CN113649824A - Five-axis cradle processing machine tool - Google Patents
Five-axis cradle processing machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN113649824A CN113649824A CN202110943244.3A CN202110943244A CN113649824A CN 113649824 A CN113649824 A CN 113649824A CN 202110943244 A CN202110943244 A CN 202110943244A CN 113649824 A CN113649824 A CN 113649824A
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- cradle
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- spindle box
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 9
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
- B23Q1/015—Frames, beds, pillars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/001—Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
- B23Q5/28—Electric drives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
- B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
- B23Q5/38—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
- B23Q5/40—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Machine Tool Units (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a five-axis cradle processing machine tool, which comprises a gantry type base, a cross beam, a main spindle box and a cradle workbench, wherein the cross beam is arranged on the gantry type base in a sliding manner, a saddle is arranged on the main spindle box in a sliding manner, the moving direction of the saddle is mutually vertical to that of the cross beam, and the main spindle box is arranged on the saddle in a lifting manner; the moving direction of the beam is the Y-axis direction, the moving direction of the saddle is the X-axis direction, and the moving direction of the main spindle box is the Z-axis direction; the cradle workbench is rotatably arranged on the gantry type base and is positioned below the main spindle box, and the cradle workbench can rotate around the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. Through the cooperation of the cross beam sliding along the Y-axis direction, the saddle sliding along the X-axis direction, the spindle box sliding along the Z-axis direction and the cradle workbench moving around the Z-axis and the Y-axis, the machine tool has five-axis linkage characteristics, realizes multi-process machining of workpieces, and is beneficial to improving machining precision and machining efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining equipment, in particular to a five-axis cradle machining tool.
Background
Along with the development of science and technology, the demand of the domestic society for automobiles is increasing day by day, the demand of automobile production is increasing gradually, and the demand of the machining output of main parts (hubs) in the automobiles is also increasing continuously. Due to the special characteristics of high requirements on the matching size and the surface, a machine tool is required to carry out precision machining on the hub.
The truck hub has the characteristics of large mass, large size, high surface hardness, high surface machining precision requirement and complex machining structure. At present, the hub is machined by adopting a universal standard machine tool in China, so that key problems of unqualified machining precision, great machine tool waste, low machining efficiency and the like are caused.
The existing chinese patent with publication number CN204912949U discloses a special machine tool for hub machining, which includes a machine tool body, wherein the cutting device includes a first tool rest fixed on a support plate, a second tool rest connected to the support plate in a transverse sliding manner, the support plate is further provided with a third power portion for driving the second tool rest to slide, the first tool rest is provided with a first cutting tool and a second cutting tool for machining the end face of the hub, and a first driving portion for driving the first cutting tool and the second cutting tool to rotate, the second tool rest is provided with a third cutting tool for machining the rim of the hub, a fourth cutting tool for machining the rim chamfer, a fifth cutting tool for cutting off the hub waste, and a second driving portion for driving the third cutting tool, the fourth cutting tool and the fifth cutting tool to rotate.
The inventor considers that the machine tool in the prior art is difficult to process the hub in multiple steps, has low precision and poor efficiency, and has a place to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a five-axis cradle processing machine tool.
The five-axis cradle processing machine tool comprises a gantry type base, a cross beam, a main spindle box and a cradle workbench, wherein the cross beam is arranged on the gantry type base in a sliding mode, a saddle is arranged on the main spindle box in a sliding mode, the moving direction of the saddle is perpendicular to that of the cross beam, and the main spindle box is arranged on the saddle in a lifting mode; the moving direction of the cross beam is the Y-axis direction, the moving direction of the saddle is the X-axis direction, and the moving direction of the spindle box is the Z-axis direction; the cradle workbench rotates and is arranged on the gantry type base, the cradle workbench is located below the spindle box, and the cradle workbench can rotate around the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
Preferably, the beam, the saddle and the spindle box are respectively driven by a driving assembly, the driving assembly comprises a screw rod and a driving motor, and the axial direction of any screw rod is the same as the moving direction of the corresponding beam, saddle or spindle box.
Preferably, a supporting device is connected between the screw rod and the machine tool, the supporting device comprises a motor end supporting group and a tailstock end supporting group, one end of the screw rod is rotatably installed in the motor end supporting group, and the other end of the screw rod is rotatably installed in the tailstock end supporting group; the motor end support group comprises a motor base, one end of the screw rod extends into the motor base, and a first angular contact ball bearing is connected between the screw rod and the motor base; the tailstock end support group comprises a bearing seat, the other end of the screw rod extends into the bearing seat, a second angular contact ball bearing is connected between the screw rod and the bearing seat, a second bearing gland is fixedly connected to one side, close to the motor end support group, of the bearing seat, and a stretching adjusting pad is arranged between the second bearing gland and the bearing seat.
Preferably, a gravity center balancing device is arranged on the machine tool and used for balancing the gravity of the main spindle box.
Preferably, the gravity center balancing device comprises a balancing cylinder and a gas storage device, a cylinder body of the balancing cylinder is fixedly connected with a machine tool saddle, and a piston rod of the balancing cylinder is hinged with the outer wall of the spindle box; the two balancing cylinders are respectively arranged on two sides of the spindle box, and the gas outlet of the gas storage device is respectively communicated with the two balancing cylinders.
Preferably, a ring spraying cooling device for spraying cooling liquid to the workpiece is arranged on the spindle box.
Preferably, the annular spraying cooling device comprises an installation shell, a circulation cavity is arranged in the installation shell, the circulation cavity is communicated end to form a closed structure, a cooling inlet is formed in the installation shell, and the cooling inlet is communicated with the circulation cavity; and a ring nozzle is arranged on the mounting shell and is communicated with the circulation cavity.
