CN106588181A - Method for cultivating broussonetia papyrifera in stony desertification areas - Google Patents
Method for cultivating broussonetia papyrifera in stony desertification areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN106588181A CN106588181A CN201611091437.6A CN201611091437A CN106588181A CN 106588181 A CN106588181 A CN 106588181A CN 201611091437 A CN201611091437 A CN 201611091437A CN 106588181 A CN106588181 A CN 106588181A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating broussonetia papyrifera in stony desertification areas. The method includes processes of seed collecting and treating, seedling cultivating and afforestation cultivating and specifically includes: selecting superior or plus trees of broussonetia papyrifera as seed collecting mother trees; collecting seeds for seed treating; putting the seeds in a container containing a seedling cultivating matrix for seedling cultivating; out-planting seedlings for afforestation; and performing cultivating management on newly planted land. By the method, one-step cultivation of broussonetia papyrifera in the stony desertification areas can be realized, afforestation survival rate is increased from 70-80% to higher than 90%, afforestation efficiency is improved, revegetation process of the stony desertification areas is accelerated, economic income of farmers is increased, and economic, social and ecological benefits are good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forestry technical field of cultivation, more particularly, to a kind of method of Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry cultivation.
Background technology
Stony desertification has become one of three current big ecological problems of China, seriously constrains Southwestern China regional economy society
The sustainable development of meeting.China's stony desertification is occurred mainly in centered on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, be related to Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi,
Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.Wherein Guangxi is that one of region of most serious is safeguarded in stony desertification.Stony desertification causes soil erosion
Aggravation, river reservoir sediment accumulation increases, and the frequent natural calamity such as drought, damage caused by waterlogging seriously constrains Rocky Desert of Land in Guangxi area Jing
The sustainable development of Ji society, it is that the arduous and urgent ecological construction in one, the region is appointed to accelerate Rocky Desertification Region revegetation
Business.
Paper mulberry（Broussonetia papyrifera (Linn.) L'Hér. ex Vent.）Another name structure peach, structure breast
Tree, Chu Shu, Paper mulberry Fruit, sandpaper tree, Gu Mu, paddy slurry tree, false red bayberry, are the upright deciduous tree of Moraceae, high 10-20m.Paper mulberry lateral root
Extremely flourishing, regeneration power is strong, focuses mostly in earth's surface 30cm, interts power by force, more than the 2cm of lateral root stretching, extension then, earth's surface well developed root system,
Part root can also form rhizobium, and network robust construction is formed in soil, be water conservation, conserve water and soil, prevent soil stone
One of optimal seeds of desertization and recovery and reconstruction degeneration Karst ecosystem.Paper mulberry is also the higher fine tree species of value,
It really can eat raw, can also make wine and be used as medicine, and skin, milk liquid can be used as medicine, and to make high-grade paper, leaf can process feed, Jing to micromicro
Battalion paper mulberry, can promote agricultural development, and the development of animal husbandry can be promoted again.Paper mulberry is drought-resistant, salt resistance alkali, growth are rapid, energy
Rapid planting trees on barren hills, barren hill, wasteland and degeneration Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region, are to drive the development of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain area economy
New seeds.From the eighties in 20th century, paper mulberry as Rocky Desertification Control Major Tree Species Planted in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou
Etc. ground Karst Desertification area spread afforestation, have a high potential in karst mountain Popularization And Development.
