CN110235666A - A method of control Spartina alterniflora - Google Patents
A method of control Spartina alterniflora Download PDFInfo
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- CN110235666A CN110235666A CN201910695776.2A CN201910695776A CN110235666A CN 110235666 A CN110235666 A CN 110235666A CN 201910695776 A CN201910695776 A CN 201910695776A CN 110235666 A CN110235666 A CN 110235666A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to field of forestry, a kind of method for controlling Spartina alterniflora are disclosed, this method comprises: (1) turns over root: cutting off the aerial part of Spartina alterniflora, height for the stubble left 3-8cm, and Spartina alterniflora's aerial part is turned over and is buried into mud；(2) it plants mangrove: mangrove nursery stock is planted in the region after turning over root with the density not less than 1000 plants/acre.The present invention acts synergistically by way of it specifically will turn over root technology and ultra high density afforestation and effectively Spartina alterniflora can be inhibited to regenerate.Spartina alterniflora is controlled using mode provided by the invention, due to being to substitute Spartina alterniflora using indigenous plant mangrove, ecological risk is not present, has prevented greatest drawback --- the problem of Spartina alterniflora invades again of existing Spartina alterniflora's Control Technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of forestry, and in particular to a method of control Spartina alterniflora.
Background technique
The Spartina alterniflora introduced a fine variety from the U.S. in 1979 is broken out in China's seashore large area, and 2003 total by national environmental protection
Office's (existing Environmental Protection Department) is included in first batch of Strategy of Alien Invasive Species list.Spartina alterniflora is adaptable, fertility is strong, diffusion velocity
Fastly, and its ecological niche is Chong Die with mangrove, causes to seriously threaten to the mangrove in China Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi.
For the control of Spartina alterniflora, there is many methods at present, specifically include that manually cut off method, the method for going out is flooded in water storage, change
It learns drug and kills method and plant method of substitution.Wherein, it manually cuts off time-consuming and laborious, and can also be regenerated after cutting off；Water storage floods the method for going out and exists
Entrance of Changjiang River has obtained successfully using, but needs huge investment, and can marine ecosystems be caused with very big interference；Chemicals
Killing method such as uses cover grass energy that can effectively kill Spartina alterniflora, but exists on after the uncertainty and killing that marine ecology influences
The problem of regrowing；Guangdong Zhuhai successfully controls Spartina alterniflora using fast-growing Mangrove Sonneratia apetala Buch. Ham, but in view of nothing
Valve Hai Sang is the exotic tree species quoted from Bangladesh and there are the risks of ecological invasion, can not large-scale promotion.Therefore, it lacks so far
The method of weary control Spartina alterniflora safely, effectively, persistently a kind of.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome using various defects existing for existing method control Spartina alterniflora, and provide
A method of control Spartina alterniflora safely, effectively, persistently.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of methods for controlling Spartina alterniflora, wherein this method comprises:
(1) it turns over root: cutting off the aerial part of Spartina alterniflora, height for the stubble left 3-8cm, and Spartina alterniflora's aerial part is turned over and is buried
Into mud；
(2) it plants mangrove: mangrove nursery stock is planted in the region after turning over root with the density not less than 1000 plants/acre
In.
The present inventor has found that it is same to be strict controlled in 3-8cm for the height for the stubble left when will turn over root after further investigation
When the control of the planting density of mangrove nursery stock is being not less than 1000 plants/acre, it is this specifically to turn over root technology and ultra high density is made
Woods mode, which acts synergistically, effectively Spartina alterniflora to be inhibited to regenerate.Spartina alterniflora is controlled using mode provided by the invention, due to
It is to substitute Spartina alterniflora using indigenous plant mangrove, ecological risk is not present, has prevented existing Spartina alterniflora's Control Technology
Greatest drawback --- the problem of Spartina alterniflora invades again.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is annual 4-6 month when the opportunity for turning over root, can be more effective
Ground inhibits Spartina alterniflora's regeneration.The reason is that: on the one hand, the mangrove nursery stock planted in 4-6 month can make full use of up to close
6 months high temperature and humidity summer and autumns accumulated enough nutriments, safe overwintering, surrival rate of afforestation height；On the other hand, rice is mutually spent
Grass upper 1 year nutriment being stored in root system is used for nutrient growth by a large amount of consumption after second year spring temperature recovery, turns over
Power of regeneration declines after root；Third, Spartina alterniflora's limited height, it is small manually to turn over root labor intensity at this time；Moreover this is also high latitude
Spend the season of regional (Fujian, Zhejiang) mangrove Major Tree Species Planted autumn eggplant plumular axis maturation.
