CN113737764B - Static sounding device and static sounding method - Google Patents
Static sounding device and static sounding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113737764B CN113737764B CN202111027513.8A CN202111027513A CN113737764B CN 113737764 B CN113737764 B CN 113737764B CN 202111027513 A CN202111027513 A CN 202111027513A CN 113737764 B CN113737764 B CN 113737764B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a static sounding device and a static sounding method, including a frame, where the frame is erected on a sounding field, a top pressurizing mechanism is vertically arranged on the frame, a top end of a probe rod is connected to a bottom end of the top pressurizing mechanism, a probe is arranged at the bottom end of the probe rod, a force sensor is arranged on the probe, a new pressurizing mechanism is connected between the top end of the probe and the probe rod, when a shallow soft soil layer is probed, the top pressurizing mechanism is used alone to push out a probe rod penetration test, when a deep soil layer or a hard soil layer is probed, first, the new pressurizing mechanism is controlled to work to push a front-end probe to penetrate, only end resistance of the probe needs to be overcome, side resistance of a soil body around the probe rod is a counter force, and then the probe rod is pushed to move down by the top pressurizing mechanism, and meanwhile, the new pressurizing mechanism contracts to return, that is only side resistance of the soil body around the probe rod needs to be overcome, and the first step and the second step are repeated until the probe penetrates to a design depth.
Description
Technical Field
One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of static sounding technologies, and in particular, to a static sounding device and a static sounding method.
Background
Static sounding refers to pressing a feeler lever with a feeler into a test soil layer by a pressure device, and measuring the penetration resistance of the soil by a measuring system, so that mechanical layering can be carried out, and the plastic state or compactness, strength, compressibility, foundation bearing capacity, single-pile bearing capacity and the like of the soil can be estimated. The static sounding pressurization mode includes three types, namely a mechanical type, a hydraulic type and a manual type. The static sounding is tested on site, regression analysis is carried out on test indexes obtained by the static sounding and related indexes of a load test and a soil test, and an empirical formula suitable for a certain area or a certain soil property can be obtained.
The basic principle of static sounding is to use quasi-static force (no or little impact load relative to dynamic sounding) to uniformly press a probe with a sensor in it into the soil, because the soil in the stratum has different hardness and the resistance of the probe is naturally different, the sensor inputs the penetration resistance with different sizes into a recording instrument through electric signals to record, and then the engineering geological survey purposes such as dividing the mechanical layer of the soil, providing the bearing capacity of the foundation, selecting the pile end bearing layer and predicting the bearing capacity of a single pile are realized through the qualitative relation and statistical correlation between the penetration resistance and the engineering geological characteristics of the soil.
The static sounding is mainly suitable for the investigation of cohesive soil, silt and sandy soil within 50m below the ground, particularly for the investigation of a complex field with large stratum property change, saturated sandy soil which is difficult to obtain undisturbed soil and a soft clay stratum with high sensitivity, and is more suitable for the investigation by adopting the static sounding.
Static sounding is an in-situ test means and an investigation means, and compared with conventional exploration procedures such as drilling, sampling and indoor tests, the static sounding has the characteristics of rapidness, accuracy, economy, labor saving and the like. In addition, in the process of adopting pile foundation engineering investigation, the static sounding can accurately determine the characteristics of a pile tip bearing layer and the like, which cannot be compared with the characteristics of a common conventional investigation means.
However, the current static sounding techniques also have their disadvantages, such as: at present, a pressurizing device for static sounding is generally arranged at the top of a probe rod above the ground, so that the larger the penetration depth is, the larger the penetration resistance to be overcome is, the self weight of a machine and an anchoring device are required to provide enough counterforce, the anchoring difficulty is high for filling the earth surface with impurities or hardening the ground, the time is delayed, the efficiency is influenced, and the penetration depth is influenced when the anchoring force of a soft soil surface is insufficient; when the penetration depth exceeds 30m or penetrates through a thick layer of soft soil and then penetrates into a hard soil layer, the phenomenon of hole inclination or rod breakage is easy to occur, and the test result and efficiency are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure to provide a static sounding device and a static sounding method, which address all or one of the problems in the background art.
