CN113670225B - Device and method for measuring air water tongue outline and turbulent boundary of drainage building - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring air water tongue outline and turbulent boundary of drainage building Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method for the outline and the turbulent boundary of an air water tongue of a drainage building, wherein the device comprises the following components: the upper edge of the water tongue, the lower edge of the water tongue, the flip bucket and a plurality of water tongue contour projection points are respectively arranged in the water tongue plane; the laser plane is arranged in parallel with the water tongue plane; the laser scale panel is arranged in the laser plane; the laser instrument is arranged on the laser scale panel; the projection plane, the projection scale panel and the tongue profile projection point are arranged in the projection plane. The device and the method utilize the principles of optical projection and geometric conversion, not only can obtain the time-average contour curve of the water tongue, but also can obtain the turbulent boundary areas of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue, enrich the characteristic parameters of the water tongue, and have quality improvement compared with the traditional measuring method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic parameter measurement of a hydraulic engineering drainage building, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the air water tongue profile and the turbulent boundary of the drainage building.
Background
In the hydroelectric engineering, the water draining building is an important hydraulic building for ensuring the safety of the water conservancy junction and the hydraulic building and reducing and avoiding flood disasters, such as overflow dams, spillways, water draining holes, water draining tunnels and the like. As an important channel for connecting upstream and downstream water flows, the water discharge building has the function of centralized water stopping, and the flood discharge and energy dissipation type design of the water discharge building is an important content of the junction arrangement. Common energy dissipation modes include jet flow energy dissipation, surface flow energy dissipation and bottom flow energy dissipation, wherein the jet flow energy dissipation is widely applied to the design of a high-rise dam.
The flow-picking and energy-dissipating means that a flow-picking sill is arranged at the tail end of a water-discharging building, so that water flows are jetted downstream, part of energy is eliminated through the diffusion, turbulence and aeration actions of jet flow (water tongue) in the air, and then the water flows drop into a water cushion of a river channel at the downstream of the sill, and a submerged energy-dissipating flow state is formed in the water cushion. Therefore, the parameters such as the air movement profile and the water inlet position of the diversion water tongue are important contents in engineering design, if the water tongue falls into the water cushion position, if the surface deep hole combined drainage is needed to be considered, the air water tongue operation profile and whether the air water tongue can cause adverse effects on the building structure or not are needed to be considered. In addition, the drainage flow speed of the drainage building is high, the turbulence of the water tongue in the air is severe, a transient swing area (the invention is called as a turbulence boundary) is often formed on the water tongue boundary, and the accurate acquisition of the turbulence boundary has very important significance for related researches such as the interaction of water tongue tracks, the safety distance of the water tongue influence and the like.
The physical model test is the most main means of the water conservancy project junction arrangement research, and in the model test, parameters such as the movement track, the contour range, the water inlet pile number, the flow field distribution and the like of the air water tongue of the drainage building are important bases for body type optimization. Accordingly, a great deal of effort has been made by test personnel to obtain the air motion profile of the drain tongue and its turbulent boundary. Currently, commonly used methods include a measuring tape method, a mechanical stylus method, a photographic method, and the like. The measuring rule method comprises a ruler, a level gauge, a measuring needle and the like according to the type of the measuring rule, and the method is visual and is widely adopted at present, but has the advantages of larger artificial subjective factors, low measuring precision, difficult operation when the size of the model is larger, and great potential safety hazard for measuring staff; the photography method is a popular method in recent years, but a large boundary threshold judgment error still exists during processing, and the judgment needs to be assisted manually, so that the method has high calibration and actual operation requirements, and the actual operation is often difficult to meet. It should be noted that the existing measuring method is difficult to accurately obtain the range of the turbulent boundary of the water tongue in the drainage air, and brings great resistance to model test measurement, engineering design and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: a device and a method for measuring the outline and the turbulent boundary of an air water tongue of a drainage building are provided to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows: in a first aspect, a device for measuring the profile of a tongue in the air of a drainage building and its turbulent boundary is provided, the device comprising a projection plane (S 1 ) Water tongue plane (S) 2 ) Laser plane (S) 3 ) The laser instrument, the upper edge of the water tongue, the lower edge of the water tongue, the laser scale panel, the projection scale panel, the laser scale panel bracket, the projection scale panel bracket, the outlet of a drainage building and the laser emission point G 3 Arbitrary I of the profile of the tongue k Feature point A on section 2 k-1 、A 2 k-2 、B 2 k-1 、B 2 k-2 Projection E of tab contour feature points 1 k-1 、E 1 k-2 、F 1 k-1 、F 1 k-2 Laser emission point G 3 In S 1 Upper parallel projection point G 1 ，I k The contour point of the water tongue on the section is S 1 Upper parallel projection point a 1 k-1 、A 1 k-2 、B 1 k-1 、B 1 k-2 。
Some of the first aspects may be implementedIn the mode, the water tongue plane S 2 Is positioned at the central section of the water tongue, the upper edge of the water tongue, the lower edge of the water tongue, the flip bucket and the projection point E of the water tongue outline 1 k-1 、E 1 k-2 、F 1 k-1 、F 1 k-2 Is positioned on the plane S of the water tongue 2 ；
In some implementations of the first aspect,
laser plane S 3 And a projection plane S 1 With the plane S of the water tongue 2 Parallel arrangement, water tongue plane S 2 Located at the laser plane S 3 And a projection plane S 1 The distance is constant, the origin of coordinates of three planes is parallel to the perpendicular of the three planes, and the three planes share the same coordinate system.