The content of the invention
The present invention exists to overcome the shortcomings of current Rocky Desertification Control afforestation technology, there is provided a kind of easy to operate, holds
Easily popularization and application, the method for the Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry cultivation that the surrival rate of afforestation is high, seedling growth is fast.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of method of Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry cultivation, including collect seed and Seed Treatment, cultivating seedlings and the operation fostered of afforesting,
It is used as seed collecting elite stand by selecting paper mulberry select tree, collection seed carries out Seed Treatment, is placed in the container equipped with seedling medium and trains
Raise an infant seedling, outplanting afforestation carries out tending management to new afforestation, and its main operational steps is as follows：
（1）Collect seed and Seed Treatment：
1. collect seed：Select 8 years it is raw more than, the paper mulberry of trunk logical straight, robust growth, no disease and pests harm as seed collecting elite stand, 8～September,
Harvest by seed maturity when fruit becomes cerise by cyan；The seed of harvesting is put into into 2～4h of immersion, hand rubbing in clear water
Rub, rub exosper with the hands rotten, many times of Jing rinsings, except obtaining pure seed after the liquid that removes slag；Pure seed is placed in again the height of 800mg/L
Soak after 5～10min in potassium manganate solution, seed ventilation disposed within is dried in the shade, with cloth bag seed is packed, normal temperature laboratory is done
4 DEG C of refrigerations of refrigerator are hidden or are put into, it is standby；
2. Seed Treatment：Before sowing, using 50～65 DEG C of Soaking in hot water vernalization, seed is poured the volumetric ratio of seed and hot water into
For in 1: 2 hot water, bevelling stirring in side is allowed to be heated evenly, and after 30～50min of immersion seed is pulled out, broadcasts by draining away the water
Kind；
（2）Cultivating seedlings：
1. container nursery：Seedling medium is loaded in the non-woven fabrics Seedling bag of 8cm × 10cm, is neatly placed in by 16 bag of 1 row and is educated
On seedbed, surrounding is real with fine earth training；1d before program request, is sprayed for 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate with volumetric concentration to seedling medium
Sterilization；2 seeds of each Seedling bag program request, 2～3cm of earthing waters after broadcasting, and keeps seedling medium moistening；After 15～18d of sowing
Come up, thinning, final singling are carried out when 2～3 true leaves are grown, each Seedling bag cultivates 1 plant of seedling；
2. seedling management：The seedling footpath children of paper mulberry seedling is tender, boring, and summer need to take sunshade net sunshade, described sunshade
5～6m of pilespacing, away from the high 2.5m bracing wires in ground, shading rate is 40～50%；Water in right amount, keep seedling medium moistening, go forward side by side
Weeding in row, topdresses in good time, promotes seedling growth；Manage by the size fractionation of nursery stock, while sunshade net is thrown off, full exposure refining
Seedling, improves adaptability of the nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance；Seedling stage adopts broad spectrum insecticide medicament, and such as metrifonate, Rogor are pressed
Conventional amount used and method are used；Annual more than height of seedling 60cm, can go out garden afforestation；
（3）Afforestation is fostered：
1. site preparation：Site preparation should be completed in autumn and winter last year of afforestation；90～110 plants/667m of the density of plantation2, using cave-shaped site preparation；
Plant hole specification 70～85cm × 70～85cm × 70～85cm, it is ensured that seedling root has enough growing spaces；
2. water-loss reducer and base manure are applied：Water-loss reducer and base manure are discharged reproducing area, and described water-loss reducer and base manure takes layering to discharge；
It is when soil is drenched after mid-December rain, first water-loss reducer and water in mass ratio 1: 100 to be made into into gel that described layering is discharged,
The bottom applies gel 2500g/ caves, then backfills 1/3 table soil and stir, and is then covered by the thick table soil of one layer of 4～5cm and makees
Separation layer, then basal dressing 200g/ caves, backfill table soil is mixed thoroughly, finally smashs back cubsoil to pieces cave, earthing 10cm above ground level, in steamed bun
Head；
3. it is colonized：It is colonized to early Febuary in mid-January；During field planting, nursery stock with rise, with fortune, with plant；Plant hole size with
Depth is slightly larger than seedling root, nursery stock is put in cave, righting nursery stock, returns soil having peace of mind, one layer is then covered again and is loosened the soil, surrounding
Annular groove is opened, finally with weeds overlay tree disk, with sharp rainfall interception, is retained and conserved soil moisture；
4. tending management：The forest land newly made continuously is fostered 3 years, is substantially carried out weeding, is loosened the soil, expands cave and fertilising；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：The insect pest of paper mulberry is mainly longicorn, every to be sprayed with 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl within 10-15 days.
Above step（2）The raw material components and parts by weight of described seedling medium are：50 parts of perlite, baked wheaten cake soil 30
Part, 25 parts of compost, 3 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 2 parts of lime is fully smashed to pieces and used after mixing thoroughly.
Above step（2）In described seedling management, need to be topdressed, be topdressed fertilizer early stage used based on nitrogenous fertilizer,
Enter and stop using after autumn nitrogenous fertilizer, change and apply phosphorus, potash fertilizer, promote nursery stock lignifying；Described topdressing method is that fertilizer is made into into quality
Concentration is the aqueous solution of 0.3～0.5 %, is sprayed 1 time every 15 d, and clear water hydro-peening leaf is used after applying, in case burn nursery stock.
Above step（2）Described thinning is close between taking to mend dilute method, promotes nursery stock to be uniformly distributed；Described final singling is close
Spend for 50 Zhu/㎡.
Above step（3）Described water-loss reducer selects water board agricultural water-loss reducer, and its main component is polyacrylamide, is advised
The mesh of lattice 40～60；The raw material components and parts by weight of described base manure are：150 parts of composite fertilizer, 50 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.
