CN111408777B - Stepped bidirectional end mill for spiral milling of carbon fiber composite material and grinding method - Google Patents

Stepped bidirectional end mill for spiral milling of carbon fiber composite material and grinding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111408777B
CN111408777B CN202010307814.5A CN202010307814A CN111408777B CN 111408777 B CN111408777 B CN 111408777B CN 202010307814 A CN202010307814 A CN 202010307814A CN 111408777 B CN111408777 B CN 111408777B
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broken line
cutting
point
section
cutting edge
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CN111408777A (en
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陈涛
李�瑞
王昌红
项久鹏
李素燕
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Harbin Chuangwoming Electromechanical Technology Co ltd
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Harbin Chuangwoming Electromechanical Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
    • B24B3/04—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters of plain milling cutters
    • B24B3/045—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters of plain milling cutters of milling cutters with helical cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/04—Angles
    • B23C2210/0485—Helix angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/24—Overall form of the milling cutter
    • B23C2210/247—Stepped milling cutters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

A stepped bidirectional end mill for spiral milling of carbon fiber composite materials and a grinding method relate to the technical field of cutting tools, and the specific scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a carbon-fibre composite spiral mills uses two-way end milling cutter of notch cuttype, includes the tool bit and the handle body, the top of tool bit is provided with two pairs of two sections broken line formula cutting edges I that respectively are central symmetric distribution, the tool bit outer periphery is provided with four helicla flutes unanimous soon along the axial equipartition, and the spiral lamina between every adjacent helicla flute is from last to dividing forward cutting area, transition district and reverse cutting district into down in proper order, forward cutting area is provided with cutting edge II, the transition district is circular-arc to the indent, reverse cutting area is outside protruding circular-arc and is provided with cutting edge III, reverse cutting area and handle body coupling. The invention improves the chip removal capability of the cutter, prolongs the service life of the cutter, improves the hole making precision of the spiral milling hole, improves the hole making quality and improves the hole making efficiency.

Description

Stepped bidirectional end mill for spiral milling of carbon fiber composite material and grinding method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cutting tools, in particular to a stepped bidirectional end mill for spiral milling of carbon fiber composites and a grinding method.
Background
The large-scale use of the carbon fiber composite material requires the processing of a large number of assembling connection holes, and the hole making precision of the carbon fiber composite material is very important. The carbon fiber composite material has the characteristics of high hardness, poor heat conductivity and the like, so that the service life of a cutter is shortened in cutting processing, and the problems of burrs at the inlet, layering and the like are easily generated.
Traditional system hole mode of being applied to carbon-fibre composite mills system hole or spiral for drilling, and the axial force that the cutter receives is big and the downthehole space is less during drilling, the discharge that the cutting heat that produces can not be fine when leading to the drilling, and cutter wearing and tearing accelerate, and the smear metal is often continuous during drilling metal material, can scrape cutter and processed pore wall, makes cutter wearing and tearing aggravation, pore wall surface quality descends.
The spiral hole milling technology realizes that one cutter can process holes with a plurality of sizes, and can effectively reduce the axial force generated by cutting, thereby effectively avoiding the defects of layering, tearing and the like of the carbon fiber material in hole making. However, in practical application, especially when the tool is worn more heavily, the outlet burr phenomenon is still unavoidable, and the tool has a shorter service life. Although the hole-making precision is improved through the reverse processing process in the bidirectional spiral hole-milling technology, the problem of tool abrasion is still outstanding in the actual bidirectional spiral hole-milling process due to the fact that a conventional flat-bottom milling cutter is generally used in the bidirectional spiral hole-milling process, and therefore the processing quality and precision are difficult to further improve, and the improvement of the hole-making efficiency is restricted.
