CN113600221B - Au/g-C 3 N 4 Monoatomic photocatalyst, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Au/g-C 3 N 4 Monoatomic photocatalyst, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WTHJTVKLMSJXEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminopyridin-2-yl)pyridin-4-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(N)C=2)=C1 WTHJTVKLMSJXEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
Abstract
The invention providesSeed Au/g-C 3 N 4 A monatomic photocatalyst, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of photocatalysts; in the invention, based on Au chelate as a precursor, Au/g-C is prepared by simply utilizing a method of continuous stirring and one-step calcination 3 N 4 A monoatomic photocatalyst, said Au/g-C 3 N 4 The monatomic photocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity in the reduction of carbon dioxide under visible light.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysts, and particularly relates to Au/g-C 3 N 4 A monatomic photocatalyst, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Solar energy is currently the cleanest, most abundant, most promising renewable resource, and it is well suited for large-scale utilization. Solar energy needs to be converted through a photocatalyst, so that effective utilization of energy is realized, and meanwhile, the problems of global warming and greenhouse effect and the like caused by continuous increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere are increasingly serious, so that a novel and efficient photocatalytic material is designed to recycle carbon dioxide, and the novel and efficient photocatalytic material not only can solve the environmental problem caused by the greenhouse effect, but also can solve the problem of increasingly severe energy exhaustion.
At present, the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction technology mainly utilizes solar energy to excite a semiconductor photocatalytic material to generate photoproduction electrons and holes so as to induce oxidation-reduction reaction to synthesize carbon dioxide and water into hydrocarbon fuel. In recent years, a single photocatalytic material such as titanium dioxide has a small crystal size, a large specific surface area, and uniform dispersion of crystal grains, which is advantageous for adsorption reaction of the material, but is self-supportingThe limitation of the energy band position has a problem that absorption of visible light is not facilitated. And graphite phase g-C 3 N 4 (abbreviation g-C 3 N 4 ) Etc. has a narrow forbidden band width (2.7eV), can respond to visible light, has the advantages of acid resistance, alkali resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, can be used as a nonmetal semiconductor photocatalytic material, but g-C 3 N 4 Still has the defects of small specific surface area, easy recombination of electron hole pairs, low photocatalytic performance and the like. Meanwhile, the problems that the synthesis steps are complicated, the required materials are not easy to obtain, the reaction conditions are harsh and the like exist when a single photocatalytic material is compounded with the material.
4, 4-amino-2, 2-bipyridine (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) The double-tooth chelate ligand can form chelate such as gold, ruthenium, palladium and the like with a plurality of metal ions, and simultaneously has more lone pair electrons due to the existence of amino functional groups, so that the nucleophilic reaction is easy to occur due to the high density of electron cloud.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides Au/g-C 3 N 4 A monatomic photocatalyst, a preparation method and application thereof. In the invention, based on Au chelate as a precursor, Au/g-C is prepared by simply utilizing a method of continuous stirring and one-step calcination 3 N 4 A monoatomic photocatalyst, said Au/g-C 3 N 4 The monatomic photocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity in the reduction of carbon dioxide under visible light.
The invention firstly provides Au/g-C 3 N 4 The single-atom photocatalyst is of a 2D ultrathin nanosheet structure.
The invention also provides the Au/g-C 3 N 4 The preparation method of the monatomic photocatalyst specifically comprises the following steps:
（1）Au- (C 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 preparing a chelate precursor:
c is to be 10 H 10 N 4 Dissolving in ethanol solution, ultrasonic treating, continuously stirring until it is uniformly dispersed, and slowly adding dropwiseAu 3 + Stirring the solution to obtain a mixed solution, and reacting to obtain Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 A chelate precursor solution;
（2）Au/g-C 3 N 4 preparation of a monatomic photocatalyst:
dissolving Melamine in Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Ultrasonically stirring the chelate precursor solution, heating in a water bath until the chelate precursor solution is evaporated to dryness, grinding and drying the evaporated solid, then calcining at high temperature, washing, centrifuging and drying to obtain Au/g-C 3 N 4 A monatomic photocatalyst.
Further, in the step (1), C 10 H 10 N 4 The dosage ratio of the alcohol to the ethanol is 0.035-0.175 g: 20 mL.
Further, in the step (1), the Au is 3+ The concentration of the mixed solution is 10-50 mg/mL.
