CN113698749A - Biodegradable mulching film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biodegradable mulching film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113698749A CN113698749A CN202111072169.4A CN202111072169A CN113698749A CN 113698749 A CN113698749 A CN 113698749A CN 202111072169 A CN202111072169 A CN 202111072169A CN 113698749 A CN113698749 A CN 113698749A
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- mulching film
- biodegradable
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- lignin
- chitosan
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2497/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention provides a biodegradable mulching film, which is a degradable environment-friendly agricultural mulching film with simple configuration, convenient preparation and easily available raw materials and can be widely applied to agriculture, forestry, Xinjiang and other arid areas in China by utilizing shells of more marine arthropods in coastal cities in Guangxi to fuse chitosan materials.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of mulching films for agriculture, in particular to a biodegradable mulching film and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
With the increasing shortage of petroleum resources, the white pollution and the greenhouse effect are gradually increased, and the biopolymer material using renewable biomass resources as raw materials becomes a hot spot for the development of the current material field. The biological polymer material is an environment-friendly new material, mainly takes plants as raw materials, and is obtained by microbial synthesis, such as Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PIA) and the like, through the chemical synthesis of microbial synthetic monomers. Polyhydroxybutyrate valerate (PHBV) is one of PHA, is a copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate, has the characteristics of good biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, long bioabsorption period and the like, and can be applied to the fields of medical materials (suture threads and bone nails), film materials (mulching films, shopping bags and compost bags), disposable articles (pens and tableware), packaging materials (particularly food packaging) and the like. Since 1970, China introduced a plastic film mulching planting technology for the first time from Japan, and by the technology of plastic film mulching vegetation, the most water resources available for irrigation in northeast and northwest regions were efficiently and comprehensively utilized, the frost-free period in temperate regions was prolonged, a comfortable environment was provided for southern double-cropping rice crops and the like, and the effects of increasing both production and income were achieved.
At present, under the trend of developing an environment-friendly society, the development trend of agricultural mulching films is to eliminate plastic mulching films and develop degradable environment-friendly mulching films with better water resistance. The multifunctional degradable liquid mulching film is prepared with brown coal, weathered coal or peat as main material and through modifying papermaking black liquid, seaweed effluent, brewing effluent or starch effluent, crosslinking lignin, cellulose and polysaccharide with the aid of crosslinking agent to form polymer structure, and mixing with additive, silicon fertilizer, trace elements, pesticide and herbicide. For example, Chinese patent application CN101508791B discloses a method for producing biodegradable plastic filmA process for preparing biodegradable plastic film from Ecoflex and PHBV includes such steps as mixing PHBV polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (5-50%) with Ecoflex aliphatic-aromatic random copolyester (50-95%), and adding CaCO (5 wt.%)3The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method has simple process and easy operation, the produced film can be completely decomposed into water, carbon dioxide and organic matters under the action of soil microorganisms, has no pollution, can be widely applied to agricultural mulching films, packaging bags (food packaging, industrial packaging) and the like, and is a green environment-friendly product. However, this film has certain drawbacks: when the material is applied to packaging materials, the performance of the material in the aspects of heat resistance and toughness is not ideal, and the application range of the material is narrowed.
However, with the development of time, the introduced 'white revolution' deviates from the expected orbit, the commonly used mulching film is polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, the mulching film can only be abandoned in ridges after being used, plastic particles can be remained in soil after long-time weathering, a large amount of residual mulching film is accumulated, the ecological environment of the local area is damaged, and the continuous harm is caused to the local agriculture. Therefore, the method is very important for strengthening the protection construction of the cultivated land, strengthening the sustainable co-development of the cultivated land environment, protecting the local ecology, keeping the cultivated land property and improving the soil fertility by regulating the limit value standard of the residual quantity of the waste mulching film in the cultivated land.