Preferably, the gantry base comprises a base platform, at least two upright posts and connecting beams, the at least two upright posts are vertically arranged on the base platform, the connecting beams are arranged at the tops of the upright posts, and the connecting beams are used for connecting the upright posts; the side wall of the upright post is provided with a sand discharge vent hole; the chip removal funnel is arranged on the base platform, and a chip removal channel communicated with the outside of the base platform is arranged at the bottom of the chip removal funnel.
Preferably, the cradle table is arranged above the chip removal funnel, and a gap allowing the waste liquid and the waste chips to pass through is formed between the cradle table and the chip removal funnel.
Preferably, the cradle worktable comprises a supporting part and a cradle part, the cradle part is used for clamping a workpiece to be machined, the supporting part is rotatably arranged on the gantry-type base, and the supporting part can rotate around the X-axis direction; the cradle part is rotatably arranged on the supporting part, and when the supporting part is in a horizontal state, the cradle part can rotate around the Z-axis direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through the matching action of the cross beam sliding along the Y-axis direction, the saddle sliding along the X-axis direction, the spindle box sliding along the Z-axis direction and the cradle workbench moving around the Z-axis and the Y-axis, the machine tool has five-axis linkage characteristics, realizes multi-process machining of workpieces, and is beneficial to improving the machining precision and the machining efficiency;
2. the driving motor, the screw rod and the guide rail are matched to drive the beam, the saddle or the spindle box, so that the stability of the motion of the beam, the saddle and the spindle box is improved;
3. according to the invention, the grating ruler is arranged on the main shaft, the in-place detection result is fed back, and the stroke system is in a closed loop, so that the precision of the machine tool is improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a machine tool embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a gantry base embodying the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an integrated structure of a base according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the side overall structure of a gantry base embodying the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a cross beam embodying the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall cross-sectional structure of a beam embodying the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the overall structure of a bearing gusset embodying the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a support structure embodying the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a motor end support assembly embodying the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a tailstock end support assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a balancing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the balancing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of the overall structure of a cooling apparatus embodying the invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the lower surface of the overall structure of a cooling apparatus embodying the invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional view showing the overall structure of a cooling apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the upper side structure of a gantry-type base, which mainly embodies the invention.
Shown in the figure:
crossbeam 1 motor end support group 301 gas storage device 401
The side plate 1012 drives the motor 304 mounting portion 404;
Arc 1014 mounting groove 3051 gimbal 407
Inclined rib plate 1023 lower sealing plate 502 of first bearing cover 3010
Second bearing cap 3015 locking screw 505 of narrow reinforcing rib plate 105
Weight-reducing cavity 106 stretching adjusting pad 3016 process plug 506
Through web 209 cradle portion 72
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the five-axis cradle processing machine tool provided by the invention comprises a gantry type base 2, a beam 1, a main spindle box 406 and a cradle worktable 7, wherein the beam 1 is slidably arranged on the gantry type base 2, a saddle 6 is slidably arranged on the main spindle box 406, the moving direction of the saddle 6 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the beam 1, and the main spindle box 406 is arranged on the saddle 6 in a lifting manner. The moving direction of the beam 1 is the Y-axis direction, the moving direction of the saddle 6 is the X-axis direction, and the moving direction of the spindle box 406 is the Z-axis direction. Cradle table 7 rotates and sets up on planer-type base 2, cradle table 7 is located the below of headstock 406, just cradle table 7 can rotate around X axle direction and Z axle direction.
The five-axis linkage characteristic of the machine tool is realized by the saddle 6 moving along the X-axis direction, the beam 1 moving along the Y-axis direction, the main spindle box 406 moving along the Z-axis direction and the cradle workbench 7 rotating around the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The lathe can support special hydraulically operated fixture of wheel hub, can realize the whole set of course of working such as clamping, rough machining, finish machining, unloading to the truck wheel hub. The problems of multiple working procedures, multiple machine tools and the like in the existing processing process of the truck hub are effectively solved. The precision, stability and efficiency of kappa wheel hub processing have been promoted etc.
As shown in fig. 2, the gantry base 2 is an installation base of the beam 1, the headstock 406 and the cradle table 7, the gantry base 2 includes a base 201, a column 202 and a connecting beam 204, and the base 201, the column 202 and the connecting beam 204 are all cast and integrally formed and are matched to form a gantry structure, so that the structural strength and rigidity of the overall structure of the gantry base 2 are improved.
The base station 201 bottom is through the lower margin parallels installation subaerial, and the structure is firm, and base station 201 is the most basic part in base below. The upright posts 202 are vertically formed on the left side and the right side of the rear part of the base 201 respectively, and the two upright posts 202 are identical in shape, size and structure. The connecting beam 204 is cast on the top of the two upright posts 202, and the connecting beam 204 and the base 201 are horizontally arranged at intervals. A machining area is formed on the upper side of the base 201, and the machining area is adjacent to a vertical projection area of the connecting beam 204 on the base 201.
