CN113670289A - Method for analyzing influence factors of temperature stability of polarization maintaining capability of optical fiber - Google Patents
Method for analyzing influence factors of temperature stability of polarization maintaining capability of optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an analysis method for temperature stability influence factors of optical fiber polarization maintaining capability, which divides the factors influencing the temperature stability of the optical fiber polarization maintaining capability into three types, namely optical fiber internal factors, optical fiber external integral factors and optical fiber external local factors. Firstly, testing the polarization coupling distribution of an optical fiber ring at different temperatures by adopting a white light interferometer, and obtaining the change characteristic of optical fiber birefringence along with the temperature of the optical fiber according to the optical path difference generated by two orthogonal polarization main shafts of the optical fiber ring at different temperatures, namely the influence of internal factors on the temperature stability of the polarization capability of the optical fiber ring; calculating the change rule of the average polarization coupling amplitude of the optical fiber ring at different temperatures, and analyzing the influence of the external integral factors of the optical fiber; and analyzing the external local factors of the optical fiber, which influence the temperature stability of the environment-friendly energy bias capability of the optical fiber, according to the change rule of the coupling amplitude of the large polarization coupling point in the polarization coupling distribution along with the temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fiber optic gyroscopes, and particularly relates to a method for analyzing temperature stability influence factors of optical fiber polarization-preserving capability.
Background
The fiber-optic gyroscope has the advantages of small volume, light weight, no rotating part, flexible structural design and the like, and is widely applied to the field of inertial navigation and control. The optical fiber ring is a sensitive component of the optical fiber gyroscope, and the light path schemes of the full polarization-maintaining optical fiber gyroscope and the hybrid polarization optical fiber gyroscope which are widely adopted at present adopt polarization-maintaining optical fiber to surround and inhibit the non-reciprocal error of the gyroscope polarization so as to improve the zero polarization stability of the optical fiber gyroscope. Therefore, the polarization maintaining capability of the fiber ring is an important parameter affecting the performance of the fiber optic gyroscope. The engineering application of the fiber-optic gyroscope faces a wide temperature range, and whether the fiber-optic ring of the gyroscope can keep good polarization-maintaining capability in a large temperature range is an important factor influencing the working performance stability of the fiber-optic gyroscope. However, the influence factors of the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber environment are lack of corresponding analysis methods, the influence factors are not clear, and the promotion of the high-temperature stability polarization maintaining optical fiber environment manufacturing technology is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a method for analyzing influence factors of temperature stability of polarization maintaining capability of an optical fiber, so as to solve the problem that the influence factors of temperature stability of polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber are difficult to determine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for analyzing the influence factors of the temperature stability of the optical fiber polarization maintaining capability is characterized in that the influence factors of the temperature stability of the optical fiber polarization maintaining capability are divided into 3 parts of optical fiber internal factors, optical fiber external integral factors and optical fiber external local factors for analysis; for the analysis of the internal factors of the optical fiber, a method for testing the change rule of the linear birefringence of the polarization maintaining optical fiber along with the temperature is adopted but not limited; for the analysis of the external integral factors of the optical fiber, the method is combined with the method of the change rule of the polarization maintaining optical fiber linear birefringence along with the temperature by testing the change rule of the average polarization coupling amplitude of the optical fiber ring along with the temperature; for the analysis of the external local factors of the optical fiber, a method for testing the change rule of the amplitude of the large polarization coupling point in the polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring along with the temperature and the position of the large coupling point is adopted but not limited.
Furthermore, the rule of change of the polarization maintaining fiber linear birefringence along with the temperature, the rule of change of the average polarization coupling amplitude of the fiber ring along with the temperature, and the rule of change of the position of the large polarization coupling point in the fiber ring and the amplitude along with the temperature are all tested by adopting a white light interferometer.
