CN113718143A - Ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy wheel hub material ZL350/500 and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy wheel hub material ZL350/500 and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
An ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 comprises the following components: si: 7-12.5%; fe: 0.25-0.45%; cu: l.9-3.2%; mn: 0.25-0.55%: mg: l.7-2.8%; zr: 0.01-0.05%; zn: 0.15-0.30%; ti: 0.10-0.55%; ni is less than or equal to 0.05; the balance being aluminum. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps: firstly, melting aluminum by a tilting type reflection smelting furnace; adding silicon, manganese and copper for smelting; adding magnesium and zinc for smelting; adding titanium for smelting; electromagnetic stirring, degassing and deslagging; refining the injected gas at the bottom of the furnace; sixthly, adding a modificator to perform modification treatment; seventhly, filtering and pouring the ceramic; applying forging pressure to refine grains; ninthly, carrying out homogenization treatment on the casting; solid solution in the R and artificial aging treatment. After homogenization, solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy has the tensile strength of 350-500 MPa, the yield strength of 320-380 MPa and the elongation of more than 7% at room temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cast aluminum alloy, and relates to a cast aluminum alloy material and a manufacturing process thereof, in particular to an ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy material ZL350/500 and a manufacturing process thereof, which are used for manufacturing an automotive ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy hub and are also suitable for the field of using a large amount of ultrahigh-strength and light aluminum alloy new materials.
Background
With the popularization of automobiles in China, the requirement for light weight of automobiles is more and more urgent due to the huge automobile holding capacity and production capacity. The hub is a key part for bearing the whole weight and rotating at high speed of the automobile, and puts more severe requirements on the new materials used by the hub. At present, most high-grade commercial vehicles in the world adopt aluminum alloy materials to manufacture hubs, such as automobile hubs manufactured by using Ac4C and ADC3 materials in Japan and A356 materials in America, and China also publicly reports that aluminum hub materials such as ZL101A and the like are used for producing automobile hubs. These materials have not high tensile strength, all less than 300 Mpa. Due to the limitation of material strength, the service performance of the hub is required to be met, and the section size of the hub needs to be large enough to meet the requirements of high-speed rotation of the hub and bearing of the whole weight of an automobile.
The Chinese invention patent (patent number: 201310069762.2) discloses an aluminum alloy material and a heat treatment process thereof, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8% -1.3% of Si; CuO.3-0.7%; MnO of 20 to 0.60 percent; MgO.8-1.4%; CrO.05-0.25%; ZrO 2.05-0.2%; fe < 0.5%; zn is less than 0.2 percent; ti is less than 0.1%, and the balance is Al and impurities. According to the aluminum alloy material and the heat treatment process thereof, the trace elements are added on the basis of the traditional 6xxx alloy, the content of the main elements is optimized, and meanwhile, the vacuum casting mode and the optimized heat treatment process are adopted, so that the strength and the toughness of the aluminum alloy material are improved, the organic combination of the strength, the toughness and the corrosion resistance is realized, the aluminum alloy material can be used for replacing 2xxx and 7xxx aluminum alloys in certain fields, and the aluminum alloy material has good application prospects in the fields of aerospace, civil automobiles and the like.
The Chinese patent application No. 201410543527.9 discloses a process for preparing an aluminum alloy, which comprises, by weight, 1.0-1.1% of copper, 0.03-0.05% of iron, 0.001-0.0015% of carbon, 0.003-0.005% of titanium, 0.001-0.003% of zirconium, 0.35-0.5% of zinc, 0.02-0.05% of barium, 0.002-0.003% of bismuth, 0.03-0.05% of neodymium, 0.003-0.005% of vanadium, 0.1-0.3% of nickel, 0.01-0.03% of tungsten, 0.003-0.005% of lanthanum-containing rare earth, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities. Through the technical scheme, the strength of the aluminum alloy conductor is improved, the influence on the conductivity of the conductor is small, and the toughness of the aluminum alloy conductor is improved.