Therefore, in the application field with high requirements for hole making of carbon fiber composite materials, a special cutter for spiral hole milling of carbon fiber composite materials needs to be developed, so that the chip removal capacity of the cutter is improved, the abrasion resistance of the cutter is improved, the service life of the cutter is prolonged, the hole making precision of the spiral hole milling technology is improved, the hole making quality is improved, and the hole making efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of a carbon fiber composite material and a grinding method, and aims to solve the problems that the cutter is remarkably abraded and the hole making quality and precision are difficult to further improve in the helical hole milling process of the carbon fiber composite material at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a two-way end mill of notch cuttype for carbon-fibre composite helical milling, includes the tool bit and the handle body, the top of tool bit is provided with two pairs of two-section broken line formula cutting edge I that respectively are central symmetric distribution, the tool bit outer periphery is provided with four helicla flutes unanimous soon along the axial equipartition, and connecting portion between every two adjacent helicla flutes are the spiral plate, four the spiral plate structure is the same, and every spiral plate divides forward cutting area, transition zone and backward cutting district into from tool bit top to tail end in proper order, forward cutting area is provided with cutting edge II, the transition zone is circular-arc to the indent, the backward cutting district is to the circular-arc of evagination and is provided with cutting edge III, backward cutting district and handle body coupling.
A method for grinding a stepped bidirectional end mill for spiral milling of carbon fiber composite materials comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting the center of the top end of the cutter head as a point A, the edge of the top end of the cutter head as a point B, the rear end of the forward cutting area as a point C, the rear end of the transition area as a point D, the vertex of the outward convex arc of the reverse cutting area as a point M, the rear end of the reverse cutting area as a point E, and arranging a point N and a point P on the tangent line of the outward convex arc of the reverse cutting area at the point M, wherein the point N is positioned between the point D and the point M, and the point P is positioned between the point M and the point E;
step two: grinding the cutting edge in a sectional mode in the grinding process, wherein when the first section is ground, the grinding wheel sequentially grinds a BC section of a forward cutting area, a CD section of a transition area, a DM section of a reverse cutting area and an MP;
step three: when the second section is ground, the grinding wheel is operated to the N point, and then the reverse cutting area NM and ME sections are ground.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention improves the chip removal capability of the cutter, prolongs the service life of the cutter, improves the hole making precision of the spiral milling hole, improves the hole making quality and improves the hole making efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite materials, which is disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the top end of the cutting head of the stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite materials of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of each section and grinding section of the stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of each section and grinding section of the stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial view of a cutting edge I of the stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial view of a broken line edge I of the stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composites, which is disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial view of a broken line edge II of the stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a chip flute of the stepped, bi-directional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composites of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a flute of the stepped, bi-directional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composites of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the cutting tool comprises a tool bit, 2, a handle body, 3, cutting edges I, 4, a spiral groove, 5, a spiral plate, 6, cutting edges IV, 31, broken line edges I, 32, broken line edges II, 33, chip grooves, 51, a forward cutting area, 52, a transition area, 53, a reverse cutting area, 511, cutting edges II, 531, cutting edges III, 532 and chip grooves.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For convenience of description, one end of the tool bit 1 is defined as a front end and one end of the shank 2 is defined as a rear end, and the terms indicating the directions such as "front" and "rear" in the present invention should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
A ladder-shaped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite materials comprises a cutter head 1 and a handle body 2, the top end of the cutter head 1 is provided with a top end cutting area, the top end cutting area is provided with two pairs of two-section broken line type cutting edges I3 which are respectively distributed in central symmetry, four spiral grooves 4 with the same rotation direction are uniformly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the cutter head 1 along the axial direction, the connecting part between every two adjacent spiral grooves 4 is a spiral plate 5, the four spiral plates 5 have the same structure, each spiral plate 5 is sequentially divided into a forward cutting area 51, a transition area 52 and a reverse cutting area 53 from the top end to the tail end of the cutter head 1, the forward cutting area 51 is provided with a cutting edge II 511, the transition area 52 is in a shape of an arc which is concave inwards, the backward cutting area 53 is arc-shaped and provided with a cutting edge III 531, and the backward cutting area 53 is connected with the neck of the handle body 2. By carrying out region division on the cutter and reasonably designing different regions, the cutter is processed by using a top end cutting region and a forward cutting region 51 when being fed downwards in the axial direction, and is processed by using a reverse cutting region 53 when being fed in the return stroke, so that the utilization rate of the cutter is improved, the abrasion of the cutter is reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Furthermore, four cutting edges II 511 are arranged behind the four cutting edges I3 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and each cutting edge II 511 is connected with the corresponding cutting edge I3 through an arc-shaped cutting edge IV 6.
