CN113681237A - Continuous friction weak standard welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpiece - Google Patents
Continuous friction weak standard welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN113681237A CN113681237A CN202110926279.6A CN202110926279A CN113681237A CN 113681237 A CN113681237 A CN 113681237A CN 202110926279 A CN202110926279 A CN 202110926279A CN 113681237 A CN113681237 A CN 113681237A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009721 upset forging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous friction weak standard welding method for an ultrahigh-strength steel large workpiece, which comprises the following steps of: processing the annealed D50Re blank into a welding sub-part, and clamping the welding sub-part on a friction welding machine; processing the sub-parts into part blanks by three-stage pressure friction welding according to the equivalent diameter friction linear velocity of 1.0-2.5 m/s; and (4) machining the part blank to remove flash, thus obtaining the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part. The invention can produce large D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex parts with different specifications, greatly improves the material utilization rate and the production efficiency and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction welding, and particularly relates to a continuous friction weak standard welding method for an ultrahigh-strength steel large-sized workpiece.
Background
The D50Re steel is novel ultrahigh-strength steel developed for rocket deep blind hole shells, elements W, V, Nb and the like are added on the basis of medium alloy steel containing Cr, Ni, Mo and Si to improve the strength through solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, a high toughness level is obtained through reasonable configuration of Cr, Ni, Mo, Si, W and V, and the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1600 Mpa. Due to the limitation of the existing manufacturing process, large ultrahigh-strength steel components with complex shapes, such as step shafts (with the cross-sectional area of 100000 mm)22000-3000 mm long), the manufacturing process of forging solid bar stock and integral machining is adopted, and the problems of low material utilization rate, long production period, high cost and the like exist.
Friction welding, as a high-quality, precise, efficient, and energy-saving solid-state welding technique, has been applied to high-tech fields such as aviation, aerospace, nuclear industry, marine development, and the like, and has become the most reliable and reliable welding method for important parts such as an aircraft engine rotor. The friction welding replaces the integral forging processing for the welding manufacture of the rocket deep blind hole shell, and provides technical potential and application prospect.
The friction welding process parameter range is divided into a strong standard and a weak standard in general: strong standard means large friction pressure, low rotation speed, short friction time; the weak specification refers to low friction pressure, high rotational speed, long friction time. High production efficiency of strong standard welding, short high temperature retention time of a welding area and a near area thereof, fine structure and good toughness of a joint, but the sectional area is 100000mm2The large-scale workpiece needs huge friction welding equipment, which is a fatal obstacle for the development of friction welding of the large-scale workpiece at present. The weak standard is suitable for welding the ultra-high strength steel weak standard with a larger section when the capacity of the equipment is fixedThe typical friction welding is not sufficient and there is no description in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a continuous friction weak standard welding method for large ultrahigh-strength steel workpieces, which can be used for producing large D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex parts with different specifications according to the friction welding requirement of large-section solid D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex workpieces, greatly improves the material utilization rate and the production efficiency, and reduces the production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the continuous friction weak standard welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel large workpiece comprises the following steps:
processing the annealed D50Re blank into a welding sub-part, and clamping the welding sub-part on a friction welding machine;
processing the sub-parts into part blanks by three-stage pressure friction welding according to the equivalent diameter friction linear velocity of 1.0-2.5 m/s;
and (4) machining the part blank to remove flash, thus obtaining the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part.
Further, the three-stage pressure friction welding process includes: primary pressure friction preheating, secondary pressure friction heating and tertiary pressure upset forging welding.
Further, the primary friction pressure is 10-20 Mpa, the friction time is 25-35 s, and the peak torque is controlled; the secondary friction pressure is 25-45 Mpa, and the friction is continued until the temperature of the outer surface of the friction interface is more than or equal to 1180 ℃; the three-stage friction pressure is 110-150 Mpa, and the upsetting and holding time is more than or equal to 60 s.
Furthermore, in the three-stage pressure upsetting welding process, the upsetting shortening is more than or equal to 10 mm.
Further, the upsetting shrinkage is 18-41 mm.
And further, annealing the part blank in a furnace at the annealing temperature of 650-800 ℃, keeping the temperature, discharging the part blank out of the furnace, and air-cooling the part blank to the room temperature.
Further, the annealing temperature is 780 +/-10 ℃, the temperature equalization time is 1-2 hours, and the heat preservation time is 3-6 hours.
Furthermore, in the annealing treatment process, the heat preservation time is adjusted according to the wall thickness size and is calculated according to the wall thickness of not less than 2 min/mm.
Further, the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part is subjected to performance heat treatment.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention realizes the weak standard friction welding of the ultrahigh-strength steel on large-scale workpieces, and has important significance for the development of large-section friction welding technology. Aiming at the requirement of friction welding of a large-section solid D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex workpiece, the method can be used for producing 5000-100000mm solid section area2D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex parts of different specifications greatly improve material utilization rate and production efficiency and reduce production cost.