The two patents improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy material, and realize the organic combination of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, but the patent application still has the defect of low material strength.
In the face of development requirements of light weight automobiles and new energy automobiles, weight and cost are reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the strength of a hub, so that carrying capacity and speed are improved, and increasingly urgent research and development on ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy structural materials is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of low tensile strength in the prior art, and provides an ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material and a manufacturing process thereof, which reduce the weight and the cost and improve the carrying capacity and the speed on the premise of ensuring the strength of a hub.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
an ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 7-12.5%; fe: 0.25-0.45%; cu: l.9-3.2%; mn: 0.25-0.55%; mg: l.7-2.8%; zn: 0.15-0.30%; zr: 0.01-0.05%; 0.10 to 0.55 percent of Ti; ni is less than or equal to 0.05; the balance being aluminum.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
(1) the tilting type reflection smelting furnace melts aluminum, and NOX is lower than 60 ppm;
(2) after a part of furnace burden is melted, adding 7-12.5% of silicon, 0.25-0.55% of manganese and 1.9-3.2% of copper into the melt for smelting at 720-740 ℃;
(3) when the temperature rises to 730-750 ℃, scattering a powdery solvent, separating slag and metal, skimming, adding 1.7-2.8% of magnesium and 0.15-0.30% of zinc for smelting after skimming;
(4) after the temperature is increased to 740-760 ℃, adding 0.10-0.55% of titanium for smelting;
(5) starting an electromagnetic stirrer to stir when various components are fully dissolved together, wherein the stirring frequency is not less than 4 times, and degassing, deslagging and refining;
blowing N into the solution by using a blowing gas device arranged at the bottom of the reverberatory furnace2-Cl2And refining with mixed gas, wherein the refining time is as follows: and (4) refining for 12-18 minutes, and then removing slag.
(6) Modifying the alloy by adding Zr modifier to change the silicon phase form and destroy the Si molecular group structure to produce Al3The Zr primary crystal has small size and is dispersed and distributed, the sizes of eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon are reduced, and the maximum size of the primary crystal silicon is not more than 0.08 mm.
Uniformly spraying a modifier Zr on the surface of the melt, electromagnetically stirring, and refining gas N2Refining for 10 minutes, pulling out slag and standing.
(7) Pouring at 715-725 deg.c and mold preheating at 310-360 deg.c. The melt is filtered by a ceramic filter plate during casting.
(8) Adopting a high-pressure casting molding process, filling the cavity with liquid aluminum alloy at high pressure, immediately applying forging pressure when the cavity is filled with the liquid aluminum alloy and is not completely solidified, and refining grains;
(9) and (5) homogenizing the casting. Homogenizing temperature: at 495-520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12-20 h, cooling to 220-250 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging.
(10) And carrying out solid solution and artificial aging treatment on the casting.
Solution treatment: solid solution temperature: 475-525 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-4.5 h, and rapidly cooling in polyethylene glycol heat treatment liquid within 18 s;
aging treatment: the aging is carried out in an aging furnace, the aging temperature is 130-175 ℃, the aging time is 2-6 h, and the material is cooled along with the furnace after the aging time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention optimizes the quantity ratio according to the properties of various components;
si is the main component in the alloy, and Si is eutectic of a + Si and b (Al) in the alloy5FeSi) form. As the Si content increases, the eutectic thereof increases, the fluidity of the alloy solution increases, and the strength and wear resistance of the alloy increase simultaneously.
A small amount of Ni and Fe can form intermetallic compounds insoluble in aluminum, so that grains are refined, the high-temperature strength and hardness of the alloy are improved, and the linear expansion coefficient is not reduced.
Formation of Mg from Cu and Mg2Si, CuAl2 and S phases, and the alloy strength is improved.
Ti refines crystal grains and improves the air tightness of the alloy.
Mn in the alloy is partially dissolved in the matrix in a solid solution mode, and the balance is MnAl6The form of the phase exists in the structure, Mn can increase the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, prevent grain refinement, improve the strength of the alloy and particularly have obvious effect of improving the yield strength.
