CN109112449A - A method of eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress - Google Patents
A method of eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN109112449A CN109112449A CN201811237068.6A CN201811237068A CN109112449A CN 109112449 A CN109112449 A CN 109112449A CN 201811237068 A CN201811237068 A CN 201811237068A CN 109112449 A CN109112449 A CN 109112449A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, include the following steps: step 1: by solution hardening, treated that aluminum alloy die forgings be cold-pressed；Step 2: the forging part after cold pressing is subjected to subzero treatment；Step 3: the forging part after subzero treatment is subjected to the two-stage time effect processing that is rapidly heated；Step 4: treated that forging part is air-cooled for the two-stage time effect that will be rapidly heated.The present invention is to reduce residual stress, and forging part is carried out cold pressing deformation with cold pressing finishing mold first, then forging part is put into liquid nitrogen and carries out subzero treatment；The forging part after deep cooling is rapidly heated again and carries out two-stage time effect processing.It is handled by " solution hardening+cold pressing+deep cooling+timeliness " combination process, the residual stress of aluminum alloy die forgings can be reduced by 90% or more, the present invention is especially suitable for the large high-strength aluminum alloy die forgings of complicated shape.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy materials processing technique field more particularly to a kind of elimination aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress
Method.
Background technique
7050 aluminium alloys have the good comprehensive performances such as high intensity, high tenacity, corrosion resistance, are that a kind of aviation field is big
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system superhigh intensity wrought aluminium alloy that swaged forging part, slab etc. are widely used.The alloy is needed at 470 DEG C or so
At a high temperature of carry out solution treatment, and artificial aging is carried out after rapid quenching is cooling, to obtain excellent comprehensive mechanical property.
But in quenching cooling procedure, since cooling velocity is fast, the temperature gradient on component core and surface layer is big, is generally formed and is pressed on surface layer
Stress, core form tensile stress, and maximum stress value can achieve 200MPa or more.In subsequent ag(e)ing process, due to heating
Temperature is lower, and residual stress is difficult to significantly eliminate and remain in component, to the fracture toughness of forging, fatigue life, corrosion
The generations such as drag seriously affect.In addition, forging in subsequent cutting process, is redistributed due to being heat-treated residual stress
And the interaction with machining stress, the deformation of part is easily caused, causes part size shape overproof, needs to increase
Additional school shape process, manufacturing cost increases, and part stress distribution is more complicated after the shape of school.It is reported that Boeing is annual
Because caused by residual stress machine after forging deform due to caused by loss on millions of dollar.
For the form and dimensional precision for guaranteeing final part, the service life of material is improved, how to be reduced at solution hardening
Aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress after reason is the great difficult problem that current production large aerospace forging is produced and faced using department
One of.
The method for eliminating aluminum alloy quenching residual stress industrial common at present mainly include the following types:
Timeliness null method: timeliness null method is the conventional method for reducing quenched residual stress, and workpiece is generally heated to one
Slow cooling after temperature is handled is determined, to eliminate residual stress.Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy is to aging temp
It is very sensitive, the raising of aging temp, so that MgZn2Equal hardening constituents are excessively precipitated and grow up, and alloy strength is substantially reduced.Cause
This, timeliness general control is carried out in 200 DEG C of lower temperatures below, and the eradicating efficacy of residual stress is unobvious, is typically only
10%-35%.
Subzero treatment method: quenched part being immersed in the very low liquid (usually liquid nitrogen) of temperature and is handled, to
After internal and external temperature is uniform, steam injection is taken out and is carried out rapidly, contrary thermal stress is generated by chilling and anxious hot method,
Original residual stress field is offset whereby.Subzero treatment method is that large complicated high strength alumin ium alloy structural member eliminates residual stress at present
Main method, but this method be also only capable of eliminate 20-70% residual stress.Its great advantage is to eliminate residual stress
Meanwhile intensity, hardness, wearability and the structure stability of material can be improved.