In view of the above, one or more embodiments of the present specification provide a bottom expanding device based on a cast-in-place large-diameter tubular pile, including:
the top pressurizing mechanism is vertically arranged on the rack;
the top end of the probe rod is connected to the bottom end of the top pressurizing mechanism, the bottom end of the probe rod is provided with a probe, a new pressurizing mechanism is connected between the top end of the probe and the probe rod, and the probe is provided with a force transducer for penetration test;
when sounding shallow soft soil layer, directly push out probe rod penetration test downwards through top loading mechanism, when sounding deep soil layer or harder soil layer, earlier through newly-increased loading mechanism work to the front end probe penetration is promoted in the extension, and rethread top loading mechanism promotes the probe rod and moves down, and newly-increased loading mechanism contracts the return simultaneously.
Preferably, the top pressurizing mechanism includes a primary hydraulic system for extending to push the probe downward.
Preferably, the new pressure adding mechanism comprises an internal hydraulic system for extending and pushing the probe downwards.
Preferably, the full stroke of the extension of the new pressurization mechanism is at least 0.5m.
Preferably, the new pressure adding mechanism is designed coaxially with the probe, and the outer diameter of the new pressure adding mechanism is equal to that of the probe.
Preferably, the device is further provided with a ground control system, and the ground control system is electrically connected with the top pressurizing mechanism and the new pressurizing mechanism respectively and used for controlling the penetration test.
Preferably, the load cell transmits signals to the ground control system in a wireless transmission manner.
A bottom expanding method based on a cast-in-place large-diameter tubular pile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a: erecting an assembling machine frame on a sounding test field for preparation;
b: a top pressurizing mechanism is assembled on the frame, the bottom end of the top pressurizing mechanism is connected with a probe rod, the bottom end of the probe rod is provided with a probe, and a new pressurizing mechanism is connected between the top end of the probe and the probe rod;
c: on a shallow soft soil layer, a top pressurizing mechanism is independently utilized to push a probe rod to move downwards to penetrate into a penetration probe;
d: when the soil layer is deep or hard, the soil body is extended by a newly added pressurizing mechanism, and the resistance on the soil body side around the probe rod is used as counter force to push the front probe to penetrate;
e: when the newly-added pressurizing mechanism extends to reach a full stroke, the self weight of the rack is used as a counterforce, and the top pressurizing mechanism pushes the probe rod to move downwards so that the newly-added pressurizing mechanism is contracted and returned;
preferably, the outer diameter of the newly added pressurizing mechanism is equal to the outer diameter of the probe.
As can be seen from the above description, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a static sounding device and a static sounding method, which have the following advantages: when the pressure mechanism is additionally arranged at the top end of the probe in the first step to push the probe to penetrate through the two sets of pressure devices, the side resistance (adverse acting force) of the soil body around the probe which obstructs the penetration of the probe in the traditional method is changed into the counter force (favorable acting force) which is favorable for the propulsion of the probe, and meanwhile, when the top pressure mechanism in the second step pushes the probe to move downwards, the end resistance of the probe is not required to be overcome, the required counter force can be met through the dead weight of a rack, the anchoring operation is not required to be additionally carried out, the anchoring time is saved, the test efficiency is greatly improved, meanwhile, the condition that the penetration depth is influenced due to poor anchoring effect is avoided, the push force is generated by the extension of the additionally arranged pressure mechanism at the top end of the probe, the push force is directly exerted on the probe, the consumption by the side resistance of the soil body around the probe is not required, the counter force is changed into the favorable force, the stress is more reasonable, the penetration efficiency can be greatly improved, the penetration depth is increased, meanwhile, the transmission path of the probe is directly pushed by the additionally arranging the pressure mechanism at the top end of the probe, the pressure devices, the energy sources can be effectively reduced, and the emission can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate one or more embodiments or prior art solutions of the present specification, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only one or more embodiments of the present specification, and that other drawings may be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort from these drawings.