Modifying the alloy by adding Zr modifier to change the silicon phase form and destroy the Si molecular group structure to produce Al3The Zr primary crystal has small size and is dispersed and distributed, the sizes of eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon are reduced, and the maximum size of the primary crystal silicon is not more than 0.08 mm. And simultaneously, the stress corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved.
Adding corresponding materials in sequence at different smelting temperatures, and stirring properly to ensure that the added alloy is fully melted and uniformly diffused; by the technical measures, the strength index and the plasticity index of the alloy are obviously improved.
After homogenization, solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the high-strength cast aluminum alloy has the tensile strength of 350-500 MPa, the yield strength of 320-380 MPa and the elongation of more than 7% at room temperature.
Drawings
The invention has 1 figure, and can also be used as the figure of the abstract of the specification.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 7-12.5% of Si; 0.25 to 0.45 percent of Fe; cu: l.9-3.2%; mn: 0.25-0.55%; mg: l.7-2.8%; zn: 0.15-0.30%; zr: 0.01-0.05%; ti: 0.10-0.55%; ni: less than or equal to 0.05; the balance being aluminum.
As shown in fig. 1, the manufacturing method thereof includes the steps of:
(1) the tilting type reflection smelting furnace melts aluminum, and NOX is lower than 60 ppm;
(2) after a part of furnace burden is melted, adding 7-12.5% of silicon, 0.25-0.55% of manganese and 1.9-3.2% of copper into the melt for smelting at 720-740 ℃;
(3) when the temperature rises to 730-750 ℃, scattering a powdery solvent, separating slag and metal, skimming, adding 1.7-2.8% of magnesium and 0.15-0.30% of zinc for smelting after skimming;
(4) after the temperature is increased to 740-760 ℃, adding 0.10-0.55% of titanium for smelting;
(5) starting an electromagnetic stirrer to stir when various components are fully dissolved together, wherein the stirring frequency is not less than 4 times, and degassing, deslagging and refining;
blowing N into the solution by using a blowing gas device arranged at the bottom of the reverberatory furnace2-Cl2Refining with mixed gas, spraying refining gas into the solution and floating, and adsorbing harmful gas such as H in the solution with the fine bubbles formed by the floating refining gas2And various oxides and the like are taken out of the solution along with the bubbles, so that the refining degassing effect is good. Refining for 12-18 minutes, and removing slag after refining.
(6) By adding Zr alterant to modify the alloy, the form of silicon phase is changed, the si molecular group structure is destroyed, and the produced Al3The Zr primary crystal has small size and is dispersed and distributed, the sizes of eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon are reduced, and the maximum size of the primary crystal silicon is not more than 0.08 mm.
Uniformly spraying a modifier Zr on the surface of the melt, electromagnetically stirring, and refining gas N2Refining for 10 minutes, pulling out slag and standing.
(7) Pouring at 715-725 deg.c and mold preheating at 310-360 deg.c. When in casting, the ceramic aluminum liquid filter plate is used for filtering the solution, effectively removing impurities and harmful elements and reducing H in the aluminum liquid2And (4) content.
(8) Adopting a high-pressure casting molding process, filling the cavity with liquid aluminum alloy at high pressure, immediately applying forging pressure when the cavity is filled with the liquid aluminum alloy and is not completely solidified, and refining grains;
(9) and (5) homogenizing the casting. Homogenizing temperature: at 495-520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12-20 h, cooling to 220-250 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging. Casting homogenizing annealing, wherein atoms are diffused in the crystal, so that chemical components in the crystal are uniform, and intragranular segregation is eliminated; meanwhile, the dissolution and diffusion of soluble intermetallic compounds and strengthening phases enriched on the boundaries of crystal grains and dendrites, and the precipitation and diffusion of supersaturated solid solutions make the casting structure uniform and the performance improved.