Therefore, at present, a novel mulching film is urgently needed to be found, plastic particles are not generated, the mulching film can still keep warm and moisturize, the frost-free period of crops is prolonged, the near-field photothermal condition is improved, the mulching film plays a role to the maximum extent under the condition that mutual root growth promoting effect is realized on the plants, fertilizers required by plant growth can still be provided in a degradation mode after the mulching film is used, and irreversible damage of the plastic particles to human bodies and local water bodies is reduced.
[ summary of the invention ]
Aiming at the serious reality of the problems that the prior large-area cultivated land in China uses polyethylene mulching films, but the waste mulching films have difficult recovery, extremely long degradation time and more sequelae and great harm to local water bodies, vegetation and the masses, the invention provides the biodegradable mulching film and the preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a biodegradable mulching film comprises the following steps:
1) preparing lignin: crushing bagasse, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, cleaning with ultrapure water for 2-3 times, removing sucrose and other soluble impurities, drying, and grinding to obtain bagasse fine powder;
preparing a p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating to 45-50 ℃, adding bagasse fine powder according to the material ratio of 1:40, stirring for 5-10min, carrying out vacuum filtration, diluting a filtrate (the p-TsOH aqueous solution containing dissolved lignin) with distilled water until the mass fraction is 4%, precipitating a large amount of lignin at the moment, washing the precipitate with distilled water to neutrality, and freeze-drying to obtain the lignin;
2) melting and blending the lignin and PHBV obtained in the step 1), adding a paper pulp waste liquid foaming agent, preparing a sheet material by a mould pressing method, and crushing the sheet material into powder of 40 meshes;
3) uniformly mixing the materials obtained in the previous step with chitosan, and heating to melt;
4) adding degradable tough hydrogel into the material obtained in the previous step, continuously melting and blending for 5-6min, and then preparing the molten material into a biodegradable mulching film by a full-automatic agricultural mulching film machine;
the raw materials are according to the mass ratio of lignin (17.6-33.9), PHBV (46.2-67.1), chitosan (11.6-26.4), a pulp waste liquid foaming agent (5.2-9.4) and degradable tough hydrogel (9.7-21.3).
In the invention:
the PHBV in the step 2) is a semi-crystalline polymer, is derived from the biological fermentation of Alcaligenes, takes starch as a raw material and is a material with the most excellent comprehensive performance in biodegradable Plastics (PHAs).
The chitosan in the step 3) is prepared by cleaning shells of shrimps, crabs and insects with clear water, adding Chitin Deacetylase (CDA) extracted from Colletotrichun Lindethianum of Deuteromycetes (the enzyme is beneficial to more economical and biological conversion of chitin into chitosan, and the bacteria can be directly utilized without purification), and removing more than 55% of acetyl groups of chitin to obtain the chitosan.
And 3) heating and melting, namely uniformly mixing the materials and the chitosan in the previous step, adding the mixture into a discharging hopper, feeding the mixture into a screw rod by means of the weight of the mixture, and pushing the mixture forwards by using a rotating inclined edge to generate a thrust force perpendicular to the inclined edge surface to the mixture after the mixture is contacted with the inclined edge of the thread, wherein in the pushing process, the mixture is gradually melted by heating the outside of a charging barrel due to the friction between the mixture and the screw rod and the cylinder and the collision and friction between the mixture.
And 4) preparing the biodegradable mulching film from the molten material through the full-automatic agricultural mulching film, filtering the molten material through a machine head of the full-automatic agricultural mulching film machine to remove impurities, discharging the molten material from a die head die orifice, cooling the molten material through a boiler ring, blowing the molten material, coiling the molten material through a herringbone plate and a traction roller, and coiling a finished film into a barrel to obtain the biodegradable mulching film.
The raw materials comprise lignin, PHBV, chitosan, a pulp waste liquid foaming agent and degradable tough hydrogel according to a mass ratio of 28.4:55.8:19.6:5.2: 18.1.
In the preparation method of the biodegradable mulching film, the functions of the components are as follows:
lignin: the raw material is taken from the exotic invasive plant jatropha curcas in Guangxi, is a highly renewable resource, has wide sources and huge yield, and the jatropha curcas has various purposes, the hard tissue of the jatropha curcas is a polymer formed by randomly polymerizing phenyl propane units to form one of main components of a plant skeleton, and the jatropha curcas has a three-dimensional network structure, good rigidity, is not easy to rot when meeting water, has high biological safety, and can be completely degraded after being used under the action of microorganisms for a long time in the soil.