Further, in the step (2), the melamine is reacted with Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 The mass ratio of Au in the chelate precursor solution is 1: 100.
Further, in the step (2), the water bath heating is carried out at 40-75 ℃.
Further, in the step (2), the high-temperature calcination conditions are as follows: calcining for 6 hours at 550 ℃, wherein the heating rate of the calcination is 5-6 ℃/min.
Further, the heating rate of the calcination is 5 ℃/min.
The invention also provides the Au/g-C 3 N 4 The application of the monatomic photocatalyst in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the present invention, g-C is used 3 N 4 Superior adsorption performance and easy formation of chelate with noble metal, so that the formed chelate system has a multi-electron structure, and further can form a synergistic effect, and the occurrence of photocatalytic reduction reaction can be greatly improved, thereby greatly improving the yield of the photocatalytic reduction reactionThe photocatalytic performance is improved.
In the present invention, Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Is used as a chelate precursor and is further calcined with melamine to prepare Au/g-C 3 N 4 A monatomic photocatalyst. Due to Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Has chelating properties, and can be in g-C 3 N 4 The surface has thermodynamic adsorption stability, so Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Novel Au/g-C prepared by taking chelate as precursor 3 N 4 The monatomic photocatalyst increases the active sites of the photocatalyst prepared by the system, enhances the utilization rate of light energy, simultaneously improves the utilization rate of photon-generated carriers, obtains further application in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, and opens up a new way for constructing a novel visible light catalytic material prepared by taking a noble metal chelate as a precursor.
In the present invention, Au- (C) is used 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Preparing Au/g-C by continuously stirring chelate precursor and melamine in ethanol solution and simply calcining 3 N 4 A monatomic photocatalyst. The photocatalyst obtained by the experimental procedure and g-C obtained by calcining pure melamine in one step 3 N 4 Compared with the method for preparing Au/g-C based on Au chelate as precursor 3 N 4 The photo catalytic activity of the monatomic photocatalyst is to reduce carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with the yield of 36.92 umol within 4h, and the carbon monoxide is monomer g-C 3 N 4 3.6 times of (10.28 umol).
Au/g-C prepared by taking Au chelate as precursor 3 N 4 The formation of the monatomic photocatalyst system obviously improves the capture capability of the monatomic photocatalyst system to light and the utilization rate of photon-generated carriers, and finally greatly improves the efficiency of carbon dioxide reduction. In addition, the Au/g-C is prepared by simply using the Au chelate which is constructed in the modes of continuous stirring and one-step calcination as a precursor 3 N 4 The monatomic photocatalyst has simple process, convenient operation and short reaction time, thereby reducing the energy consumption and the production costIs convenient for batch production, is nontoxic and harmless, and meets the environment-friendly requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Au-g-C 3 N 4 -1 microstructure composition diagram of catalyst, wherein a is Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 transmission electron microscopy image of monatomic photocatalyst at 50nm on a scale; b is Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 transmission electron microscopy imaging of a monatomic photocatalyst at 100nm on a scale; c is Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 high angle spherical dark field image of a monatomic photocatalyst at 5nm on a scale; d is Au/g-C 3 N 4 1 high angle spherical dark field image of monoatomic photocatalyst at scale 10 nm.
FIG. 2 shows g-C 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 XPS spectrum of the catalyst, in which a is the C spectrum of XPS, b is the N spectrum, C is the O spectrum and d is the Au spectrum.
FIG. 3 is g-C 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 -PL of catalyst 1.
FIG. 4 shows g-C 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 transient photocurrent test of the catalyst.
FIG. 5 is g-C 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 The energy diagrams of the catalysts under different proportions are shown in the figure, wherein a is a reaction kinetic diagram of different catalysts, and b is a chart of carbon monoxide yield per unit time of different catalysts.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
（1）Au- (C 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 preparing a chelate precursor:
weigh 0.035 g C 10 H 10 N 4 Dissolving in 20ml ethanol solution, ultrasonic treating for 30 min, and continuously stirring to obtain solution C 10 H 10 N 4 The Au was dissolved sufficiently and 2 ml of 5 mg/ml was taken up 3+ Transferring the solution twice with 1000 μ l pipette, slowly dripping into the continuously stirred solution, and stirring for 24 hr to obtain Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 A chelate precursor solution;
（2）Au/g-C 3 N 4 preparation of monatomic photocatalyst:
2.0 g of melamine were accurately weighed and dissolved in Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Performing ultrasonic treatment for 15min in the chelate precursor solution, stirring for 24 h, then performing water bath heating at 45 ℃ until the chelate precursor solution is dried to dryness, grinding the dried solid, drying, placing the obtained solid in a porcelain boat, wrapping the solid with tinfoil, tightly calcining at 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6h, increasing the temperature at the rate of 6 ℃/min, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain Au/g-C 3 N 4 -0.5 monatomic photocatalyst.
