CN113699675A - Near-isotropic flexible composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Near-isotropic flexible composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113699675A
CN113699675A CN202111036335.5A CN202111036335A CN113699675A CN 113699675 A CN113699675 A CN 113699675A CN 202111036335 A CN202111036335 A CN 202111036335A CN 113699675 A CN113699675 A CN 113699675A
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China
Prior art keywords
composite material
warp
flexible composite
fiber
film
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CN202111036335.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑磊
刘圣千
郭杰
陈思
石彦超
吴家红
武国军
康建钊
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Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical Research Institute
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Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical Research Institute
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Priority to CN202111036335.5A priority Critical patent/CN113699675A/en
Publication of CN113699675A publication Critical patent/CN113699675A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B21/00Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/10Open-work fabrics
    • D04B21/12Open-work fabrics characterised by thread material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/045Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from artificial or synthetic material
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • D02G3/328Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic containing elastane
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/38Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06CFINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/021Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
    • D10B2321/0211Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene high-strength or high-molecular-weight polyethylene, e.g. ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene [UHMWPE]
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/06Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, or of their acetals or ketals
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • D10B2331/042Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET] aromatic polyesters, e.g. vectran
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/10Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyurethanes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to an approximately isotropic flexible composite material and a preparation method thereof. The flexible composite material is formed by integrally hot-pressing a fiber bearing unit and a film, wherein the fiber bearing unit of the composite material is composed of three groups of composite fiber filaments, and the contact position of the fiber filaments is fixed by hot melting of thermoplastic wrapping yarns. The flexible composite material uses three groups of plane bearing structures which are mutually angled and uniformly distributed in a triangular shape as bearing layers of the flexible composite material, so that the flexible composite material has the characteristic of approximate isotropy. The bearing capacity of the bearing layer is uniform along all directions, and no matter whether the bearing direction is consistent with the filament direction or not, the flexible composite material does not have an obvious weak direction for resisting shearing damage. Even the flexible composite material prepared by thinner bearing layers has better structural stability.

Description

Near-isotropic flexible composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to an approximately isotropic flexible composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The flexible composite material for the airship generally uses a 0 DEG/90 DEG two-system mutually-perpendicular filament woven fabric as a bearing layer, the plane fabric with the orthogonal structure can effectively transfer load in the filament direction, but if the bearing direction is not consistent with the filament direction, the deformation and damage resistance of the flexible composite material is greatly reduced, particularly in the 45 DEG direction. In addition, when the flexible composite material is impacted by normal external force, stress concentration is easy to occur on the material at the stressed position. Therefore, the flexible composite material made of the 0 degree/90 degree woven fabric is easy to damage when the flexible composite material is subjected to oblique external force and normal external force.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention provides an approximately isotropic flexible composite material and a preparation method thereof, which aim to solve the problem of anisotropy of a flexible composite material using a planar bidirectional woven fabric as a bearing layer.
Technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving technical problem
The approximately isotropic flexible composite material is formed by integrally hot-pressing a fiber bearing unit and a film, wherein the fiber bearing unit of the composite material consists of three groups of composite fiber filaments, and the contact positions of the fiber filaments are fixed by thermoplastic wrapping yarns in a hot melting manner.
Furthermore, the three groups of composite fiber filaments are uniformly distributed in an equilateral triangle shape.
Furthermore, the composite fiber filament is of a wrapping structure and is formed by wrapping core yarns with wrapping yarns.
Further, the film is a polyvinyl fluoride film, a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a nylon film, an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer film or a nylon/ethylene/vinyl alcohol co-extrusion film.