Above step（3）Described weeding and the method for fertilising is each 2 times for weeding in the 1st year, fertilising after plantation, after first weeding
Fertilising, for the first time fertilising is per plant and applies urea 25g, and second fertilising is every Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 100g；2nd year spring and autumn are each
Weeding 1 time, spring loosens the soil and applies fertilizer 1 time, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 200g；Spring weeding in 3rd year and loosen the soil fertilising it is each 1 time, per plant is applied
Composite fertilizer 250g.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the active ingredient of potassium are respectively 10%, 15%, 15% in above-described composite fertilizer, total nutrient >=40%.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has the advantage that as follows with good effect：
1st, this cultural method cultivates seedling using non-woven fabrics Seedling bag, Jing transplant seedlings be completely cured, differentiated control, the technology such as full exposure hardening
Process, nursery stock strong adaptability need not divest Seedling bag, directly bury during plant, do not dissipate group, do not hinder root, do not restrain the growth of seedlings after cultivation, directly
Growth, the surrival rate of afforestation is high.
2nd, the present invention carries out sowing front pretreatment to Broussonetia papyrifera seed, has broken the strong property of seed, and method is simple, side
Just seed is cleaned, impurity is reduced, the germination percentage of seed is improve, preferably sowing effect is obtained.
3rd, the present invention greatly inhibits moisture due to being mixed with appropriate water-loss reducer saturation gel in the subsoil earth of cave
Evaporation, improves saturated soil water content, reduces saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil, so as to slow down the speed that soil discharges water, subtracts
The infiltration and loss of soil moisture are lacked, creating is beneficial to the liquid manure environment of seedling growth, nursery stock grows soon naturally.
4th, the present invention has the characteristic of nitrogen fixation according to the rhizobium that paper mulberry itself produces, and composite fertilizer used is to nitrogen phosphorus
Potassium composition carries out adaptation Sexual behavior mode, makes full use of fertilizer, promotes seedling growth.
5th, the method for Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry cultivation of the present invention, can once cultivate paper mulberry in Rocky Desertification Region, and afforestation survives
Rate brings up to more than 90% from 70～80%, improves afforestation efficiency, accelerates Rocky Desertification Region revegetation process, increases peasant Jing
Ji income, with preferable economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：
Select more than life in 8 years, trunk leads to the straight, paper mulberry of robust growth, no disease and pests harm as seed collecting elite stand, 8～September, works as fruit
Harvest by seed maturity when becoming cerise by cyan；The seed of harvesting is put in clear water and soaks 2h, hand rubbing is rubbed, by outer kind
Skin rubs rotten with the hands, many times of Jing rinsings, except obtaining pure seed after the liquid that removes slag；The potassium permanganate for again pure seed being placed in into 800mg/L is molten
Soak after 10min in liquid, seed ventilation disposed within is dried in the shade, with cloth bag seed is packed, normal temperature laboratory is dry to hide or be put into ice
4 DEG C of refrigerations of case, it is standby.Before sowing, using 50 DEG C of Soaking in hot water vernalization, it is 1 to pour seed into seed with the volumetric ratio of hot water:
In 2 hot water, bevelling stirring in side is allowed to be heated evenly, and after immersion 50min seed is pulled out, sows by draining away the water.
With 50 parts of perlite, 30 parts of soil, 25 parts of compost, 3 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate are burnt, 2 parts of lime fully smashed to pieces and obtained after mixing thoroughly
To seedling medium.Seedling medium is loaded in the non-woven fabrics Seedling bag of 8cm × 10cm, by 16 bag of 1 row seedling bed is neatly placed in
On, surrounding is real with fine earth training.1d before program request, carries out spray and disappears for 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate with volumetric concentration to seedling medium
Poison.2 seeds of each Seedling bag program request, 2～3cm of earthing waters after broadcasting, and keeps seedling medium moistening.Seedling goes out after sowing 18d
Soil, carries out thinning, final singling when 2～3 true leaves are grown, and each Seedling bag cultivates 1 plant of seedling.Thinning is close between taking to mend dilute side
Method, promotes nursery stock to be uniformly distributed；Described final singling density is 50 Zhu/㎡.The seedling footpath children of paper mulberry seedling is tender, boring, summer
Need to take sunshade net sunshade, the 5～6m of pilespacing of described sunshade, away from the high 2.5m bracing wires in ground, shading rate is 40%；In right amount
Water, keep seedling medium moistening, and carry out intertillage weeding, topdress in good time, promote seedling growth.Fertilizer early stage used by topdressing
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, enter and stop using after autumn nitrogenous fertilizer, change and apply phosphorus, potash fertilizer, promote nursery stock lignifying；Topdressing method is to be made in fertilizer
Mass concentration is the aqueous solution of 0.3 %, is sprayed 1 time every 15 d, and clear water hydro-peening leaf is used after applying, in case burn nursery stock.Press seedling
The size fractionation management of wood, while throwing off sunshade net, full exposure hardening improves adaptability of the nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance；
Seedling stage adopts broad spectrum insecticide medicament, such as metrifonate, Rogor, and routinely consumption and method are used；Annual more than height of seedling 60cm,
Garden afforestation can be gone out.