The water tongue plane S 2 For the section of the water tongue to be measured, the outlet of the water draining building, the upper edge of the water tongue, the lower edge of the water tongue, the flip bucket and any section I k Upper characteristic point A 2 k-1 、A 2 k-2 、B 2 k-1 、B 2 k-2 Is positioned on the plane S of the water tongue 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The A is 2 k-1 、A 2 k-2 For the swing interval of the upper edge of the section water tongue, the B 2 k-1 、B 2 k-2 Is the swing interval of the upper edge of the section water tongue;
the laser scale panel and the laser emission point G 3 Located at the laser plane S 3 ；
The projection scale panel and the arbitrary section I of the water tongue outline k Upper characteristic point A 2 k-1 、A 2 k-2 、B 2 k-1 、B 2 k-2 At S 1 Point E of projection corresponding to the upper part 1 k-1 、E 1 k-2 、F 1 k-1 、F 1 k-2 And the I is as follows k The profile feature point of the water tongue on the section is S 1 Upper orthogonal projection point a 1 k-1 、A 1 k-2 、B 1 k-1 、B 1 k-2 Laser emission point G 3 At S 1 Upper orthogonal projection point G 1 Are all positioned on the projection plane S 1 。
In some implementations of the first aspect, the stereoscopic space defined by the laser scale panel and the projection scale panel boundary includes a maximum profile range of the water tongue.
In some implementations of the first aspect, the light source emitted by the laser instrument is a surface light source with an included angle α, and the laser instrument can perform operations such as translation, rotation, and fixation on the laser scale panel; the sheet light source is arranged on the plane S of the water tongue 2 The projection length is longer than the arbitrary section I of the water tongue k The maximum width, the projection plane can receive the full projection of the laser.
The scale coordinate precision of the laser scale panel and the projection scale panel is millimeter, and the scale coordinate precision is consistent with the global coordinate system and is distributed throughout the whole panel.
In some implementations of the first aspect, the projection scale panel may be made of a graduated plastic plate, a curtain, or the like, and the laser scale panel may be made of a transparent graduated plastic plate to facilitate laser transmission.
In a second aspect, based on the device of the first aspect, a method for measuring the outline of an air water tongue of a drainage building and a turbulent boundary thereof is provided, and the principle and the steps of the method are as follows:
2.1 measurement rationale (FIG. 3)
The laser is located at the laser plane S 3 Known coordinate point G 3 (x 1 G ，y 1 G ) And emitting surface laser to the water tongue cross section AB, and projecting the water tongue cross section to EF on a projection scale panel. Due to the plane S 1 、S 2 、S 3 Parallel and common coordinate system, G 3 (x 3 G ，y 3 G )、A 2 (x 2 A ，y 2 A ) And B 2 (x 2 B ，y 2 B ) The points are respectively directed to S 1 Plane parallel projection corresponding to G respectively 1 (x 1 G ，y 1 G )、A 1 (x 1 A ，y 1 A ) And B 1 (x 1 B ，y 1 B ). From the following componentsParallel projection shows that x 3 G ＝x 1 G ，x 2 A ＝x 1 A ，x 2 B ＝x 1 B 。
Thus, at S 1 Plane, the coordinates can be determined from the coordinate relationship as: g 1 (x 3 G ，y 3 G )、A 1 (x 2 A ，y 2 A )、B 1 (x 2 B ，y 2 B )、E 1 (x 1 E ，y 1 E )、F 1 (x 1 F ，y 1 F ) Wherein G is 1 E is a known point 1 And F 1 Can be read directly from the scale (known), the unknown quantity is A 1 And B 1 。
The principle of triangle similarity is as follows:
and->
The principle of the parallel projection is that,
A 1 B 1 ＝A 2 B 2 ……………………………………………………………(1)
the ratio is represented by the formula (1),
in plane S 1 In the interior, the line segment fixed ratio and point coordinate formula comprises:
x 2 Ak-1 ＝(x 3 G +λx 1 Ek-1 )/(1+λ)……………………………………………(3)
y 2 Ak-1 ＝(y 3 G +λy 1 Ek-1 )/(1+λ)……………………………………………(4)
x 2 Ak-2 ＝(x 3 G +λx 1 Ek-2 )/(1+λ)……………………………………………(5)
y 2 Ak-2 ＝(y 3 G +λy 1 Ek-2 )/(1+λ)……………………………………………(6)
x 2 Bk-1 ＝(x 3 G +λx 1 Fk-1 )/(1+λ)……………………………………………(7)
y 2 Bk-1 ＝(y 3 G +λy 1 Fk-1 )/(1+λ)……………………………………………(8)
x 2 Bk-2 ＝(x 3 G +λx 1 Fk-2 )/(1+λ)……………………………………………(9)
y 2 Bk-2 ＝(y 3 G +λy 1 Fk-2 )/(1+λ)……………………………………………(10)
wherein x is 1 Ek-1 、y 1 Ek-1 Respectively E 1 k-1 Corresponding water tongue contour point A 2 k-1 Is the horizontal and vertical coordinates of (2); x is x 1 Ek-2 、y 1 Ek-2 Respectively E 1 k-2 Corresponding water tongue contour point A 2 k-2 Is the horizontal and vertical coordinates of (2); x is x 1 Fk-1 、y 1 Fk-1 Respectively F 1 k-1 Corresponding water tongue contour point B 2 k-1 Is the horizontal and vertical coordinates of (2); x is x 1 Fk-2 、y 1 Fk-2 Respectively F 1 k-2 Corresponding water tongue contour point B 2 k-2 And the abscissa of (2). Wherein,
2.2 measurement procedure
Step 1, determining a water tongue plane S by defining a research object 2 ：
The aerial water tongue is taken as a research object, the lateral projection outline of the water tongue is mainly obtained, the three-dimensional water tongue is generalized into the two-dimensional water tongue outline required to be measured, and the flow direction characteristic length is L. Under substantially symmetrical flow conditions, the center section of the tab may be defined as the tab plane S 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At the same time, a coordinate system is set in the plane, the flowing horizontal direction is taken as the X direction, the vertical direction is taken as the Y direction, the coordinate zero point can select the central point of the intersection of the initial section of the water tongue and the building bottom plate (S is determined for simplicity 1 After the plane is formed, the coordinate zero point is translated to S 1 )。
Step 2, determining a laser plane S 3 And a projection plane S 1 Setting a laser scale panel and a projection scale panel:
according to the actual condition of measurement, at the same level S as the tongue 2 Respectively determining laser planes S at a certain distance 3 And a projection plane S 1 Wherein S is 1 And S is 2 The distance between the two is a, S 3 And S is 2 The distance between them is b-a, respectively at S 1 And S is 3 The plane is provided with a projection scale panel and a laser scale panel, and the scale coordinates of the scale panel are unified with the system coordinates. Besides the measuring water tongue, the projection scale panel and the laser scale panel are as free of shielding as possible.
Under the allowable conditions of the test site and the like, preferably, a is approximately equal to b-a is approximately equal to (1-10) L; and when b is constant, the smaller the (b-a)/a is, the higher the measurement precision is, but the larger the laser surface spread angle is, the larger the area of the required projection scale panel is, so that the a and the b are required to be reasonably determined according to actual measurement conditions and measurement requirements.
Step 3, calculating a line segment fixed ratio punctuation coefficient lambda:
wherein a represents a projection plane S 1 And a water tongue plane S 2 The distance between b and the projection plane S 1 And a laser plane S 3 The distance between them, thereby obtaining b-a to represent the laser plane S 3 And a water tongue plane S 2 Distance between them.
Step 4, setting test conditions, and designing a measurement section:
the measuring section of the diversion tongue is set as I along the flow direction 1 、I 2 ，…，I k ，…，I n The total of n sections are uniformly arranged as much as possible.
Preferably, n is greater than 5, and the greater the value of n, the greater the accuracy of the tongue profile measurement.