As shown in fig. 2. The chip removal funnel 206 is integrally formed in the base platform 201, the chip removal funnel 206 is positioned in the middle of the machining area, the chip removal channel 207 is integrally formed at the bottom of the chip removal funnel 206 and positioned in the middle of the base platform 201, and the base platform 201 is left-right symmetrical by taking the chip removal channel 207 as a symmetrical axis. Both ends of the debris discharge channel 207 penetrate through the base 201 and are connected with the outside, the opening of the debris discharge funnel 206 is rectangular, and the side wall of the debris discharge funnel 206 gradually shrinks from top to bottom towards the debris discharge channel 207. Waste liquid and waste chips generated in the work fall into the chip removal funnel 206 and fall into the chip removal channel 207 along the side wall of the chip removal funnel 206 and are discharged, and the chip removal funnel 206 with the large-angle side wall has smooth chip removal and liquid discharge and attractive and practical appearance; the front and rear penetrating type chip removal channel 207 is adopted, so that chips can be removed smoothly, chip collection is convenient, and space is saved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the interior of the base platform 201 is a hollow structure, a square rib plate 208 is integrally formed in the base platform 201, the square rib plate 208 is formed into two layers in the base platform 201, and the square rib plate 208 is neatly arranged in the whole inner cavity of the base platform 201 and is arranged in a left-right symmetrical manner with the debris discharge channel 207 as a symmetry axis. The weight of the base station 201 is reduced by the hollow structure, the structural strength of the base station 201 is enhanced by the square rib plates 208 which are uniformly and symmetrically distributed, the quality of the base station 201 is uniformly distributed, and the stability is improved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the top of each of the two columns 202 is formed with a rail support plane 203, the two rail support planes 203 are located in the same plane, the side walls of the two columns 202 are both provided with sand discharge vent holes 205, and the sand discharge vent holes 205 are uniformly distributed on the side walls of the columns 202. Two stands 202 are hollow out construction, and the homogeneous shaping has run-through gusset 209 in two stands 202, and run-through gusset 209 is run through the distribution from top to bottom, and the downside of run-through gusset 209 links to each other with the inside square gusset 208 of base station 201, and the casting is integrative, and the upside of run-through gusset 209 extends to stand 202 top, and run-through gusset 209 is adjacent setting with sand discharge air vent 205.
The through rib plates 209 in the two upright posts 202 directly support the guide rail support plane 203 and the lower foot iron pad positions, so that all loads borne on the linear guide rail can be directly transferred to the ground, and the overall stability of the machine tool base is ensured. The symmetrical design of the two columns 202 not only ensures the consistency of the bearing capacity of the two sides of the base, but also ensures the uniformity of the heat load in the base. The through rib plate 209 strengthens the structural strength of the upright column 202 and the base platform 201, and the hollow design reduces the self weight of the base. The outer surface of the upright column 202 is provided with a plurality of sand discharge vent holes 205, the arrangement is strictly symmetrical left and right, the sand discharge in the casting process is facilitated, the heat dissipation effect is obvious, the quality of the base is reduced, and the optimal static and dynamic performance of the base is obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper surface of the connecting beam 204 is a driving member mounting surface, and a driving member mounting frame 2010 is disposed at a central position of the upper surface of the connecting beam 204, so that the driving member is kept at the center of the upper moving member, which conforms to the design concept of center-of-gravity driving, and the running stability and smoothness of the moving member above the base are greatly improved. The optimized integrated gantry closed frame structure is obtained through FEA calculation, and results show that the rigidity of the machine tool base of the structure is maximized, the strength is optimal, and the low-order modal performance accords with the machining working condition of a machine tool.
As shown in fig. 5, the beam 1 includes a beam main body 101 and a support rib 102, the beam main body 101 and the support rib 102 are both formed by integral casting, and the support rib 102 is located below the beam main body 101. The beam main body 101 comprises a hollow cavity 103, the hollow cavity 103 is a cylindrical cavity, the side wall of the beam main body 101 is provided with a sand discharge vent hole 104, and the sand discharge vent hole 104 is communicated with the hollow cavity 103.
The circular hollow cavity 103 structure has larger bending and twisting resistance, the bending and twisting deformation of the cross beam 1 in the machining process of the machine tool can be effectively reduced by adopting the mode of combining the cylindrical hollow cavity 103 and the bearing rib plate 102, and the optimal static and dynamic performances are obtained after FEA optimization. And the hollow cavity 103 can enhance the ventilation and heat dissipation capacity in the cross beam 1 to absorb the thermal stress of the machine tool, and effectively prevent the cross beam 1 from generating thermal deformation to influence the processing precision. The cross section of the cross beam 1 is large in size, the support span of a machine tool is increased, and the stability of the cross beam 1 is improved.
The beam main body 101 further comprises a vertical plate 1011, a side plate 1012 and a back plate 1013, and the hollow cavity 103, the side plate 1012 and the back plate 1013 are cast as a whole. The side plates 1012 are integrally formed at both ends of the hollow chamber 103 in the axial direction, and the back plate 1013 is integrally formed at the back of the hollow chamber 103. The back plate 1013 comprises an arc part 1014 and a flat plate part 1015, the arc part 1014 is attached to the upper arc of the outer wall of the hollow cavity 103, the flat plate part 1015 extends from the connection part of the flat plate part 1014 to the side far away from the hollow cavity 103 from the top to the bottom, and the lower end of the flat plate part 1015 extends to the bearing rib plate 102 and is cast with the bearing rib plate as a whole. The vertical plate 1011 is integrally formed on one side of the beam main body 101 away from the back plate 1013, and one side of the vertical plate 1011 close to the outer wall of the hollow cavity 103 is attached to the outer wall of the hollow cavity 103.
Further, the narrow reinforcing rib plates 105 are integrally formed on the two side plates 1012, and the narrow reinforcing rib plates 105 are vertically staggered on the two side plates 1012, so that the strength of the two side plates 1012 is improved. The sand discharge vent holes 104 are respectively arranged on the two side plates 1012, and the axes of the two sand discharge vent holes 104 positioned on the side plates 1012 are collinear with the axis of the hollow cavity 103. Two sets of sand discharge vent holes 104 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the flat plate portion 1015 of the back plate 1013, each set of sand discharge vent holes 104 comprises four sand discharge vent holes 104 which are arranged at equal intervals along the axis of the hollow cavity 103, the two sets of sand discharge vent holes 104 are also arranged on the vertical plate 1011, and the sand discharge vent holes 104 on the back plate 1013 and the sand discharge vent holes 104 on the vertical plate 1011 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The sand discharge vents 104 are provided at four equal intervals along the axis of the cross beam main body 101 at the top of the cross beam main body 101.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the sand discharge passage provided on the front, back, side and top of the beam main body 101 can perform sand discharge and heat dissipation functions, thereby achieving the effect of reducing weight. Five hollow cavity 103, vertical board 1011, backplate 1013, two curb plates 1012 and bearing gusset 102 cooperate and form a plurality of and subtract heavy cavity 106, further improved to subtract heavy effect, and improved crossbeam 1 natural frequency, prevent that the lathe from producing resonance and influencing the hidden danger of machining precision in the course of working.