Based on the three-level pressure friction welding process, the invention realizes the weak friction standard welding of the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel workpiece, reduces the friction pressure and the upsetting pressure so as to reduce the friction torque and the equipment upsetting load, and has important significance for the innovation of the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel workpiece friction welding process and the development of welding equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a continuous friction weak standard welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpieces in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a grain size diagram of the weld zone of the D50Re ultra-high strength steel complex part in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a grain size diagram of the heat affected zone of the D50Re ultra-high strength steel complex part in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3c is a grain size diagram of the parent material of the complex part made of D50Re ultra-high strength steel in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of a D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a grain size diagram of the weld zone of the D50Re ultra-high strength steel complex part in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a grain size diagram of the heat affected zone of the D50Re ultra-high strength steel complex part in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5c is a grain size diagram of the parent material of the complex part made of D50Re ultra-high strength steel in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description sufficiently illustrates specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice and reproduce it.
Aiming at the requirements of friction welding of complex workpieces of large-section solid D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel, a three-stage pressurizing friction welding process is adopted, namely, primary pressure friction preheating, secondary pressure friction heating and three-stage pressure upset forging welding are carried out, the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel workpieces are obtained by welding through process measures of greatly reducing friction pressure, controlling friction time, optimizing upset forging pressure and the like, the yield strength Rm of the mechanical property of a joint after heat treatment is not less than 1660Mpa, the specified plastic elongation strength Rp0.2 (the corresponding strength value when the plastic elongation is 0.2%) is not less than 1330Mpa, the elongation A after fracture is not less than 8%, the reduction Z of area is not less than 40%, and the impact absorption energy KU of a U-shaped notch sample under a 2mm hammer edge2Not only meets the standard requirement of the D50Re ultrahigh strength steel forged material, but also has the actually measured mechanical property equivalent to that of the base material.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a continuous friction weak standard welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpieces in the invention.
The continuous friction weak standard welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpiece specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: processing the annealed D50Re blank into a welding sub-part, and clamping the welding sub-part on a friction welding machine;
step 2: processing the sub-parts into part blanks by three-stage pressure friction welding according to the equivalent diameter friction linear velocity of 1.0-2.5 m/s;
step 21: the first-stage pressure friction preheating is carried out,
the first-stage friction pressure is 10-20 Mpa, the friction time is 25-35 s, and the peak torque is controlled;
step 22: performing secondary pressure friction heating;
the secondary friction pressure is 25-45 Mpa, and the friction is continued until the temperature of the outer surface of the friction interface is more than or equal to 1180 ℃;
step 23: and (5) performing three-stage pressure upset forging welding.
The three-stage friction pressure is 110-150 Mpa, the upsetting and holding time is more than or equal to 60s, in the preferred embodiment, the upsetting shortening is more than or equal to 10mm, and the upsetting shortening is preferably 18-41 mm.
And step 3: annealing the part blank in a furnace at the annealing temperature of 650-800 ℃, taking the part blank out of the furnace and air-cooling the part blank to room temperature after temperature equalization and heat preservation;
in order to enhance the processing performance of the material, annealing treatment is carried out after the workpiece is welded; in a preferred embodiment, the annealing temperature is 780 +/-10 ℃, the temperature equalizing time is 1-2 hours, the heat preservation time is 3-6 hours (calculated according to the wall thickness of not less than 2 min/mm), and the heat preservation time is adjusted according to the wall thickness size and calculated according to the wall thickness of not less than 2 min/mm.
And 4, step 4: and (4) machining the part blank annealed after welding to remove flash, and performing performance heat treatment to obtain the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part.
In order to further enhance the strength of the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part, performance heat treatment is carried out after flash removal.
Example 1
Specification of welding parts: Φ 100mm × 105mm, welding area: 7850mm2。
1. Processing the annealed forging stock with the performance meeting the requirements into a welding sub part according to a drawing;
2. clamping the sub-parts on a 130-ton friction welding machine;
3. welding the sub-parts into part blanks according to the friction linear speed of the equivalent diameter of 1.0m/s and the following process parameters:
firstly, preheating by first-stage pressure friction;
the first-stage friction pressure is 15MPa, and the friction time is 30 s.
Secondly, friction heating under pressure;
the secondary friction pressure is 30Mpa, the friction time is 210s, and the temperature of the outer surface of the friction interface is 1180 ℃;
and thirdly, performing three-stage pressure upset forging welding.
The three-stage friction pressure is 130Mpa, the upsetting and holding time is more than 60s, and the upsetting shrinkage is more than or equal to 10 mm.
4. Putting the welded part blank into a furnace for annealing: annealing at 780 +/-10 ℃, carrying out temperature equalization for 2 hours, carrying out heat preservation for 6 hours (calculated according to the wall thickness of not less than 2 min/mm), discharging and air cooling to room temperature;
5. machining the annealed part blank to remove flash;
6. and (4) performing performance heat treatment on the part blank with the flash removed to obtain the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part.
7. Physical and chemical detection
7.1 mechanical Properties (transverse)
7.2 metallographic structure
As shown in fig. 2, it is a microstructure diagram of the complex part made of D50Re ultra-high strength steel in example 1 of the present invention.