Autumn and winter last year of afforestation completes site preparation；90～110 plants/667m of the density of plantation2, using cave-shaped site preparation；Plant hole is advised
Lattice 70cm × 70cm × 70cm, it is ensured that seedling root has enough growing spaces；Water-loss reducer and base manure are discharged reproducing area, it is described
Water-loss reducer and base manure take layering discharge.Described water-loss reducer selects water board agricultural water-loss reducer, and its main component is poly- third
Acrylamide, the mesh of specification 40；The raw material components and parts by weight of described base manure are：150 parts of composite fertilizer, 50 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.It is multiple
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the active ingredient of potassium are respectively 10%, 15%, 15% in Hefei, total nutrient >=40%.Layering release is in rain mid-December
When afterwards soil is drenched, first water-loss reducer and water in mass ratio 1: 100 are made into into gel, the bottom applies gel 2500g/ caves, then backfills
1/3 table soil is stirred, and is then covered by the thick table soil of one layer of 4～5cm and is made separation layer, then basal dressing 200g/ caves, is backfilled
Table soil is mixed thoroughly, finally smashs back cubsoil to pieces cave, earthing 10cm above ground level, in steamed bun shape.
It is colonized to early Febuary in mid-January；During field planting, nursery stock with rise, with fortune, with plant；Plant hole size and depth
Seedling root is slightly larger than, nursery stock is put in cave, righting nursery stock, return soil having peace of mind, one layer is then covered again and is loosened the soil, surrounding open loop
Shape ditch, finally with weeds overlay tree disk, with sharp rainfall interception, retains and conserve soil moisture.
The forest land newly made continuously is fostered 3 years, is substantially carried out weeding, is loosened the soil, expands cave and fertilising.Weeding in 1st year after plantation,
Apply fertilizer each 2 times, apply fertilizer after first weeding, fertilising for the first time is per plant and applies urea 25g, second fertilising is every Zhu Shi composite fertilizers
100g；2nd year spring and autumn each weeding 1 time, spring loosens the soil fertilising 1 time, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 200g；Spring weeding in 3rd year
Fertilising is each 1 time with loosening the soil, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 250g.Nitrogen, phosphorus, the active ingredient of potassium are respectively in composite fertilizer used above
10%th, 15%, 15%, total nutrient >=40%.The insect pest of paper mulberry is mainly longicorn, per 10-15 days with 800 times of liquid sprays of thiophanate methyl
Kill.After 3 years, paper mulberry is 93.6% in the Rocky Desertification Region survival rate.
Embodiment 2：
Select more than life in 8 years, trunk leads to the straight, paper mulberry of robust growth, no disease and pests harm as seed collecting elite stand, 8～September, works as fruit
Harvest by seed maturity when becoming cerise by cyan；The seed of harvesting is put in clear water and soaks 3h, hand rubbing is rubbed, by outer kind
Skin rubs rotten with the hands, many times of Jing rinsings, except obtaining pure seed after the liquid that removes slag；The potassium permanganate for again pure seed being placed in into 800mg/L is molten
Soak after 10min in liquid, seed ventilation disposed within is dried in the shade, with cloth bag seed is packed, normal temperature laboratory is dry to hide or be put into ice
4 DEG C of refrigerations of case, it is standby.Before sowing, using 60 DEG C of Soaking in hot water vernalization, it is 1 to pour seed into seed with the volumetric ratio of hot water:
In 2 hot water, bevelling stirring in side is allowed to be heated evenly, and after immersion 40min seed is pulled out, sows by draining away the water.