A method for preparing an approximately isotropic flexible composite material comprises the following steps:
s1: in the process of forming the bearing structure unit of the flexible composite material, warp yarns I are arranged in parallel at equal intervals; after the warp I is arranged, the warp II is arranged above the warp I in parallel at equal intervals, and the arrangement intervals of the warp I and the warp II are equal; the spacing range is 0.5 cm-4.0 cm, and the warp I and the warp II form a gauze with an included angle of 60 degrees;
s2: the warp I and the warp II are arranged and positioned at equal intervals through a group of guide bars respectively;
s3: laying a weft yarn at the overlapping position of the warp yarn I and the warp yarn II, wherein the first weft yarn is laid above the overlapping position of the warp yarns, and the second weft yarn is laid below the overlapping position of the warp yarns and is sequentially and repeatedly arranged; the weft yarns are arranged and positioned at equal intervals through a group of guide bars;
s4: the gauze which is laid and positioned by a compression roller in a hot pressing way enables polyvinyl formal or polyurethane fiber wrapped on the outer surface of the filament at the overlapping position of warp and weft yarns to be subjected to hot melt adhesion, so that the forming of a bearing unit is realized, and then the bearing unit is cooled and shaped by the compression roller and is wound into a coil;
s5: and carrying out integral hot pressing on the bearing unit and the flexible composite material film, carrying out hot melting on the polyvinyl formal or polyurethane fiber wrapped on the outer surface of the filament again, and carrying out hot pressing and bonding with the film to form a whole, thereby completing the preparation and forming of the flexible composite material.
Further, the hot pressing temperature of the S5 is 90-150 ℃.
Advantageous effects obtained by the present invention
The invention provides an approximately isotropic flexible composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein a simpler method is adopted to realize that the mechanical property of the flexible material is approximately isotropic, compared with the existing 0 degree/90 degree two-system woven fabric flexible composite material, the flexible composite material has a weak direction without obvious shearing damage resistance, the flexible composite material is uniformly stressed and deformed in the circumferential direction, and the flexible composite material has better structural stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a schematic view of a near isotropic flexible composite;
FIG. 2: the structural schematic diagram of the force bearing unit of the approximately isotropic flexible composite material;
FIG. 3: wrapping the structured fiber filaments;
wherein: 1-film, 2-bearing unit, 3-warp I, 4-warp II, 5-weft, 6-core yarn and 7-wrapping yarn.
Detailed Description
The flexible composite material uses three groups of plane bearing structures which are mutually angled and uniformly distributed in a triangular shape as bearing layers of the flexible composite material, so that the flexible composite material has the characteristic of approximate isotropy. The bearing capacity of the bearing layer is uniform along all directions, and no matter whether the bearing direction is consistent with the filament direction or not, the flexible composite material does not have an obvious weak direction for resisting shearing damage. When the flexible composite material is impacted by normal external force, the stress deformation of the flexible composite material in the circumferential direction is uniform, and the local stress concentration of the planar bidirectional fabric is not easy to occur. Even the flexible composite material prepared by thinner bearing layers has better structural stability.