FIG. 1 is Au-g-C 3 N 4 -1 microstructure composition diagram of photocatalyst, FIG. 1(a) (b) is a complex sample Au-g-C 3 N 4 -1 projection of the graph, g-C observed in (a) (b) 3 N 4 The ultra-thin nanosheet structure, but the microstructure and local mapping of Au of the Au cannot be observed, which shows that Au-g-C 3 N 4 1 Au in the sample may be in the form of a single atom which cannot be observed at lower magnification, and (C) (d) is Au-g-C 3 N 4 -1 spherical aberration diagrams at different magnifications, from which it is clearly observed that Au particles with certain light spots are uniformly dispersed in g-C 3 N 4 In (1), Au/g-C is thus demonstrated by the above pictures 3 N 4 Successful synthesis of monatomic photocatalysts.
FIG. 2 is pure g-C 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 XPS spectra of photocatalyst, pure g-C was investigated with XPS 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 Chemical bond states of elements in the sample. Wherein FIG. 2(a) C1 s is in the monomers g-C 3 N 4 Two binding energy peaks at 284.6 eV and 287.9 eV, assigned to C = C/C-C and N-C = N, respectively, and Au/g-C are shown in 3 N 4 -1 knotThe resultant energy peak moves to a low energy level by 0.1 eV on the structure with the density of N-C = N, which indicates that the chemical environment of C is changed; FIG. 2 (b) N1 s in monomers g-C 3 N 4 Three binding energy peaks are shown at 398.4 eV, 400.0 eV, and 404.2 eV, respectively, due to C-N = C, N-C 3 And C-NH x And Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 is located at a binding energy peak shifted towards high energy levels by 0.1 eV on N-C = N structure, Au/g-C 3 N 4 1, the energy levels of C and N elements in the sample are shifted to opposite directions, which shows that the introduction of Au changes the valence bond structure between the C and N elements, and a new acting force is formed between the Au and the N elements. FIG. 2 (C) O1 s spectrum at g-C 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 Little or no significant change in-1 occurred due to the binding energy at 531.8 eV coming from water molecules-OH in the air present at the sample surface; FIG. 2(d) Au 4f is Au/g-C 3 N 4 Spectra in the sample-1, 87.7 eV and 83.7 eV belonging to Au 4f 5/2 and Au 4f 7/2, respectively, to Au 0 The valence state. XPS analysis further proves that Au/g-C is prepared based on Au chelate as precursor 3 N 4 Successful synthesis of monatomic photocatalysts.
FIG. 3 is pure g-C 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 PL profile of the monatomic photocatalyst, with PL being used to study the migration and separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in a sample. As can be seen, Au/g-C was prepared based on Au chelate as precursor 3 N 4 The fluorescence intensity of the-1 monatomic photocatalyst was significantly reduced relative to that of the carbon nitride monomer, indicating that Au/g-C 3 N 4 The synthesis of the-1 monatomic photocatalyst obviously improves the migration and separation efficiency of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs, greatly inhibits the recombination efficiency of photo-generated carriers, and is also the main reason for improving the photocatalytic reduction activity.
FIG. 4 is pure g-C 3 N 4 And Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 transient photocurrent test pattern of monatomic photocatalyst (test method: the catalyst is formulated as ink spin-coated on conductive glass, under xenon lamp (420 nm) irradiation, transient photocurrent test is performed using a three-electrode system via an electrochemical workstationTest, using a shutter to block the light source during the test, switch interval 30 s). As can be seen in FIG. 4, Au/g-C was prepared based on Au chelate as precursor 3 N 4 The photocurrent intensity of the-1 photocatalyst is obviously enhanced and is far higher than that of the monomer g-C 3 N 4 The photocurrent intensity of the photocatalyst material is that Au/g-C is prepared based on Au chelate as a precursor in photocatalysis 3 N 4 The capture capability of the-1 photocatalyst to a photo-generated carrier is obviously improved, and the preparation of Au/g-C based on Au chelate as a precursor is proved 3 N 4 The-1 photocatalyst can effectively inhibit the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, and the photocatalytic performance is improved.