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, when the planting density of the mangrove nursery stock is 1200-1800
Plant/acre when, the density of plantation be higher than general mangrove the density of plantation, it is farther much higher than mountainous region plant trees the density of plantation, use
Such highdensity afforestation mode can quickly form effective shading although improving on cost of forestation, to turning over root
The Spartina alterniflora's bud sprouted afterwards has good suppression, so as to more effectively Spartina alterniflora be inhibited to regenerate.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, the examples of the embodiments are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and cannot
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In the examples where no specific technique or condition is specified, described according to the literature in the art
Technology or conditions or carried out according to product description.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is that can lead to
Cross the conventional products of commercially available acquisition.
It is provided by the invention control Spartina alterniflora method include:
(1) place selects: being higher than the actual conditions of mangrove, mutual flower to be controlled in view of the resistance to waterflooding ability of Spartina alterniflora
Spartina should be grown on the Spartina alterniflora of above average sea level；If Spartina alterniflora to be controlled is to be grown on average Hai Ping
Face Spartina alterniflora below, should be after Spartina alterniflora cuts off, and beach elevation is raised to above average sea level by artificial earth fill, and
Setting prevents the cofferdam of silt loss from planting mangrove again later on the outside.
(2) it turns over root: cutting off the aerial part of Spartina alterniflora, height for the stubble left 3-8cm, and Spartina alterniflora's aerial part is turned over and is buried
Into mud；The Spartina alterniflora cut off should clear up in time.
(3) it plants mangrove: mangrove nursery stock is planted in the region after turning over root with the density not less than 1000 plants/acre
In.
According to the present invention, during turning over root, it is one of technology that the height for the stubble left of Spartina alterniflora, which is controlled in 3-8cm,
Key point higher than all bad operation of 8cm and causes lower than 3cm or easily to regrow after turning over root.Preferably, the height for the stubble left
For 4-6cm, most preferably 5cm.
There is no particular limitation to the mode for turning over root by the present invention, if can be realized by Spartina alterniflora's aerial part with
Under ground portion is reverse.A kind of specific embodiment according to the present invention, the mode buried of turning over is the mutually flower that digs with a hoe out
Spartina underground root system is deep to 20-40cm, and the Spartina alterniflora's root system aerial part dug out is stepped on foot and is buried to mud 20cm or less.
The opportunity for turning over root preferably comprehensively considers mangrove implantation time and turns over root effect, preferably annual 4-6
Month, especially Fujian and region to the north of Fujian preferably carry out in the annual 4-6 month best, and specifically, Guangdong and Guangxi can be with
It is carried out in annual April, Fujian can carry out in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, Zhejiang in June.On the one hand, the 4-6 month
The mangrove nursery stock of part plantation can make full use of and accumulate enough nutriments up to nearly 6 months high temperature and humidity summer and autumns,
Safe overwintering, the surrival rate of afforestation are high；On the other hand, the upper 1 year nutriment being stored in root system of Spartina alterniflora, second year spring
It is used for nutrient growth by a large amount of consumption after its temperature recovery, power of regeneration to decline after turning over root；Third, Spartina alterniflora's height has at this time
Limit, it is small manually to turn over root labor intensity；Moreover this is also high latitude area (Fujian, Zhejiang) mangrove Major Tree Species Planted autumn eggplant
The season of plumular axis maturation.Spartina alterniflora grows very tall and big after July, manual work large labor intensity.It is not recommended that in autumn and winter
Turn over root because this period, the big, temperature of wind was low, artificial mudflat operation is very arduous, and spring Spartina alterniflora be easy it is multiple long.It turns over
After root should as early as possible (preferably more than two weeks) plant mangrove nursery stock.
The planting density of the mangrove nursery stock is different with mangrove plant type and nursery stock specification, but not lower than 1000
Plant/acre, if conditions permit, preferably according to 1200-1800 plants/acre of Density and distribution.Wherein, outside density can be slightly higher, interior
Side density can be slightly lower.As described above, the density of plantation is higher than the density of plantation of general mangrove, it is farther to plant trees much higher than mountainous region
The density of plantation, can quickly be formed using such highdensity afforestation mode although improving on cost of forestation
Effectively shading, has good suppression to the Spartina alterniflora's bud sprouted after root is turned over, to more effectively inhibit Spartina alterniflora again
It is raw.