As shown in fig. 7, the supporting rib plate 102 includes a vertical rib plate 1021, a horizontal rib plate 1022 and an inclined rib plate 1023, and the vertical rib plate 1021, the horizontal rib plate 1022 and the inclined rib plate 1023 are mutually crossed to form a cross-shaped arrangement. In a plan view, the stud plate 1021, the transversal rib plate 1022 and the diagonal rib plate 1023 are formed into two m-shaped structures on the support rib plate 102.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the bending and twisting resistance of the cross beam 1 is further enhanced by the combination of the m-shaped reinforcing ribs installed below the cross beam main body 101 and the cylindrical hollow cavity 103. And the mode of combining the optimal circular rib and the optimal cross rib is adopted, so that the stress, deformation and the like of the machine tool caused by various factors can be effectively eliminated, the integral machining precision of the machine tool is improved, and the service life of the machine tool is prolonged.
The guide rail 8 used for guiding the movement of the saddle 6 is laid on one side of the beam 1 close to the processing area on the base station 201, the length direction of the guide rail 8 is parallel to the X-axis direction, the beam 1 is provided with a driving assembly used for driving the movement of the saddle 6, the driving assembly comprises a screw rod 303 and a driving motor 304, the driving motor 304 is fixedly arranged on the beam 1, the axial direction of the screw rod 303 and the X-axis direction are the same, and the beam 1 is horizontally penetrated by the screw rod 303.
The headstock 406 is also mounted on the saddle 6 via the guide rail 8 and the drive unit, and the guide rail 8 laid on the saddle 6 has a longitudinal direction in the same direction as the Z-axis direction, and the drive unit mounted on the saddle 6 also includes the drive motor 304 and the lead screw 303, and the lead screw 303 has a longitudinal direction in the same direction as the Z-axis direction.
The three screw rods 303 respectively used for driving the beam 1, the saddle 6 and the spindle box 406 to move are all installed at corresponding positions of the machine tool through the supporting devices, and the structures, installation manners and working principles of the supporting devices of the three screw rods 303 are the same, and a group of supporting devices is taken as an example for explanation:
as shown in fig. 8, the motor end support set 301 and the tailstock end support set 302 are included, one end of the lead screw 303 is rotatably installed in the motor end support set 301, and the other end of the lead screw 303 is rotatably installed in the tailstock end support set 302.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the motor end support group 301 includes a motor base 305, the motor base 305 is an installation base of the motor end support group 301, an installation groove 3051 for installing a bearing is integrally formed inside the motor base 305 close to the tailstock end support group 302, two sets of first angular contact ball bearings 3011 are coaxially embedded and installed in the installation groove 3051, both the first angular contact ball bearings 3011 are of a double-row structure, and the first angular contact ball bearings 3011 are installed in a face-to-face manner.
The diameter of the opening of the mounting groove 3051 close to one side of the tailstock end support group 302 does not allow the first angular contact ball bearing 3011 to pass through, the opening of the mounting groove 3051 far away from one side of the tailstock end support group 302 is provided with a first bearing cap 3010, the first bearing cap 3010 is tightly matched with the outer ring end face of the first angular contact ball bearing 3011 close to the first bearing cap 3010, and the lead screw 303 penetrates through the first bearing cap 3010 and is in running fit with the first bearing cap 3010. The two first angular contact ball bearings 3011 are clamped in the mounting groove 3051 by means of the matching of the inner wall of the mounting groove 3051 close to the tailstock end support group 302 and the first bearing gland 3010, and the outer rings of the two first angular contact ball bearings 3011 are tightly connected with the inner wall of the mounting groove 3051.
One end of the screw rod 303 coaxially penetrates into the inner rings of the two first angular contact ball bearings 3011 from the opening on the side of the installation groove 3051 close to the tailstock end support group 302. The inner ring end face of one side, close to the tailstock end support group 302, of the first angular contact ball bearing 3011 is abutted and matched with the shaft shoulder of the lead screw 303 through the first spacer 308, one side, penetrating through the installation groove 3051, of the lead screw 303 is in threaded fit with the first locking nut 307, and the inner ring end face of one side, far away from the tailstock end support group 302, of the first angular contact ball bearing 3011 is abutted and matched through the first spacer 308. By means of the abutting fit between the shaft shoulder of the lead screw 303 and the inner ring end surface of the first angular contact ball bearing 3011 on the side close to the tailstock end support group 302, and the abutting fit between the first locking nut 307 and the inner ring end surface of the first angular contact ball bearing 3011 on the side far from the tailstock end support group 302, the fastening connection between the lead screw 303 and the inner rings of the two first angular contact ball bearings 3011 is realized.
The mounting groove 3051 is close to the outer wall of the tailstock end support group 302, and the outer wall of one side of the first bearing cap 3010 departing from the mounting groove 3051 are all embedded with and installed with the first framework oil seal 309, openings on two sides of the mounting groove 3051 are respectively sealed by the two first framework oil seals 309, and the stability and reliability of the motion of the two first angle contact ball bearings 3011 in the mounting groove 3051 are ensured.
One side of the motor seat 530 far away from the tailstock end supporting group 302 is fixedly provided with the driving motor 304 through a bolt, the screw rod 303 penetrates out of one side of the opening of the installation groove 3051 far away from the tailstock end supporting group 302 and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the output of the driving motor 304 through the plum blossom coupling 306, the linear connection mode of the screw rod 303 and the output shaft of the driving motor 304 is realized, and the motion stability of the screw rod 303 is improved.
