CN113649632B - Ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter made of carbon fiber composite material and grinding method thereof - Google Patents

Ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter made of carbon fiber composite material and grinding method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113649632B
CN113649632B CN202110966360.7A CN202110966360A CN113649632B CN 113649632 B CN113649632 B CN 113649632B CN 202110966360 A CN202110966360 A CN 202110966360A CN 113649632 B CN113649632 B CN 113649632B
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edge
reverse
end edge
cutting
cutter
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CN113649632A (en
Inventor
陈涛
任科蒙
崔思海
王广月
王昌红
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/02Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
    • B24B3/021Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters of milling cutters with helical cutting edges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/04Overall shape
    • B23C2200/0466Star form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/32Chip breaking or chip evacuation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2210/00Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/20Number of cutting edges
    • B23C2210/203Number of cutting edges four

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter for a carbon fiber composite material and a milling method thereof, wherein the milling cutter comprises a cutting part and a handle part which are sequentially connected, and the cutting part comprises a forward cutting area and a reverse cutting area which are sequentially connected; the forward cutting area consists of a forward peripheral edge and a forward end edge; the positive end edge consists of four cutter teeth which are symmetrical in center; the reverse cutting area consists of a reverse peripheral edge and a reverse end edge; the reverse end edge consists of four cutter teeth which are divided into two groups: one group is a material removing blade, and the other group is a finishing blade; the forward and reverse peripheral edges are cylindrical, and the cylindrical surface of the forward and reverse peripheral edges are provided with peripheral cutting edges capable of feeding radially along a spiral line; the invention can be used for ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling of carbon fiber composite materials, can effectively reduce the phenomenon of more layering burrs at the inlet and outlet, obtain high-quality machined holes, prolong the service life of cutters, save the cost and improve the production efficiency.