PHBV: copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate, one of aliphatic polyester, thermoplastic biodegradable material prepared by biofermentation with starch as raw material; PHBV is used as a material matrix, lignin is used as a reinforcing material, and substances such as chitosan and the like are added to enhance the extension flexibility of the material, so that the material cannot be broken due to watering moisture when covering crops, namely the material has better stability in a moisture environment, has the dynamic performance and the processing performance similar to petroleum-based general plastic, has good biocompatibility, can be completely explained by bacteria and fungi in soil, and finally, the degradation products are carbon dioxide and water.
And (3) chitosan: the deacetylated product of chitin is the most important derivative of chitin, widely exists in plant fungi, arthropods, insect shells, shellfish, mollusk shells, cartilage and the like, is a natural high molecular compound which is highly recyclable and renewable resource and has the yield second to that of lignocellulose, and can be dissolved in slightly acidic environment soil and decomposed by microorganisms; by adding chitosan, the tensile strength and permeability of the mulching film are improved, and the evaporation of water on the ground surface is reduced.
Foaming agent of paper pulp waste liquid: on the premise of not influencing the physical and chemical properties and curing time of the mulching film, a foaming agent with chemical inertness is added to increase intermolecular gaps of the mulching film and increase the toughness and elasticity of the mulching film to reduce brittleness.
Degradable tough hydrogel: through the action of external force, the elasticity of the mulching film is increased by changing a cross-linking agent into N-N' di (acryloyl) cystamine (BACA) with disulfide bond-sulfhydryl exchange, the defect that PHBV is easy to break is changed, chitosan with good biocompatibility is used as a bridging network, and the hydrogel and different tissue components are successfully formed into effective bonding.
The invention also relates to a biodegradable mulching film obtained by the preparation method of the biodegradable mulching film. The nominal thickness of the obtained degradable mulching film is 0.017mm, the right-angle tearing load is 1.4N, the tensile load is 2.8N, and the fracture nominal strain is 312 (according to 5.5 mechanical property tests in GB 13735-2017).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the biodegradable mulching film disclosed by the invention utilizes invasive species jatropha curcas and sugarcane outside the Guangxi region as raw materials, and the main functions of the jatropha curcas and the sugarcane are used for oil pressing and sugar making.
2. The biodegradable mulching film disclosed by the invention is prepared from the abundant arthropod resources in the coastal areas of Guangxi and the low-price products after cane sugar is prepared, so that the utilization value of agricultural solid wastes is improved, the highly renewable resources are utilized, the research and development and manufacturing costs can be saved, local special resources are fully utilized, and the renewable resource consumption is reduced.
3. The biodegradable mulching film disclosed by the invention is excellent in various performances and easy to obtain materials, most raw materials are derived from wastes in the biological world, and the biodegradable mulching film can be completely degraded without any residual substance, so that hardening and hardening of cultivated land are not caused, and the condition that the local natural environment is not influenced is avoided.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a biodegradable mulching film comprises the following steps:
1) preparing lignin: crushing bagasse, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, cleaning with ultrapure water for 3 times, removing sucrose and other soluble impurities, drying, and grinding to obtain bagasse fine powder;
preparing a p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating to 50 ℃, adding bagasse fine powder according to the material ratio of 1:40, stirring for 5min, carrying out vacuum filtration, diluting the filtrate with distilled water until the mass fraction is 4%, precipitating and separating out a large amount of lignin, washing the precipitate with distilled water to neutrality, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain the lignin;
2) melting and blending the lignin and PHBV obtained in the step 1), adding a paper pulp waste liquid foaming agent, preparing a sheet material by a mould pressing method, and crushing the sheet material into powder of 40 meshes;
3) uniformly mixing the materials and chitosan, adding the mixture into a discharging hopper, feeding the mixture into a screw rod by means of the weight of the mixture, and pushing the mixture forwards by using a rotating inclined edge to generate a thrust force perpendicular to the inclined edge surface to the mixture after the mixture is contacted with the inclined edge of the thread;
the chitosan is prepared by cleaning shrimp, crab and insect shell with clear water, adding Chitin Deacetylase (CDA) extracted from Colletotrichun lindlemianum of Deuteromycetes, and removing acetyl of chitin by more than 55% to obtain chitosan;
4) adding degradable tough hydrogel into the material obtained in the previous step, continuously melting and blending for 5min, filtering the melted material through a machine head of a full-automatic agricultural mulching film machine to remove impurities, discharging the material from a die head die orifice, cooling the material through a boiler air ring, blowing, coiling the material through a herringbone plate and a traction roller, and coiling a finished film into a barrel to obtain a biodegradable mulching film;
the raw materials comprise lignin, PHBV, chitosan, a pulp waste liquid foaming agent and degradable tough hydrogel according to a mass ratio of 28.4:55.8:19.6:5.2: 18.1.