As shown in fig. 8 and 10, the tailstock end support group 302 includes a bearing seat 3017, the other end of the lead screw 303 penetrates into the bearing seat 3017, a second angular contact ball bearing 3019 is connected between the lead screw 303 and the bearing seat 3017, and the second angular contact ball bearing 3019 is a double-row structure. Two groups of second angular contact ball bearings 3019 are coaxially installed in the bearing seat 3017, two second angular contact ball bearings 3019 are installed in a face-to-face manner, and a second spacer 3018 is installed between the two second angular contact ball bearings 3019 to separate the two second angular contact ball bearings 3019. By the method, the positioning capacity of the screw rod 303 is improved, the axial action point distance of the two groups of second angular contact ball bearings 3019 is increased, and the supporting rigidity of the screw rod 303 is increased.
A second bearing cover 3015 is fastened to one side of the bearing seat 3017 close to the motor base 305, a third bearing cover 3020 is fastened to the other side of the bearing seat 3017 through bolts, the third bearing cover 3020 abuts against and fits tightly with the outer ring end face of the second angular contact ball bearing 3019 far away from the motor base 305, and the lead screw 303 sequentially penetrates through the second bearing cover 3015 and the third bearing cover 3020 and respectively cooperates with the second bearing cover 3015 and the third bearing cover 3020 in a rotating manner.
The second bearing cover 3015 is locked and fixed with the bearing seat 3017, the second bearing cover 3015 is in tight fit with the outer ring end face of the second angular contact ball bearing 3019, the inner ring end face of one side of the second angular contact ball bearing 3019 close to the motor base 305 is in tight fit with the shaft shoulder of the lead screw 303, and a tension adjusting pad 3016 is installed between the second bearing cover 3015 and the bearing seat 3017. The second bearing cover 3015 is connected to the bearing seat 3017, and the second bearing cover 3015 is continuously pressed towards the tail end of the bearing seat 3017, at this time, because one end of the lead screw 303 is fixed on the motor base 305, the lead screw 303 is continuously stretched towards the tail end of the bearing seat 3017. When the stretching of the screw rod 303 reaches the theoretical stretching amount, the actual gap between the second bearing cover 3015 and the bearing seat 3017 is measured, the measured gap is taken as the thickness of the quasi-match grinding stretching adjusting pad 3016 to reach the value, then the stretching adjusting pad 3016 is installed, and the stretching of the screw rod 303 is finished.
A third spacer 3022 is coaxially sleeved on the screw rod 303, the third spacer 3022 passes through the third bearing cover 3020 and is in running fit with the third bearing cover, a second lock nut 3023 is in threaded fit with one end of the screw rod 303 far away from the motor base 305, and the second lock nut 3023 abuts against the third spacer 3022 and compresses the third spacer 3022 against the end surface of the inner ring of the second angular contact ball bearing 3019 far away from the motor base 305.
The second bearing cover 3015 and the third bearing cover 3020 are both fitted and clamped on the end faces of the outer rings on both sides of the second angular contact ball bearing 3019 in the bearing seat 3017, so that the outer rings of both the second angular contact ball bearings 3019 are fastened and connected with the bearing seat 3017. The inner rings of the two second angular contact ball bearings 3019 are fastened and connected with the lead screw 303 by means of the matching of the shaft shoulder of the lead screw 303 and the third spacer 3022, so that the lead screw 303 is rotationally matched with the bearing seat 3017, the second framework oil seals 3014 are embedded and installed on the outer walls of the second bearing cover 3015 and the third bearing cover 3020, the openings on the two sides of the bearing seat 3017 are respectively sealed by the two second framework oil seals 3014, and the stability and reliability of the motion of the two second angular contact ball bearings 3019 installed in the bearing seat 3017 are ensured.
As shown in fig. 11, a center of gravity balancing device for balancing the gravity of the headstock 406 itself is further mounted on the machine tool. The gravity center balancing device comprises a balancing cylinder 403 and a gas storage device 401, the cylinder body of the balancing cylinder 403 is fixedly connected with a saddle 6 of the machine tool, the piston rod of the balancing cylinder 403 is hinged with the outer wall of a spindle box 406, and the spindle box 406 does lifting motion on the machine tool. The balance cylinders 403 are respectively installed on two sides of the spindle box 406, the two balance cylinders 403 are symmetrically arranged with the gravity center 409 of the spindle box 406, and the gas storage device 401 is respectively communicated with the two balance cylinders 403.
The two balance cylinders 403 symmetrically arranged by the gravity center 409 of the spindle box 406 act on the spindle box 406 at the same time, and play a supporting role for the spindle box 406, so that the gravity of the spindle box 406 is balanced, and the purpose of optimizing the dynamic performance of the machine tool is achieved.
As shown in fig. 11, the saddle 6 of the machine tool includes two horizontally outwardly extending mounting portions 404, the two mounting portions 404 are respectively located at two sides of the spindle head 406, the two mounting portions 404 are both spaced apart from the spindle head 406, and the two mounting portions 404 are respectively mounting bases of the two balance cylinders 403, and make the two balance cylinders 403 not participate in the movement of the spindle head 406 in the vertical direction. The cylinder bodies of the two balance cylinders 403 are vertically and tightly mounted on the lower sides of the corresponding mounting parts 404, and the piston rods of the two balance cylinders 403 vertically penetrate through the mounting parts 404 from bottom to top and are in sliding fit with the mounting parts.