Further, two pairs cutting edge I3 includes a pair of broken line sword I31 and a pair of broken line sword II 32, every be provided with chip groove 33 between broken line sword I31 and the broken line sword II 32, chip groove 33 is linked together with helicla flute 4, and better improvement is at the spiral chip removal effect of the cutting edge I3 at milling in-process top.
Further, the broken line segment of the broken line blade I31 comprises two segments, namely a broken line segment I and a broken line segment II, wherein the length of the broken line segment I is a 1 The length of the second broken line segment is a 2 Length a of a first broken line segment 1 And the length a of the second broken line segment 2 Is 0.5 to 0.56 times of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2, and the included angle gamma of the fold line 1 120 DEG; the broken line segment of the broken line edge II 32 comprises two sections, namely a broken line segment III and a broken line segment IV, wherein the length of the broken line segment III is a 3 The length of the broken line segment four is a 4 Length of a third broken line segment 3 And length a of the broken line segment four 4 Is 0.6 to 0.64 times of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2 and has the fold line included angle gamma 2 Is 120 deg.. The edge shape of the broken line can effectively improve the effective cutting edge length of the top end cutting area, and the two types of the edge shapes have different lengthsThe broken line edge can reduce the axial force in the spiral milling process and improve the processing quality.
Furthermore, a plurality of chip grooves 532 are formed in any two non-adjacent cutting edges III 531 in the direction penetrating through the width of the cutting edge III 531, and the chip grooves 532 are communicated with the spiral groove 4.
Preferably, the flutes 532 are in a shape of 'eight', and the distance a between two adjacent flutes 532 near the edge of the cutting edge iii 531 6 The radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2 is 0.01-0.02 times, and the groove width a at the position close to the cutting edge III 531 is 5 The radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2 is 0.02-0.025 times, and the groove depth h 1 The radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2 is 0.01-0.02 times of the groove width a at the position far away from the cutting edge III 531 7 Is 0.03 to 0.04 time of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2, the groove depth h2 is 0.025 to 0.03 time of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2, and the included angle lambda of the two side walls of the chip groove 532 is 10 to 15 degrees. The splayed chip removal groove 532 is variable in width and depth, namely the width and the depth of the notch close to the cutting edge are different from those of the notch far away from the cutting edge, and the chip removal problem can be effectively improved while the spiral milling precision is ensured through reasonable matching of the notch close to the cutting edge and the notch far away from the cutting edge on the width and the depth.
Preferably, on any longitudinal section of the tool bit, an XOZ coordinate system is transversely and longitudinally arranged by using the bottom center of the tool bit 1, wherein the direction from the bottom center of the tool bit 1 to the top cutting area is the positive direction of a Z axis, the direction perpendicular to the positive direction of the Z axis and towards the left is the positive direction of an X axis, and the transition area 52 is towards the concave arc center O 1 At (2R,6R) in the XOZ coordinate system. R is the radius of the cross section of the handle body 2; radius R of circle where inward concave arc is located 1 Is 1 to 1.2 times of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2, the central angle alpha of the circle where the inward concave arc is positioned is 35 degrees to 45 degrees, and the longitudinal length L is 1 Which is 0.3 times the total longitudinal length L of the cutting head 1. The transition area does not participate in machining in actual use, but the concave arc can better bear the cutting edge II 511 of the forward cutting area 51 and simultaneously enable the transition of the cutting edge III 531 of the reverse cutting area 53 to be more gradual, so that the transition effect is fully exerted.