As a result:
| GB 13735-2017 | example 1 | |
| Item | 0.015≤d0＜0.020 | 0.015≤d0＜0.020 |
| Tensile load (longitudinal, transverse)/N | ≥2.2 | ≥2.8 |
| Nominal strain at break (longitudinal, transverse)/% | ≥300 | ≥312 |
| Right angle tear load (longitudinal, transverse)/N | ≥1.2 | ≥1.4 |
Example 2:
a biodegradable mulching film is prepared from lignin, PHBV, chitosan, a paper pulp waste liquid foaming agent and degradable tough hydrogel according to the mass ratio of 31.2kg to 57.0kg to 25.5kg to 6.5kg to 9.7 kg;
the preparation method of the spray for the biodegradable mulching film is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 3:
a biodegradable mulching film is prepared from lignin, PHBV, chitosan, a paper pulp waste liquid foaming agent and degradable tough hydrogel according to the mass ratio of 25.8kg, 46.2kg, 26.4kg, 7.7kg and 11.6 kg;
the preparation method of the spray for the biodegradable mulching film is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 4:
a biodegradable mulching film is prepared from lignin, PHBV, chitosan, a paper pulp waste liquid foaming agent and degradable tough hydrogel according to the mass ratio of 33.9kg to 62.4kg to 15.8kg to 9.4kg to 15.9 kg;
the preparation method of the spray for the biodegradable mulching film is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 5:
a biodegradable mulching film is prepared from lignin, PHBV, chitosan, a paper pulp waste liquid foaming agent and degradable tough hydrogel according to the mass ratio of 17.6kg to 67.1kg to 11.6kg to 8.5kg to 21.3 kg;
the preparation method of the spray for the biodegradable mulching film is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 1:
biodegradable mulch film, lacking PHBV compared to example 1, was otherwise the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2:
the biodegradable mulch film, compared to example 1, lacks lignin, otherwise as in example 1.
Comparative example 3:
the biodegradable mulch film, in contrast to example 1, lacks chitosan, otherwise the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4:
compared with the example 1, the biodegradable mulching film lacks a pulp waste liquid foaming agent, and the other steps are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 5:
the biodegradable mulch film, compared to example 1, lacks degradable tough hydrogel, otherwise as in example 1.
Experimental example 1: and (3) observing the degradation progress of the mulching film:
by adopting an eye measurement method, the change conditions of the color, the form and the surface integrity of the mulching film are observed and recorded periodically from the start of the mulching film:
and (3) degradation stage division:
the induction period refers to the time of natural hole seams of less than or equal to 2cm at a plurality of positions (3 positions and more than 3 positions of the mulching film per 1 m) of the mulching film on the ridge surface;
the cracking period refers to the time of natural pore gaps of >2cm and <20cm on the ridge surface mulching film;
the large cracking period refers to the time when natural pore gaps of more than or equal to 20cm appear on the ridge surface mulching film;
in the fragmentation period, the mulching film on the ridge (furrow) surface is fragmented, and the area of the largest mulching film fragment is less than or equal to 16cm2The time of (d);
the non-film period refers to the time when no mulching film residue is basically seen on the ridge surface.
