CN113661597A - 具有用于防止连环起火的能量消耗电阻器的电池组 - Google Patents
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Abstract
根据本公开内容的电池组包括:沿着至少一个方向布置的多个电池模块;电阻器,其连接至电池模块之中的异常工作的异常电池模块以吸收能量;设置为检测异常电池模块的事件检测单元;开关模块,其将电池模块的每一个与电阻器连接或断开来选择性地形成闭合电路;和控制单元,其从事件检测单元接收信息并且控制开关模块在异常电池模块与电阻器之间形成电流路径。
Description
技术领域
本公开内容涉及一种电池组,该电池组具有当在电池组中的特定模块中发生事件时用于防止向相邻模块的连环起火的装置。
本申请要求于2019年8月9日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2019-0097677号的权益,通过引用将该韩国专利申请的公开内容全部并入本文。
背景技术
与不可再充电的一次电池相反,二次电池是可再充电的,二次电池不仅用作诸如移动电话、PDA和笔记本电脑之类的高科技小型电子装置的电源,而且还用作能量储存***(ESS)、电动车辆(EV)或混合动力车辆(HEV)的电源。
目前广泛使用的二次电池包括锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池、镍锌电池等。单位二次电池单元或单位电池单元的工作电压为约2.5V至4.2V。因此,当需要更高的输出电压和能量容量时,可将多个电池单元串联连接来构建电池模块,或者可将两个或更多电池模块串联或并联连接并且可添加其他部件来构建电池组。例如,电池模块可包括串联或并联连接的多个二次电池,并且电池组可包括串联或并联连接的电池模块,以增大容量和输出。
二次电池通过电化学反应充电和放电,并且在充电和放电期间,产生热量。在这种情况下,当热量不能被很好地释放时,劣化会加速,并且在一些情况下,可能发生起火或***。然而,由于电池组是电池模块的集合体,所以当在特定电池模块中发生二次电池起火或***时,在相邻电池模块中发生连环起火或连环***的风险较高。特别是,汽车电池组需要安全装置,因为起火或***会导致人身伤害。
因此,大多数电池组包括冷却装置,以监测每个电池模块的温度并且将温度保持在适当的水平,但是没有在紧急情况下用于防止连环起火或连环***的装置。
发明内容
技术问题
设计本公开内容来解决上述问题,因此本公开内容旨在提供一种具有安全装置的电池组,该安全装置用于当在电池组中的特定电池模块中发生事件时防止向相邻电池模块的连环起火或连环***。
本公开内容的这些及其他目的和优点可通过以下描述来理解,并且通过本公开内容的实施方式将变得显而易见的。此外,将容易理解的是,本公开内容的目的和优点可通过权利要求中的手段及其组合来实现。
技术方案
根据本公开内容的一个方面,提供了一种电池组,包括:沿着至少一个方向布置的多个电池模块;电阻器,所述电阻器连接至所述电池模块之中的异常工作的异常电池模块以吸收能量;设置为检测所述异常电池模块的事件检测单元;开关模块,所述开关模块将所述电池模块的每一个与所述电阻器连接或断开来选择性地形成闭合电路;和控制单元,所述控制单元从所述事件检测单元接收信息并且控制所述开关模块在所述异常电池模块与所述电阻器之间形成电流路径。
所述电池组可进一步包括:与所述电池模块交替布置的分隔件。
所述分隔件可设置为具有供冷却水流动的通道的冷却板,并且所述分隔件设置成与每个电池模块的至少一个侧面接触。
所述电阻器可设置成与所述冷却板之一接触。
所述电阻器可接触与按照布置顺序的最外侧的电池模块接触的冷却板,并且所述冷却板的一个表面与所述电池模块接触,并且所述冷却板的另一个表面与所述电阻器接触。
所述电阻器可包括块和设置在所述块中的电热丝,所述块具有接触所述冷却板的表面。
所述开关模块可包括各自设置在每个电池模块的正端子与所述电阻器的一侧之间的电流路径上和每个电池模块的负端子与所述电阻器的另一侧之间的电流路径上的开关。
所述控制单元可配置为通过选择性地导通所述开关中的一些开关来将所述异常电池模块电连接至所述电阻器。
所述控制单元可配置为通过选择性地导通所述开关中的一些开关来将至少一个所述异常电池模块电连接至所述电阻器。
根据本公开内容的另一个方面,提供了一种包括所述电池组的车辆。所述车辆可包括电动车辆(EV)或混合动力车辆(HEV)。
有益效果
根据本公开内容的一个方面,当预期到电池组内的特定电池模块将发生事件时,可通过经由电阻器释放相应电池模块的能量来防止向相邻电池模块的连环起火或连环***。
根据本公开内容的另一个方面,在正常状况下可利用具有冷却功能的分隔件来冷却电池模块,当发生事件时,可阻止异常电池模块产生热量,从而防止电池模块的连环起火或连环***,并且同时可在消耗能量时冷却电阻器。
本公开内容的其他效果可通过以下描述来理解,并且将通过本公开内容的实施方式更清楚地理解。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开内容一实施方式的电池组的框图。
图2是示出根据本公开内容一实施方式的电池组的主要部件的示意图。