Preferably, the XOZ coordinate system is arranged transversely and longitudinally with the bottom center of the cutter head 1, and the arc center O of the backward cutting area 53 is convex outwards 2 At (-4R,3R) in the XOZ coordinate system, R is the radius of the cross-section of the handle body 2; radius R of circle where outward convex arc is located 2 Is 5-6 times of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2, the central angle beta of the circle where the outward convex circular arc is positioned is 110-120 degrees, and the longitudinal length L is 2 Which is 0.6 times the total longitudinal length L of the cutting head 1. The radius rule of the reverse cutting area 53 is changed by the convex arc of the reverse cutting area 53, so that the cutting edge III 531 of the reverse cutting area 53 can be suitable for reverse cutting during bidirectional spiral milling, the utilization rate of the cutter is effectively improved, and the service life of the cutter is effectively prolonged.
Furthermore, the radius of the circle subtended by the outward convex arc of the reverse cutting area 53 is increased and then reduced from front to back, and the change range is 0.8-1.2 times of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body 2. Such design can make cutting edge III 531 when realizing reverse processing, improves effective cutting edge length to get rid of the effectual access & exit burr problem when the drilling of carbon-fibre composite spiral milling of mode of cutting allowance through reverse processing, effectively improve the drilling quality.
Detailed description of the invention
A grinding method of a stepped bidirectional end mill for spiral milling of carbon fiber composites comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting the center of the top end of the tool bit 1 as a point A, the edge of the top end of the tool bit 1 as a point B, the rear end of the forward cutting area 51 as a point C, the rear end of the transition area 52 as a point D, the vertex of the outward convex arc of the reverse cutting area 53 as a point M, the rear end of the reverse cutting area 53 as a point E, the outward convex arc of the reverse cutting area is provided with a point N and a point P on the tangent line of the point M, the point N is located between the point D and the point M, and the point P is located between the point M and the point E;
step two: grinding the cutting edge in a sectional manner in the grinding process, wherein when the first section is ground, the grinding wheel is used for grinding the BC section of the forward cutting area 51, the CD section of the transition area 52 and the DM section and the MP of the reverse cutting area 53 in sequence;
step three: the second section is ground by running the grinding wheel to point N and then grinding the reverse cut 53NM and ME sections. When the grinding of the front cutter face is finished and then the grinding of the rear cutter face is finished, wherein the front cutter face is firstly ground and then the rear cutter face is ground, the grinding of the front cutter face and the rear cutter face is sectional grinding, the grinding sequence of the rear cutter face is still the grinding sequence, the forward cutting area 51 and the reverse cutting area 53 are separately ground by using the sectional grinding, the transition area 52 can be effectively utilized, simultaneously, the cutting edges of the ground cutting areas meet the design requirements, the grinding precision is higher, and therefore the performance of the milling cutter is better exerted.