With 50 parts of perlite, 30 parts of soil, 25 parts of compost, 3 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate are burnt, 2 parts of lime fully smashed to pieces and obtained after mixing thoroughly
To seedling medium.Seedling medium is loaded in the non-woven fabrics Seedling bag of 8cm × 10cm, by 16 bag of 1 row seedling bed is neatly placed in
On, surrounding is real with fine earth training.1d before program request, carries out spray and disappears for 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate with volumetric concentration to seedling medium
Poison.2 seeds of each Seedling bag program request, 2～3cm of earthing waters after broadcasting, and keeps seedling medium moistening.Seedling goes out after sowing 16d
Soil, carries out thinning, final singling when 2～3 true leaves are grown, and each Seedling bag cultivates 1 plant of seedling.Thinning is close between taking to mend dilute side
Method, promotes nursery stock to be uniformly distributed；Described final singling density is 50 Zhu/㎡.The seedling footpath children of paper mulberry seedling is tender, boring, summer
Need to take sunshade net sunshade, the 5～6m of pilespacing of described sunshade, away from the high 2.5m bracing wires in ground, shading rate is 45%；In right amount
Water, keep seedling medium moistening, and carry out intertillage weeding, topdress in good time, promote seedling growth.Fertilizer early stage used by topdressing
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, enter and stop using after autumn nitrogenous fertilizer, change and apply phosphorus, potash fertilizer, promote nursery stock lignifying；Topdressing method is to be made in fertilizer
Mass concentration is the aqueous solution of 0.4 %, is sprayed 1 time every 15 d, and clear water hydro-peening leaf is used after applying, in case burn nursery stock.Press seedling
The size fractionation management of wood, while throwing off sunshade net, full exposure hardening improves adaptability of the nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance；
Seedling stage adopts broad spectrum insecticide medicament, such as metrifonate, Rogor, and routinely consumption and method are used；Annual more than height of seedling 60cm,
Garden afforestation can be gone out.
Autumn and winter last year of afforestation completes site preparation；90～110 plants/667m of the density of plantation2, using cave-shaped site preparation；Plant hole is advised
Lattice 80cm × 80cm × 80cm, it is ensured that seedling root has enough growing spaces；Water-loss reducer and base manure are discharged reproducing area, it is described
Water-loss reducer and base manure take layering discharge.Described water-loss reducer selects water board agricultural water-loss reducer, and its main component is poly- third
Acrylamide, the mesh of specification 40；The raw material components and parts by weight of described base manure are：150 parts of composite fertilizer, 50 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.It is multiple
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the active ingredient of potassium are respectively 10%, 15%, 15% in Hefei, total nutrient >=40%.Layering release is in rain mid-December
When afterwards soil is drenched, first water-loss reducer and water in mass ratio 1: 100 are made into into gel, the bottom applies gel 2500g/ caves, then backfills
1/3 table soil is stirred, and is then covered by the thick table soil of one layer of 4～5cm and is made separation layer, then basal dressing 200g/ caves, is backfilled
Table soil is mixed thoroughly, finally smashs back cubsoil to pieces cave, earthing 10cm above ground level, in steamed bun shape.
It is colonized to early Febuary in mid-January；During field planting, nursery stock with rise, with fortune, with plant；Plant hole size and depth
Seedling root is slightly larger than, nursery stock is put in cave, righting nursery stock, return soil having peace of mind, one layer is then covered again and is loosened the soil, surrounding open loop
Shape ditch, finally with weeds overlay tree disk, with sharp rainfall interception, retains and conserve soil moisture.
The forest land newly made continuously is fostered 3 years, is substantially carried out weeding, is loosened the soil, expands cave and fertilising.Weeding in 1st year after plantation,
Apply fertilizer each 2 times, apply fertilizer after first weeding, fertilising for the first time is per plant and applies urea 25g, second fertilising is every Zhu Shi composite fertilizers
100g；2nd year spring and autumn each weeding 1 time, spring loosens the soil fertilising 1 time, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 200g；Spring weeding in 3rd year
Fertilising is each 1 time with loosening the soil, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 250g.Nitrogen, phosphorus, the active ingredient of potassium are respectively in composite fertilizer used above
10%th, 15%, 15%, total nutrient >=40%.The insect pest of paper mulberry is mainly longicorn, per 10-15 days with 800 times of liquid sprays of thiophanate methyl
Kill.After 3 years, paper mulberry is 92.8% in the Rocky Desertification Region survival rate.
Embodiment 3：
Select more than life in 8 years, trunk leads to the straight, paper mulberry of robust growth, no disease and pests harm as seed collecting elite stand, 8～September, works as fruit
Harvest by seed maturity when becoming cerise by cyan；The seed of harvesting is put in clear water and soaks 4h, hand rubbing is rubbed, by outer kind
Skin rubs rotten with the hands, many times of Jing rinsings, except obtaining pure seed after the liquid that removes slag；The potassium permanganate for again pure seed being placed in into 800mg/L is molten
Soak after 5min in liquid, seed ventilation disposed within is dried in the shade, with cloth bag seed is packed, normal temperature laboratory is dry to hide or be put into refrigerator
4 DEG C of refrigerations, it is standby.Before sowing, using 65 DEG C of Soaking in hot water vernalization, it is 1: 2 to pour seed into seed with the volumetric ratio of hot water
Hot water in, side bevelling stirring, be allowed to be heated evenly, immersion 30min after pull seed out, draining away the water by sowing.