The invention adopts the force bearing units which are distributed with three groups of filaments uniformly in an equilateral triangle as the force bearing layer of the flexible composite material, thereby realizing the approximate isotropy of the tensile property of the flexible composite material; the flexible composite material is formed by integrally hot-pressing a fiber bearing unit and a film, wherein the fiber bearing unit of the flexible composite material consists of three groups of non-interwoven composite fiber filaments with thermoplastic functions, wherein the three groups of composite fiber filaments comprise two groups of warps and one group of wefts, the three groups of composite fiber filaments are uniformly distributed in an equilateral triangle, the contact positions of the fiber filaments are fixed by hot melting through thermoplastic wrapping yarns, the fiber filaments with the thermoplastic functions are of a wrapping structure, the core yarn is any one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers and fully aromatic polyester filament fibers, and the wrapping fibers are any one of polyvinyl formal and polyurethane fibers; the film adopted by the flexible composite material comprises any one of a polyvinyl fluoride film, a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a nylon film and an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer film; the air bag material adopts an integral hot pressing process, the flexible composite material has smooth and flat appearance, good integrity and approximately isotropic mechanical property. The forming process of the bearing structure unit of the flexible composite material comprises the following steps: the warp yarns I are arranged in parallel at equal intervals; after the warp I is arranged, the warp II is arranged above the warp I in parallel at equal intervals, and the warp I and the warp II are arranged at equal intervals; the spacing range is 0.5 cm-4.0 cm, and the warp I and the warp II form a gauze with an included angle of 60 degrees; the warp I and the warp II are arranged and positioned at equal intervals through a group of guide bars respectively; laying a weft yarn at the overlapping position of the warp yarn I and the warp yarn II, wherein the first weft yarn is laid above the overlapping position of the warp yarns, and the second weft yarn is laid below the overlapping position of the warp yarns and is sequentially and repeatedly arranged; the weft yarns are arranged and positioned at equal intervals through a group of guide bars; the gauze which is laid and positioned by a compression roller in a hot pressing way enables polyvinyl formal or polyurethane fiber which is wrapped on the outer surface of the filament at the overlapping position of warp and weft yarns to be subjected to hot melting adhesion, so that the forming of a bearing unit is realized, and then the bearing unit is cooled and shaped by the compression roller and is wound into a coil; carrying out integral hot pressing on the bearing unit and the flexible composite material film, wherein the hot pressing temperature is as follows: and (3) carrying out hot melt adhesion on the polyvinyl formal or polyurethane fibers wrapped on the outer surface of the filament at the temperature of between 90 and 150 ℃, and carrying out hot press adhesion on the polyvinyl formal or polyurethane fibers and the film to form a whole, thereby completing the preparation and forming of the flexible composite material.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures 1-3 are described in detail. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only some, not all embodiments of the proposed solution. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention further explains the approximately isotropic flexible composite material and the preparation method by taking the airbag material as an example.
Example 1
The air bag material consists of a polyvinylidene fluoride film and a polyarylate fiber bearing unit wrapped by polyurethane fiber, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride has the thickness of 50 mu m, the width of 1.2m and white color. A force bearing unit: the polyarylate fibers were 400 denier filaments and the wrapped yarn was 100 denier polyurethane fibers. The side length of the equilateral triangle of the bearing unit is 2.0 cm. The 0-degree tensile strength of the air bag material is 146N/cm, the 90-degree tensile strength of the air bag material is 152N/cm, and the 45-degree tensile strength of the air bag material is 172N/cm. The thickness of the air bag material is 0.1mm, the appearance is smooth, and the size stability is good.
Example 2
The air bag material consists of a nylon, ethylene and vinyl alcohol co-extruded film and an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber bearing unit wrapped by polyethylene fibers, wherein the nylon, ethylene and vinyl alcohol co-extruded film has the thickness of 20 mu m and the width of 1.2m and is transparent. A force bearing unit: the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is a 50-denier filament, and the wrapping yarn is a 50-denier polyvinyl formal fiber. The side length of the equilateral triangle of the bearing unit is 1.5 cm. The 0-degree tensile strength of the air bag material is 176N/cm, the 90-degree tensile strength of the air bag material is 182N/cm, and the 45-degree tensile strength of the air bag material is 203N/cm. The thickness of the air bag material is 0.05mm, and the integrity is good.

Claims (9)

1. A near isotropic flexible composite characterized by: the film is formed by integrally hot-pressing a fiber bearing unit and a film, wherein the fiber bearing unit is composed of three groups of composite fiber filaments, and the contact position of the fiber filaments is fixed by thermoplastic wrapping yarns in a hot melting way.
2. The near-isotropic flexible composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the three groups of composite fiber filaments are uniformly distributed in an equilateral triangle shape.
3. The near-isotropic flexible composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the composite fiber filament is of a wrapping structure and is formed by wrapping core yarns with wrapping yarns.