Furthermore, the change rule of the polarization-maintaining fiber linear birefringence along with the temperature, the change rule of the average polarization coupling amplitude of the fiber ring along with the temperature and the change rule of the amplitude of the large polarization coupling point in the fiber ring along with the temperature are extracted from the polarization coupling distribution test results of the white light interferometer at different temperatures within the working temperature range of the fiber ring.
Further, the method also comprises the following specific steps:
(1) placing the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring in a temperature test box, and connecting tail fibers at two ends with tail fibers of a white light interferometer to enable polarized light output by the white light interferometer to be injected into a polarization main shaft of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring;
(2) determining the temperature range of the full-temperature polarization maintaining capability test of the optical fiber ring according to the temperature environment in practical application of the optical fiber ring, and selecting not less than 6 temperature points in the temperature range, wherein the temperature points are selected at intervals as equal as possible;
(3) setting the temperature test chamber as each temperature point determined in the step (2), preserving the temperature for more than 20min after the temperature of the temperature test chamber reaches the designated temperature point, testing the polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring at the temperature point by adopting a white light interferometer,
therefore, the polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring can be measured at all selected temperature points;
(4) identifying the connection point of the optical fiber ring and the white light interferometer from the polarization coupling distribution test result, measuring the scanning optical path corresponding to the two connection points, and subtracting the scanning optical path of the two points to obtain the optical path difference of the two orthogonal polarization main shafts of the optical fiber ring at the test temperature
According to the scanning optical path difference and the optical fiber loop lengthLCalculating the linear birefringence of the fiber at that temperature point
，
Identifying and calculating the linear birefringence of the optical fiber at different temperatures from the polarization coupling distribution test result of each temperature point;
(5) according to the measured linear birefringence of the optical fiber at different temperatures, drawing a change curve of the linear birefringence of the optical fiber along with the temperature, so as to obtain a change rule of the linear birefringence of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber along with the temperature, namely, the change rule is an optical fiber internal factor influencing the temperature stability of the polarization-maintaining capability of the optical fiber;
(6) averaging the polarization coupling amplitude values in the whole optical fiber ring range, calculating to obtain the change rule of the average polarization coupling amplitude values of the optical fiber ring at different temperature points along with the temperature, namely the integral expression of the influence of the internal factors and the external factors of the optical fiber ring on the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber, and considering the change rule of the internal factors along with the temperature in the step (5), obtaining the influence of the integral external factors on the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber,
according to the change characteristic of the average polarization coupling distribution along with the temperature, finding out the external integral factors of the optical fiber, which influence the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber;
(7) extracting polarization coupling points with large amplitude from polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring, positioning the positions of the coupling points, measuring the polarization coupling amplitudes of the coupling points at different temperatures, observing the change characteristic of the polarization coupling amplitudes of the large coupling points along with the temperature, and analyzing the external local factors of the optical fiber, which influence the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber, by combining the positions of the large coupling points.
Furthermore, the temperature environment in practical application of the optical fiber ring in the step (2) is-40 ℃ to +80 ℃, and 7 temperature points are selected at equal intervals in the temperature range, wherein the temperature points are-40 ℃, 20 ℃, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing temperature stability influencing factors of polarization maintaining capability of an optical fiber;
FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram of a measuring apparatus for analyzing temperature stability influencing factors of polarization maintaining capability of optical fiber environment, wherein three parts a, b and c are a white light interferometer, a polarization maintaining optical fiber ring to be measured and a temperature test chamber;
FIG. 3 is a graph of polarization coupling distribution of an optical fiber ring at different temperature points within a working temperature range, as measured using a white light interferometer;
FIG. 4 is a graph of linear birefringence of an optical fiber ring as a function of temperature;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the average polarization coupling amplitude of an optical fiber ring as a function of temperature.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the technical scheme of the invention provides an analysis method for influence factors of the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber, and solves the problems that the influence factors of the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber are not clear and are difficult to aim at and improve. In the embodiment of the technical scheme, the influence factors of the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber are divided into the internal factors of the optical fiber, the external integral factors of the optical fiber and the external local factors of the optical fiber; the internal factors of the optical fiber, the external factors of the optical fiber and the external factors of the optical fiber are extracted from the polarization coupling distribution test results measured by adopting a white light interferometer at different temperatures.