The structures of the welding area, the heat affected area and the base metal are tempered sorbite.
7.3 grain size
FIG. 3a is a grain size diagram of the weld zone of the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part in example 1 of the present invention; FIG. 3b is a grain size diagram of the heat affected zone of the complex part made of D50Re ultra-high strength steel in example 1 according to the present invention; FIG. 3c is a grain size diagram of the parent material of the complex part made of D50Re ultra-high strength steel in example 1 of the present invention.
The grain sizes of the welded area, the heat affected zone and the base metal are 7.0 grade, 5.0 grade and 5.0 grade respectively.
Example 2
Specification of welding parts: Φ 100mm × 105mm, welding area: 7850mm2。
1. Processing the annealed forging stock with the performance meeting the requirements into a welding sub part according to a drawing;
2. clamping the welding sub-part on a 130-ton friction welding machine;
3. welding the welding sub-parts into part blanks according to the following process parameters according to the friction linear velocity of the equivalent diameter of 2.5 m/s;
firstly, preheating by first-stage pressure friction;
the first-stage pressure friction is 15Mpa, and the friction time is 30 s.
Secondly, friction heating under pressure;
the secondary pressure is 30Mpa, the friction time is 210s, and the temperature of the outer surface of the friction interface is more than or equal to 1180 ℃.
And thirdly, performing three-stage pressure upset forging welding.
The three-stage pressure is 130Mpa, the upsetting and holding time is more than or equal to 60s, and the upsetting shrinkage is more than or equal to 10 mm.
4. Putting the welded part blank into a furnace for annealing: annealing temperature 780 +/-10 ℃, temperature equalizing time 2 hours, heat preservation time 6 hours (calculated according to the wall thickness of not less than 2 min/mm), discharging and air cooling to room temperature.
5. Machining the part blank annealed after welding to remove flash;
6. and (4) performing performance heat treatment on the welded part blank without the flash to obtain the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part.
7. Physical and chemical detection
7.1 mechanical Properties (transverse)
7.2 metallographic structure
Fig. 4 shows a microstructure diagram of a complex part made of D50Re ultra-high strength steel in example 2 of the present invention.
The structures of the welding area, the heat affected area and the base material are tempered martensite.
7.3 grain size
FIG. 5a is a grain size diagram of the weld zone of the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part in example 2 of the present invention; FIG. 5b is a grain size diagram of the heat affected zone of the D50Re ultra-high strength steel complex part in example 2 of the present invention; FIG. 5c is a grain size diagram of the parent material of the complex part made of D50Re ultra-high strength steel in example 2 of the present invention.
The grain sizes of the welded area, the heat affected zone and the base metal are 7.0 grade, 6.0 grade and 6.5 grade, respectively.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and illustration, rather than of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A continuous friction weak standard welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpieces comprises the following steps:
processing the annealed D50Re blank into a welding sub-part, and clamping the welding sub-part on a friction welding machine;
processing the sub-parts into part blanks by three-stage pressure friction welding according to the equivalent diameter friction linear velocity of 1.0-2.5 m/s;
and (4) machining the part blank to remove flash, thus obtaining the D50Re ultrahigh-strength steel complex part.
2. The continuous friction weak specification welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the three-stage pressure friction welding process comprises the following steps: primary pressure friction preheating, secondary pressure friction heating and tertiary pressure upset forging welding.
3. The continuous friction weak standard welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpiece according to claim 2, characterized in that the first-level friction pressure is 10-20 Mpa, the friction time is 25-35 s, and the peak torque is controlled; the secondary friction pressure is 25-45 Mpa, and the friction is continued until the temperature of the outer surface of the friction interface is more than or equal to 1180 ℃; the three-stage friction pressure is 110-150 Mpa, and the upsetting and holding time is more than or equal to 60 s.
4. A continuous friction weak standard welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpieces according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that in the three-stage pressure upset forging welding process, the upset forging shrinkage is more than or equal to 10 mm.
5. The continuous friction weak standard welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel large-scale workpiece according to claim 4, characterized in that the upset forging shrinkage is 18-41 mm.
6. A continuous friction weak standard welding method for large-scale ultrahigh-strength steel workpieces as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the blank of the part is put into a furnace for annealing at 650-800 ℃, and after temperature equalization and heat preservation, is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled to room temperature.
7. A continuous friction weak standard welding method for a large ultrahigh-strength steel workpiece according to claim 6, characterized in that the annealing temperature is 780 +/-10 ℃, the temperature equalizing time is 1-2 hours, and the heat preservation time is 3-6 hours.
8. A continuous friction weak standard welding method for a large ultrahigh-strength steel workpiece according to claim 6, characterized in that in the annealing treatment process, the heat preservation time is adjusted according to the wall thickness and is calculated according to the wall thickness of not less than 2 min/mm.
9. A continuous friction weak specification welding method for large ultra-high strength steel workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that D50Re ultra-high strength steel complex parts are subjected to performance heat treatment.
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