CN113738369A - Efficient stoping process for sectional medium-length hole stope - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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Abstract
The invention provides an efficient stoping process of a sectional medium-length hole stope, which is characterized in that a panel stope to be mined is divided into a plurality of adjacent standard sectional medium-length hole stopes for mining, and a horizontal blast hole and an upward fan-shaped blast hole are combined to perform multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting to realize efficient stoping. Two upward vertical medium-length hole blastholes are arranged in the middle of the upward fan-shaped blastholes, so that the distribution range of blasting high stress is enlarged, and the block rate of the caving ore is reduced. Only one panel of the method is provided with a sill pillar in a stope, so that the loss rate of ores is reduced, and the mining income is increased; and a plurality of adjacent stopes are mined as the same panel area, and ore removal can be carried out by utilizing the rock drilling roadway and the vein-through ore removal roadway of the adjacent stopes, so that caving ore can be removed completely, and the mining efficiency is improved; the multiple rows of medium-length hole differential blasting can reduce the large block rate of ore and save the cost of secondary treatment. The method has the characteristics of high ore recovery rate, low lumping rate, good mining quality, convenience in ore removal and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining processes, in particular to a high-efficiency stoping process of a sectional medium-length hole stope.
Background
With the continuous development of mining industry, large-scale efficient mining becomes the inevitable choice of mining industry, and the choice of mining method is particularly important. The mining method is a mining method for researching ores, and is an organic combination of mining preparation, cutting and stoping in space and time. In the mining method, the concrete processes of three main operations of ore falling, ore transportation and ground pressure management and the matching relationship between the three operations in time and space are called as a stoping method. The mining technical conditions of the ore blocks play a decisive role in which stoping process is adopted, so that the stoping method essentially becomes the core content of the mining method, and the essential characteristics of the mining method are reflected by the stoping method. Mining methods are generally named for it and by it the accuracy of the block, the method of cutting and the specific placement of the cutting roadways of the accuracy are determined. The stoping mode has important influence on the mining process, cost, ore recovery rate and the benefit of a mine field.
At present, mining methods of metal and nonmetal underground mines are divided into three major categories according to different management methods of earth pressure during stoping, including open stope mining, filling mining and caving mining. For ore bodies with near-horizontal thickness and steep-dip thickness and large mining technical conditions, when the ore rock belongs to medium and above rock conditions, a sublevel rock drilling sublevel ore removal subsequent filling mining method or a sublevel rock drilling stage ore removal subsequent filling mining method is generally adopted for stoping, and the mining method has the advantages of small stoping accuracy engineering quantity, high production capacity, high safety, small loss index and the like.
Most medium-length hole stopes realize the caving blasting of ores by a damping blasting method through constructing upward fan-shaped medium-length holes during mining blasting, and the hole bottom distance is easy to be large when the fan-shaped holes are arranged, so that the ores at the position are not thoroughly damaged, the blasting effect is not good enough, large blocks are easy to generate, and the secondary treatment cost is increased. Most medium-length hole stopes adopt trench bottom structures for ore removal, so that the bottom of the stope can form a V-shaped structure; in the production process, the ore amount in the trench bottom structure cannot be recovered along with the normal blasting process of the discharge surface, so that a part of ore amount is remained in the stope after the stope is filled; and two adjacent stopes all adopt same bottom structures, make two stopes intersect and form a triangular pillar, and the recovery of triangular pillar is a big difficult problem that puzzles the mine production. When the triangular ore pillar is small in size, the selection of the ore pillar recovery construction equipment is greatly restricted; when the quality of the filling body is poor, the triangular ore pillar reserves the dado ore with larger thickness, so that the ore recovery rate of the ore pillar is low. If the filling masses on the two sides are poor, the retaining wall mine is easy to collapse when the triangular ore pillar is recovered, underground debris flow is formed, and great potential safety hazards exist.