The method in the embodiment of the technical solution of the present invention is further described below by taking an optical fiber ring to be tested as an example and referring to fig. 1 to 5.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the detailed process is as follows:
(1) selecting 1 polarization maintaining optical fiber ring b to be analyzed, placing the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring b in a temperature test box c, connecting tail fibers at two ends with tail fibers of a white light interferometer a, and injecting polarized light output by the white light interferometer a into a polarization main shaft of the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring b, wherein the simple diagram of the experimental device is shown in FIG. 2;
(2) according to the temperature environment faced in the practical application of the optical fiber ring, the temperature range of the full-temperature polarization-maintaining capability test of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring b is determined, and a plurality of temperature points are selected in the temperature range. The number of the temperature points is not less than 6, and the temperature points are selected at equal intervals as much as possible. The temperature environment of the optical fiber ring to be analyzed in application is-40 ℃ to +80 ℃, and 7 temperature points are selected at equal intervals in the temperature range, wherein the temperature points are-40 ℃, 20 ℃, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃ respectively;
(3) setting the temperature test boxes to be-40 ℃, 20 ℃, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃ respectively, keeping the temperature for more than 20min at each temperature point after the temperature of the temperature test box c reaches a specified temperature point, and then testing the polarization coupling distribution of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring b at the temperature point by adopting a white light interferometer a. After the test is finished, the polarization coupling distribution test results of the 7 groups of optical fiber rings at different temperatures are measured. The test results are shown in FIG. 3, in which graphs (a) to (g) are the polarization coupling distribution results of polarization maintaining fiber ring b to be analyzed at-40 deg.C, -20 deg.C, 0 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 40 deg.C, 60 deg.C, and 80 deg.C in sequence;
(4) and identifying the connection points of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring b and the white light interferometer a, and identifying the scanning optical path difference corresponding to the two connection points from the optical fiber ring polarization coupling distribution test result. Taking the polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring in FIG. 3(a) at-40 deg.C as an example, the scanning optical path differences corresponding to the two connection points are 29.10mm and 693.10mm, respectively, and the optical path differences of the two positions are subtracted to obtain the optical path difference of the two orthogonal polarization main axes of the optical fiber at-40 deg.C
=664.00mm, length of optical fiber loop to be analyzedL=1380m, calculating the linear birefringence of the fiber at a certain temperature
=664.00mm/1380m=4.81×10-4；
According to the same method, the optical path difference of two orthogonal polarization main axes of the optical fiber ring to be analyzed at the temperature of-40 ℃, 20 ℃, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃ is respectively 664.00mm, 648.32mm, 633.40mm, 618.07mm, 602.63mm, 588.66mm and 572.86mm by calculation; further calculating to obtain the birefringence of the ring-wound optical fiber at-40 deg.C, -20 deg.C, 0 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 40 deg.C, 60 deg.C and 80 deg.C of the optical fiber ring to be measured as 4.90 × 10-4、4.59×10-4、4.48×10-4、4.37×10-4、4.24×10-4、4.15×10-4；
(5) The linear birefringence of the optical fiber was plotted as a function of temperature based on the measured linear birefringence of the optical fiber at different temperatures, and as shown in FIG. 4, it was found that the linear birefringence of the polarization maintaining optical fiber decreased linearly with increasing temperature. The birefringence is the physical basis for realizing polarization retention of the stress polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and shows that the polarization-maintaining capability of the optical fiber is linearly reduced along with the increase of the working temperature. The reduction of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber along with the temperature rise is an internal factor of the optical fiber which influences the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber;