4. The near-isotropic flexible composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the film is a polyvinyl fluoride film, a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a nylon film, an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer film or a nylon/ethylene/vinyl alcohol co-extrusion film.
5. A method for preparing an approximately isotropic flexible composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: in the process of forming the force bearing structure unit of the flexible composite material, warp I is arranged in parallel at equal intervals, warp II is arranged above the warp I in parallel at equal intervals, the arrangement intervals of the warp I and the warp II are equal, and the warp I and the warp II form a gauze with an included angle of 60 degrees;
s2: the warp I and the warp II are arranged and positioned at equal intervals through a group of guide bars respectively;
s3: laying a weft yarn at the overlapping position of the warp yarn I and the warp yarn II, wherein the first weft yarn is laid above the overlapping position of the warp yarns, the second weft yarn is laid below the overlapping position of the warp yarns and is sequentially and repeatedly arranged, and the weft yarns are arranged and positioned at equal intervals through a group of guide bars;
s4: the gauze which is laid and positioned by a compression roller in a hot pressing way enables polyvinyl formal or polyurethane fiber wrapped on the outer surface of the filament at the overlapping position of warp and weft yarns to be subjected to hot melt adhesion, so that the forming of a bearing unit is realized, and then the bearing unit is cooled and shaped by the compression roller and is wound into a coil;
s5: and carrying out integral hot pressing on the bearing unit and the air bag material film, carrying out hot melting on the polyvinyl formal or polyurethane fiber wrapped on the outer surface of the filament again, and carrying out hot pressing and bonding with the film to form a whole, thereby completing the preparation and forming of the flexible composite material.
6. The method for preparing the approximately isotropic flexible composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spacing between the warp yarn I and the warp yarn II of S1 is in the range of 0.5 cm-4.0 cm.
7. The method of preparing a near-isotropic flexible composite as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the hot pressing temperature of the S5 is 90-150 ℃.
8. The near-isotropic flexible composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the core yarn is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, aromatic polyamide fiber or wholly aromatic polyester filament fiber.
9. The near-isotropic flexible composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the wrapping yarn is polyvinyl formal fiber or polyurethane fiber.
CN202111036335.5A 2021-09-06 2021-09-06 Near-isotropic flexible composite material and preparation method thereof Pending CN113699675A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101994259A (en) * 2010-10-13 2011-03-30 东华大学 Three-dimensional orthogonal spun linen reinforced polypropylene composite material
CN102747532A (en) * 2012-07-16 2012-10-24 上海劲纬高强纤维有限公司 Heat-setting multi-axis fabric
CN203960501U (en) * 2014-05-21 2014-11-26 香港中大实业有限公司 Knitted fabric and knitting footwear
CN105088510A (en) * 2015-09-15 2015-11-25 常州市新创复合材料有限公司 Method for producing multiaxial mixed braided fabric
CN109183249A (en) * 2018-11-13 2019-01-11 江南大学 A kind of resistance to bursting fabric and its weaving method
CN209971772U (en) * 2018-12-06 2020-01-21 内蒙合成化工研究所 Hybrid-woven bearing structure of aerostat capsule material

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101994259A (en) * 2010-10-13 2011-03-30 东华大学 Three-dimensional orthogonal spun linen reinforced polypropylene composite material
CN102747532A (en) * 2012-07-16 2012-10-24 上海劲纬高强纤维有限公司 Heat-setting multi-axis fabric
CN203960501U (en) * 2014-05-21 2014-11-26 香港中大实业有限公司 Knitted fabric and knitting footwear
CN105088510A (en) * 2015-09-15 2015-11-25 常州市新创复合材料有限公司 Method for producing multiaxial mixed braided fabric
CN109183249A (en) * 2018-11-13 2019-01-11 江南大学 A kind of resistance to bursting fabric and its weaving method
CN209971772U (en) * 2018-12-06 2020-01-21 内蒙合成化工研究所 Hybrid-woven bearing structure of aerostat capsule material

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