The mangrove nursery stock can be plumular axis, or bag seedling.Term " plumular axis " be mangrove seed without
Suspend mode breaks through pericarp and the columned not long root seedling that is formed after sprouting directly on parent, because its major part is lower embryo
Axis, therefore abbreviation plumular axis.The plumular axis length is different because of species, generally 10-30cm.When the mangrove nursery stock is plumular axis,
The embedded depth of the plumular axis preferably accounts for the 1/3-1/2 of plumular axis overall length.The bag seedling refers to be trained in nutrient bag by plumular axis, fruit
The seedling educated, the seedling after growing 1-2, seedling are in a nutrition organs and grow and accumulate the period of organic matter, be in
The initial stage in growth period.
There is no particular limitation for type of the present invention to the mangrove nursery stock.In general, selection is attached to reproducing area
Closely there is wild type.China has the mangrove type in the serious area of Spartina alterniflora's harm mainly to have: autumn eggplant, Aegiceras corniculatum, white
Bone earth, Bruguiera conjugata and Rhizophora stylosa etc..It can be selected according to the requirement of job design one to several.Wherein, the annual 4-6 month is domestic
The season of common Kandelia candel mangrove plumular axis maturation can directly plant autumn eggplant plumular axis after turning over root.Bruguiera conjugata and Rhizophora stylosa, Ke Yigen
It is determined according to plumular axis maturation time.Other times plantation, can use bag seedling.For other mangroves such as Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina
Deng, can using nutrient bag seed plant.
In addition, the method for control Spartina alterniflora provided by the invention further includes inspecting periodically (excellent during final-period management
Choosing monthly checks primary), the bud that discovery Spartina alterniflora sprouts is removed completely in time.When necessary, the purse seine on the outside of reproducing area,
To avoid floating refuse harm.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples below.
Embodiment 1
The method that the embodiment is used to illustrate control Spartina alterniflora provided by the invention.
(1) root is turned over:
May cuts off the aerial part of Spartina alterniflora with common reaping hook, and height for the stubble left 5cm, dig with a hoe out subterraneous root
System is deep to 30cm, and the Spartina alterniflora's root system aerial part dug out is stepped on foot and is buried to mud 20cm or less.
(2) mangrove is planted:
By autumn eggplant plumular axis (being about 25cm) insertion in the region after turning over root, wherein the embedded depth of plumular axis is controlled in embryo
The 1/3 of axis overall length, the planting density of plumular axis are 1800 pieces/mu.After half a year, go out substantially without Spartina alterniflora under Radix Kandeliae candelis
It is existing.
Embodiment 2
The method that the embodiment is used to illustrate control Spartina alterniflora provided by the invention.
(1) root is turned over:
May cuts off the aerial part of Spartina alterniflora with common reaping hook, and height for the stubble left 3cm, dig with a hoe out subterraneous root
System is deep to 20cm, and the Spartina alterniflora's root system aerial part dug out is stepped on foot and is buried to mud 20cm or less.
(2) mangrove is planted:
By Aegiceras corniculatum bag seed enter in the region after turning over root, wherein Aegiceras corniculatum bag seedling planting density be 1500 plants/
Mu.After half a year, occur substantially without Spartina alterniflora under Aegiceras corniculatum.
Embodiment 3
The method that the embodiment is used to illustrate control Spartina alterniflora provided by the invention.
(1) root is turned over:
April cuts off the aerial part of Spartina alterniflora with common reaping hook, and height for the stubble left 8cm, dig with a hoe out subterraneous root
System is deep to 40cm, and the Spartina alterniflora's root system aerial part dug out is stepped on foot and is buried to mud 20cm or less.
(2) mangrove is planted:
By Rhizophora stylosa bag seedling insertion in region after turning over root, wherein the planting density of Rhizophora stylosa bag seedling is 1200 plants/
Mu.After half a year, occur substantially without Spartina alterniflora under Rhizophora stylosa.
Embodiment 4
The method that the embodiment is used to illustrate control Spartina alterniflora provided by the invention.
(1) root is turned over:
Concrete operations mode with embodiment 1, unlike, turning over the root time is the March.
(2) mangrove is planted:
Concrete operations mode is the same as embodiment 1.There is a small amount of Spartina alterniflora to occur after half a year, under Radix Kandeliae candelis, it may be found that
The bud removal that Spartina alterniflora sprouts.
Embodiment 5
The method that the embodiment is used to illustrate control Spartina alterniflora provided by the invention.
(1) root is turned over:
With embodiment 1.
(2) mangrove is planted:
Concrete operations mode with embodiment 1, unlike, the planting density of autumn eggplant plumular axis is 1000 pieces/mu.Half a year it
Afterwards, under Radix Kandeliae candelis substantially without Spartina alterniflora occur, it may be found that individual Spartina alternifloras sprout bud removal.