(6) averaging the polarization coupling amplitude values in the whole optical fiber ring range, calculating and drawing the change rule of the average polarization coupling amplitude value of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring b along with the temperature, as shown in fig. 5, the average polarization coupling amplitude value of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring b changes in a parabolic shape, the highest polarization maintaining capability is realized at 40 ℃, and the polarization coupling amplitude value is the lowest. Starting from 40 ℃, the polarization coupling amplitude gradually increases with decreasing temperature. Starting from 40 ℃, the polarization coupling amplitude gradually increases with increasing temperature. Namely the integral expression of the influence of the internal factors and the external factors of the optical fiber ring on the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber ring. According to the rule that the internal factor of linear birefringence in (5) linearly decreases with the increase of temperature, for example, the average polarization coupling amplitude of polarization-maintaining fiber ring b should gradually increase with the temperature without considering the external factors. The polarization maintaining fiber ring b is necessarily affected by the external stress, and the stress increases with the temperature increase and decrease when the temperature is at the lowest of 40 ℃. Analyzing which stress has the characteristics, and considering the ultraviolet curing of the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring b, the curing temperature is higher than normal temperature and can approach 40 ℃. The stress of the ring-surrounding glue at the curing point is minimum, the influence on the polarization maintaining capability is minimum, and the lower average polarization coupling amplitude is realized. When the temperature rises or falls, the optical fiber material and the ring rubber expand with heat and contract with cold to generate additional stress on the optical fiber, and the stress causes polarization coupling in the optical fiber, so that the polarization maintaining capability of the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring b is reduced, and the average polarization coupling amplitude is increased. The ring-winding glue acts on all the optical fibers in the optical fiber ring, so that the curing temperature of the ring-winding glue is an external integral factor of the optical fiber, which influences the temperature stability of the polarization-maintaining capability of the optical fiber;
(7) extracting polarization coupling points with large amplitude from polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring, positioning the positions of the coupling points, and measuring the polarization coupling amplitudes of the coupling points at different temperatures. From the test results of the temperature points in fig. 3, it is seen that the polarization-maintaining fiber ring b polarization coupling distribution is comb-shaped, there are periodic large polarization coupling points, and the large polarization coupling point position corresponds to the fiber layer-changing position. It can be concluded that the stress generated by the exchange of the fiber in the surrounding ring is responsible for the large polarization coupling point. Selecting 6 point large polarization coupling points, as shown in fig. 3, measuring the change characteristic of the polarization coupling amplitude of the large coupling points along with the temperature, finding that the polarization coupling amplitude of 1, 4 and 6 points is greatly changed within the full temperature range, and the change is more than 6dB, and basically showing the characteristic that the polarization coupling amplitude is smaller when the temperature is higher. And the amplitude change of the adjacent three points 2, 3 and 5 is small in the whole temperature range, and is about 2 dB. Illustrating the presence of local contributing factors for every other layer occurring near the point of layer change. Considering that the polarization maintaining fiber ring b is a frameless fiber ring and is fixed to the structural member by adhesion, the adhesion is performed only on one bottom surface, so that the fibers on the bottom surface are affected by the adhesive. The adhesive is cured at a high temperature of 85 ℃, the additional stress generated at a curing point is minimum, the larger the difference between the external temperature and the curing temperature is, the larger the generated additional stress is, the characteristic just meets the characteristics that the temperature of a large polarization coupling point represented by 1, 4 and 6 points is lower, and the polarization coupling amplitude is larger, and the adhesive curing temperature is a main optical fiber external local factor influencing the temperature stability of the optical fiber polarization-preserving capability.