(10) The casting is treated by solid solution and artificial aging
Solution treatment: solid solution temperature: 475-525 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-4.5 h, and rapidly cooling in polyethylene glycol heat treatment liquid within 18 s; when the heated casting is quenched into polyethylene glycol solution, a layer of uniform liquid film playing a heat insulation role is deposited on the metal surface, and the cooling speed of the casting is reduced; along with the cooling of the workpiece, the film is gradually dissolved, so that the heat conduction on the surface of the workpiece is uniform, the deformation and cracking of a casting caused by nonuniform cooling are reduced, and the quenching efficiency is improved.
Aging treatment: the aging is carried out in an aging furnace, the aging temperature is 130-175 ℃, the aging time is 2-6 h, and the material is cooled along with the furnace after the aging time.
After homogenization, solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the high-strength cast aluminum alloy has the tensile strength of 350-500 MPa, the yield strength of 320-380 MPa and the elongation of more than 7% at room temperature.
Example 1
The ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 12.5 percent; fe: 0.3 percent; cu: 1.9 percent; mn: 0.25 percent; mg: 1.7 percent; zr: 0.01 percent; zn: 0.18 percent; ti: 0.55 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.05; the balance being aluminum.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
(1) the tilting type reflection smelting furnace melts aluminum, and NOX is lower than 60 ppm;
(2) when the furnace burden is partially melted, 12.5 percent of silicon, 0.25 percent of manganese and 1.9 percent of copper are added into the melt for smelting at 725-740 ℃;
(3) when the temperature is raised to 730-750 ℃, scattering a powdery solvent, separating slag and metal, skimming, and adding 1.7% of magnesium and 0.18% of zinc for smelting after skimming;
(4) after the temperature is increased to 740-760 ℃, 0.55 percent of titanium is added for smelting;
(5) starting an electromagnetic stirrer to stir when various components are fully dissolved together, wherein the stirring frequency is not less than 4 times, and degassing, deslagging and refining;
blowing N into the solution by using a blowing gas device arranged at the bottom of the reverberatory furnace2-Cl2Refining the mixed gas for 15 minutes, and pulling out slag after refining.
(6) By adding Zr alterant to modify the alloy, the form of silicon phase is changed, the si molecular group structure is destroyed, and the produced Al3The Zr primary crystal has small size and is dispersed and distributed, the sizes of eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon are reduced, and the maximum size of the primary crystal silicon is not more than 0.08 mm.
Uniformly spraying a modifier Zr on the surface of the melt, electromagnetically stirring, and refining gas N2Refining for 10 minutes, pulling out slag and standing.
(7) Pouring, wherein the pouring temperature is 715-725 ℃, and the mold preheating temperature is 340-350 ℃; and filtering by using a ceramic filter plate during casting.
(8) Adopting a high-pressure casting molding process, filling the cavity with liquid aluminum alloy at high pressure, immediately applying forging pressure when the cavity is filled with the liquid aluminum alloy and is not completely solidified, and refining grains;
(9) and after casting molding, homogenizing the casting. Homogenizing temperature: keeping the temperature at 510-520 ℃ for 18h, cooling to 240 ℃ with the furnace, and discharging.
(10) And carrying out solid solution and artificial aging treatment on the casting.
Solid solution temperature: keeping the temperature at 500 +/-3 ℃ for 3.5 hours, and quickly cooling the mixture in polyethylene glycol heat treatment liquid within 18 s; the aging is carried out in an aging furnace, the aging temperature is 155 +/-3 ℃, the aging time is 5 hours, and the material is cooled along with the furnace after the aging time.
After homogenizing, solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the tensile strength at room temperature of the high-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 in the embodiment 1 of the invention is as follows: 485MPa, yield strength: 360Mpa, elongation: 7.5 percent.