Step 5, sequentially projecting laser, and recording data by a projection scale panel:
for any I k A section, a laser surface is translated and rotated on the laser scale panel, so that the laser surface covers the section I of the water tongue k The laser line light spot can be clearly seen on the projection scale panel. At this time, the laser is fixed, and the laser emission point coordinates G on the laser scale panel are read 3 (x 3 G ，y 3 G ) And a projection laser line characteristic point E shielded by a water tongue on a projection scale panel 1 k-1 (x 1 Ek-1 ，y 1 Ek-1 )、E 1 k-2 (x 1 Ek-2 ，y 1 Ek-2 )、F 1 k-1 (x 1 Fk-1 ，y 1 Fk-2 )、F 1 k-2 (x 1 Fk-2 ，y 1 Fk-2 ). Wherein E is 1 k-1 And E is 1 k-2 Is the characteristic point of the swing interval of the upper edge of the water tongue, F 1 k-1 And F 1 k-2 Is the characteristic point of the swing interval of the lower edge of the water tongue. And traversing each measuring section in sequence to finally obtain all the tab contour feature point coordinates of the n section projection scale panels.
Step 6, calculating coordinates of characteristic points of the water tongue profile, and delineating the boundary profile of the water tongue:
and (3) respectively calculating corresponding characteristic point coordinates of the water tongue profile according to formulas (3) to (10) based on the characteristic point coordinates of the projection water tongue recorded in the step (5).
And the coordinates of the characteristic points of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue are respectively connected in sequence, so that a water tongue profile curve graph can be obtained, wherein the water tongue profile curve graph comprises swinging areas (namely turbulent boundary) of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. by utilizing the principles of straight line propagation, reflection, transmission and the like of light, a light source which is not blocked by a water tongue linearly propagates, the light source which is blocked by a water tongue turbulence edge transmits or linearly propagates, and the light source which is blocked by a water tongue core area reflects or is absorbed by a water body, so that a light source plaque projected to a projection scale panel presents a water tongue core area, a turbulence boundary area and a water tongue outer area, and boundary points are clear, accurate and discernable.
2. The device and the method not only can obtain the time-averaged water tongue contour curve, but also can obtain the instantaneous turbulence boundary areas of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue, enrich the characteristic parameters of the water tongue, and have quality improvement compared with the traditional measuring method.
3. The device and the method are reliable in principle and objective in result, the artificial judgment error is greatly reduced by judging the boundary of the water tongue, the operation is rapid and convenient, and only the position of the laser instrument is required to be adjusted and the characteristic point data is required to be read, so that the test workload is greatly saved.
4. The device and the method have high degree of automatic secondary development, can automatically judge and identify the coordinates of the characteristic points of the tab projection laser line when the projection scale panel adopts photosensitive materials, can realize automatic measurement and calculation of tab characteristic data by being connected with a computer, and realize the automation of tab contour measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an aerial flap turbulence boundary.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a measurement tongue profile (with partial position enlarged view).
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of measuring the contour of the water tongue.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of measuring the air tongue profile and turbulent boundary of a drainage building.
Fig. 5 is a generalized schematic of an aerial water tongue.
Fig. 6 is a tongue shape of the first embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: the device comprises a projection plane 1, a projection scale panel 2, a projection scale panel bracket 3, a surface hole outlet 4, a water tongue plane 5, a water tongue upper edge 6, a water tongue lower edge 7, a laser plane 8, a laser instrument 9, a laser scale panel 10, a laser scale panel bracket 11, a water flow turbulence boundary area A and a water flow main flow area B.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
The invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method for an air water tongue profile and a turbulent boundary thereof of a drainage building, which can acquire the air water tongue profile and the turbulent boundary parameter thereof and can be used in a physical model test.
Definition of the boundary of turbulence of the water flow in the air (applicable to the invention): as shown in fig. 1, the water flow can be divided into two large areas according to the movement form of the water flow in the air, namely a main flow area B of the water flow and a turbulent flow boundary area A of the water flow; the water flow form of the water flow main flow area B is basically unchanged along with the time change, and the water flow form in the water flow turbulence boundary area A is dynamically changed along with the time change.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
1. the main components of the measuring device
See fig. 2, comprising: projection plane 1S 1 Tongue plane 5S 2 Laser plane 8S 3 Laser instrument 9, upper edge of water tongue 6, lower edge of water tongue 7, laser scale panel 10, projection scale panel 2, laser scale panel bracket 11, projection scale panel bracket 3, drainage building end, laser point G 3 ，I k On the sectionTongue contour point A 2 k-1 、A 2 k-2 、B 2 k-1 、B 2 k-2 Projection point E of the tongue contour point 1 k-1 、E 1 k-2 、F 1 k-1 、F 1 k-2 Laser spot G 3 In S 1 Upper parallel projection point G 1 ，I k The contour point of the water tongue on the section is S 1 Upper parallel projection point a 1 k-1 、A 1 k-2 、B 1 k-1 、B 1 k-2 。
The water tongue plane 5S 2 Is positioned at the central section of the water tongue, and the upper edge 6, the lower edge 7, the flip bucket and the projection point E of the water tongue outline are positioned at the upper edge 7 and the lower edge 7 of the water tongue 1 k-1 、E 1 k-2 、F 1 k-1 、F 1 k-2 Is positioned on the plane 5S of the water tongue 2 ；
The laser plane 8S 3 And a projection plane 1S 1 With the plane of the tongue 5S 2 The three plane coordinate origins are parallel to three plane vertical lines, and the directions of the axis lines of the three planes are the same;
the laser scale panel 10 and the laser spot G 3 Located in the laser plane 8S 3 In, the laser point G 3 Is a laser emission point;
the projection scale panel 2 and the tongue contour projection point E 1 k-1 、E 1 k-2 、F 1 k-1 、F 1 k-2 Laser spot G 3 At S 1 Upper parallel projection point G 1 ，I k The contour point of the water tongue on the section is S 1 Upper parallel projection point a 1 k-1 、A 1 k-2 、B 1 k-1 、B 1 k-2 Is positioned on the projection plane 1S 1 ；
The three-dimensional space formed by the boundaries of the laser scale panel and the projection scale panel 2 comprises a maximum contour range of the water tongue;
the laser is a surface light source, the width of the surface light source projected to the water tongue plane 5 is larger than the width of the maximum vertical axis of the water tongue, and the projection plane 1 can receive all projections of the laser;
the minimum accuracy of the scale coordinates of the laser scale panel 10 and the projection scale panel 2 is millimeter, and the whole panel is fully covered.