Pulling method: to quenched aluminum alloy plate materials, applying the stretching plastic deformation of 1-5% along rolling direction, makes to draw and answer
Power is plastically deformed after being superimposed with original quenched residual stress, and quenched residual stress is eased and discharges.Pulling method is most
Height can eliminate 90% or more residual stress, but this method is appropriate only for the part of simple shape, for complex-shaped forging
Part can not be implemented, and more demanding to the structural homogenity of aluminum alloy plate materials before stretching, and complexity causes stress distribution uneven.
Cold-press method: in special cold pressing finishing mold, it is multiple to eliminate shape that deformation is cold-pressed by strict control forging part
Residual stress in miscellaneous aluminum alloy forge piece.Its mechanism of action is to enable aluminum alloy to forging part by compressive deformation, to adjust die forging
The integrated stress of part is horizontal, while it enables aluminum alloy to the certain position residual stress of forging part and is released, it is possible to make other
The residual stress at position increases.In addition, due to there is very big residual stress after large forgings quenching, molding deflection crosses senior general
Cause it is localized work hardening, or even fracture；Deflection is too small, and stress elimination effect is undesirable.Therefore, mould cold-press method is in practical behaviour
It is difficult to eliminate residual stress by accurately controlling molding deflection in work, and cold-press method needs to make particular manufacturing craft, it is at high cost,
Economic benefit is lower.
Vibrate null method: the working principle that residual stress method is eliminated in vibration is to produce metal structure using portable vibration excitor
Raw one or more vibrational state, so that flexible deformation when generating such as mechanical load, makes the residual of the certain positions of inside parts
Residue stress be superimposed with oscillating load after be more than material yield strength cause to be plastically deformed, thus make component inside residual stress drop
Low or redistribution.Aluminium alloy is vibrated after quenching, and the maximum of residual stress can eliminate 10-70%.But at present to vibration
The mechanism that dynamic timeliness eliminates residual stress is still insufficient, is applied to the suitability in aerolite component to it both at home and abroad and remains
It is disputing on.
In addition to the above methods, recent domestic also reported pulsed magnetic treatment method, high temperature, short time thermal shock method etc., but phase
It is still immature to close technique.
In short, there are some defects and limitations in use in the above several method, the elimination to residual stress
Effect is effective.Due in current aerospace forging part 7050 aluminium alloys using very universal, how to eliminate complicated forging part
In residual stress, be a great problem that the production of large complicated aluminum alloy junction component and application face.
Summary of the invention
The application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.For this purpose, an object of the present invention
It is to provide a kind of method for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress.This method is reachable to the elimination factor of quenched residual stress
90% or more.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress is eliminated, is included the following steps:
Step 1: solution hardening treated aluminum alloy die forgings are subjected to cold pressing treatment；
Step 2: the forging part after cold pressing treatment is subjected to subzero treatment；
Step 3: the forging part after subzero treatment is subjected to the two-stage time effect processing that is rapidly heated；
Step 4: treated that forging part is air-cooled for the two-stage time effect that will be rapidly heated.
Further, solid solubility temperature is 460-480 DEG C, and solution time is 1-3 hours, the water that hardening media is 20-80 DEG C,
Quenching Soaking Time is 10-60 minutes.
Further, the cold pressing deflection of cold pressing treatment is 1-5%.
Further, the deep cooling soaking time of the subzero treatment is 10-120 minutes, and cooling medium is liquid nitrogen.
Further, the two-stage time effect processing that is rapidly heated includes the following steps:
First order timeliness: the forging part after subzero treatment is put into 120 DEG C of heat-treatment furnaces, keeps the temperature 5-7h；
Second level timeliness: forging part is warming up to 170-180 DEG C from 120 DEG C, heating rate is 2.5-3.5 DEG C/min, is protected
Warm 10-14h.
Further, interval time of the forging part in each passage process is less than or equal to 2 hours.
Further, the aluminum alloy die forgings are 7050 aluminum alloy die forgings.