Example 2
The ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 10 percent; fe:0.25 percent; cu: 2.8 percent; mn: 0.3 percent; mg: 2.1 percent; zr: 0.05 percent; zn: 0.3 percent; ti: 0.2 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.05; the balance being aluminum.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
(1) the tilting type reflection smelting furnace melts aluminum, and NOX is lower than 60 ppm;
(2) after a part of furnace burden is melted, 10 percent of silicon, 0.3 percent of manganese and 2.8 percent of copper are added into the melt for smelting at the temperature of 720-740 ℃;
(3) when the temperature is increased to 740-750 ℃, scattering a powdery solvent, separating slag and metal, skimming, and adding 2.1% of magnesium and 0.30% of zinc for smelting after skimming;
(4) after the temperature is raised to 750-760 ℃, 0.2 percent of titanium is added for smelting;
(5) starting an electromagnetic stirrer to stir when various components are fully dissolved together, wherein the stirring frequency is not less than 4 times, and degassing, deslagging and refining;
blowing N into the solution by using a blowing gas device arranged at the bottom of the reverberatory furnace2-Cl2Refining the mixed gas for 12 minutes, and pulling out slag after refining.
(6) The alloy is modified by adding Zr0.05 percent modifier to change the silicon phase form, destroy the si molecular group structure and generate Al3The Zr primary crystal has small size and is dispersed and distributed, the sizes of eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon are reduced, and the maximum size of the primary crystal silicon is not more than 0.08 mm.
Uniformly spraying a modifier Zr on the surface of the melt, electromagnetically stirring, and refining gas N2Refining for 10 minutes, pulling out slag and standing.
(7) Pouring, wherein the pouring temperature is 715-725 ℃, and the mold preheating temperature is 330-340 ℃; and filtering by using a ceramic filter plate during casting.
(8) Adopting a high-pressure casting molding process, filling the cavity with liquid aluminum alloy at high pressure, immediately applying forging pressure when the cavity is filled with the liquid aluminum alloy and is not completely solidified, and refining grains;
(9) and after casting molding, homogenizing the casting. Homogenizing temperature: keeping the temperature at 510-520 ℃ for 20h, cooling to 220 ℃ with the furnace, and discharging.
(10) And carrying out solid solution and artificial aging treatment on the casting.
Solid solution temperature: the temperature is 510 plus or minus 3 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4.0 hours, and the mixture quickly enters polyethylene glycol heat treatment liquid for cooling within 18 s; the artificial aging is carried out in an aging furnace, the aging temperature is 165 ℃, the aging time is 4.5 hours, and the material is cooled along with the furnace after the aging time.
After homogenizing, solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the tensile strength at room temperature of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 in the embodiment 2 of the invention is as follows: 450MPa, yield strength: 345Mpa, elongation: 8 percent.
Example 3
The ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:7 percent; fe: 0.45 percent; cu: 3.2 percent; mn: 0.45 percent; mg: 2.5 percent; zr: 0.03 percent; zn: 0.15 percent; ti: 0.35 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.05; the balance being aluminum.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
(1) the tilting type reflection smelting furnace melts aluminum, and NOX is lower than 60 ppm;
(2) after a part of furnace burden is melted, 7 percent of silicon, 0.45 percent of manganese and 3.2 percent of copper are added into the melt for smelting at 730-740 ℃;
(3) when the temperature is increased to 740-750 ℃, scattering a powdery solvent, separating slag and metal, skimming, and adding 2.5 percent of magnesium and 0.15 percent of zinc for smelting after skimming;
(4) after the temperature is raised to 750-760 ℃, 0.35 percent of titanium is added for smelting;
(5) starting an electromagnetic stirrer to stir when various components are fully dissolved together, wherein the stirring frequency is not less than 4 times, and degassing, deslagging and refining;
blowing N into the solution by using a blowing gas device arranged at the bottom of the reverberatory furnace2-Cl2Refining the mixed gas for 15 minutes, and pulling out slag after refining.
(6) The alloy is modified by adding Zr0.03% modifier to change the silicon phase form, destroy the si molecular group structure and generate Al3The Zr primary crystal has small size and is dispersed and distributed, the sizes of eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon are reduced, and the maximum size of the primary crystal silicon is not more than 0.08 mm.