The light source emitted by the laser instrument 9 is a surface light source with an included angle alpha, and the laser instrument 9 can perform operations such as translation, rotation, fixation and the like on the laser scale panel 10.
The projection scale panel 2 may be made of a plastic plate with scales, a curtain, or the like, and the laser scale panel 10 may be made of a transparent plastic plate with scales, so as to facilitate laser transmission.
2. The measurement rationale is as above 2.1.
3. The measurement method and steps are shown in the flowchart of fig. 4.
(1) Determining the plane of the tongue 5S by defining the subject 2
Taking the aerial water tongue as a research object, mainly acquiring the lateral projection outline of the water tongue, and generalizing the three-dimensional water tongue into a two-dimensional water tongue along a central section as shown in fig. 5, wherein the flow direction characteristic length is L. Under substantially symmetrical flow conditions, the center section of the tab may be defined as the tab plane 5S 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At the same time, a coordinate system is set in the plane, the flowing horizontal direction is taken as the X direction, the vertical direction is taken as the Y direction, the coordinate zero point can select the central point of the intersection of the initial section of the water tongue and the building bottom plate (S is determined for simplicity 1 After the plane is formed, the coordinate zero point is translated to S 1 )。
(2) Determination of laser plane 8S 3 And a projection plane 1S 1 A laser scale panel 10 and a projection scale panel 2 are provided
According to the actual condition of measurement, in the plane of the tongue 5S 2 Respectively determining laser planes 8S at a certain distance 3 And a projection plane 1S 1 Wherein S is 1 And S is 2 The distance between the two is a, S 3 And S is 2 The distance between them is b-a, respectively at S 1 And S is 3 The plane is provided with a projection scale panel 2 and a laser scale panel 10, and the scale coordinates of the scale panel are unified with the system coordinates. Except for the measuring water tongue, the projection scale panel 2 and the laser scale panel 10 are as unobscured as possibleAnd (3) a baffle.
Under the allowable conditions of the test site and the like, preferably, a is approximately equal to b-a is approximately equal to (1-10) L; and when b is constant, the smaller (b-a)/a is, the higher the measurement precision is, but the larger the laser surface spread angle is, the larger the required area of the projection scale panel 2 is, so that a and b need to be reasonably determined according to actual measurement conditions and measurement requirements.
(3) Calculating line segment fixed ratio point coefficient lambda
From the measurement rationale, the line segment fixed ratio punctuation coefficient λ can be calculated by equation (1).
(4) Setting test conditions, designing and measuring section
As shown in FIG. 2, the measuring section of the diversion tongue is set as I along the flow direction 1 、I 2 ，…，I k ，…，I n The number of the cross sections is n, the distance between each two cross sections is basically equal, and the cross section direction is as orthogonal as possible to the axis of the water tongue.
Preferably, n is greater than 5, and the greater the value of n, the greater the accuracy of the tongue profile measurement.