Description

Ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter made of carbon fiber composite material and grinding method thereof
1. Technical field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic-assisted hole making processing of carbon fiber composite materials, in particular to an ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter for a carbon fiber composite material and a grinding method thereof.
2. Background art
The carbon fiber composite material has large-scale application in the aerospace field, and the processing precision of the carbon fiber composite material in hole making is also of great importance. The carbon fiber composite material has the problems of anisotropy, complex composition, poor thermal conductivity, easy occurrence of burr layering during processing and the like. The main mode of processing the composite material at present is drilling and spiral milling, and in order to thoroughly solve the problems of weaker support at an outlet and easy layering during processing, a processing method of bidirectional spiral milling is also provided, and ultrasonic auxiliary processing is introduced to improve the surface quality.
However, at present, there is a blank in the design research of the stepped milling cutter suitable for the ultrasonic auxiliary machining and the bidirectional helical milling machining of the carbon fiber composite material, in addition, the technology of the cutter in the aspects of chip removal, heat dissipation and the like still has room for improvement, and the side edge of the milling cutter is used as a main cutting edge affecting the surface quality of a hole, and the service life of the cutter is directly limited due to the abrasion problem during the bidirectional machining, which restricts the performance of the ultrasonic auxiliary helical milling machining. Therefore, there is a need for further improvements in the cutter structure and for improving the quality of the hole being machined.
3. Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter made of a carbon fiber composite material, which comprises a cutting part and a handle part which are sequentially connected.
Preferably, the diameter of the handle is 6mm, and the length is 60 mm-70 mm.
The cutting part comprises a forward cutting area and a reverse cutting area which are sequentially connected, the forward cutting area consists of a forward end blade and a forward peripheral blade, the forward end blade consists of four cutter teeth, the four cutter teeth are uniformly distributed, the length of the cutting blade is equal to the radius of the cutter, an end tooth chip pocket is arranged beside the forward end blade, the forward peripheral blade is arranged on the circumferential surface of the cutting part, extends from the end blade to the other end along a spiral line from the forward end blade of the cutter, and the forward peripheral blade is a right-handed left blade when the end part of the cutter is downward;
preferably, the diameter of the cutting part is 8mm, when the end edge is placed downwards, the peripheral edge is observed to be a right-hand edge, the forward peripheral edge extends from the forward end edge to the other end, and the extending length h 1 Helix angle θ of positive peripheral edge =9 mm 1 Is 30-45 degrees;
the reverse cutting area consists of a reverse end edge and a reverse peripheral edge, the reverse end edge consists of four cutter teeth, wherein the symmetrical cutter teeth are in a group of two pairs, one group of cutter teeth is a reverse end edge material removing edge, and the other group of cutter teeth is a finishing edge;
preferably, the inner end points of the two groups of reverse end edge cutting edges are distant from the end surfaces of the forward end edges by the distance h 0 Distance r from axis line =15 mm 0 =2.5mm:
Preferably, the maximum effective cutting width of the reverse end edge material removal edge is 1mm, and the distance r between the tip of the reverse end edge material removal edge and the axis 1 =3.5 mm, the angle between the two cutting edges being α=90°~120°;
Preferably, the maximum effective cutting width of the reverse end edge finishing edge is 1mm, the tip point of the reverse end edge finishing edge is positioned on the circumferential surface, and the tip point is separated from the axis by a distance r 2 The angle between the reverse end edge finishing edge and the generatrix is =70deg.C;
the axial height of the tool nose of the reverse end blade finishing blade of the tool is positioned between the axial heights of two end points of the outer blade of the material removing blade of the reverse end blade, and the specific numerical value is influenced by the position of the cutting blade;
the reverse peripheral edge extends from the reverse end edge to the forward cutting area, and is a right-handed right edge when the end part of the cutter is downward;
preferably, the helix angle theta of the forward peripheral edge 1 30-45 DEG, length h 3 =9mm, staggered with the forward peripheral edge;
a group of rear cutter surfaces are arranged at the intersection of the rear cutter surfaces of the material removing edges of the reverse end edges, a group of front cutter surfaces are arranged at the spiral groove, and a section of short edge line is formed at the intersection of the front cutter surfaces and the rear cutter surfaces;
preferably, the rake face rake angle θ 2 =20°;
A group of front cutter surfaces are arranged at the spiral groove of the finishing edge of the reverse end edge;
preferably, the rake face rake angle θ 3 =20°;
Preferably, the end cutting relief angle is 8-30 degrees, the front angle of the peripheral edge is 0-15 degrees, and the back angle is 8-30 degrees.
The grinding method of the ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter of the carbon fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: the cutting part of the cutter faces downwards, the sectional type cutting edge is adopted for grinding in the grinding process, and a 90-degree flat grinding wheel is firstly used for grinding a handle above the reverse cutting edge, so that the diameter of the handle is 6mm.
Step two: and grinding the forward cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter by using a grinding wheel from bottom to top, wherein the cutting length is 9mm.
Step three: and grinding the end part of the cutter by using a grinding wheel, and processing the positive end edge and the end tooth chip flute.
Step four: the reverse cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter is ground by using a grinding wheel from bottom to top, and the cutting length is 9mm.
Step five: and grinding the material removing edge of the reverse end edge of the cutter along a linear running track from top to bottom by using a 45-degree grinding wheel.
Step six: and grinding the finishing edge of the reverse end edge of the cutter along a linear running track from top to bottom by using a 45-degree grinding wheel.
Step seven: and finishing grinding of other front and rear cutter surfaces by using a grinding wheel.
The gain effect of the invention is: the ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter for the carbon fiber composite material and the grinding method thereof meet the structural requirement of the bidirectional forward and reverse spiral milling process on the cutter, and realize forward and reverse spiral milling. The forward and reverse spiral milling is a processing technology that firstly uses a forward cutting area with large eccentricity to produce holes, then uses a small eccentricity to process through holes, and then uses a reverse cutting area to produce holes with large eccentricity in a reverse direction. The forward cutting area selects a right-handed left blade, the reverse cutting edge selects a right-handed right blade, and the structure can ensure that the end blade always cuts into the cutter at a positive rake angle in the cutting process, and the cutting edge is sharper. The material removing blade of the reverse end blade can be decomposed into the combination of the peripheral blade micro blade and the end blade micro blade, so that a great number of cutting tasks are born, the abrasion loss of the peripheral blade of the cutter is reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged. The reasonable selection of the knife tip height of the finish machining blade of the reverse end blade can reduce the total cutting quantity of the set of knife teeth in direct contact with the hole wall in the machining process, the abrasion is slowed down, the cutting quantity of each tooth is reduced, the service life of the knife is prolonged, and the quality of the machined surface is improved. In the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary helical milling process, the input of ultrasonic vibration signals can change the cutting movement direction of a cutter, the cutting edge at the highest position of the reverse end edge material removing edge and the cutting edge at the highest point of the reverse end edge finishing edge can be well adapted to ultrasonic auxiliary vibration, repeated shearing is carried out on fibers, and the surface quality of a workpiece is improved. The additional spiral groove and the rear cutter surface of the reverse cutter can play a role in passivating the cutting tip, so that the influence of abrasion on the cutting performance of the cutter is reduced. In conclusion, the ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter for the carbon fiber composite material can be well suitable for an ultrasonic vibration assisted bidirectional spiral milling process for the carbon fiber composite material, and the problems of high cutter abrasion speed, low surface quality at an entrance and an exit and low production efficiency are solved.
4. Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a front view of an ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter structure of a carbon fiber composite material;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of an ultrasonic bidirectional helical milling cutter structure of the carbon fiber composite material;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the forward end edge of the ultrasonic bi-directional helical milling cutter structure of the carbon fiber composite material;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
the reference numerals are as follows:
a shank portion 1, a reverse end edge material removal edge 2, a reverse peripheral edge 3, a forward peripheral edge 4, a cutting portion 5, an end tooth chip flute 6, a forward end edge 7, and a reverse end edge finishing edge 8.
5. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention discloses an ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter made of a carbon fiber composite material, which is suitable for an ultrasonic auxiliary bidirectional spiral milling process, improves the quality of a hole wall, reduces layering of an entrance and an exit, and prolongs the service life of a cutter.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
For convenience of description, a section of the cutting part is a lower end, one end of the handle is an upper end, and word handles in the directions of 'upper', 'lower' and the like in the invention form a limit of the invention.
Embodiment case one: as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides an ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter for carbon fiber composite materials, which is used for spiral milling under the condition of ultrasonic auxiliary vibration and consists of a handle part (1) and a cutting part (5); the diameter of the shank is 6mm, the length is 60 mm-70 mm, the diameter of the cutting part is 8mm, the length is 20mm, and the total length is 80 mm-90 mm; the cutting part consists of a forward cutting area and a reverse cutting area; the positive cutting area consists of a positive peripheral edge (4), a positive end edge (7) and an end tooth chip flute (6); the reverse cutting area consists of a reverse peripheral edge (3), a reverse end edge material removing edge (2) and a reverse end edge finishing edge (8); the reverse peripheral edges and the forward peripheral edges are staggered, when the end edges are placed downwards, the forward peripheral edge (4) is a right-handed left edge, and the reverse peripheral edge (3) is a right-handed right edge; the positive end edge consists of four cutter teeth, which are arranged in a central symmetry way, and the positive peripheral edge extends along the spiral line to the other end for a length h 1 =9 mm; the reverse end edge consists of four cutter teeth, the cutter teeth are divided into two groups, one group is a reverse end edge material removing edge (2), the other group is a reverse end edge finishing edge (8), and the axial distance h between the starting point of the reverse end edge of the two groups of edges and the cutter end edge 2 Distance r from tool axis =15 mm 0 =2.5 mm; distance r from the axis of the sharp point of the polyline blade of the first set of opposing end edge material removal edges 1 The included angle alpha of the two material removing edges is 90-120 degrees, and the material removing edges extend from the internal starting point to the circumferential surface of the cutter; the second group of cutter teeth are reverse end edge finishing edges, the cutting edges extend from the internal starting point to the outside, the included angle between the cutting edges and the generatrix is beta=70°, and the tip of the reverse end edge finishing edge is positioned on the circumferential surface, so r 2 =4mm; the maximum effective cutting width is 1mm; the reverse peripheral edge extends from the included angle between the reverse end edge and the peripheral surface to the other end, and the extension length is h 3 =9 mm; helix angle theta of forward peripheral edge (4) and reverse peripheral edge (3) 1 30-45 degrees, the front angle is 0-15 degrees, and the back angle is 8-30 degrees; the forward end edge(7) The angle between the end cutting edge and the reverse end cutting edge is 8-30 degrees. Both forward cutting steps are completed by the forward cutting zone and reverse cutting is completed by the reverse cutting zone. Spiral milling is carried out under the condition of ultrasonic auxiliary vibration, and the reverse end blade material removing blade (2) and the reverse end blade finishing blade (8) have repeated cutting effects on the fiber, so that the destruction mode of the fiber is improved.
Implementation case two: the two groups of reverse end edges of the reverse cutting edge of the cutter are reverse end edge material removing edges (2) and reverse end edge finishing edges (8), the axial height difference of the cutter point is influenced by the included angle alpha of the reverse end edge material removing edges (2), the numerical value is cot (alpha/2) -1.5cot beta (mm), and the radial length difference of the cutter point is 0.5mm. In the cutting process, the axial height of the reverse end edge material removing edge 2 is higher than that of the reverse end edge finishing edge (8), in the cutting process, the reverse end edge material removing edge (2) is firstly contacted with a workpiece, the reverse end edge can be regarded as the combination of the infinitesimal peripheral edge and the infinitesimal end edge, the cutting quantity of the original peripheral edge is greatly reduced, so that the group of cutter teeth bears main cutting tasks, the reverse end edge finishing edge (8) directly affects the surface quality of a hole wall, only participates in a small quantity of cutting tasks, the cutting quantity is low, the cutter abrasion is transferred to the reverse end edge material removing edge (2), and the service life of the cutter is integrally prolonged.
Implementation case three: the intersection of the rear cutter surfaces of the reverse end edge material removing edge (2) of the cutter is provided with a group of rear cutter surfaces, the spiral groove is provided with a group of front cutter surfaces, and the front angle theta of the front cutter surfaces 2 =20°, the intersection of the rake face and the relief face forms a new edge line. A group of rake faces are arranged at the spiral groove of the reverse end edge finishing edge (8) of the cutter, and theta of the rake faces is calculated 3 =20°. The tool tips of the reverse end blade material removing blade (2) and the reverse end blade finishing blade (8) are too sharp, so that the tool tip point is prevented from being worn too fast, extra front and rear tool faces are selectively introduced for passivation, the service life is prolonged, and the wear is reduced.
Implementation case four: in the grinding process, firstly, a grinding wheel is used for grinding the handle, so that the diameter of the handle is 6mm, and a processing space is reserved for reverse cutting. And secondly, grinding a forward cutting area of a cutting part of the cutter from bottom to top by using a grinding wheel to form a forward peripheral edge (4), wherein the cutting length is 9mm, and grinding the end part of the cutter by using the grinding wheel to form a forward end edge (7) and an end tooth chip pocket (6). And thirdly, grinding a reverse cutting area of a cutting part of the cutter by using a grinding wheel from bottom to top, wherein the cutting length is 9mm, and machining a reverse peripheral edge (3). Because the reverse end edge has two structures, namely a reverse end edge material removing edge (2) and a reverse end edge finishing edge (8), the two groups of grinding are needed. And fourthly, grinding a reverse end blade material removing blade (2) from top to bottom and from a front blade surface to a rear blade surface through a 45-degree grinding wheel to form a concave groove and an external cutting blade. And fifthly, grinding a reverse end edge finishing edge (8) from top to bottom and from a front cutter surface to a rear cutter surface through a 45-degree grinding wheel. Finally, the rest front cutter surface and the rear cutter surface are ground by a grinding wheel.