A balance frame 407 is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the spindle box 406, the upper end of the balance frame 407 horizontally extends to one side away from the spindle box 406, the balance frame 407 and the mounting portion 404 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the balance frame 407 is located on the upper side of the mounting portion 404. The ends of the piston rods of the two balance cylinders 403 vertically penetrating through the mounting part 404 are hinged to the corresponding balance frames 407 through universal movable joints. The piston rod of the balance cylinder 403 is mounted on the balance frame 407 through the movable joint, so that the movable connection between the piston rod of the balance cylinder 403 and the balance frame 407 is realized, and the service life of the balance cylinder 403 is prolonged.
The balance point 4010 of the balance cylinder 403 is located on the vertical axis of the connection point of the balance cylinder 403 and the saddle 6, preferably the balance point 4010 is located at the connection point of the balance cylinder 403 and the mounting portion 404, and the balance points 4010 of the two balance cylinders 403 are symmetrically arranged with the center of gravity 409 of the headstock 406 as a symmetry point. During installation, the gravity 409 of the spindle box 406 and the balance points 4010 of the two balance cylinders 403 are installed on the same line, the balance efficiency of the balance device can be improved through the design, the dynamic response performance of the spindle box 406 in motion is further improved, and the design concept of the gravity 409 balance is met.
The gas storage device 401 is a pressure bottle, high-pressure gas is stored in the gas storage device 401, and the gas storage device 401 is tightly mounted on the machine tool through a hoop. The air outlet of the air storage device 401 is respectively communicated with the two balance cylinders 403 through high-pressure pipes 402, so as to provide stable pressure for the two balance cylinders 403. The connection between the high-pressure pipe 402 and the balance cylinder 403 is located at the lower part of the balance cylinder 403, so that the piston rods of the two balance cylinders 403 can be driven, and the pressure value output by the gas storage device 401 is in direct proportion to the overall gravity of the spindle box 406, so that the effect that the two balance cylinders 403 can just balance the gravity of the spindle box 406 is achieved.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, a guide rail 8 is vertically provided on the machine tool, the headstock 406 is mounted on the guide rail 8 and slidably engaged therewith, and the moving direction of the headstock 406 is the same direction as the length direction of the guide rail 8. When the main spindle box 406 moves, the gravity of the main spindle box 406 is balanced by means of the two balancing cylinders 403, the balancing device utilizes the gravity center 409 balance design concept, the balancing efficiency can be enhanced, and the gravity of the main spindle box 406 is directly balanced, so that the influence of the gravity of the main spindle box 406 on the dynamic response performance of the main spindle box is reduced, the overall precision of a machine tool is improved, the static dynamic performance of the machine tool is improved, and the service life of the machine tool is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 13, 14 and 15, a ring spray cooling device for spraying a cooling liquid to a workpiece is attached to the lower side of the headstock 406 in order to stabilize the operation of the machine tool. The annular spraying cooling device comprises an installation shell 5013, wherein a circulation cavity 5012 is formed in the installation shell 5013, the circulation cavity 5012 is communicated end to form a closed structure, a cooling inlet 5010 is formed in the installation shell 5013, the cooling inlet 5010 is communicated with the circulation cavity 5012, an annular nozzle 504 is installed on the installation shell 5013, and the annular nozzle 504 is communicated with the circulation cavity 5012. In operation, coolant is delivered from cooling inlet 5010 to flow chamber 5012 via a conduit and then sprayed through ring nozzle 504 into flow chamber 5012 to cool the workpiece and tool.
As shown in fig. 13 and 15, the mounting housing 5013 is formed in an approximately circular ring shape, the mounting housing 5013 is made of a high-strength aluminum alloy, the mounting housing 5013 includes an upper housing 501 and a lower cover plate 502, a plurality of locking screws 505 are attached to the mounting housing 5013 at equal intervals, and the plurality of locking screws 505 are engaged with the upper housing 501 and the lower cover plate 502 to be tightly fitted and locked.
The flow-through cavity 5012 is integrally formed in the upper housing 501, and the track of the flow-through cavity 5012 is circular. The upper housing 501 is provided with two cooling inlets 5010 on one side facing away from the lower sealing plate 502, the central axis of the cooling inlets 5010 is parallel to the central axis of the mounting housing 5013, and the two cooling inlets 5010 are symmetrically provided on the upper housing 501 with the central axis of the mounting housing 5013 as a symmetry center. A middle channel 5011 is connected between the two cooling inlets 5010 and the flow cavity 5012, the central axis of the middle channel 5011 is perpendicular to the central axis of the cooling inlets 5010, and two ends of the middle channel 5011 are respectively communicated with the corresponding cooling inlets 5010 and the corresponding flow cavity 5012.
The side walls of the two channels at the ends departing from the circulation cavity 5012 are both provided with the process plugs 506, and the process plugs 506 are guaranteed to be free of leakage of cooling liquid. First sealing rings 507 are embedded and installed at the two cooling inlets 5010 of the upper shell 501 and used for sealing the two cooling inlets 5010, so that the leakage of cooling liquid from the connection part of a pipeline and the cooling inlets 5010 is reduced.
As shown in fig. 15, one side of the circulation cavity 5012 close to the lower sealing plate 502 is open, the lower sealing plate 502 closes the open port on the lower side of the circulation cavity 5012, the lower sealing plate 502 is embedded with a second sealing ring 508 and a third sealing ring 509, the second sealing ring 508 and the third sealing ring 509 are both annular sealing rings, the second sealing ring 508 and the third sealing ring 509 are respectively located on two sides of the circulation cavity 5012, and the first sealing ring 507 and the second sealing ring 508 are both tightly fitted with the upper housing 501. The second seal 508 and the third seal 509 are fitted to seal the joint between the flow cavity 5012 and the lower cover plate 502, thereby reducing the outflow of the coolant from the joint between the flow cavity 5012 and the lower cover plate 502.