Example 2:
（1）Au- (C 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 preparing a chelate precursor:
weigh 0.035 g C 10 H 10 N 4 Dissolving in 20ml ethanol solution, ultrasonic treating for 30 min, and continuously stirring to obtain solution C 10 H 10 N 4 The Au was dissolved sufficiently and 2 ml of 5 mg/ml was taken up 3+ Transferring the solution twice with 1000 μ l pipette, slowly dripping into the continuously stirred solution, and stirring for 24 hr to obtain Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 A chelate precursor solution;
（2）Au/g-C 3 N 4 preparation of monatomic photocatalyst:
1.0g of melamine was accurately weighed and dissolved in Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Performing ultrasonic treatment for 15min in the chelate precursor solution, stirring for 24 h, then performing water bath heating at 45 ℃ until the chelate precursor solution is dried to dryness, grinding the dried solid, drying, placing the obtained solid in a porcelain boat, wrapping the solid with tinfoil, tightly calcining at 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6h, increasing the temperature at the rate of 5 ℃/min, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain Au/g-C 3 N 4 -1 monatomic photocatalyst.
Example 3:
（1）Au- (C 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 preparing a chelate precursor:
weigh 0.175 gC 10 H 10 N 4 Dissolving in 20ml ethanol solution, ultrasonic treating for 30 min, and continuously stirring to obtain C 10 H 10 N 4 The Au solution was well dissolved and 10 ml of 5 mg/ml Au was aspirated 3+ Transferring the solution twice with 1000 μ l pipette, slowly dripping into the continuously stirred solution, and stirring for 24 hr to obtain Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 A chelate precursor solution;
（2）Au/g-C 3 N 4 preparation of monatomic photocatalyst:
1.665 g of melamine were accurately weighed and dissolved in the above Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Performing ultrasonic treatment for 15min in the chelate precursor solution, stirring for 24 h, then performing water bath heating at 45 ℃ until the chelate precursor solution is dried to dryness, grinding the dried solid, drying, placing the obtained solid in a porcelain boat, wrapping the solid with tinfoil, tightly calcining at 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6h, increasing the temperature at the rate of 5 ℃/min, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain Au/g-C 3 N 4- 3 a monatomic photocatalyst.
Example 4:
（1）Au- (C 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 preparing a chelate precursor:
weigh 0.175g C 10 H 10 N 4 Dissolving in 20ml ethanol solution, ultrasonic treating for 30 min, and continuously stirring to obtain solution C 10 H 10 N 4 The Au solution was well dissolved and 10 ml of 5 mg/ml Au was aspirated 3+ Transferring the solution twice with 1000 μ l pipette, slowly dripping into the continuously stirred solution, and stirring for 24 hr to obtain Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 A chelate precursor solution;
（2）Au/g-C 3 N 4 preparation of a monatomic photocatalyst:
1.0g of melamine was accurately weighed and dissolved in the above Au- (C 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Performing ultrasonic treatment on the chelate precursor solution for 15min, stirring for 24 h, then heating in a water bath at 45 ℃ until the chelate precursor solution is evaporated to dryness, grinding the evaporated solid, drying, putting the obtained solid in a porcelain boat, tightly wrapping the solid with tinfoil, calcining at 550 ℃ at high temperature, keeping the temperature for 6h, increasing the temperature rate to 5 ℃/min, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain Au/g-C 3 N 4 -5 monatomic photocatalyst.
Example 5:
the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction test is respectively carried out on photocatalytic materials (50 mg) with different proportions in a pure water solution, 100 ml of deionized water is injected into a quartz glass reactor, 50mg of catalyst is added, the reactor is sealed and then exhausted, namely, carbon dioxide gas is introduced as a reactant in the photocatalytic reduction, air in the reactor is exhausted, the interference of external gas is eliminated, the exhaust lasts for 20min and then is finished, then a miniature ultraviolet lamp tube is used for irradiating the reactor for photocatalytic reaction, and the whole system is carried out at room temperature. And detecting the gas product and yield of the reaction by using gas chromatography.