With 50 parts of perlite, 30 parts of soil, 25 parts of compost, 3 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate are burnt, 2 parts of lime fully smashed to pieces and obtained after mixing thoroughly
To seedling medium.Seedling medium is loaded in the non-woven fabrics Seedling bag of 8cm × 10cm, by 16 bag of 1 row seedling bed is neatly placed in
On, surrounding is real with fine earth training.1d before program request, carries out spray and disappears for 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate with volumetric concentration to seedling medium
Poison.2 seeds of each Seedling bag program request, 2～3cm of earthing waters after broadcasting, and keeps seedling medium moistening.Seedling goes out after sowing 15d
Soil, carries out thinning, final singling when 2～3 true leaves are grown, and each Seedling bag cultivates 1 plant of seedling.Thinning is close between taking to mend dilute side
Method, promotes nursery stock to be uniformly distributed；Described final singling density is 50 Zhu/㎡.The seedling footpath children of paper mulberry seedling is tender, boring, summer
Need to take sunshade net sunshade, the 5～6m of pilespacing of described sunshade, away from the high 2.5m bracing wires in ground, shading rate is 50%；In right amount
Water, keep seedling medium moistening, and carry out intertillage weeding, topdress in good time, promote seedling growth.Fertilizer early stage used by topdressing
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, enter and stop using after autumn nitrogenous fertilizer, change and apply phosphorus, potash fertilizer, promote nursery stock lignifying；Topdressing method is to be made in fertilizer
Mass concentration is the aqueous solution of 0.5 %, is sprayed 1 time every 15 d, and clear water hydro-peening leaf is used after applying, in case burn nursery stock.Press seedling
The size fractionation management of wood, while throwing off sunshade net, full exposure hardening improves adaptability of the nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance；
Seedling stage adopts broad spectrum insecticide medicament, such as metrifonate, Rogor, and routinely consumption and method are used；Annual more than height of seedling 60cm,
Garden afforestation can be gone out.
Autumn and winter last year of afforestation completes site preparation；90～110 plants/667m of the density of plantation2, using cave-shaped site preparation；Plant hole is advised
Lattice 85cm × 85cm × 85cm, it is ensured that seedling root has enough growing spaces；Water-loss reducer and base manure are discharged reproducing area, it is described
Water-loss reducer and base manure take layering discharge.Described water-loss reducer selects water board agricultural water-loss reducer, and its main component is poly- third
Acrylamide, the mesh of specification 60；The raw material components and parts by weight of described base manure are：150 parts of composite fertilizer, 50 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.It is multiple
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the active ingredient of potassium are respectively 10%, 15%, 15% in Hefei, total nutrient >=40%.Layering release is in rain mid-December
When afterwards soil is drenched, first water-loss reducer and water in mass ratio 1: 100 are made into into gel, the bottom applies gel 2500g/ caves, then backfills
1/3 table soil is stirred, and is then covered by the thick table soil of one layer of 4～5cm and is made separation layer, then basal dressing 200g/ caves, is backfilled
Table soil is mixed thoroughly, finally smashs back cubsoil to pieces cave, earthing 10cm above ground level, in steamed bun shape.
It is colonized to early Febuary in mid-January；During field planting, nursery stock with rise, with fortune, with plant；Plant hole size and depth
Seedling root is slightly larger than, nursery stock is put in cave, righting nursery stock, return soil having peace of mind, one layer is then covered again and is loosened the soil, surrounding open loop
Shape ditch, finally with weeds overlay tree disk, with sharp rainfall interception, retains and conserve soil moisture.