Furthermore, the lengths of the two line segments of the NM segment and the MP segment are the total length L of the convex arc of the cutting body 1 in the longitudinal direction 2 0.15 to 0.18 times of the amount of the active ingredient.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1 to 4, the stepped bidirectional end mill for the spiral milling of the carbon fiber composite material comprises a cutter head 1 and a handle body 2, the top end of the tool bit 1 is provided with a top end cutting area, the top end cutting area is provided with two pairs of two-section broken line type cutting edges I3 which are respectively distributed in central symmetry, four spiral grooves 4 with the same rotation direction are uniformly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the cutter head 1 along the axial direction, the connecting part between every two adjacent spiral grooves 4 is a spiral plate 5, the four spiral plates 5 have the same structure, each spiral plate 5 is sequentially divided into a forward cutting area 51, a transition area 52 and a reverse cutting area 53 from the top end to the tail end of the cutter head 1, the forward cutting area 51 is provided with a cutting edge II 511, the transition area 52 is in an arc shape which is inwards concave, the backward cutting area 53 is in an arc shape protruding outwards and is provided with a cutting edge III 531, and the backward cutting area 53 is connected with the necking of the handle body 2. The diameter of the cross section of the handle body 2 is 5mm, and the longitudinal length is 50 mm; the diameters of all areas of the cutter head 1 are different, wherein the top end cutting area is positioned on the top end surface of the cutter body 1, and the diameter is 6 mm; the forward cutting zone 51 is located behind the tip cutting zone, and has a diameter of 6mm and a longitudinal length of 10 mm; the transition area 52 is positioned behind the forward cutting area 51, the forward cutting area 51 is connected with the backward cutting area 53 in the rear, the diameter of the transition area 52 is changed from 6mm to 5mm along with the concave arc from front to back, and the longitudinal length L is 1 Is 30 mm; the reverse cutting zone 53 is located behind the transition zone 52, and the forward and transition zones 52 are connected to the shankThe body 2 is connected with a necking, is in an outward convex arc shape, the diameter of the reverse cutting area 53 is increased from 5mm to 6mm along with the outward convex arc from front to back, is reduced to 5mm and is connected with the handle body 2; and two non-adjacent cutting edges III 531 in the reverse cutting area 53 are provided with a plurality of sections of splayed chip grooves 532, the width of a notch of a single splayed chip groove 532 close to the edge of the cutting edge III 531 is 0.05mm, the depth of the notch is 0.025mm, the width of a notch far away from the edge of the cutting edge III 531 is 0.075mm, the depth of the notch is 0.065mm, and the distance between two adjacent splayed chip grooves 532 close to the edge of the cutting edge III 531 is 0.05 mm.
The stepped bidirectional end mill for the spiral milling of the carbon fiber composite material adopts sectional type milling in the milling process, namely, a BC section of a forward cutting area 51, a CD section of a transition area 52 and a DM section and an MP section of a reverse cutting area 53 are sequentially milled by a grinding wheel in a first section, the grinding wheel is operated to a point N in a second section, then NM and ME sections of the reverse cutting area 53 are milled, wherein the NM section and the MP section in the sectional milling process are sections of a tangent line at the maximum convex arc-shaped radius of the reverse cutting area 53, and the lengths of the two sections are 8 mm.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7, two pairs of two-section broken line type cutting edges i 3 of the top end cutting area comprise a pair of broken line type edges i 31 and a pair of broken line type edges ii 32, the pair of broken line type edges i 31 and the pair of broken line type edges ii 32 are symmetrically distributed at the top end of the cutter head 1 respectively, and chip pockets 33 are arranged between the broken line type edges i 31 and the broken line type edges ii 32, so that the chip removal effect of the top cutting edge i 3 in the helical milling process is better improved;
every section broken line length of broken line sword I31 is 1.25 ~ 1.4mm, and the broken line contained angle is 120, and every section broken line length of broken line sword II 32 is 1.5 ~ 1.6mm, and the broken line contained angle is 120, and the sword type of this broken line can effectively improve the effective cutting edge length in top cutting area, and the different broken line sword of two kinds of length can reduce the axial force of spiral milling in-process simultaneously, improves processingquality.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the inward concave arc center of the transition area 52 is at (5,15) in the XOZ coordinate system of fig. 3, the radius range of the circle subtended by the inward concave arc is 2.5-3 mm, the central angle range of the circle subtended by the inward concave arc is 35 ° to 45 °, and the longitudinal length is 30 mm; the center of the arc which protrudes outwards from the reverse cutting area 53 is located at (-10,7.5) position in the XOZ coordinate system of fig. 3, the radius range of the circle which is subtended by the arc which protrudes outwards is 12.5-15 mm, the central angle range of the circle which is subtended by the arc which protrudes outwards is 110-120 degrees, the longitudinal length is 60mm, and the concave arc of the transition area 52 and the convex arc of the reverse cutting area are reasonably matched, so that the cutting edge of the reverse cutting area can be suitable for reverse cutting during bidirectional helical milling, the utilization rate of the cutter is effectively improved, and the service life of the cutter is effectively prolonged.