FIG. 5(a) shows different ratios of the single atom Au/g-C 3 N 4 Kinetic curves of the reaction of the catalyst, from which the monoatomic Au/g-C can be obtained 3 N 4 The yield of carbon monoxide produced by photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction of the catalyst is far higher than that of the monomer g-C 3 N 4 Yield of monoatomic Au/g-C 3 N 4 The catalytic reduction performance of-1 reaches the highest, and the monoatomic Au/g-C can be seen from a kinetic curve 3 N 4 0.5 to monoatomic Au/g-C 3 N 4 5 Monoatomic Au/g-C which still has a reducing potential after 4 hours of reaction 3 N 4 The reaction rate of-1 is highest, while the monomers g-C 3 N 4 There was almost no reduction performance after 4 hours of reaction. Thus, Au/g-C is prepared based on Au chelate as precursor 3 N 4 The carbon dioxide reduction performance of the photocatalyst is higher than that of the monomer g-C 3 N 4 Reduction performance of (1), optimum photocatalytic material Au/g-C 3 N 4 Photocatalytic Property of-1The growth trend in the on-site time tends to be stable, and the growth trend per hour is much higher than that of the monomer g-C 3 N 4 And photocatalytic material at other ratios.
FIG. 5(b) is the reduction yield per unit time, monatomic Au/g-C 3 N 4 0.5 to monoatomic Au/g-C 3 N 4 5 reduction performance is higher than that of the monomer g-C 3 N 4 Reduction performance of (2), and optimum ratio of Au/g-C 3 N 4 1 up to 9.23umol/g/h for the production of carbon monoxide is a monomer 、 g-C 3 N 4 3.6 times of performance. The material Au/g-C can be seen 3 N 4 The reason why the performance of the photocatalytic reduction of the carbon dioxide is greatly improved can be attributed to that the Au single atom is in g-C 3 N 4 Is formed on the molecule. The result shows that Au/g-C is prepared based on Au chelate as a precursor 3 N 4 The-1 photocatalyst obviously enhances the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance.
Comparative example 1:
1.0g of melamine was dissolved in Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Performing ultrasonic treatment for 15min in the chelate precursor solution, stirring for 24 h, then heating in water bath at 45 ℃ until the chelate precursor solution is evaporated to dryness, grinding and drying the evaporated solid, placing the obtained solid in a porcelain boat, wrapping the solid with tinfoil, tightly calcining at 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6h, increasing the temperature at the rate of 5 ℃/min, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain Au/g-C 3 N 4 A monatomic photocatalyst.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Au/g-C 3 N 4 A method for preparing a monatomic photocatalyst, comprising:
（1）Au- (C 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 preparation of chelate precursorPreparing:
c is to be 10 H 10 N 4 Dissolving in ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic treatment, continuously stirring until the solution is uniformly dispersed, and slowly dropwise adding Au 3+ Stirring the solution to obtain a mixed solution, and reacting to obtain Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 A chelate precursor solution; said C is 10 H 10 N 4 Is 4,4 '-diamino-2, 2' -bipyridine;
（2）Au/g-C 3 N 4 preparation of a monatomic photocatalyst:
dissolving melamine in Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 Ultrasonically stirring the chelate precursor solution, heating in a water bath until the chelate precursor solution is evaporated to dryness, grinding and drying the evaporated solid, then calcining at high temperature, washing, centrifuging and drying to obtain Au/g-C 3 N 4 A monatomic photocatalyst;
the melamine and Au- (C) 10 H 10 N 4 ) 3 The mass ratio of Au in the chelate precursor solution is 100: 1; the high-temperature calcination conditions are as follows: calcining at 550 ℃ for 6 h.
2. Au/g-C according to claim 1 3 N 4 The preparation method of the monatomic photocatalyst is characterized in that, in the step (1), C 10 H 10 N 4 The dosage ratio of the alcohol to the ethanol is 0.035-0.175 g: 20 mL.
3. Au/g-C according to claim 1 3 N 4 The preparation method of the monatomic photocatalyst is characterized in that in the step (2), the water bath heating is water bath heating at 40-75 ℃.
4. Au/g-C according to claim 1 3 N 4 The preparation method of the monatomic photocatalyst is characterized in that in the step (2), the temperature rise rate of calcination is 5-6 ℃/min.
5. Au/g-C according to claim 4 3 N 4 The preparation method of the monatomic photocatalyst is characterized in that the temperature rise rate of calcination is 5 ℃/min.
6. Au/g-C prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 3 N 4 The application of the monatomic photocatalyst in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.
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