In view of the above, there is a need to design an improved high-efficiency stoping process for a segmented medium-length hole stope to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient stoping process of a sectional medium-length hole stope, which realizes the purpose of efficient stoping by dividing a panel stope to be mined into a plurality of standard sectional medium-length hole stopes and combining horizontal blast holes and upward fan-shaped blast holes to perform multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides an efficient stoping process of a sectional medium-length hole stope, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a panel stope to be mined into n adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes, and arranging a rock drilling roadway and a plurality of vein-penetrating ore removal roadways in each standard subsection medium-length hole stope; rock drilling roadways of two adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes are communicated through the drift ore removal roadway;
s2, sequentially mining from medium-length hole stopes on two sides of the panel stope edge to a middle stope, and when mining is performed on the last medium-length hole stope in the n adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes, blasting upward sector-shaped blast holes and reserving a trench bottom structure; when other medium-length hole stopes are mined, horizontal blast holes and upward fan-shaped blast holes are constructed in the rock drilling roadway without reserving a trench bottom structure;
s3, carrying out charging and blasting work on the horizontal blast holes and the upward fan-shaped blast holes in the step S2, wherein the blasting sequence is that the blast holes in the rows are blasted in sequence from the middle blast hole to the side blast holes, so that omnibearing ore caving is realized;
s4, ore removal is carried out through the drift-through ore removal roadway and the rock drilling roadway which are communicated with adjacent stopes, and after mining of the medium-length hole stopes is finished, high-strength filling bodies are adopted for filling;
s5, mining towards stopes close to the middle of the panel in sequence by the same method of S1-S4;
and S6, when mining to the last medium-length hole stope of the panel stope, blasting by using the upward fan-shaped blast holes and reserving a trench bottom structure to ensure that the last medium-length hole stope can efficiently remove ores.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, n is in the range of 3. ltoreq. n.ltoreq.7.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the upward fan-shaped blast holes are composed of two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes in the middle and side blast holes uniformly distributed on both sides, so as to reduce the block rate of the ore caving.
As a further improvement of the invention, the hole bottom distance between two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes is 2.0-2.5 m, and the hole bottom distances between the side blast hole and the horizontal blast hole are 1.0-2.2 m.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S4, the strength of the high-strength filling body is greater than 2.5MPa, so as to ensure that the side wall of the filling body does not collapse during the deep hole blasting in the subsequent stope.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the blasting sequence is performed in a row-to-row manner.
As a further improvement of the invention, the blasting adopts a multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting method.
As a further improvement of the invention, during the differential blasting, the inter-row delay interval time is 50-75 ms.
As a further improvement of the method, the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.4-1.8 m along the extension direction of the rock drilling roadway.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the panel stope is further provided with a middle transportation level roadway, a ore pass communication roadway and an ore pass.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a high-efficiency stoping process of a sectional medium-length hole stope, which realizes the purpose of high-efficiency stoping by dividing a panel stope to be mined into a plurality of standard sectional medium-length hole stopes and combining horizontal blast holes and upward fan-shaped blast holes to perform multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting. Two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes arranged in the middle of the upward fan-shaped blast hole can increase the distribution range of high blasting stress and effectively reduce the block rate of the caving ore. The method combines the horizontal blast holes and the upward fan-shaped blast holes to perform multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting, improves the blasting effect, reduces the block rate of ore, saves the cost of secondary treatment, and has the characteristics of high ore recovery rate, low block rate, good mining quality, convenient ore removal and the like.
2. According to the invention, a plurality of standard segmented adjacent medium-length hole stopes are combined into one panel area for mining, and compared with the traditional mining mode, only one stope is left in one panel area, so that the loss rate of ores is reduced, and the mining income is increased. And a plurality of adjacent stopes are mined as the same panel area, the rock drilling roadway and the drift-through ore removal roadway of the adjacent stopes can be simultaneously used for ore removal, so that the caving ore can be better removed to the greatest extent, and the mining efficiency is improved.