Uniformly spraying a modifier Zr on the surface of the melt, electromagnetically stirring, and refining gas N2Refining for 10 minutes, pulling out slag and standing.
(7) Pouring, wherein the pouring temperature is 720-725 ℃, and the mold preheating temperature is 340-350 ℃; and filtering by using a ceramic filter plate during casting.
(8) Adopting a high-pressure casting molding process, filling the cavity with liquid aluminum alloy at high pressure, immediately applying forging pressure when the cavity is filled with the liquid aluminum alloy and is not completely solidified, and refining grains;
(9) and after casting molding, homogenizing the casting. Homogenizing temperature: keeping the temperature for 15h at 500-510 ℃, cooling to 240 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging.
(10) And carrying out solid solution and artificial aging treatment on the casting.
Solid solution temperature: the temperature is 515 +/-3 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4.5 hours, and the mixture quickly enters polyethylene glycol heat treatment liquid for cooling within 18 s; the artificial aging is carried out in an aging furnace, the aging temperature is 160 ℃, the aging time is 3.5 hours, and the material is cooled along with the furnace after the aging time.
After homogenizing, solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the tensile strength at room temperature of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 in the embodiment 3 of the invention is as follows: the tensile strength at room temperature is as follows: 385MPa, yield strength: 330Mpa, elongation: 8.5 percent.
Example 4
The ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL450 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 9.5 percent; fe: 0.4 percent; cu: 2.3 percent; mn: 0.55 percent; mg: 2.8 percent; zr: 0.04 percent; zn: 0.25 percent; ti:0.1 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.05; the balance being aluminum.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
(1) the tilting type reflection smelting furnace melts aluminum, and NOX is lower than 60 ppm;
(2) after a part of furnace burden is melted, 9.5 percent of silicon, 0.55 percent of manganese and 2.3 percent of copper are added into the melt for smelting at the temperature of 720-740 ℃;
(3) when the temperature is raised to 730-750 ℃, scattering a powdery solvent, separating slag and metal, skimming, and adding 2.8% of magnesium and 0.25% of zinc for smelting after skimming;
(4) after the temperature is raised to 745-760 ℃, 0.10 percent of titanium is added for smelting;
(5) starting an electromagnetic stirrer to stir when various components are fully dissolved together, wherein the stirring frequency is not less than 4 times, and degassing, deslagging and refining;
blowing N into the solution by using a blowing gas device arranged at the bottom of the reverberatory furnace2-Cl2Refining the mixed gas for 14 minutes, and removing slag after refining.
(6) The alloy is modified by adding Zr0.04% modifier to change the silicon phase form, destroy the si molecular group structure and generate Al3The Zr primary crystal has small size and is dispersed and distributed, the sizes of eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon are reduced, and the maximum size of the primary crystal silicon is not more than 0.08 mm.
Uniformly spraying a modifier Zr on the surface of the melt, electromagnetically stirring, and refining gas N2Refining for 10 minutes, pulling out slag and standing.
(7) Pouring, wherein the pouring temperature is 715-725 ℃, and the mold preheating temperature is 310-330 ℃; and filtering by using a ceramic filter plate during casting.
(8) Adopting a high-pressure casting molding process, filling the cavity with liquid aluminum alloy at high pressure, immediately applying forging pressure when the cavity is filled with the liquid aluminum alloy and is not completely solidified, and refining grains;
(9) and after casting molding, homogenizing the casting. Homogenizing temperature: and (3) keeping the temperature at 505-520 ℃ for 15h, cooling to 235 ℃ with the furnace, and discharging.
(10) And (5) carrying out solution treatment on the casting. Solid solution temperature: the temperature is 525 +/-3 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3.5 hours, and the mixture quickly enters polyethylene glycol heat treatment liquid within 18 seconds to be cooled; the artificial aging is carried out in an aging furnace, the aging temperature is 155 ℃, the aging time is 3.5 hours, and the material is cooled along with the furnace after the aging time.