(5) Sequentially projecting laser, and recording data by a projection scale panel
For I k A section, translating and rotating the laser surface on the laser scale panel 10 such that the laser surface covers the tab section I k The laser line spot can be clearly seen on the projection scale plate 2 (fig. 2). At this time, the laser is fixed, and the laser emission point coordinates G on the laser scale panel are read 3 (x 3 G ，y 3 G ) And a projection laser line characteristic point E which is blocked by a water tongue on the projection scale panel 2 1 k-1 (x 1 Ek-1 ，y 1 Ek-1 )、E 1 k-2 (x 1 Ek-2 ，y 1 Ek-2 )、F 1 k-1 (x 1 Fk-1 ，y 1 Fk-2 )、F 1 k-2 (x 1 Fk-2 ，y 1 Fk-2 ). Wherein E is 1 k-1 And E is 1 k-2 Is the characteristic point of the swing interval of the upper edge 6 of the water tongue, F 1 k-1 And F 1 k-2 Is the swing interval of the water tongue lower edge 7Feature points. And traversing each measuring section in sequence, projecting laser, recording the characteristic point coordinates of the water tongue projection light spots on the projection scale panel, and finally obtaining all the water tongue contour characteristic point coordinates of the n section projection scale panels 2.
(6) Calculating coordinates of characteristic points of the water tongue profile, and delineating the boundary profile of the water tongue
And (3) respectively calculating corresponding characteristic point coordinates of the water tongue profile according to formulas (3) to (10) based on the characteristic point coordinates of the projection water tongue recorded in the step (5).
And the coordinates of the characteristic points of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue are respectively connected in sequence, so that a water tongue profile curve graph can be obtained, wherein the water tongue profile curve graph comprises swinging areas (namely turbulent boundary) of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue.
Embodiment one:
some hydraulic engineering table Kong Yan has a top height 786.00m and an orifice width 11m. The weir surface adopts an open WES practical weir, the upstream of the weir top adopts a 1/4 elliptic curve, and the curve equation is thatThe weir surface curve is y= 0.04866x 1.85 The hole outlet side contracted at a contraction ratio of 0.3 and the floor depression angle of 35 ° (fig. 6).
A1:50 hydraulic model is established, the measuring scheme of the measuring instrument hole air water tongue profile is shown in fig. 7, and the measuring device mainly comprises: projection plane 1S 1 Tongue plane 5S 2 Laser plane 8S 3 Laser instrument 9, upper edge of water tongue 6, lower edge of water tongue 7, laser scale panel 10, projection scale panel 2, laser scale panel bracket 11, projection scale panel bracket 3, surface hole outlet 4, projection curtain fixing rope, water pool, laser point G 3 ，I k Contour point A of water tongue on section 2 k-1 、A 2 k-2 、B 2 k-1 、B 2 k-2 Projection point E of the tongue contour point 1 k-1 、E 1 k-2 、F 1 k-1 、F 1 k-2 Laser spot G 3 At S 1 Upper parallel projection point G 1 ，I k Contour point of water tongue on sectionAt S 1 Upper parallel projection point a 1 k-1 、A 1 k-2 、B 1 k-1 、B 1 k-2 。
The measuring step comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the plane of the tongue 5S by defining the subject 2
The surface hole air water tongue is taken as a research object, the lateral projection outline of the water tongue is mainly obtained, the water tongue can be generalized into a two-dimensional water tongue along a central section, the flow direction characteristic length of the water tongue is estimated to be about 1.5m, and the surface hole water tongue is basically symmetrical in the air and the surface hole central line is aligned with the center line of the plunge pool, so that the plane of the center line of the plunge pool is determined as a water tongue plane 5S 2 . At 5S 2 A coordinate system is set in the plane, the horizontal direction of the water flow is taken as the X direction, the vertical direction is taken as the Y direction, the left hand rule determines the Z direction, the coordinate zero point selects the intersection point of the initial section of the water tongue and the upper plane of the plunge pool (for simplicity, S is determined 1 Translating the coordinate zero point to S along the-Z direction after the plane 1 )。
(2) Determination of laser plane 8S 3 And a projection plane 1S 1 A laser scale panel 10 and a projection scale panel 2 are provided
On both sides of the aerial water tongue, parallel to 5S 2 Laser planes 8S are arranged at intervals of 1m respectively on the left and right 3 And a projection plane 1S 1 . A laser scale panel 10 is erected at the laser plane 8, a projection scale panel is arranged at the projection plane 1, and the laser scale panel 10 and the projection scale panel are regulated to unify the scale coordinates and the system coordinates.
(3) Calculating line segment fixed ratio point coefficient lambda
From the measurement basic principle, the value of the line segment fixed ratio point coefficient λ can be calculated by the formula (1) to be 1.
(4) Setting test conditions, designing and measuring section
The measuring section of the diversion tongue is set as I along the flow direction 1 、I 2 ，…，I 10 10 sections, each section being spaced about 15cm apart, each section being oriented substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tongue.