3. The invention adopts a multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting method, forms the extrusion of a stress surface during blasting by controlling the blasting sequence, has good crushing effect, can improve the blasting effect, effectively controls the block rate and reduces the cost of secondary treatment. In addition, the multistage differential blasting has small impact force after blasting, reduces the damage to adjacent stopes or adjacent filling bodies, reduces the dilution rate of ores after ore removal, and improves the mining quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a stope arrangement structure of the efficient stope mining process of a segmented medium-length hole stope.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction II-II in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the III-III direction structure in FIG. 1.
Reference numerals
1-a first stope; 2-a second stope; 3-a third stope; 4-fourth stope; 5-fifth stope; 6-drilling a roadway; 7-horizontal blast hole; 8-upward sector blast holes; 81-upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes; 82-side blast holes; 9-drift ore removal laneway; 10-middle section transportation flat roadway; 11-ore pass communication roadway; 12-chute shaft; 13-a filler; 14-ore caving; 15-bottom pillar.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it is also to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
A high-efficiency stoping process of a sectional medium-length hole stope comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a panel stope to be mined into n adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes, and arranging a rock drilling roadway 6 and a plurality of vein-penetrating ore removal roadways 9 in each standard subsection medium-length hole stope; the rock drilling roadways 6 of two adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes are communicated through a drift ore removal roadway 9;
wherein n in the adjacent medium-length hole stopes of n standard subsections ranges from 3 to 7; the panel stope is also provided with a middle section transportation flat roadway 10, a ore-sliding connection roadway 11 and an ore-sliding shaft 12.
In particular, if the field production coordination is well organized, it is preferable to incorporate one panel into 5 stopes, leaving only one stope 15 after mining is complete; compared with the traditional mode that each stope is provided with a bottom column 15, the recovery is needed in the later period, and the recovery rate reaches 40 percent at most; the recovery rate in the technical method is equivalent to 80%, the loss rate of ores is reduced, and the income is increased.
S2, mining from medium-length hole stopes on two sides of the edge of the panel area to a middle stope in sequence, and blasting upward sector-shaped blast holes 8 when mining is performed on the last medium-length hole stope in the n adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes, and reserving a trench bottom structure; when other medium-length hole stopes are mined, horizontal blast holes 7 and upward fan-shaped blast holes 8 are constructed in the rock drilling roadway, and a trench bottom structure does not need to be reserved;
wherein, the upward fan-shaped blast holes 8 consist of two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes 81 in the middle and side blast holes 82 uniformly distributed on two sides; the hole bottom distance of the two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes 81 is 2.0-2.5 m, and the adjacent hole bottom distance of the side blast hole 82 and the horizontal blast hole 7 is 1.0-2.2 m; the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.4-1.8 m. The blast holes arranged in the mode are provided with the blast holes 81 with the middle part being vertical to the middle deep hole upwards, the distance between the blast holes is kept consistent from top to bottom, the distribution range of high blasting stress can be enlarged, and the block rate of the caving ore 14 is effectively reduced.
In a specific embodiment, the hole-bottom spacing of the horizontal blast holes 7 is 1.0m, the hole-bottom spacing of the two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes 81 is 2.0m, the hole-bottom spacing of the adjacent blast holes 82 on the two sides is 2.0m, and the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.5 m.
S3, charging and blasting the horizontal blast holes 7 and the upward sector blast holes 8 in the step S2, wherein the blasting sequence is that the blast holes in the middle two upward vertical medium-length holes 81 in the rows are blasted to the side blast holes 82 in sequence, and the blast holes in the rows are blasted from inside to outside in sequence;
wherein, blasting adopts a multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting method, and the delay interval time between rows of blasting is 50-75 ms. By adopting a multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting method and controlling the blasting sequence, the stress surface is extruded during blasting, the crushing effect is good, the block rate can be effectively controlled, and the secondary treatment cost is reduced. In addition, the multistage differential blasting has small impact force after blasting, reduces the damage to adjacent stopes or adjacent filling bodies, reduces the dilution rate of ores after ore removal, and improves the mining quality.