After homogenizing, solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the tensile strength at room temperature of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy ZL350/500 of the example 4 of the invention is as follows: 415MPa, yield strength: 335Mpa, elongation: 7.7 percent.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it should not be understood that the invention is limited to the claims, but the technical solutions obtained by using the equivalent substitution or the equivalent transformation should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 is characterized in that: si: 7-12.5%; fe: 0.25-0.45%; cu: l.9-3.2%; mn: 0.25-0.55%; mg: l.7-2.8%; zn: 0.15-0.30%; zr: 0.01-0.05%; ti: 0.10-0.55%; ni: less than or equal to 0.05; the balance being aluminum.
2. A manufacturing process of an ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the tilting type reflection smelting furnace melts aluminum, and NOX is lower than 60 ppm;
(2) after a part of furnace burden is melted, adding silicon, manganese and copper for smelting;
(3) when the temperature rises to 730-750 ℃, scattering a powdery solvent, separating slag and metal, skimming, and adding magnesium and zinc for smelting after skimming;
(4) after the temperature is increased to 740-760 ℃, titanium is added for smelting;
(5) when various components are fully dissolved together, starting an electromagnetic stirrer for stirring, and performing degassing, deslagging and refining; blowing N2-Cl2 and mixed gas into the solution by using a blowing gas device arranged at the bottom of the reverberatory furnace for refining, and drawing slag after refining;
(6) by adding Zr alterant to modify the alloy, the form of silicon phase is changed, the si molecular group structure is destroyed, and the produced Al3Small primary crystal size of ZrAnd the eutectic silicon and the primary crystal silicon are dispersed and distributed, so that the sizes of the eutectic silicon and the primary crystal silicon are reduced, and the maximum size of the primary crystal silicon is not more than 0.08 mm;
(7) pouring, filtering the solution by using a ceramic filter plate during casting;
(8) adopting a high-pressure casting molding process, filling the cavity with liquid aluminum alloy at high pressure, immediately applying forging pressure when the cavity is filled with the liquid aluminum alloy and is not completely solidified, and refining grains;
(9) homogenizing the casting;
(10) and carrying out solid solution and artificial aging treatment on the casting.
3. The manufacturing process of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), after a part of furnace burden is melted, 7 to 12.5 percent of silicon, 0.25 to 0.55 percent of manganese and 1.9 to 3.2 percent of copper are added into the melt for smelting at the temperature of 720 to 740 ℃.
4. The manufacturing process of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and (4) after slagging off in the step (3), adding 1.7-2.8% of magnesium and 0.15-0.30% of zinc for smelting.
5. The manufacturing process of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the amount of titanium added in the step (4) is 0.10-0.55%.
6. The manufacturing process of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and (3) electromagnetically stirring the solution in the step (5), wherein the refining time of the injected gas is as follows: 12-18 minutes.
7. The manufacturing process of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 as claimed in claim 2, wherein: uniformly spraying a modifier Zr on the surface of the melt in the step (6), electromagnetically stirring, and then refining gas N2Refining for 10 minutes, pulling out slag and standing.
8. The manufacturing process of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (7), the pouring temperature is 715-725 ℃, and the mould preheating temperature is 310-360 ℃.
9. The manufacturing process of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 as claimed in claim 2, wherein: homogenizing the casting in the step (9), wherein the homogenizing temperature is as follows: at 495-520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12-20 h, cooling to 220-250 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging.
10. The manufacturing process of the ultrahigh-strength cast aluminum alloy hub material ZL350/500 as claimed in claim 2, wherein: solid solution temperature in the step (10): 475-525 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-4.5 h, and rapidly cooling in polyethylene glycol heat treatment liquid within 18 s; the artificial aging is carried out in an aging furnace, the aging temperature is 130-175 ℃, the aging time is 2-6 h, and the material is cooled along with the furnace after the aging time.
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| US20190032175A1 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2019-01-31 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Aluminum alloys with grain refiners, and methods for making and using the same |
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