When the stepped bidirectional end mill for the spiral milling of the carbon fiber composite material is ground, a cutting edge is ground firstly, a grinding wheel is ground in sequence in a first section to a BC section of a forward cutting area 51, a CD section of a transition area 52, a DM section and an MP section of a reverse cutting area 53, then the grinding wheel is operated to a point N in a second section, then the NM section and the ME section of the reverse cutting area 53 are ground, then grinding of front and rear knife faces is finished respectively, the grinding sequence is still the grinding sequence, the forward cutting area 51 and the reverse cutting area 52 are ground separately by utilizing sectional grinding, the transition area can be effectively utilized, simultaneously, cutting edges of the ground cutting areas meet design requirements, the grinding precision is higher, and the performance of the milling cutter is better exerted.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, 8 and 9, the splayed chip flute 532 can be selected with different flute widths during grinding according to different requirements, and when a cutter with the head tip diameter of 6mm is selected (the diameter of the handle body is 5mm), the reasonable size constraint of the splayed chip flute 532 is as follows: width a of the notch near the edge 5 0.05-0.0625 mm, depth h 1 0.025-0.05 mm, and the width a of the notch far away from the cutting edge 7 0.075-0.1 mm, depth h 2 Is 0.065-0.075 mm, and is close to the distance a of two adjacent splayed chip grooves 532 at the edge 6 0.025-0.05 mm, and the included angle between the two sides of the groove is 10-15 degrees, because the width and the depth of the splayed chip groove 532 are changed, namely the width and the depth of the notch close to the cutting edge are different from those of the notch far away from the cutting edgeThe width and the depth of the notch are arranged, so that the reasonable matching of the notch close to the cutting edge and the notch far away from the cutting edge on the width and the depth can effectively improve the chip removal problem while ensuring the accuracy of the spiral milling hole.
The invention is suitable for the hole making of carbon fiber composite materials, and is also suitable for the hole making of glass fiber composite materials, carbon fiber composite materials and metal lamination, and through arranging the reverse cutting area 53 and the special splayed chip groove 532, the defects of layering and inlet and outlet burrs in the spiral hole milling process of the composite materials are avoided, the precision and the production efficiency of the hole are improved, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a carbon-fibre composite spiral mills with two-way end mill of notch cuttype, includes tool bit (1) and handle body (2), its characterized in that: the top of tool bit (1) is provided with two pairs of two sections broken line formula cutting edges I (3) that respectively are central symmetric distribution, tool bit (1) outer periphery is provided with four helicla flute (4) that revolve to the unanimity along the circumference equipartition, and connecting portion between every two adjacent helicla flutes (4) are helicoidal plate (5), four helicoidal plate (5) structure is the same, and every helicoidal plate (5) divide forward cutting district (51), transition district (52) and reverse cutting district (53) into in proper order from tool bit (1) top to tail end, forward cutting district (51) are provided with cutting edge II (511), transition district (52) are circular-arcly to the indent, reverse cutting district (53) are the arc-like and are provided with cutting edge III (531) to the evagination, reverse cutting district (53) are connected with the handle body (2).
2. The stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein: four cutting edges II (511) one-to-one set up four the rear of cutting edge I (3), every cutting edge II (511) all links to each other through circular-arc cutting edge IV (6) with corresponding cutting edge I (3).
3. The stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein: two pairs cutting edge I (3) include a pair of broken line sword I (31) and a pair of broken line sword II (32), every be provided with chip groove (33) between broken line sword I (31) and broken line sword II (32), chip groove (33) are linked together with helicla flute (4).