Comparative example 1
The method that the comparative example is used to illustrate the control Spartina alterniflora of reference.
(1) root is turned over:
Concrete operations mode with embodiment 1, unlike, height for the stubble left 10cm.
(2) mangrove is planted:
With embodiment 1.There are a large amount of Spartina alternifloras to occur after half a year, under Radix Kandeliae candelis, needs manually to cut off, it is time-consuming to take
Power, and can also be regenerated after cutting off.
Comparative example 2
The method that the comparative example is used to illustrate the control Spartina alterniflora of reference.
(1) root is turned over:
With embodiment 1.
(2) mangrove is planted:
Concrete operations mode with embodiment 1, unlike, the planting density of autumn eggplant plumular axis is 800 pieces/mu.After half a year,
There are a large amount of Spartina alternifloras to occur under Radix Kandeliae candelis, needs manually to cut off, it is time-consuming and laborious, and can also be regenerated after cutting off.
As can be seen from the above results, Spartina alterniflora can be efficiently controlled using method provided by the invention, and by
It is to substitute Spartina alterniflora using indigenous plant mangrove in this method, ecological risk is not present, it is anti-has prevented existing Spartina alterniflora
The greatest drawback of control technology --- the problem of Spartina alterniflora invades again.In addition, can be with from the comparison of embodiment 1 and embodiment 4-5
Find out, it, can when the planting density that the opportunity for turning over root is annual 4-6 month or mangrove nursery stock is 1200-1800 plants/acre
More effectively inhibit Spartina alterniflora's regeneration.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention can be with various simple variants of the technical solution of the present invention are made, this
A little simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, it can be combined in any appropriate way.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for controlling Spartina alterniflora, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
(1) it turns over root: cutting off the aerial part of Spartina alterniflora, height for the stubble left 3-8cm, and Spartina alterniflora's aerial part is turned over and is buried to silt
In mud；
(2) it plants mangrove: mangrove nursery stock is planted in the region after turning over root with the density not less than 1000 plants/acre.
2. the method for control Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, wherein height for the stubble left 4-6cm.
3. the method for control Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, wherein the mode buried of turning over is to dig with a hoe out mutually
Flower spartina underground root system is deep to 20-40cm, and the Spartina alterniflora's root system aerial part dug out stepped on foot bury to mud 20cm with
Under.
4. the method for control Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, wherein the opportunity for turning over root is annual 4-6 month；
Guangdong and Guangxi carry out in annual April, and Fujian carries out in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, Zhejiang in June.
5. the method for control Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, wherein Spartina alterniflora to be controlled should be grown on
The Spartina alterniflora of above average sea level；If Spartina alterniflora to be controlled is the mutual colored rice being grown on bmsl
Grass, should be after Spartina alterniflora cuts off, and beach elevation is raised to above average sea level by artificial earth fill, and setting prevents on the outside
Mangrove is planted after the cofferdam of silt loss again.
6. the method for Spartina alterniflora is controlled described in any one of -5 according to claim 1, wherein the mangrove nursery stock
Planting density is 1200-1800 plants/acre；Outside density is slightly higher, and inside density is slightly lower.
7. the method for Spartina alterniflora is controlled described in any one of -5 according to claim 1, wherein the mangrove nursery stock is
Plumular axis and/or bag seedling.
8. the method for control Spartina alterniflora according to claim 7, wherein when the mangrove nursery stock is plumular axis, institute
The embedded depth for stating plumular axis accounts for the 1/3-1/2 of plumular axis overall length.
9. the method for Spartina alterniflora is controlled described in any one of -5 according to claim 1, wherein the mangrove nursery stock
Type is selected from least one of autumn eggplant, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera conjugata and Rhizophora stylosa；Wherein, autumn eggplant, Bruguiera conjugata and Rhizophora stylosa are used
Plumular axis, or the bag seedling raw with 1-2；Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina must use the bag seedling of 1-2 life.
10. the method for Spartina alterniflora is controlled described in any one of -5 according to claim 1, wherein different types of mangrove
Planting position difference, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum are planted in outside beach because resistance to waterflooding ability is stronger；Autumn eggplant and Rhizophora stylosa kind
It is implanted in middle part, Bruguiera conjugata is planted in close to land side.
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| CN112352634A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-12 | 上海市园林设计研究总院有限公司 | Programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora regulation and control method |
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| CN114679994A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-01 | 广西红树林研究中心 | Method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering mangrove forest by using high-pressure water gun |
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