Degradation test the degradation degree of the mulching film is represented by the following symbols to show the degradation effect in the same period (120 d): the "x" indicates that no degradation effect is present "+" indicates that a degradation effect starts, but not significant "+ +" indicates that a degradation phenomenon is significant "+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +" indicates that a degradation effect is significant and a rate is fast.
Soil humidity: in the laboratory, 100mL measuring cups are respectively covered with a test mulching film, the test mulching film is placed at room temperature, and the degree of water evaporation is regularly observed; in addition, taking a mixed soil sample of 0-10cm below the membrane for multiple times, respectively weighing the mass of the fresh soil and the mass of the air-dried soil, and calculating the water content of the air-dried soil base.
And (3) residual film investigation: after the peanuts are harvested, randomly selecting a 0.80m multiplied by 1.25m square for each cell, collecting the residual mulch of a plough layer with 10cm of soil, cleaning, airing and weighing.
The product prepared in the examples and comparative examples has the following performance test parameters:
table 1:
experimental example 2:
in the preparation of the lignin in the step 1), referring to the example 1, the influence of the bagasse fine powder added in the step 1) according to different material ratios on the effect of the finally obtained biodegradable mulching film is researched, and the experiment for observing the degradation progress of the mulching film is referred to the experimental example 1 (taking the 120d experiment effect as an example).
And (4) analyzing results:
1. through the examples 1-5, we can see that the examples are superior to the comparative examples, wherein the example 1 has the best effect as a finished mulching film product, has better rigidity and is not easy to break, can be completely explained in soil through ploughing and ploughing at 180 days, has no mulching film fragments visible to naked eyes, and inhibits the infection of crop cell viruses to a certain extent by adding chitosan. Through adding abundant biological resources produced by Guangxi local products, the near-terrestrial heat insulation and moisture retention performance of the mulching film is improved from the three aspects of water retention, rigidity and surface property, the service life is prolonged, the manufacturing cost of enterprises is reduced, and the complete degradation product of the mulching film is CO2And H2And O, the pollution of the mulching film is effectively reduced under the condition of not polluting local cultivated land conditions, and the applicability of the farmland is improved.
2. By way of comparative example 1, we can see that PHBV, as a primary linking component of the present application, has an unnecessarily low impact, lacks PHBV material, is structurally dispersed, and does not possess the most basic film-forming properties of the material.
3. By the comparative example 2, the lignin is removed, so that the usable time of the mulching film is shortened, the heat preservation and moisture preservation cannot be provided for a long time, the frost-free period of crops cannot be prolonged, and the effect of maintaining the near-terrestrial heat condition is poor.
4. By the comparative example 3, the chitosan is removed, the moisture of the mulching film near the ground is seriously evaporated, the growth of the covered crops is not facilitated, the gas exchange rate is reduced, the tensile strength of the mulching film is reduced, and the operation process of mulching film covering is not facilitated.
5. From comparative example 4, we can see that the mulching film to which no pulp waste liquid foaming agent is added has an excessively large surface tension, a poor melt blending effect of the liquid material, no fine pore compound is formed in the polymer, and the availability of local waste paper resources is improved.
6. By comparative example 5, we can see that the water evaporation of soil is severe without adding degradable tough hydrogel, and no effective water retention measure is formed.
7. Through the comparison example, the chitosan and the lignin play an indispensable part in the material, and are all collected from abundant marine shellfish and crab resources in coastal areas of Guangxi, recyclable waste left after sugar extraction process and Guangxi foreign invasive species, so that the development and manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the recyclable waste can be fully utilized; the surface property of the paper pulp waste liquid is changed by adding the foaming agent of the paper pulp waste liquid, and the performance of the paper pulp waste liquid is improved; the lignin has wide sources, achieves the effects of storing and slowly releasing water by pre-treating the lignin and utilizing the unique three-dimensional network structure polymer of the plant, is not easy to rot when meeting water, provides a strong plant skeleton, and has high biological safety; the addition of chitosan improves the rigidity and the strength of the mulching film and prolongs the service life of the mulching film.