4. The stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to claim 3, wherein: the broken line segment of the broken line edge I (31) comprises two segments, namely a broken line segment I and a broken line segment II, the length of the broken line segment I is a1, the length of the broken line segment II is a2, the length a1 of the broken line segment I and the length a2 of the broken line segment II are both 0.5-0.56 times of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body (2), and the broken line included angle gamma 1 is 120 degrees; the broken line segment of the broken line blade II (32) comprises two segments, namely a broken line segment III and a broken line segment IV, the length of the broken line segment III is a3, the length of the broken line segment IV is a4, the length a3 of the broken line segment III and the length a4 of the broken line segment IV are both 0.6-0.64 times of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body (2), and the included angle gamma 2 of the broken line is 120 degrees.
5. The stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein: any one pair of nonadjacent two cutting edges III (531) in the two pairs of cutting edges III (531) is provided with a plurality of chip grooves (532), and the chip grooves (532) are communicated with the spiral groove (4).
6. The stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to claim 5, wherein: the chip grooves (532) are in a shape of 'eight', the distance a6 between two adjacent chip grooves (532) close to the cutting edge of the cutting edge III (531) is 0.01-0.02 time of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body (2), the groove width a5 close to the cutting edge of the cutting edge III (531) is 0.02-0.025 time of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body (2), the groove depth h1 is 0.01-0.02 time of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body (2), the groove width a7 far away from the cutting edge of the cutting edge III (531) is 0.03-0.04 time of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body (2), the groove depth h2 is 0.025-0.03 time of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body (2), and the included angle lambda of two side walls of the chip grooves (532) is 10-15 degrees.
7. The stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composites as claimed in claim 1, wherein: on any longitudinal section of the tool bit, an XOZ coordinate system is arranged transversely and longitudinally with the bottom center of the tool bit (1), the arc center O1 of the inward concave transition region (52) is at (2R,6R) in the XOZ coordinate system, and R is the cross-sectional radius of the handle body (2); the radius R1 of a circle where the inward concave circular arc is located is 1-1.2 times of R, the central angle alpha of the circle where the inward concave circular arc is located is 35-45 degrees, and the longitudinal length L1 is 0.3 times of the longitudinal total length L of the cutter head (1); the arc center O2 of the backward cutting area (53) which is convex outwards is positioned at (-4R,3R) in an XOZ coordinate system, and R is the radius of the cross section of the handle body (2); the radius R2 of the circle where the outward convex circular arc is located is 5-6 times of R, the central angle beta of the circle where the outward convex circular arc is located is 110-120 degrees, and the longitudinal length L2 is 0.6 times of the longitudinal total length L of the cutter head (1).
8. The stepped bidirectional end mill for helical milling of carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1 or 7, wherein: the radius of the circle subtended by the arc convex outwards in the reverse cutting area (53) is increased and then reduced from front to back, and the change range is 0.8-1.2 times of the radius R of the cross section of the handle body (2).
9. A method for grinding a stepped bidirectional end mill for spiral milling of carbon fiber composite material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the center of the top end of the tool bit (1) is set as a point A, the edge of the top end of the tool bit (1) is set as a point B, the rear end of the forward cutting area (51) is set as a point C, the rear end of the transition area (52) is set as a point D, the vertex of the convex arc of the reverse cutting area (53) is set as a point M, the rear end of the reverse cutting area (53) is set as a point E, the tangent line of the convex arc of the reverse cutting area (53) at the point M is provided with a point N and a point P, the point N is located between the point D and the point M, and the point P is located between the point M and the point E;
step two: grinding the cutting edge in a sectional manner in the grinding process, wherein when the first section is ground, the grinding wheel is used for grinding a BC section of a forward cutting area (51), a CD section of a transition area (52) and a DM section and an MP of a reverse cutting area (53) in sequence;
step three: during the second stage, the grinding wheel is moved to point N and the reverse cutting zone (53) NM and ME stages are ground.
10. The method for grinding the stepped bidirectional end mill for the spiral milling of the carbon fiber composite material according to claim 9, wherein: the lengths of the two line segments of the NM segment and the MP segment are 0.15-0.18 times of the longitudinal total length L2 of the convex arc of the cutter head (1).
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