FIG. 1 is an elevational cut-away view of a static sounding device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a prior art manner of penetration of a static sounding device;
FIG. 3 shows a two-step sounding configuration of a static sounding device in an embodiment of the invention;
wherein, the solid arrow indicates the stress direction, F is the power provided by the top pressurizing device in the prior art, F1 is the resistance of the soil body around the probe rod 3, F2 is the resistance of the probe 4, F1 is the power provided by the newly-increased pressurizing mechanism in the invention, and F2 is the power provided by the top pressurizing mechanism in the invention.
In the figure: 1. a frame; 2. a top pressurizing mechanism; 3. a probe rod; 4. a probe; 5. adding a pressurizing mechanism; 6. a ground control system.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the present disclosure is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of the present specification should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in one or more embodiments of the specification is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
The utility model provides a static sounding device and static sounding method, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, including frame 1, frame 1 erects on the sounding field ground, the vertical top loading system 2 that is equipped with in frame 1, be provided with probe rod 3, probe rod 3 top is connected in 2 bottoms of top loading system, probe rod 3 bottom is equipped with probe 4, be connected with newly-increased loading system 5 between 4 tops of probe and probe rod 3, be equipped with force cell on probe 4, be used for the sounding test, during sounding shallow soft soil layer, directly push out probe rod 3 penetration test downwards through top loading system 2, during sounding deep soil layer or harder soil layer, earlier work through newly-increased loading system 5, with the penetration of extension promotion front end probe 4, the rethread top loading system 2 promotes probe rod 3 and moves down, newly-increased loading system 5 shrink return simultaneously.
The invention is characterized in that a rack 1 is arranged, the rack 1 is erected on a sounding field, a top pressurizing mechanism 2 is vertically arranged on the rack 1, the top end of a probe rod 3 is connected with the bottom end of the top pressurizing mechanism 2, a probe 4 is arranged at the bottom end of the probe rod 3, a force transducer is arranged on the probe 4 and is used for sounding test, in particular, a newly-added pressurizing mechanism 5 is connected between the top end of the probe rod 4 and the probe rod 3, namely, a set of pressurizing device is newly added between the probe 4 and the probe rod 3 for static sounding on the basis of a pressurizing device arranged at the top of the probe rod 3, so that when a shallow soft soil layer is sounded, the top pressurizing mechanism 2 is independently utilized to push the probe rod 3 downwards to perform penetration test, namely, the side resistance of soil around the probe rod 3 and the end resistance of the probe 4 need to be simultaneously overcome, only the dead weight of the rack 1 is used as counter force, when a deep soil layer or a hard soil layer is sounded, the newly-increased pressurizing mechanism 5 is firstly controlled to work, when the front end probe 4 is pushed to penetrate by stretching, only the end resistance of the probe 4 needs to be overcome at the moment, the side resistance of the soil around the probe rod 3 is used as a counter force, when the newly added pressurizing mechanism 5 reaches the full stroke and extends out, the self weight of the rack 1 is used as the counter force, the probe rod 3 is pushed to move downwards through the top pressurizing mechanism 2, and the newly added pressurizing mechanism 5 is contracted and returned at the same time, namely, only the side resistance of the soil around the probe rod 3 needs to be overcome, the first step and the second step are repeated until the probe 4 penetrates to the designed depth, therefore, when the probe 4 is pushed to penetrate by the newly added pressurizing mechanism 5 at the top end of the probe 4 in the traditional method, the side resistance (adverse acting force) of the soil around the probe rod 3 which hinders the probe 4 from penetrating in the traditional method is changed into the counter force (beneficial acting force) which is beneficial to the pushing of the probe 4 through the two pressurizing