The forest land newly made continuously is fostered 3 years, is substantially carried out weeding, is loosened the soil, expands cave and fertilising.Weeding in 1st year after plantation,
Apply fertilizer each 2 times, apply fertilizer after first weeding, fertilising for the first time is per plant and applies urea 25g, second fertilising is every Zhu Shi composite fertilizers
100g；2nd year spring and autumn each weeding 1 time, spring loosens the soil fertilising 1 time, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 200g；Spring weeding in 3rd year
Fertilising is each 1 time with loosening the soil, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 250g.Nitrogen, phosphorus, the active ingredient of potassium are respectively in composite fertilizer used above
10%th, 15%, 15%, total nutrient >=40%.The insect pest of paper mulberry is mainly longicorn, per 10-15 days with 800 times of liquid sprays of thiophanate methyl
Kill.After 3 years, paper mulberry is 92.0% in the Rocky Desertification Region survival rate.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method that Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry is cultivated, it is characterised in that：Including collecting seed and Seed Treatment, cultivating seedlings and make
The operation that woods fosters, by selecting paper mulberry select tree seed collecting elite stand is used as, and collection seed carries out Seed Treatment, is placed in equipped with nursery base
Seedling is cultivated in the container of matter, outplanting afforestation carries out tending management to new afforestation, and its main operational steps is as follows：
（1）Collect seed and Seed Treatment：
1. collect seed：Select 8 years it is raw more than, the paper mulberry of trunk logical straight, robust growth, no disease and pests harm as seed collecting elite stand, 8～September,
Harvest by seed maturity when fruit becomes cerise by cyan；The seed of harvesting is put into into 2～4h of immersion, hand rubbing in clear water
Rub, rub exosper with the hands rotten, many times of Jing rinsings, except obtaining pure seed after the liquid that removes slag；Pure seed is placed in again the height of 800mg/L
Soak after 5～10min in potassium manganate solution, seed ventilation disposed within is dried in the shade, with cloth bag seed is packed, normal temperature laboratory is done
4 DEG C of refrigerations of refrigerator are hidden or are put into, it is standby；
2. Seed Treatment：Before sowing, using 50～65 DEG C of Soaking in hot water vernalization, seed is poured the volumetric ratio of seed and hot water into
For in 1: 2 hot water, bevelling stirring in side is allowed to be heated evenly, and after 30～50min of immersion seed is pulled out, broadcasts by draining away the water
Kind；
（2）Cultivating seedlings：
1. container nursery：Seedling medium is loaded in the non-woven fabrics Seedling bag of 8cm × 10cm, is neatly placed in by 16 bag of 1 row and is educated
On seedbed, surrounding is real with fine earth training；1d before program request, is sprayed for 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate with volumetric concentration to seedling medium
Sterilization；2 seeds of each Seedling bag program request, 2～3cm of earthing waters after broadcasting, and keeps seedling medium moistening；After 15～18d of sowing
Come up, thinning, final singling are carried out when 2～3 true leaves are grown, each Seedling bag cultivates 1 plant of seedling；
2. seedling management：The seedling footpath children of paper mulberry seedling is tender, boring, and summer need to take sunshade net sunshade, described sunshade
5～6m of pilespacing, away from the high 2.5m bracing wires in ground, shading rate is 40～50%；Water in right amount, keep seedling medium moistening, go forward side by side
Weeding in row, topdresses in good time, promotes seedling growth；Manage by the size fractionation of nursery stock, while sunshade net is thrown off, full exposure refining
Seedling, improves adaptability of the nursery stock to environment, strengthens resistance；Seedling stage adopts broad spectrum insecticide medicament, and such as metrifonate, Rogor are pressed
Conventional amount used and method are used；Annual more than height of seedling 60cm, can go out garden afforestation；
（3）Afforestation is fostered：
1. site preparation：Site preparation should be completed in autumn and winter last year of afforestation；90～110 plants/667m of the density of plantation2, using cave-shaped site preparation；
Plant hole specification 70～85cm × 70～85cm × 70～85cm, it is ensured that seedling root has enough growing spaces；
2. water-loss reducer and base manure are applied：Water-loss reducer and base manure are discharged reproducing area, and described water-loss reducer and base manure takes layering to discharge；
It is when soil is drenched after mid-December rain, first water-loss reducer and water in mass ratio 1: 100 to be made into into gel that described layering is discharged,
The bottom applies gel 2500g/ caves, then backfills 1/3 table soil and stir, and is then covered by the thick table soil of one layer of 4～5cm and makees
Separation layer, then basal dressing 200g/ caves, backfill table soil is mixed thoroughly, finally smashs back cubsoil to pieces cave, earthing 10cm above ground level, in steamed bun
Head；
3. it is colonized：It is colonized to early Febuary in mid-January；During field planting, nursery stock with rise, with fortune, with plant；Plant hole size with
Depth is slightly larger than seedling root, nursery stock is put in cave, righting nursery stock, returns soil having peace of mind, one layer is then covered again and is loosened the soil, surrounding
Annular groove is opened, finally with weeds overlay tree disk, with sharp rainfall interception, is retained and conserved soil moisture；
4. tending management：The forest land newly made continuously is fostered 3 years, is substantially carried out weeding, is loosened the soil, expands cave and fertilising；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：The insect pest of paper mulberry is mainly longicorn, every to be sprayed with 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl within 10-15 days.