8. From experimental example 2, we can see that: in the preparation of the lignin in the step 1), the effect of the finally obtained biodegradable mulching film is greatly influenced by adding the bagasse fine powder according to different material ratios, the addition of a proper amount of lignin can enhance the toughness of the finished mulching film and prolong the service time, lignin with an excessively low specific gravity can exist between ridges of the ground in an incompletely degraded state within a proper growth time of crops, the degradation speed of the mulching film within a proper time is prolonged, and the growth of the crops is not facilitated; the lignin with excessive specific gravity leads the finished mulching film to have excessive toughness, the degradation difficulty is increased within a fixed time, and the mulching film is difficult to be cleaned once a season, so the method is not adopted.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a biodegradable mulching film is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing lignin: crushing bagasse, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, cleaning with ultrapure water for 2-3 times, removing sucrose and other soluble impurities, drying, and grinding to obtain bagasse fine powder;
preparing a p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating to 45-50 ℃, adding bagasse fine powder according to the material ratio of 1:40, stirring for 5-10min, carrying out vacuum filtration, diluting the filtrate with distilled water until the mass fraction is 4%, precipitating and separating out a large amount of lignin, washing the precipitate with distilled water to neutrality, and freeze-drying to obtain the lignin;
2) melting and blending the lignin and PHBV obtained in the step 1), adding a paper pulp waste liquid foaming agent, preparing a sheet material by a mould pressing method, and crushing the sheet material into powder of 40 meshes;
3) uniformly mixing the materials obtained in the previous step with chitosan, and heating to melt;
4) adding degradable tough hydrogel into the material obtained in the previous step, continuously melting and blending for 5-6min, and then preparing the molten material into a biodegradable mulching film by a full-automatic agricultural mulching film machine;
the raw materials are according to the mass ratio of lignin (17.6-33.9), PHBV (46.2-67.1), chitosan (11.6-26.4), a pulp waste liquid foaming agent (5.2-9.4) and degradable tough hydrogel (9.7-21.3).
2. The preparation method of the biodegradable mulch film according to claim 1, wherein: the chitosan in the step 3) is prepared by cleaning shells of shrimps, crabs and insects with clear water, adding chitin deacetylase extracted from Colletotrichun Lindethianum of Deuteromycetes, and removing acetyl of chitin by more than 55% to obtain chitosan.
3. The preparation method of the biodegradable mulch film according to claim 1, wherein: and 3) heating and melting, namely uniformly mixing the materials and the chitosan in the previous step, adding the mixture into a discharging hopper, feeding the mixture into a screw rod by means of the weight of the mixture, and pushing the mixture forwards by using a rotating inclined edge to generate a thrust force perpendicular to the inclined edge surface to the mixture after the mixture is contacted with the inclined edge of the thread, wherein in the pushing process, the mixture is gradually melted by heating the outside of a charging barrel due to the friction between the mixture and the screw rod and the cylinder and the collision and friction between the mixture.
4. The preparation method of the biodegradable mulch film according to claim 1, wherein: and 4) preparing the biodegradable mulching film from the molten material through the full-automatic agricultural mulching film, filtering the molten material through a machine head of the full-automatic agricultural mulching film machine to remove impurities, discharging the molten material from a die head die orifice, cooling the molten material through a boiler ring, blowing the molten material, coiling the molten material through a herringbone plate and a traction roller, and coiling a finished film into a barrel to obtain the biodegradable mulching film.
5. The preparation method of the biodegradable mulch film according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise lignin, PHBV, chitosan, a pulp waste liquid foaming agent and degradable tough hydrogel according to a mass ratio of 28.4:55.8:19.6:5.2: 18.1.
6. A biodegradable mulching film is characterized in that: the biodegradable mulching film is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-5.
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