Claims (1)

1. The ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter for the carbon fiber composite material is subjected to spiral processing under the ultrasonic auxiliary vibration condition, and is characterized in that:
the milling cutter consists of a handle part (1) and a cutting part (5); the diameter of the shank is 6mm, the length is 60 mm-70 mm, the diameter of the cutting part is 8mm, the length is 20mm, and the total length is 80 mm-90 mm; the cutting part consists of a forward cutting area and a reverse cutting area; the positive cutting area consists of a positive peripheral edge (4), a positive end edge (7) and an end tooth chip flute (6); the reverse cutting area consists of a reverse peripheral edge (3), a reverse end edge material removing edge (2) and a reverse end edge finishing edge (8); the reverse peripheral edges and the forward peripheral edges are staggered, when the end edges are placed downwards, the forward peripheral edge (4) is a right-handed left edge, and the reverse peripheral edge (3) is a right-handed right edge; the positive end edge consists of four cutter teeth, which are arranged in a central symmetry way, and the positive peripheral edge extends along the spiral line to the other end for a length h 1 =9 mm; the reverse end edge consists of four cutter teeth, the cutter teeth are divided into two groups, one group is a reverse end edge material removing edge (2), the other group is a reverse end edge finishing edge (8), and the axial distance h between the starting point of the reverse end edge of the two groups of edges and the cutter end edge 2 Distance r from tool axis =15 mm 0 =2.5 mm; distance r from the axis of the sharp point of the polyline blade of the first set of opposing end edge material removal edges 1 The included angle alpha between the points of the two folding line cutters is 90-120 degrees, and the material removing edge is formed by the inner part of the folding line cutterThe part starting point extends to the circumferential surface of the cutter; the second group of cutter teeth are reverse end edge finishing edges, the cutting edges extend from the internal starting point to the outside, the included angle between the cutting edges and the generatrix is beta=70°, and the tip of the reverse end edge finishing edge is positioned on the circumferential surface, so r 2 =4mm; the maximum effective cutting width is 1mm; the reverse peripheral edge extends from the included angle between the reverse end edge and the peripheral surface to the other end, and the extension length is h 3 =9 mm; helix angle theta of forward peripheral edge (4) and reverse peripheral edge (3) 1 30-45 degrees, the front angle is 0-15 degrees, and the back angle is 8-30 degrees; the back angle between the positive end edge (7) and the back end edge is 8-30 degrees.
CN202110966360.7A 2021-08-23 2021-08-23 Ultrasonic bidirectional spiral milling cutter made of carbon fiber composite material and grinding method thereof Active CN113649632B (en)

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CN114571195A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-06-03 上海航天控制技术研究所 Co-curing structure flywheel wheel body and manufacturing and processing method thereof

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