7050 aluminum alloy die forgings alloy material ingredients are as follows: Si contains 2.1%, Mn containing 0.077%, Cu containing 0.04%, Fe
Contain 0.11%, surplus Al containing 0.029%, Zr containing 6.1%, Ti containing 0.031%, Zn containing 2.16%, Cr containing 0.01%, Mg,
He contains 0.15%
Principle and advantage:
Alloy needs carry out solution treatment at a high temperature of 470 DEG C or so, and carry out manually after rapid quenching is cooling
Timeliness, to obtain excellent comprehensive mechanical property.But in quenching cooling procedure, since cooling rate is fast, component core and table
Layer temperature gradient it is big, generally surface layer formed compression, core formed tensile stress, maximum stress value can achieve 200MPa with
On.In subsequent ag(e)ing process, since heating temperature is lower, residual stress is difficult to significantly eliminate and remain in component,
The generations such as the fracture toughness of forging, fatigue life, corrosion resistance, machining distortion are seriously affected.It is generated to eliminate quenching
Residual stress is carried out the abatement of residual stress using the modes such as cold pressing, subzero treatment after quenching, finally carries out two-stage time effect again
Processing.Cold-press method enables aluminum alloy to forging part and is acted on by compressive deformation, to reach adjustment or part abatement forging part residual stress
Purpose, deflection is optimal compression effect between 1%~5%, i.e. internal stress is greatly reduced, and mechanical performance is sacrificed most
It is small；And subzero treatment generates contrary thermal stress by chilling and anxious hot method, offsets original residual stress field whereby,
Achieve the purpose that cut down quenched residual stress.
Its essence of aging technique be by being heated to certain temperature and keeping the temperature certain time length during, alloy material is with crystalline substance
The modes such as boundary's diffusion, dislocation motion generate creep, so that component inside quenched residual stress be made gradually to discharge and tend towards stability.This
It is to first pass through low temperature aging to guarantee to form the area G.P within a short period of time that invention, which uses the purpose of interrupted aging, then using height
Warm secondary time effect promotes the area G.P to intermediate phase transition, to obtain higher-strength and other good performances etc..
The collaboration that the present invention is handled by cold pressing, subzero treatment and the two-stage time effect that is rapidly heated, to aluminium alloy element
Residual stress is cut down, and the dimensional stability of component can be improved in subzero treatment method, to reduce subsequent machining deformation, is mentioned
High component service life.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
It is sampled on 7050 aluminum alloy forge pieces, is cut into 7050 aluminum alloy plate materials sample of 80mm × 40mm × 10mm.Sample
After 480 DEG C of solid solution 1h, it is put into rapidly in 20 DEG C of water and is quenched, Quenching Soaking Time 40min；By the examination after the completion of quenching
Sample is cold-pressed, and cold pressing deflection is 3%；Sample is put into -196 DEG C of liquid nitrogen after the completion of cold pressing and carries out subzero treatment, deep cooling
Soaking time is 10min；It then takes out and is put into 120 DEG C of heat-treatment furnaces the two-stage time effect processing that be rapidly heated, aging temp
It is respectively 120 DEG C × 6h+170 DEG C × 12h with soaking time, it is 3 that forging part, which is warming up to 170 DEG C of heating rate from 120 DEG C,
℃/min.Transhipment interval time between each passage was less than 2 hours.The residual stress in different heat treatment stage changes such as 1 institute of table
Show.After being dissolved+20 DEG C of water temperature quenching+cold pressing+deep coolings+aging process processing, the equivalent residual-stress value of specimen surface is by quenching
165.8MPa after fire, drops to 11.4MPa, and residual stress eliminates 93% or more.20 DEG C of water temperatures quenching probe intensity by
The 491MPa for not carrying out subzero treatment, is promoted to 518MPa, and elongation percentage is 13.6% by 12.9% variation.