图3和图4是图解根据本公开内容一实施方式,在能量消耗之前和之后电池组的电路图。
图5和图6是图解根据本公开内容另一实施方式,在能量消耗之前和之后电池组的电路图。
具体实施方式
下文中,将参照附图详细地描述本公开内容的优选实施方式。在描述之前,应当理解,在说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语或词语不应被解释为限于一般含义和字典含义,而是应当基于允许发明人为了最佳解释而适当地定义术语的原则,在对应于本公开内容的技术方面的含义和概念的基础上来解释。因此,本文描述的实施方式和附图中示出的例示仅是本公开内容的一些优选实施方式,并非旨在完全描述本公开内容的技术方面,因此应当理解,在提交本申请时可对其做出各种其他等同和修改。
图1是根据本公开内容一实施方式的电池组的框图,图2是示出根据本公开内容一实施方式的电池组的主要部件的示意图。
参照图1和图2,根据本公开内容一实施方式的电池组包括:多个电池模块10、电阻器20、事件检测单元30、开关模块40、控制单元50和分隔件60。
虽然未示出,但是电池组进一步包括容纳电池模块10的电池组壳体以及控制电池模块10的充电和放电的各种类型的装置,诸如电池管理***(BMS)、电流传感器、保险丝等。
电池模块10可安装在电池组壳体中并且可沿着至少一个方向彼此相邻地布置。在该实施方式中,虽然图2中示出了沿一个方向布置的三个电池模块10,但是电池模块10可以以各种布置方式,例如,以1X1或2X2的矩阵布置方式来布置,并且电池模块10的数量没有特别限制。
每个电池模块10都包括电池单元11以及容纳电池单元11的模块壳体12。电池单元11可包括袋型二次电池单元。
如图2中所示,袋型二次电池单元可在彼此的顶部上进行堆叠并且被容纳在模块壳体12的内部空间中。此外,模块壳体12的内壁与袋型二次电池单元的两个边缘之间的空间可填充热界面材料(TIM,Thermal Interface Material)13。在这种情况下,TIM 13可包括具有高导热性的导热垫或树脂。袋型二次电池单元产生的热量可通过TIM 13和模块壳体12的两侧传递到与模块壳体12接触的分隔件60。
分隔件60和电池模块10可交替布置,使得分隔件60插置在电池模块10之间。例如,可通过分隔件60将电池组壳体的内部空间划分为多个空间,并且可在每个空间中安装每个电池模块10。
以此方式,当每个电池模块10被放置在由分隔件60划分的空间中时,即使在特定电池模块10中发生事件,分隔件60也可防止该事件影响其他电池模块10,由此使损害最小化(在此,由于过热、冒烟、起火或***而使电池模块10置于异常环境中的情况统称为发生事件)。
在本公开内容中,分隔件60可设置用来划分安装电池模块10的空间并且吸收来自每个电池模块10的热量。例如,分隔件60可设置成在其中具有通道61的冷却板60的形式并且可用作散热器来吸收电池模块10的热量。
更详细地描述,冷却板60可设置成板的形式,该板具有供冷却水循环的通道61并且该板的尺寸等于或大于电池模块10的侧面的尺寸,冷却板60可与电池模块10的一个侧面接触以冷却电池模块10。
虽然未示出,但是冷却板60可进一步包括冷却水入口和出口,冷却水入口和出口延伸到冷却板60的内部/外部并且与通道61连通,以使冷却水沿着通道61循环。这两个口可连接至安装在电池组的内部/外部的冷却管,以接收冷却水。
如上所述,在本公开内容中,冷却板60可插置在电池模块10之间,以在正常状况下起到冷却每个电池模块10的作用,并且当发生事件时,冷却板60可用作阻挡其中发生事件的特定电池模块10的火焰或冲击的保护壁,以便保护其他电池模块10。
另一方面,如上所述,根据本公开内容的电池组包括电阻器20、事件检测单元30、开关模块40和控制单元50,以在发生事件时将异常电池模块10的能量最小化。这是为了通过将其中已发生事件的特定电池模块10的能量迅速消耗来消除该事件传播到周围的电池模块10的风险。
下文中,将参照图3和图4连同图1和图2一起详细地描述根据本公开内容一实施方式的特定电池模块10的能量消耗***。
如图2和图3中所示,每个电池模块10可通过开关模块40与一个电阻器20并联连接。
作为参考,可准备与电池模块10的数量对应的多个电阻器20,并且每个电池模块10和每个电阻器20可一对一地匹配,但是随着电阻器20的数量增加,电池组的每单位体积的能量密度会降低,成本会增加并且会增加组装工序的负担。此外,由于电阻器20配置为消耗处于异常工作的特定电池模块10的能量,所以在电池组中设置多个电阻器20是不好的。因此,本公开内容通过开关模块40将一个电阻器20与电池模块10的每一个连接或断开,从而与特定电池模块10选择性地形成闭合电路。
事件检测单元30配置为检测特定电池模块10,即,电池模块10之中的发生事件的异常电池模块10,事件检测单元30可包括气体检测单元31和温度测量单元32。
气体检测单元31可包括设置在每个电池模块10中的至少一个气体传感器。气体传感器可包括可燃气体传感器,例如,接触燃烧传感器、半导体传感器(Pd栅极MOSFET)、陶瓷气体传感器(ZnO、F2O3、SnO2、NiO、CoO)等。
温度测量单元32可包括设置在每个电池模块10中的至少一个温度传感器。温度传感器可包括通过与电池单元11接触来测量热量的接触型温度传感器、或者测量从电池单元11辐射的电热丝22的非接触型温度传感器。