As shown in fig. 14 and 15, the ring nozzle 504 is mounted on the side of the lower sealing plate 502 away from the cooling inlet 5010, the nozzle of the ring nozzle 504 extends from the side of the lower sealing plate 502 away from the upper housing 501, and the ring nozzle 504 is connected with the lower sealing plate 502 through a ring-shaped joint, so that the ring nozzle 504 can adjust the inclination angle through rotation, and spraying of cooling liquid to workpieces and tools in different positions is realized.
The ring nozzles 504 are located at the middle of the lower closure plate 502 and eight of the ring nozzles 504 are mounted on the lower closure plate 502 at equal intervals along the path of the flow through cavities 5012 so that the coolant is uniformly circumferentially sprayed through the eight ring nozzles 504 at the machining location.
As shown in fig. 13 and 15, the mounting housing 5013 is mounted with attachment screws 503 for attaching the mounting housing 5013 to a machine tool, the attachment screws 503 protrude from a side of the upper housing 501 facing away from the lower cover plate 502, and eight attachment screws 503 are mounted on a middle portion of the mounting housing 5013 at equal intervals around a central axis of the mounting housing 5013. The mounting housing 5013 is connected to the bottom surface of the main spindle box 406 by eight connecting screws 503, wherein the spindle nose can penetrate through the inner ring of the mounting housing 5013, and the overall thickness of the mounting housing 5013 is smaller than the length of the spindle nose, so as to ensure that the spindle can be normally machined.
In operation, coolant first enters the intermediate passage 5011 through the two cooling inlets 5010, and a first seal 507 is installed at the cooling inlet 5010 to ensure that no coolant leaks at this connection location. After passing through cooling inlet 5010, the coolant flows through middle passage 5011, where it is ensured that no coolant leaks at process plug 506. After passing through the central passage 5011, the coolant flows into the annular flow cavity 5012, and the flow cavity 5012 is tightly sealed by the lower sealing plate 502, wherein the second sealing ring 508 and the third sealing ring 509 therebetween ensure that the coolant in the flow cavity 5012 does not leak therefrom. The lower closure plate 502 mounts eight ring nozzles 504 directly beneath the flow-through cavities 5012 and the cooling fluid is uniformly circumferentially sprayed through the ring nozzles 504 at the machining location.
As shown in fig. 1 and 16, the cradle table 7 is mounted above the chip-removal funnel 206, and a gap allowing the passage of waste liquid and waste chips is formed between the cradle table 7 and the chip-removal funnel 206. The cradle workbench 7 comprises a support part 71 and a cradle part 72, the support part 71 is rotatably erected above the chip removal funnel 206 through a first rotating shaft, the axial direction of the first rotating shaft is the same as the X-axis direction, and the first rotating shaft can enable the support part 71 to rotate along the central axis of the first rotating shaft.
The cradle part 72 is mounted at the middle of the support part 71 through a second rotating shaft, the central axis of the second rotating shaft is perpendicular to the central axis of the first rotating shaft, and the second rotating shaft enables the cradle part 72 and the support part 71 to rotate relatively. When the support portion 71 is located at a horizontal position, the axial direction of the second rotating shaft is the same as the Z-axis direction, and the cradle portion 72 can rotate around the central axis of the second rotating shaft. Cradle portion 72 can install various frock clamps that are used for centre gripping kar wheel hub, realizes treating the clamping of the kar wheel hub of processing.
The gantry type base 2 is the foundation of the whole machine tool and is fixed with the ground through a foot pad iron. The gantry type base 2 adopts a frame type integral casting structure, improves the rigidity of a machine tool, has large span, and is suitable for rough machining and finish machining of large-size high-hardness parts such as a truck hub and the like. The gantry type base 2 is provided with a screw rod 303 and a guide rail 8 which are used for guiding the movement of the beam 1, wherein the screw rod 303 is of a screw rod nut structure, two ends of the screw rod 303 are supported through a combined bearing, a shaft end is directly connected with a high-performance synchronous motor to generate rotary driving to the screw rod 303, and the guide rail 8 is a large-span roller linear guide rail and is used for supporting the beam 1 connected with the guide rail. The beam 1 is cast in a cylindrical rib type arrangement mode, has strong torsion resistance and bending resistance, and is suitable for large-span structures. The crossbeam 1 is provided with a screw rod 303 and a guide rail 8 which are used for guiding the movement of the saddle 6, wherein the saddle 6 is rigidly supported through the guide rail 8, the saddle 6 adopts a step-type supporting structure, and the whole casting is strong in torsion resistance. The saddle 6 is provided with a screw 303 and a guide rail 8 for guiding the movement of the spindle head 406, wherein the spindle head 406 is rigidly supported by the guide rail 8. The cradle workbench 7 is directly and rigidly connected with the gantry type base 2 and rotates around the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The spindle box 406 is rigidly embedded in a machine tool spindle to process parts to be processed of the chuck wheel. In addition, each shaft is provided with a grating ruler 9, in-place detection results are fed back, a stroke system is in a closed loop, and the precision of the machine tool is improved. The machine tool can realize the sliding along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction and the linkage rotating around the X-axis central axis and the Z-axis central axis through a CNC control system, and effectively processes the parts to be processed on the truck wheels.