devices, meanwhile, when the top pressurizing mechanism 2 in the second step pushes the probe rod 3 to move downwards, the end resistance of the probe 4 does not need to be overcome, and the required counter force can be met through the self weight of the rack 1, in the traditional test, because the counter force required to be provided is always greater than the sum of the side resistance of the soil body around the probe rod 3 and the end resistance of the probe 4, particularly when the probe rod penetrates into a deep soil layer or a hard soil layer, such as an underlying cobble layer, even if the power pressurizing equipment can be enlarged to provide enough power, the key point is to provide enough huge counter force, and the self weight of the rack 1 is limited, therefore, in the traditional situation, the operation of additionally anchoring around the rack 1 is often required, in fact, the anchoring cost is very high, particularly for filling the earth surface or hardening the ground, the ground hole needs to be opened for anchoring point, and the problem of insufficient anchoring force exists in a soft ground surface, so that the anchoring difficulty is very high, the time is delayed, and the efficiency is influenced, through the two-step repeated operation, the anchoring operation is not needed, the anchoring time is saved, the test efficiency is greatly improved, the condition that the penetration depth is influenced due to poor anchoring effect is avoided, the thrust is generated by the extension of the pressure mechanism 5 additionally arranged at the top end of the probe 4 and is directly applied to the probe 4, the thrust is not consumed by the lateral resistance of the soil body around the probe rod 3, but the resistance is changed into the counter-force, the stress is more reasonable, the penetration efficiency is greatly improved, the penetration depth is increased, meanwhile, the pressure mechanism 5 additionally arranged at the top end of the probe 4 directly pushes the probe 4 to penetrate, the force transmission path is reduced, the phenomena of hole inclination or rod breakage can be effectively avoided, the test precision and the test efficiency are greatly improved, the two sets of pressure devices work in cooperation, and the energy consumption of the pressure devices can be effectively reduced through the role conversion of the force, the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
For example, assuming that the soil layer at the test section is a sandy soil layer, the cone tip resistance is assumed to be 20.0MPa, and the average value of the side wall resistance is assumed to be 15kPa, according to the conventional test method, the penetration depth is 30m, and the resistance to be overcome by the top pressurizing mechanism 2 is the soil body side resistance (f 1) around the probe rod 3 and the probe rodHead 4 end resistance (f 2), f1=3.14x0.032x30x15=45kn, f2=15x10 -4 x20x10 3 =30KN, according to the test method of the present invention, at the penetration depth of 30m, the resistance which needs to be overcome by newly adding the pressure mechanism 5 on the top end of the probe 4 to push the probe 4 in the first step is only the resistance (f 2=30 KN) at the end of the probe 4, at this time, the resistance (f 1=45 KN) of the soil body around the probe 3 which hinders the penetration of the probe 4 in the traditional method is changed into the counter force (beneficial action force) which is beneficial to the propulsion of the probe 4, the resistance (f 1=45 KN) of the soil body around the probe 3 is only needed to be overcome by pushing the probe 3 downwards by the top pressure mechanism 2 in the second step, the counter force provided by the dead weight of the rack 1 is not needed to be anchored additionally, the anchoring time is saved, and the test efficiency is greatly improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the top pressurizing mechanism 2 includes a main hydraulic system for vertically extending and pushing the probe rod 3 downward.
In the embodiment of the invention, the new pressurization mechanism 5 comprises an internal hydraulic system which is used for vertically extending to push the probe 4 to move downwards.
In an embodiment of the invention the full stroke of the extension of the new pressurizing means 5 is at least 0.5m.
In the embodiment of the invention, the additional pressurizing mechanism 5 is designed coaxially with the probe 4, and the outer diameter of the additional pressurizing mechanism 5 is equal to that of the probe 4.