In one particular embodiment, the delay interval between rows of the differential blasting is 50 ms.
S4, ore removal is carried out through the drift ore removal roadway 9 and the rock drilling roadway 6 which are communicated with adjacent stopes, and after mining of the medium-length hole stopes is finished, high-strength filling bodies 13 with the strength larger than 2.5MPa are used for filling;
the high-strength filling body 13 is used for filling, so that the side slope of the filling body 13 is prevented from collapsing when medium-length hole blasting is carried out in the mining of adjacent stopes, and the dilution rate of ores is improved. In a specific embodiment, the strength of the filling body 13 used is 3 MPa.
S5, mining towards stopes close to the middle of the panel area in sequence by adopting the same method of S1-S4;
and S6, when mining to the last medium-length hole stope of the panel stope, blasting by using upward fan-shaped blast holes 8 and reserving a trench bottom structure to ensure that the last medium-length hole stope can efficiently remove ores.
Wherein, during the exploitation of last medium-length hole stope, its ore removal passageway only has rock drilling tunnel 6, and the field of vision and angle are limited when remote control scraper is inside shovel dress, ore removal difficulty, so adopt to blow to fan-shaped big gun hole 8, form sill pillar 15 in intermediate level stope bottom both sides, substructure formation ore falling trench, scraper can be under trench and rock drilling tunnel 6's combination, steady convenient and efficient ore removal.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the high-efficiency stoping process of a sectional medium-length hole stope of the invention divides a panel stope with a width of 75m into 5 adjacent standard sectional medium-length hole stopes, each stope has a width of 15m and is sequentially marked as a first stope 1, a second stope 2, a third stope 3, a fourth stope 4 and a fifth stope 5, and the panel stope is provided with a plurality of vein-penetrating ore removal roadways 9, a rock drilling roadway 6, a middle section transportation flat roadway 10, a ore pass communication roadway 11 and a ore pass mine 12. Preferentially selecting a first stope 1 and a fifth stope 5 of stopes of a panel area for mining, constructing a horizontal blast hole 7 and an upward fan-shaped blast hole 8 in a rock drilling roadway 6, wherein the upward fan-shaped blast hole 8 consists of two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes 81 in the middle and side blast holes 82 uniformly distributed on two sides; the hole bottom spacing of the horizontal blast holes 7 is 1.0m, the hole bottom spacing of the two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes 81 is 2.0m, the adjacent hole bottom spacing of the side blast holes 82 is 2.0m, and the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.5 m.
And (3) carrying out charging and differential blasting work on the horizontal blast holes 7 and the upward sector-shaped blast holes 8, wherein the blasting sequence is that blasting is carried out in rows from the middle two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes 81 to the side blast holes 82 and then to the horizontal blast holes 7, and blasting is carried out in rows from inside to outside. The inter-row delay interval time of the differential blasting is 50 ms. Ore removal is carried out on the caving ore 14 by utilizing the rock drilling roadway 6 and the drift ore removal roadway 9 communicated with the adjacent stopes, and after mining of the first stope 1 and the fifth stope 5 is finished, a high-strength filling body 13 with the strength of 3MPa is used for filling. The same method is adopted to carry out mining on a second mining field 2 and a fourth mining field 4 which are close to the middle of the panel in sequence. When the last third stope 3 of the panel stope is mined, only the upward fan-shaped blast holes 8 are adopted for blasting, and the bottom columns 15 and the trench bottom structure are reserved so as to ensure that the third stope 3 can efficiently mine.