Comparative example 1
It is sampled on 7050 aluminum alloy forge pieces, is cut into 7050 aluminum alloy plate materials sample of 80mm × 40mm × 10mm.Sample
After 480 DEG C of solid solution 1h, it is put into rapidly in 20 DEG C of water and is quenched, Quenching Soaking Time 40min；By the examination after the completion of quenching
Sample is cold-pressed, and cold pressing deflection is 3%；Sample is put into 120 DEG C of heat-treatment furnaces after the completion of cold pressing and is carried out at two-stage time effect
Reason, aging temp and soaking time are respectively the processing of 120 DEG C × 6h+170 DEG C × 12h two-stage time effect, and forging part is risen from 120 DEG C
The heating rate of temperature to 170 DEG C is 3 DEG C/min.The residual stress variation in different heat treatment stage is as shown in table 1.Through solid solution+20
After DEG C water temperature quenching+cold pressing+aging process processing, the equivalent residual-stress value of specimen surface by quenched 165.8MPa, under
It is down to 35.5MPa, residual stress eliminates 78% or so.
Embodiment 2
It is sampled on 7050 aluminum alloy forge pieces, is cut into 7050 aluminum alloy plate materials sample of 80mm × 40mm × 10mm.Sample
After 460 DEG C of solid solution 1h, it is put into rapidly in 40 DEG C of water and is quenched, Quenching Soaking Time 20min；By the examination after the completion of quenching
Sample is cold-pressed, and cold pressing deflection is 4%；Sample is put into 196 DEG C of liquid nitrogen after the completion of cold pressing and carries out deep cooling, when deep cooling is kept the temperature
Between be 40min；The two-stage time effect processing that be rapidly heated is then placed in heat-treatment furnace, and aging temp and soaking time are respectively
The processing of 120 DEG C × 6h+180 DEG C × 13h two-stage time effect, forging part is warming up to from 120 DEG C 180 DEG C of heating rate be 3.5 DEG C/
min.The residual stress variation in different heat treatment stage is as shown in table 1.The equivalent residual-stress value of specimen surface is by quenched
160.8MPa, drops to 12.5MPa, and residual stress eliminates 92% or more.In the probe intensity that 40 DEG C of water temperatures quench by not carrying out
The 491MPa of subzero treatment, is promoted to 495MPa, and elongation percentage is 11.0% by 9.4% variation.
Comparative example 2
It is sampled on 7050 aluminum alloy forge pieces, is cut into 7050 aluminum alloy plate materials sample of 80mm × 40mm × 10mm.Sample
After 460 DEG C of solid solution 1h, it is put into rapidly in 40 DEG C of water and is quenched, Quenching Soaking Time 20min；By the examination after the completion of quenching
Sample is cold-pressed, and cold pressing deflection is 4%；Sample is put into 120 DEG C of heat-treatment furnaces after the completion of cold pressing and is carried out at two-stage time effect
Reason, aging temp and soaking time are respectively the processing of 120 DEG C × 6h+180 DEG C × 13h two-stage time effect, and forging part is risen from 120 DEG C
The heating rate of temperature to 170 DEG C is 3.5 DEG C/min.The residual stress variation in different heat treatment stage is as shown in table 1.Through solid solution+
After 40 DEG C of water temperature quenching+cold pressings+aging process processing, the equivalent residual-stress value of specimen surface by quenched 160.8MPa,
35.8MPa is dropped to, residual stress eliminates 77% or so.
Embodiment 3
With embodiment 1 the difference is that cold pressing deflection is 6%, after the equivalent residual-stress value of specimen surface is by quenching
165.8MPa, drop to 24.6MPa, it is 85% that residual stress, which is eliminated, and the intensity of sample is 505MPa after subzero treatment.
Embodiment 4
With embodiment 1 the difference is that cold pressing deflection is 0.5%, aging temp and soaking time be respectively 120 DEG C ×
The processing of 5h+190 DEG C × 13h two-stage time effect, the equivalent residual-stress value of specimen surface are dropped to by quenched 165.8MPa
49.9MPa, residual stress eliminate 70% or so, and the intensity of sample is 503MPa after subzero treatment.
Embodiment 5
With embodiment 1 the difference is that it is 1.5 DEG C/min that forging part is warming up to from 120 DEG C to 170 DEG C of heating rate,
Soaking time is 15h, and the deep cooling time is 5 minutes, and the equivalent residual-stress value of specimen surface is by quenched 165.8MPa, decline
To 20.4MPa, residual stress eliminates 88% or so, and the intensity of sample is 498MPa after subzero treatment.