Principle of operation
In practical use, the gantry type base 2 is a foundation of a whole machine tool and is fixed with the ground through a foot pad iron, a screw rod 303 and a guide rail 8 which are used for guiding the beam 1 to move are mounted on the gantry type base 2, wherein the screw rod 303 is of a screw rod nut structure, two ends of the screw rod 303 are supported through a combined bearing, the shaft end is directly connected with a high-performance synchronous motor to generate rotary drive for the screw rod 303, and the guide rail 8 is a large-span roller linear guide rail and is used for supporting the beam 1 connected with the guide rail; the beam 1 is provided with a screw rod 303 and a guide rail 8 for guiding the movement of a saddle 6, wherein the saddle 6 is rigidly supported through the guide rail 8, the saddle 6 is provided with the screw rod 303 and the guide rail 8 for guiding the movement of a spindle box 406, wherein the spindle box 406 is rigidly supported through the guide rail 8, and the cradle worktable 1 is directly and rigidly connected with the gantry type base 2 and rotates around the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction; and each shaft is provided with a grating ruler 9, in-place detection results are fed back, a stroke system is in a closed loop, and the precision of the machine tool is improved. The machine tool can realize the sliding along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction and the linkage rotating around the X-axis central axis and the Z-axis central axis through a CNC control system, and effectively processes the parts to be processed on the truck wheels.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The five-axis cradle processing machine tool is characterized by comprising a gantry type base (2), a cross beam (1), a main spindle box (406) and a cradle workbench (7), wherein the cross beam (1) is arranged on the gantry type base (2) in a sliding mode, a saddle (6) is arranged on the main spindle box (406) in a sliding mode, the moving direction of the saddle (6) is perpendicular to that of the cross beam (1), and the main spindle box (406) is arranged on the saddle (6) in a lifting mode;
the moving direction of the cross beam (1) is the Y-axis direction, the moving direction of the saddle (6) is the X-axis direction, and the moving direction of the spindle box (406) is the Z-axis direction;
cradle workstation (7) rotate and set up on planer-type base (2), cradle workstation (7) are located the below of headstock (406), just cradle workstation (7) can rotate around X axle direction and Z axle direction.
2. Five-axis cradle machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam (1), saddle (6) and headstock (406) are driven separately by a driving assembly, the driving assembly comprises a screw (303) and a driving motor (304), and the axial direction of any screw (303) is the same direction as the moving direction of the corresponding beam (1), saddle (6) or headstock (406).
3. The five-axis cradle processing machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that a supporting device is connected between the screw rod (303) and the machine tool, the supporting device comprises a motor end supporting set (301) and a tailstock end supporting set (302), one end of the screw rod (303) is rotatably installed in the motor end supporting set (301), and the other end of the screw rod (303) is rotatably installed in the tailstock end supporting set (302);
the motor end support group (301) comprises a motor base (305), one end of the screw rod (303) extends into the motor base (305), and a first angular contact ball bearing (3011) is connected between the screw rod (303) and the motor base (305);
the tail seat end supporting group (302) comprises a bearing seat (3017), the other end of the lead screw (303) stretches into the bearing seat (3017), a second angular contact ball bearing (3019) is connected between the lead screw (303) and the bearing seat (3017), a second bearing cover (3015) is fixedly connected to one side, close to the motor end supporting group (301), of the bearing seat (3017), and a stretching adjusting pad (3016) is arranged between the second bearing cover (3015) and the bearing seat (3017).
4. Five-axis cradle machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a center of gravity balancing device is provided on the machine tool for balancing the gravity of the headstock (406) itself.
5. Five-axis cradle processing machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the gravity center balancing device comprises a balancing cylinder (403) and a gas storage device (401), the cylinder body of the balancing cylinder (403) is tightly connected with a saddle (6) of the machine tool, and the piston rod of the balancing cylinder (403) is hinged with the outer wall of the main spindle box (406);
the two sides of the spindle box (406) of the balance cylinders (403) are respectively provided with one balance cylinder, and the air outlet of the air storage device (401) is respectively communicated with the two balance cylinders (403).
6. Five-axis cradle machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the headstock (406) is provided with a ring spray cooling device for spraying cooling liquid to the workpiece.
7. The five-axis cradle processing machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the annular jet cooling device comprises a mounting housing (5013), a circulation cavity (5012) is arranged in the mounting housing (5913), the circulation cavity (5012) is communicated end to form a closed structure, a cooling inlet (5010) is arranged on the mounting housing (5013), and the cooling inlet (5010) is communicated with the circulation cavity (5012);
the mounting shell (5013) is provided with a ring nozzle (504), and the ring nozzle (504) is communicated with the circulation cavity (5012).
8. The five-axis cradle processing machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the gantry-type base (2) comprises a base (201), at least two upright posts (202) arranged vertically on the base (201), and a connecting beam (204), wherein the connecting beam (204) is arranged on the top of the upright posts (202), and the connecting beam (204) is used for connecting a plurality of upright posts (202); the side wall of the upright column (202) is provided with a sand discharge vent hole (205);
be provided with chip removal funnel (206) on base station (201), the bottom of chip removal funnel (206) is provided with chip removal passageway (207) with the outside intercommunication of base station (201).
9. Five-axis cradle processing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the cradle table (7) is arranged above the chip removal funnel (206), and a gap allowing the passage of waste liquid and chips is formed between the cradle table (7) and the chip removal funnel (206).
10. The five-axis cradle processing machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cradle worktable (7) comprises a support part (71) and a cradle part (72), the cradle part (72) is used for clamping a workpiece to be processed, the support part (71) is rotatably arranged on the gantry type base (2), and the support part (71) can rotate around the X-axis direction; the cradle part (72) is rotatably arranged on the support part (71), and when the support part (71) is in a horizontal state, the cradle part (72) can rotate around the Z-axis direction.
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| CN2021108312302 | 2021-07-22 | ||
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114346743A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-15 | 宁波赛伯微芯精机制造有限公司 | Desktop formula five-axis linkage processingequipment |
| CN114986200A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-02 | 广东原点智能技术有限公司 | Machine tool |
| CN115319488A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-11 | 超同步股份有限公司 | Gantry machine tool |
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| CN114346743A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-15 | 宁波赛伯微芯精机制造有限公司 | Desktop formula five-axis linkage processingequipment |
| CN114986200A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-02 | 广东原点智能技术有限公司 | Machine tool |
| CN115319488A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-11 | 超同步股份有限公司 | Gantry machine tool |
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