In summary, according to the efficient stoping process for the segmented medium-length hole stope provided by the invention, the panel stope to be mined is divided into a plurality of standard segmented medium-length hole stopes, only one panel is provided with a bottom pillar in each stope, so that the loss rate of ores is reduced, and the mining income is increased. And a plurality of adjacent stopes are mined as the same panel area, the rock drilling roadway and the drift-through ore removal roadway of the adjacent stopes can be simultaneously used for ore removal, so that the caving ore can be better removed to the greatest extent, and the mining efficiency is improved. The horizontal blast holes and the upward fan-shaped blast holes are combined to perform multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting to achieve the purposes of ore caving and efficient stoping comprehensively. Two upward vertical medium-length hole blastholes are arranged in the middle of the upward fan-shaped blastholes, so that the distribution range of blasting high stress is enlarged, and the block rate of the caving ore is effectively reduced. The method combines the horizontal holes and the upward fan-shaped holes to carry out multi-row medium-length hole differential blasting, can improve the blasting effect, reduce the block rate of ore, save the cost of secondary treatment, and has the characteristics of high ore recovery rate, low block rate, good mining quality, convenient ore removal and the like.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The efficient stoping process of the sectional medium-length hole stope is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, dividing a panel stope to be mined into n adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes, and arranging a rock drilling roadway and a plurality of vein-penetrating ore removal roadways in each standard subsection medium-length hole stope; rock drilling roadways of two adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes are communicated through the drift ore removal roadway;
s2, sequentially mining from medium-length hole stopes on two sides of the panel stope edge to a middle stope, and when mining is performed on the last medium-length hole stope in the n adjacent standard subsection medium-length hole stopes, blasting upward sector-shaped blast holes and reserving a trench bottom structure; when other medium-length hole stopes are mined, horizontal blast holes and upward fan-shaped blast holes are constructed in the rock drilling roadway without reserving a trench bottom structure;
s3, carrying out charging and blasting work on the horizontal blast holes and the upward fan-shaped blast holes in the step S2, wherein the blasting sequence is that the blast holes in the rows are blasted in sequence from the middle blast hole to the side blast holes, so that omnibearing ore caving is realized;
s4, ore removal is carried out through the drift-through ore removal roadway and the rock drilling roadway which are communicated with adjacent stopes, and after mining of the medium-length hole stopes is finished, high-strength filling bodies are adopted for filling;
s5, mining towards stopes close to the middle of the panel in sequence by the same method of S1-S4;
and S6, when mining to the last medium-length hole stope of the panel stope, blasting by using the upward fan-shaped blast holes and reserving a trench bottom structure to ensure that the last medium-length hole stope can efficiently remove ores.
2. The high-efficiency stoping process of a segmented medium-length hole stope according to claim 1, wherein n is in the range of 3-7 in step S1.
3. The high-efficiency stoping process of a segmental medium-length hole stope according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the upward fan-shaped blast holes are composed of two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes in the middle and side blast holes uniformly distributed on two sides, so as to reduce the block rate of the caving ore.
4. The efficient stoping process of the sectional medium-length hole stope according to claim 3, wherein the hole-bottom distance between two upward vertical medium-length hole blast holes is 2.0-2.5 m, and the hole-bottom distances between the side blast hole and the horizontal blast hole are 1.0-2.2 m.
5. The high-efficiency stoping process of a sectional medium-length hole stope according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the strength of the high-strength filling body is greater than 2.5MPa, so as to ensure that the side wall of the filling body does not collapse during the medium-length hole blasting of the subsequent stope.
6. The high-efficiency stoping process of a sectioned medium-length hole stope according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the blasting sequence is row-to-row blasting from inside to outside.
7. The efficient stoping process of a sectioned medium-length hole stope according to claim 6, wherein the blasting adopts a multi-row medium-length hole micro-differential blasting method.
8. The efficient stoping process of the sectional medium-length hole stope according to claim 7, wherein the delay interval time between rows is 50-75 ms during the differential blasting.
9. The efficient stoping process of the sectional medium-length hole stope according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.4-1.8 m along the extension direction of the rock drilling roadway.
10. The efficient stoping process of a sectioned medium-length hole stope according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the panel stope is further provided with a middle transportation drift, a ore pass communication drift and an ore pass.
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