2. the method that a kind of Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterised in that：Step（2）It is described
Seedling medium raw material components and parts by weight be：50 parts of perlite, 30 parts of baked wheaten cake soil, 25 parts of compost, 3 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate,
2 parts of lime, fully smashs to pieces and is used after mixing thoroughly.
3. the method that a kind of Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterised in that：Step（2）It is described
Seedling management in, need to be topdressed, topdress fertilizer early stage used based on nitrogenous fertilizer, enter and stop using after autumn nitrogenous fertilizer, change and apply
Phosphorus, potash fertilizer, promote nursery stock lignifying；Described topdressing method is that fertilizer is made into into mass concentration is the water-soluble of 0.3～0.5 %
Liquid, sprays 1 time every 15 d, and clear water hydro-peening leaf is used after applying, in case burn nursery stock.
4. the method that a kind of Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterised in that：Step（2）It is described
Thinning take between it is close mend dilute method, promote nursery stock to be uniformly distributed；Described final singling density is 50 Zhu/㎡.
5. the method that a kind of Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterised in that：Step（3）It is described
Water-loss reducer select water board agricultural water-loss reducer, its main component be polyacrylamide, the mesh of specification 40～60；Described base manure
Raw material components and parts by weight are：150 parts of composite fertilizer, 50 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.
6. the method that a kind of Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterised in that：Step（3）It is described
Weeding and fertilising method is weeding in the 1st year after plantation, applies fertilizer each 2 times, apply fertilizer after first weeding, for the first time fertilising is per plant and applies
Urea 25g, second fertilising is every Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 100g；2nd year spring and autumn each weeding 1 time, spring loosens the soil fertilising 1
It is secondary, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 200g；Spring weeding in 3rd year and fertilising of loosening the soil are each 1 time, per Zhu Shi composite fertilizers 250g.
7. the method that a kind of Rocky Desertification Region paper mulberry according to claim 5 or 6 is cultivated, it is characterised in that：Described answers
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the active ingredient of potassium are respectively 10%, 15%, 15% in Hefei, total nutrient >=40%.
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| CN107114094A (en) * | 2017-05-13 | 2017-09-01 | 梁钟 | A kind of method of desert area Aloe Planting |
| CN107135878A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-08 | 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所 | It is adapted to the cultural method of Guizhou Rocky Desertification Region honey locust |
| CN107278605A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-10-24 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | A kind of ecological Tending methods of mussot swertia herb |
| CN107896859A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 恭城福茂生油茶文化产业发展有限公司 | A kind of stony desertification implantation methods of Siraitia grosvenorii |
| CN108307901A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-24 | 天长市金农农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of paper mulberry |
| CN108934668A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州中魁农业（集团）中林农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of paper mulberry |
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| CN109744057A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-05-14 | 渭南顺天农用酵素科技有限公司 | A kind of afforestation technology suitable for Rocky Desertification Region |
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| CN110169299A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-27 | 广西大学 | The method of forest interplanting Camellia nitidissima after stony desertification vegetation repair |
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| CN110870408A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-10 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method for greening ground cover by using fir longibracteata in cold plateau area |
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| CN107114094A (en) * | 2017-05-13 | 2017-09-01 | 梁钟 | A kind of method of desert area Aloe Planting |
| CN107135878A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-08 | 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所 | It is adapted to the cultural method of Guizhou Rocky Desertification Region honey locust |
| CN107278605A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-10-24 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | A kind of ecological Tending methods of mussot swertia herb |
| CN107896859A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 恭城福茂生油茶文化产业发展有限公司 | A kind of stony desertification implantation methods of Siraitia grosvenorii |
| CN108307901A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-24 | 天长市金农农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of paper mulberry |
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| CN110870408A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-10 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method for greening ground cover by using fir longibracteata in cold plateau area |
| CN109220471A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A method of bare slope is afforested using paper mulberry |
| CN109744057A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-05-14 | 渭南顺天农用酵素科技有限公司 | A kind of afforestation technology suitable for Rocky Desertification Region |
| CN109479663A (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2019-03-19 | 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 | A kind of method of stony desertification ecological region planting locust tree |
| CN110178620A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-30 | 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 | A kind of Rocky Desertification Region locust tree water retention cultivating method |
| CN110063192A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-07-30 | 湖南省森林植物园 | A kind of method of Rocky Desertification Region plant Symplocos tetagona |
| CN110169299A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-27 | 广西大学 | The method of forest interplanting Camellia nitidissima after stony desertification vegetation repair |
| CN110521483A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 贵州务川科华生物科技有限公司 | A kind of paper mulberry method for culturing seedlings |
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