(5) Sequentially projecting laser, and recording data by a projection scale panel
I is as follows k By way of example, the laser surface is translated and rotated on the laser scale panel 10 such that the laser surface and the tab cross section I k Intersecting, laser surface projection water tongue measurement section I k The laser linear light spot which is blocked by the water tongue is projected on the scale projection panel 2, and the blocked linear light spot can be seen to project the swinging area. At the moment, the laser emission point coordinates G on the laser scale panel are read 3 (x 3 G ，y 3 G ) And a projection laser line characteristic point E which is blocked by a water tongue on the projection scale panel 2 1 k-1 (x 1 Ek-1 ，y 1 Ek-1 )、E 1 k-2 (x 1 Ek-2 ，y 1 Ek-2 )、F 1 k-1 (x 1 Fk-1 ，y 1 Fk-2 )、F 1 k-2 (x 1 Fk-2 ，y 1 Fk-2 ). Wherein E is 1 k-1 And E is 1 k-2 Is the characteristic point of the swing interval of the upper edge 6 of the water tongue, F 1 k-1 And F 1 k-2 Is a characteristic point of the swing interval of the water tongue lower edge 7. And traversing each measuring section in sequence, projecting laser, recording the characteristic point coordinates of the water tongue projection light spots of each measuring section on the projection scale panel, and finally obtaining all the water tongue contour characteristic point coordinates of the 11 section projection scale panels 2.
(6) Calculating coordinates of characteristic points of the water tongue profile, and delineating the boundary profile of the water tongue
And (3) respectively calculating corresponding characteristic point coordinates of the water tongue profile according to formulas (3) to (10) based on the characteristic point coordinates of the projection water tongue recorded in the step (5).
And the coordinates of the characteristic points of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue are respectively connected in sequence, so that a water tongue profile curve graph can be obtained, wherein the water tongue profile curve graph comprises swinging areas (namely turbulent boundary) of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue.
Embodiment two:
the main steps of this example are substantially identical to those of example 1, except that: the projection curtain on one side of the water tongue is changed into a panel with a light source receiver, so that the characteristic points of laser lines and spots on the projection boundary of the water tongue can be automatically judged, and the characteristic points of the water tongue are directly obtained through programming calculation and are drawn and displayed through connection with a computer.
The embodiment provides a method for automatically distinguishing linear light source characteristic points of a tab projection boundary by a computer, which is characterized in that the tab boundary of a section measured by laser is distinguished by distinguishing the intensity of light, the characteristic point coordinates are read, a laser projection light spot which is not interfered by the tab completely is considered to be 100% of light intensity, a projection light spot which is completely shielded or absorbed by the tab is considered to be 0 light intensity, and the middle transition section is subjected to linear interpolation fitting calculation. Based on the above, the instantaneous projection light intensity information can be read and recorded, and the variation interval of the water tongue boundary can be obtained through statistics, and the characteristic points of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue can also be obtained.
As described above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limiting the invention itself. Various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The measuring method of the air water tongue profile of the drainage building and the turbulent boundary thereof is realized based on the measuring device of the air water tongue profile of the drainage building and the turbulent boundary thereof, and the measuring device of the air water tongue profile of the drainage building and the turbulent boundary thereof comprises the following steps:
the plane of the water tongue is determined by taking the section of the center of the water tongue as a reference plane;
the upper edge of the water tongue, the lower edge of the water tongue, the flip bucket and a plurality of water tongue contour feature points are respectively arranged in the water tongue plane; the sections are arranged in a plurality along the flow direction, and the direction of each section is orthogonal to the axis of the water tongue;
the laser plane is arranged in parallel with the water tongue plane;
the laser scale panel is arranged in the laser plane;
the laser instrument is adjustably arranged on the laser scale panel;
the laser emission point is positioned on the laser scale panel;
the projection plane is provided with a projection scale panel;
the laser emission point emits a surface light source, the water tongue outline is projected into a projection plane, and the projection characteristic points of the water tongue outline are positioned in the projection plane;
the three-dimensional space formed by the boundaries of the laser scale panel and the projection scale panel comprises a maximum contour range of the water tongue;
the laser is a surface light source, the width of the surface light source projected to the plane of the water tongue is larger than the width of the maximum vertical axis of the water tongue, and the projection plane receives all projections of the laser;
the minimum precision of the scale coordinates of the laser scale panel and the projection scale panel is millimeter;
the included angle emitted by the laser instrument isIs a surface light source of (a);
the laser scale panel has preset transmittance, and the laser instrument emission point is positioned on the laser scale panel;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a water tongue plane S by defining a research object 2 ；
Step 2, determining a laser plane S 3 And a projection plane S 1 Setting a laser scale panel and a projection scale panel;