如图3中所示,开关模块40可包括各自设置在每个电池模块10的正端子与电阻器20的一侧之间的电流路径上和每个电池模块10的负端子与电阻器20的另一侧之间的电流路径上的开关。
开关在正常状况下保持断开(off)状态,仅在发生事件时选择性地工作在导通(on)状态。例如,开关可包括机械开关或电子继电器开关。
控制单元50起这样的作用,即,从事件检测单元30接收信息并且控制开关模块40在异常电池模块10与电阻器20之间形成电流路径。
可使用专用集成电路(ASIC,application specific integrated circuits)、数字信号处理器(DSP,digital signal processors)、数字信号处理器件(DSPD,digitalsignal processing devices)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD,programmable logic devices)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA,field programmable gate arrays)、微处理器(microprocessors)或用于执行其他功能的电子单元中的至少一种的硬件来实现控制单元50。控制单元50可包括存储器。
存储器储存装置的整体操作所需的数据、命令和软件,并且存储器可包括以下至少一种类型的存储介质:闪存型(flash memory type)、硬盘型(hard disk type)、固态盘(SSD)型(Solid State Disk type)、硅盘驱动(SDD)型(Silicon Disk Drive type)、多媒体卡微型(multimedia card micro type)、随机存取存储器(RAM,random accessmemory)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM,static random access memory)、只读存储器(ROM,read-only memory)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM,electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory)或可编程只读存储器(PROM,programmable read-onlymemory)。
具体地,当特定电池模块10中发生事件时,消耗***的操作的示例如下。
例如,当电池模块M2中发生事件时,气体传感器或温度传感器操作并且将信号发送至控制单元50。如图4中所示,控制单元50基于该信号将开关S2和S3控制为导通(on)状态并且将开关S1和S4控制为断开(off)状态,以使电流在特定电池模块M2与电阻器20之间流动。因而,电池模块M2的能量可被电阻器20快速消耗。
相比之下,当假定电池模块M3中发生事件时,控制器50可将开关S3和S4控制为导通(on)状态并且将开关S1和S2控制为断开(off)状态,以将电池模块M3连接至电阻器20,以便消耗能量。
此外,当假定电池模块M1中发生事件时,控制单元50可将开关S1和S2控制为导通(on)状态并且将开关S3和S4控制为断开(off)状态,以将电池模块M1连接至电阻器20,以便消耗能量。
另外,在能量消耗过程期间由电阻器20产生的热能可通过上述冷却板60释放。
为此,电阻器20可包括块21和设置在块21中的电热丝22,块21具有接触冷却板60的表面。电热丝22的一侧和另一侧可连接至各电池模块10。
返回参照图2,电阻器20可设置成接触与按布置顺序位于最外侧的电池模块10接触的冷却板60。在此,冷却板60的一个表面可用于与电池模块10的右表面接触,并且冷却板60的另一个表面可用于与电阻器20接触。
这样,本公开内容通过将电阻器20安装在设置于最外侧电池模块10的外表面上的冷却板60上,同时解决了电阻器20的热能释放和电阻器20的空间有效安装的问题。
随后,将参照图5和图6描述根据本公开内容另一实施方式的电池组。
根据本公开内容另一实施方式的电池组具有与根据上述实施方式的电池组大致相同的构造,不同之处仅在于电池组和开关模块40的构造。将省略相同元件的描述。
上述实施方式的开关模块40配置为将其中发生事件的一个特定电池模块10连接至电阻器20,而本公开内容另一实施方式的开关模块40配置为同时应对两个或更多个电池模块10中发生的事件。此外,本实施方式的控制单元50配置为通过选择性地导通开关中的一些开关来控制开关模块40将至少一个异常电池模块10电连接至电阻器20。
例如,根据本实施方式的能量消耗电路可如图5中所示那样实现。可通过给图3的电路在节点a与节点c之间以及在节点b与节点d之间各自再添加一个支路和开关,并且在节点a与节点b之间再添加一个开关来实现能量消耗电路。此外,在本实施方式中,在正常状况下,开关S1至S6设置在断开(off)状态,开关S7设置在导通(on)状态。