It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for analyzing influence factors of temperature stability of polarization maintaining capability of optical fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps: dividing the influence factors of the temperature stability of the optical fiber polarization maintaining capability into 3 parts of optical fiber internal factors, optical fiber external integral factors and optical fiber external local factors for analysis; for the analysis of the internal factors of the optical fiber, a method for testing the change rule of the linear birefringence of the polarization maintaining optical fiber along with the temperature is adopted but not limited; for the analysis of the external integral factors of the optical fiber, the method is combined with the method of the change rule of the polarization maintaining optical fiber linear birefringence along with the temperature by testing the change rule of the average polarization coupling amplitude of the optical fiber ring along with the temperature; for the analysis of the external local factors of the optical fiber, a method for testing the change rule of the amplitude of the large polarization coupling point in the polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring along with the temperature and the position of the large coupling point is adopted but not limited.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the rule of change of the polarization maintaining fiber linear birefringence along with temperature, the rule of change of the average polarization coupling amplitude of the fiber ring along with temperature, and the rule of change of the position of the large polarization coupling point in the fiber ring and the amplitude along with temperature are all tested by adopting a white light interferometer.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the change rule of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber linear birefringence along with the temperature, the change rule of the average polarization coupling amplitude of the optical fiber ring along with the temperature and the change rule of the large polarization coupling point amplitude of the optical fiber ring along with the temperature are extracted from the polarization coupling distribution test results of the white light interferometer at different temperatures within the working temperature range of the optical fiber ring.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring in a temperature test box, and connecting tail fibers at two ends with tail fibers of a white light interferometer to enable polarized light output by the white light interferometer to be injected into a polarization main shaft of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring;
(2) determining the temperature range of the full-temperature polarization maintaining capability test of the optical fiber ring according to the temperature environment in practical application of the optical fiber ring, and selecting not less than 6 temperature points in the temperature range, wherein the temperature points are selected at intervals as equal as possible;
(3) setting the temperature test chamber as each temperature point determined in the step (2), preserving the temperature for more than 20min after the temperature of the temperature test chamber reaches the designated temperature point, testing the polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring at the temperature point by adopting a white light interferometer,
therefore, the polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring can be measured at all selected temperature points;
(4) identifying the connection point of the optical fiber ring and the white light interferometer from the polarization coupling distribution test result, measuring the scanning optical path corresponding to the two connection points, and subtracting the scanning optical path of the two points to obtain the optical path difference of the two orthogonal polarization main shafts of the optical fiber ring at the test temperature
According to the scanning optical path difference and the optical fiber loop lengthLCalculating the linear birefringence of the fiber at that temperature point
，
Identifying and calculating the linear birefringence of the optical fiber at different temperatures from the polarization coupling distribution test result of each temperature point;
(5) according to the measured linear birefringence of the optical fiber at different temperatures, drawing a change curve of the linear birefringence of the optical fiber along with the temperature, so as to obtain a change rule of the linear birefringence of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber along with the temperature, namely, the change rule is an optical fiber internal factor influencing the temperature stability of the polarization-maintaining capability of the optical fiber;
(6) averaging the polarization coupling amplitude values in the whole optical fiber ring range, calculating to obtain the change rule of the average polarization coupling amplitude values of the optical fiber ring at different temperature points along with the temperature, namely the integral expression of the influence of the internal factors and the external factors of the optical fiber ring on the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber, and considering the change rule of the internal factors along with the temperature in the step (5), obtaining the influence of the integral external factors on the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber,
according to the change characteristic of the average polarization coupling distribution along with the temperature, finding out the external integral factors of the optical fiber, which influence the temperature stability of the polarization maintaining capability of the optical fiber;
(7) extracting polarization coupling points with large amplitude from polarization coupling distribution of the optical fiber ring, locating the positions of the coupling points, measuring the polarization coupling amplitudes of the coupling points at different temperatures,
and observing the change characteristic of the polarization coupling amplitude of the large coupling point along with the temperature, and analyzing the external local factors of the optical fiber, which influence the temperature stability of the polarization-preserving capability of the optical fiber, by combining the generation position of the large coupling point.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature environment faced by the practical application of the optical fiber ring in the step (2) is-40 ℃ to +80 ℃, and 7 temperature points are selected at equal intervals in the temperature range, wherein the temperature points are-40 ℃, 20 ℃, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃.
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