step 3, calculating the line segment fixed ratio point coefficient；
Step 4, setting test conditions and designing a measurement section; the measuring section of the diversion tongue is set as I along the flow direction 1 、I 2 ，…，I k ，…，I n N sections are used, and the intersecting characteristic points of the sections and the water tongue profile reflect the water tongue profile;
step 5, sequentially projecting laser, reading and recording data on a projection scale panel;
step 5-1, translating and rotating the laser surface on the laser scale panel so that the laser surface coversSection I of water tongue k The laser light spot is seen on the projection scale panel;
step 5-2, fixing the laser and reading the laser emission point coordinates G on the laser scale panel 3 （x 3 G ，y 3 G ) And a projection laser line characteristic point E shielded by a water tongue on a projection scale panel 1 k-1 （x 1 Ek-1 ，y 1 Ek-1 ）、E 1 k-2 （x 1 Ek-2 ，y 1 Ek-2 ）、F 1 k-1 （x 1 Fk-1 ，y 1 Fk-2 ）、F 1 k-2 （x 1 Fk-2 ，y 1 Fk-2 ）；
Wherein E is 1 k-1 And E is 1 k-2 Is the characteristic point of the swing interval of the upper edge of the water tongue, F 1 k-1 And F 1 k-2 Is a swing interval characteristic point of the lower edge of the water tongue;
step 5-3, traversing each measuring section in sequence, projecting laser, recording the characteristic point coordinates of the water tongue projection light spots on the projection scale panel, and finally obtaining all water tongue contour characteristic point coordinates of the n section projection scale panels;
and 6, calculating coordinates of characteristic points of the water tongue profile, and delineating the boundary profile of the water tongue.
2. The method of measuring the air tongue profile and its turbulence border of a drainage building of claim 1, wherein step 1 further comprises:
taking an aerial water tongue as a research object, acquiring a water tongue lateral projection contour, and generalizing a three-dimensional water tongue into a two-dimensional water tongue along a central section, wherein the flow direction characteristic length is L;
under substantially symmetrical flow conditions, the center section of the water tongue is determined as the water tongue plane S 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And setting a coordinate system in the plane, taking the flowing horizontal direction as the X direction and the vertical direction as the Y direction, and selecting a central point at which the initial section of the water tongue and the building bottom plate intersect by a coordinate zero point.
3. The method of measuring the air tongue profile and its turbulence border of a drainage building of claim 2, wherein step 2 further comprises:
according to the actual condition of measurement, at the same level S as the tongue 2 Determining laser planes S at predetermined distances respectively 3 And a projection plane S 1 Wherein S is 1 And S is 2 The distance between the two is a, S 3 And S is 2 The distance between them is b-a, respectively at S 1 And S is 3 The plane is provided with a projection scale panel and a laser scale panel, and the scale coordinates of the projection scale panel and the laser scale panel are unified with the system coordinates;
the projection between the projection scale panel and the laser scale panel should be free of shielding except for the measured water tongue.
4. The method for measuring the air tongue profile and the turbulence boundary of a drainage building according to claim 2, wherein the equation for calculating the line segment fixed ratio point coefficient in the step 3 is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,representing a projection plane S 1 And a water tongue plane S 2 Distance between->Representing a projection plane S 1 And a laser plane S 3 Distance between them, thereby get->Representing the laser plane S 3 And a water tongue plane S 2 Distance between them.
5. The method of measuring the air tongue profile and its turbulence border of a drainage building of claim 1, wherein step 6 further comprises:
step 6-1, calculating corresponding tab contour feature point coordinates according to a similar proportional relationship based on the projection laser line feature point coordinates recorded in the step 5-2;
and 6-2, respectively and sequentially connecting the characteristic point coordinates of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue to obtain a water tongue profile curve graph which comprises swinging areas of the upper edge and the lower edge of the water tongue.
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| CN102322821A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-01-18 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Equipment and method for automatically measuring water escape nappe shape in hydraulic model test |
| CN107339947A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2017-11-10 | 重庆都英科技有限公司 | A kind of blank automatic detection device |
| CN109506593A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-03-22 | 南昌工程学院 | The device and application method that the trajectory nappe angle of emergence, immersion angle measure |
| CN209166362U (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-07-26 | 昆山建晶电子有限公司 | A kind of amplification detection pitch |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102322821A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-01-18 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Equipment and method for automatically measuring water escape nappe shape in hydraulic model test |
| CN107339947A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2017-11-10 | 重庆都英科技有限公司 | A kind of blank automatic detection device |
| CN109506593A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-03-22 | 南昌工程学院 | The device and application method that the trajectory nappe angle of emergence, immersion angle measure |
| CN209166362U (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-07-26 | 昆山建晶电子有限公司 | A kind of amplification detection pitch |
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