Embodiment 6
With embodiment 1 the difference is that when ageing treatment, sample is from room temperature to 120 DEG C, rather than directly 120
DEG C heat preservation ageing treatment is carried out, the equivalent residual-stress value of specimen surface drops to 22MPa by quenched 165.8MPa, residual
Residue stress eliminates 87% or so, and the intensity of sample is 495MPa after subzero treatment.
Influence of 1 heat treatment process of table to 7050 alloy residual stress
Above-described embodiment is only to clearly demonstrate examples made by the present invention, rather than the restriction to embodiment.For
For those of ordinary skill in the art, other various forms of variations or change can also be made on the basis of the above description
It is dynamic.Here without can not be also exhaustive to all embodiments.And the obvious variation or change thus amplified out
It is dynamic to be still in the protection scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: solution hardening treated aluminum alloy die forgings are subjected to cold pressing treatment；
Step 2: the forging part after cold pressing is subjected to subzero treatment；
Step 3: the forging part after deep cooling is subjected to the two-stage time effect processing that is rapidly heated；
Step 4: treated that forging part is air-cooled for the two-stage time effect that will be rapidly heated.
2. the method according to claim 1 for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, it is characterised in that: cold pressing treatment
Cold pressing deflection is 1-5%.
3. the method according to claim 1 for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, it is characterised in that: at the deep cooling
The deep cooling time of reason is 10-120 minutes, and cooling medium is liquid nitrogen.
4. the method according to claim 1 for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, it is characterised in that: the quick liter
Warm two-stage time effect processing includes the following steps:
First order timeliness: the forging part after subzero treatment is put into 120 DEG C of heat-treatment furnaces, keeps the temperature 5-7h；
Second level timeliness: forging part is warming up to 170-180 DEG C from 120 DEG C, heating rate is 2.5-3.5 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 10-
14h。
5. the method according to claim 1 for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, it is characterised in that: solid solubility temperature is
460-480 DEG C, solution time is 1-3 hours, the water that hardening media is 20-80 DEG C, and Quenching Soaking Time is 10-60 minutes.
6. the method according to claim 1 for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, it is characterised in that: forging part is each
Interval time in passage process is less than or equal to 2 hours.
7. the method according to claim 1-6 for eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating aluminum alloy die forgings is 7050 aluminum alloy die forgings.
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| CN110029297A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-07-19 | 广东和胜工业铝材股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy and quenching post-treatment method thereof |
| CN110158000A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | A method of abatement alloy plate residual stress |
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| CN113084063A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-07-09 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Die forging method and application of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking and die forging manufactured by same |
| CN113084063B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2022-11-29 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Die forging method and application of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking and die forging manufactured by same |
| CN111676431B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-06-07 | 中南大学 | Two-stage continuous aging treatment method for aluminum-lithium alloy |
| CN111676431A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-18 | 中南大学 | Two-stage continuous aging treatment method for aluminum-lithium alloy |
| CN112111679A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-22 | 宁波锦越新材料有限公司 | High-quality aluminum alloy for semiconductor and preparation method thereof |
| CN112662967A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-16 | 天津众达精密机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method of aluminum alloy casting for precision machining |
| CN112899594A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-04 | 东莞冠熹精密五金制品有限公司 | 7003 forging process for aluminum series material |
| CN113210480A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-08-06 | 湖南大学 | Method for eliminating residual stress of basin-shaped special-shaped forge piece |
| CN113210480B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-07-05 | 湖南大学 | Method for eliminating residual stress of basin-shaped special-shaped forge piece |
| CN114411071A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-29 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Treatment method for reducing quenching residual stress of aluminum alloy material and aluminum alloy material |
| CN114657485A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-24 | 苏州镭翼精工科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy super-deep cooling stress removing method |
| CN114807547A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏明越精密高温合金有限公司 | Method for reducing quenching residual stress of die forging |
| CN115446610A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-12-09 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for eliminating residual stress by cold pressing |
| CN116144911A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-05-23 | 中国人民解放军63921部队 | Method for eliminating residual stress of welding piece |
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