In the embodiment of the invention, a ground control system 6 is further arranged, and the ground control system 6 is respectively and electrically connected with the top pressurizing mechanism 2 and the newly-added pressurizing mechanism 5 and is used for conveniently controlling the sounding test operation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the force measuring sensor transmits signals to the ground control system 6 in a wireless transmission mode so as to record test data in real time.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a static sounding method, which comprises the following steps:
a: erecting an assembling machine frame 1 on a sounding test field for preparation;
b: a top pressurizing mechanism 2 is assembled on the frame 1, the bottom end of the top pressurizing mechanism 2 is connected with a probe rod 3, the bottom end of the probe rod 3 is provided with a probe 4, and a new pressurizing mechanism 5 is connected between the top end of the probe 4 and the probe rod 3;
c: on a shallow soft soil layer, the top pressurizing mechanism 2 is independently utilized to push the probe rod 3 to move downwards to penetrate into the penetration;
d: when the deep soil layer or the hard soil layer is encountered, the new pressure mechanism 5 works and extends, the soil body side resistance around the probe rod 3 is used as the counter force, and the front end probe 4 is pushed to penetrate;
e: when the newly added pressurizing mechanism 5 extends to reach a full stroke, the self weight of the rack 1 is used as a counter force, and the probe rod 3 is pushed to move downwards through the top pressurizing mechanism 2, so that the newly added pressurizing mechanism 5 is contracted and returned;
f: and e, repeating the steps d and e circularly until the probe 4 penetrates to the designed depth for penetration.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the outer diameter of the new pressurizing mechanism 5 is equal to the outer diameter of the probe 4.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the spirit of the present disclosure, features from the above embodiments or from different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present description as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
It is intended that the one or more embodiments of the present specification embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements, and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A static cone penetration device, comprising:
the device comprises a rack, a positioning mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the rack is erected on a sounding field, and a top pressurizing mechanism is vertically arranged on the rack;
the top end of the probe rod is connected to the bottom end of the top pressurizing mechanism, the bottom end of the probe rod is provided with a probe, a newly-added pressurizing mechanism is connected between the top end of the probe and the probe rod, and the probe is provided with a force transducer and used for a sounding test;
during sounding shallow soft soil layer, directly pass through top loading mechanism pushes out downwards the probe rod penetration test, during sounding deep soil layer or harder soil layer, passes through earlier newly-increased loading mechanism work to the extension promotes the front end the probe penetrates, the rethread top loading mechanism promotes the probe rod moves down, simultaneously newly-increased loading mechanism shrink return.
2. A static sounding device according to claim 1, wherein the top pressurising mechanism comprises a primary hydraulic system for extending to urge the probe rod downwards.
3. A static sounding device according to claim 1, wherein the additional pressurising means comprises an internal hydraulic system for extending to urge the probe downwards.
4. A static sounding device according to claim 1, wherein the full stroke of extension of the new pressure means is at least 0.5m.
5. A static sounding device according to claim 1, wherein said additional pressurizing means is of a coaxial design with said probe and has an outer diameter equal to the outer diameter of said probe.
6. A static sounding device according to claim 1, further comprising a ground control system, wherein the ground control system is electrically connected to the top pressurizing mechanism and the new pressurizing mechanism respectively, for controlling the sounding test.
7. A static sounding device according to claim 6, wherein the load cell transmits signals to the ground control system by wireless transmission.
8. A method of static cone penetration, comprising:
a: erecting an assembling machine frame on a sounding test field for preparation;
b: the rack is provided with a top pressurizing mechanism, the bottom end of the top pressurizing mechanism is connected with a probe rod, the bottom end of the probe rod is provided with a probe, and a newly-increased pressurizing mechanism is connected between the top end of the probe and the probe rod;
c: on a shallow soft soil layer, the top pressurizing mechanism is independently utilized to push the probe rod to move downwards to penetrate into the penetration probe;
d: when the soil layer is deep or hard, the soil layer is firstly extended by the newly-added pressurizing mechanism, and the resistance on the soil body side around the probe rod is used as counter force to push the probe at the front end to penetrate;
e: when the new pressure increasing mechanism extends to reach the full stroke, the dead weight of the rack is used as a counter force, and the top pressure mechanism pushes the probe rod to move downwards so as to enable the new pressure increasing mechanism to retract and return;
f: and e, repeating the steps d and e circularly until the probe penetrates to the designed depth for penetration.
9. A method of static sounding according to claim 8, wherein the additional pressurising means has an external diameter equal to the external diameter of the probe.
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| JP2021067113A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-30 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Data transmission system |
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| JP2001241030A (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2001-09-04 | Oyo Corp | Static penetration testing equipment in bore hole equipped with boring function |
| CN102094410A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-06-15 | 杨砚儒 | Static/dynamic sounding apparatus |
| CN102900064A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-01-30 | 安徽华电工程咨询设计有限公司 | Micro static force penetrometer |
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