根据该能量消耗电路构造,例如,当电池模块M2中发生事件时,气体传感器或温度传感器操作并且将信号发送至控制单元50,控制单元50基于该信号将开关S2、S3和S7控制为导通(on)状态并且将剩余所有开关S1、S4、S5、S6控制为断开(off)状态。在这种情况下,电池模块M2的能量可被电阻器20快速消耗。
当假定电池模块M1和M3中同时发生事件时,如图6中所示,控制单元50将开关S1、S2、S3、S4控制为导通(on)状态并且将开关S5、S6和S7控制为断开(off)状态,以将电池模块M1和M2连接至电阻器20,以便消耗它们的能量。
此外,当假定电池模块M2和M3中同时发生事件时,控制单元50可将开关S4、S5、S7控制为导通(on)状态并且将剩余所有开关S1,S2、S3、S6控制为断开(off)状态,以将电池模块M2和M3连接至电阻器20,以便消耗它们的能量。
因此,根据本公开内容另一实施方式的电池组可应对在多个电池模块10中同时发生事件的情况,因而比上述实施方式的电池组更加安全。
如上所述的根据本公开内容的电池组可应用于车辆,诸如电动车辆或混合动力车辆。当然,电池组可应用于能量储存***或其他IT产品。
虽然上面已经示出并描述了本公开内容的优选实施方式,但是本公开内容不限于上述特定的优选实施方式,对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不背离本公开内容的主题的情况下,可对本公开内容做出各种修改,这些修改落入所附权利要求的范围内。
应当注意,本文使用的指示方向的术语,诸如上、下、左和右,仅为便于描述而使用,对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,该术语可根据观察者或所阐述的元件的位置而改变。
Claims (10)
1.一种电池组,包括:
沿着至少一个方向布置的多个电池模块;
电阻器,所述电阻器连接至所述电池模块之中的异常工作的异常电池模块以吸收能量;
设置为检测所述异常电池模块的事件检测单元;
开关模块,所述开关模块将所述电池模块的每一个与所述电阻器连接或断开来选择性地形成闭合电路;和
控制单元,所述控制单元从所述事件检测单元接收信息并且控制所述开关模块在所述异常电池模块与所述电阻器之间形成电流路径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,进一步包括:
与所述电池模块交替布置的分隔件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池组,其中所述分隔件设置为具有供冷却水流动的通道的冷却板,并且所述分隔件设置成与每个电池模块的至少一个侧面接触。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电池组,其中所述电阻器设置成与所述冷却板之一接触。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电池组,其中所述电阻器接触与按照布置顺序的最外侧的电池模块接触的冷却板,并且
所述冷却板的一个表面与所述电池模块接触,并且所述冷却板的另一个表面与所述电阻器接触。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电池组,其中所述电阻器包括块和设置在所述块中的电热丝,所述块具有接触所述冷却板的表面。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池组,其中所述开关模块包括各自设置在每个电池模块的正端子与所述电阻器的一侧之间的电流路径上和每个电池模块的负端子与所述电阻器的另一侧之间的电流路径上的开关。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电池组,其中所述控制单元配置为通过选择性地导通所述开关中的一些开关来将所述异常电池模块电连接至所述电阻器。
9.根据权利要求7所述的电池组,其中所述控制单元配置为通过选择性地导通所述开关中的一些开关来将至少一个所述异常电池模块电连接至所述电阻器。
10.一种车辆,包括根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池组。
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EP3958341A1 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
KR20210017842A (ko) | 2021-02-17 |
JP2022507932A (ja) | 2022-01-18 |
US11764447B2 (en) | 2023-09-19 |
WO2021029524A1 (ko) | 2021-02-18 |
EP3958341A4 (en) | 2022-06-15 |
US20220021090A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
JP7186876B2 (ja) | 2022-12-09 |
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