CN113591311A - Method for evaluating order squeaking of electric automobile - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric automobile order squeal evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: step one, arranging a microphone at the position of the right ear of a driver; respectively acquiring noise time domain signals under the vehicle acceleration working condition and the braking deceleration working condition, synchronously acquiring motor rotating speed time domain signals of the vehicle, and acquiring at least three groups of data; thirdly, judging the effectiveness of the noise time domain signal collected by the microphone, and selecting effective data; and step four, randomly selecting a group of effective judgment data for calculation and analysis, calculating the tone-to-noise ratio of the order noise in the acceleration process and the deceleration process in the time domain according to the tone-to-noise ratio calculation standard for the collected noise time domain signals, extracting the maximum peak value of the tone-to-noise ratio of the order howling noise in three frequency ranges of the position of the right ear of the driver below 1500Hz, 1500-plus-4000 Hz and above 4000Hz, comparing the maximum peak value with the evaluation standard, and judging whether the order howling is obvious. The method can objectively quantify the severity of the order howling of the electric automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of noise analysis, in particular to an evaluation method for order howling of an electric automobile.
Background
The new energy automobile industry is developed at a high speed at present, and pure electric vehicles occupy a place in the automobile market, and the requirement of consumers on the comfortable driving of the vehicles is higher and higher. Although the pure electric vehicle has no noise of an engine, the high-rotating speed and high-torque motor characteristics of the pure electric vehicle make the order squeaking noise prominent during the driving process, and the order squeaking noise seriously influences the riding comfort of the vehicle mainly through the form of medium-high frequency noise.
At present, most automobile enterprises mainly evaluate the severity of order squeal in the driving process through the sound pressure level of order noise and the vibration level thereof, but the order squeal noise of a pure electric automobile mainly comprises medium-high frequency order noise formed by the operation of a motor and a speed reducer and low-frequency order noise formed by the operation of accessories such as a fan and the like, and has multiple order components and wide frequency range. Therefore, the order noise sound pressure level and the vibration magnitude thereof are difficult to make reasonable and comprehensive objective evaluation for the order howling levels in different frequency intervals, and a method capable of objectively testing and evaluating the order howling levels in different frequency intervals needs to be established.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electric automobile order squeal evaluation method which can objectively quantify the severity of the electric automobile order squeal.
The invention relates to an electric automobile order howling evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a microphone at the position of the right ear of a driver in a whole vehicle state;
respectively acquiring noise time domain signals under the vehicle acceleration working condition and the braking deceleration working condition, synchronously acquiring motor rotating speed time domain signals of the vehicle, and acquiring at least three groups of data;
thirdly, judging the effectiveness of the noise time domain signal collected by the microphone, and selecting effective data;
and step four, randomly selecting a group of effective judgment data for calculation and analysis, respectively calculating the tone-to-noise ratio of the order noise in the acceleration process and the deceleration process in the time domain according to the tone-to-noise ratio calculation standard for the collected noise time domain signals, extracting the maximum peak value of the tone-to-noise ratio of the order howling noise in three frequency ranges of the position of the right ear of the driver below 1500Hz, 1500-plus-4000 Hz and above 4000Hz, if the maximum peak value is less than or equal to the evaluation standard, evaluating that the order howling noise is not obvious, and the user can receive the order howling noise, and if the maximum peak value is greater than the evaluation standard, evaluating that the order howling noise is obvious and the user cannot receive the order howling noise.
Further, the comparison between the maximum peak value of the tone-to-noise ratio of the order howling noise in the three frequency ranges in the fourth step and the evaluation criterion is specifically as follows: under the acceleration condition, when the tone noise ratio of the order howling noise at the position of the right ear of a driver is less than or equal to 6 at the maximum peak value of a frequency band below 1500Hz, less than or equal to 1.5 at the maximum peak value of a frequency band above 1500-4000Hz and less than or equal to 1 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band above 4000Hz, the order howling noise is evaluated to be unobvious and can be accepted by a user, otherwise, the order howling noise is evaluated to be obvious and can not be accepted by the user; under the deceleration condition, when the tone noise ratio of the order howling noise at the position of the right ear of the driver is less than or equal to 5 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band below 1500Hz, less than or equal to 1 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band 1500-4000Hz, and less than or equal to 0.5 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band above 4000Hz, the order howling noise is evaluated to be unobvious and can be accepted by a user, otherwise, the order howling noise is evaluated to be obvious and can not be accepted by the user.
Further, the pitch-to-noise ratio calculation criterion in the fourth step is specifically:
wherein
In the formula:
in order to be able to tune the noise energy,
for the noise energy of the critical band where the monotone tone is located except for itself,
noise energy of critical frequency band，ΔfcIs a critical band width, Δ ftotalFor a spectrum analyzer bandwidth based on fast Fourier transform, Δ ftoneIs a single tone bandwidth.
Further, the validity judgment in the third step is specifically as follows: and respectively intercepting acceleration and deceleration process data from at least three groups of collected data, calculating the total sound pressure level value of the right ear of the driver along with the vehicle speed by taking the vehicle speed signal as reference, and comparing the total sound pressure level value and the change trend of the right ear of the driver in the groups of data, wherein if the consistency is better, the groups of data are all effective data, otherwise, the effective data are collected again.
Further, the acceleration working condition of the second step is that the vehicle is accelerated to 120km/h from the creeping vehicle speed through the full accelerator pedal opening, and the acceleration working condition is that the vehicle is decelerated to the creeping vehicle speed from 120km/h at the highest energy recovery level.
According to the method, the tone-to-noise ratio of the order noise in the vehicle in the acceleration process and the deceleration process in the time domain is obtained by calculating the collected noise time domain signals, and then the maximum peak value of the tone-to-noise ratio of the order howling noise in three frequency ranges of the position of the right ear of the driver below 1500Hz, 1500-4000Hz and above 4000Hz is extracted, so that the severity of the order howling of the electric vehicle is objectively quantized. And comparing the obtained maximum peak value with an evaluation standard, and accurately evaluating whether the order howling of the electric automobile is obvious or not.
According to the invention, the three frequency range sections and the evaluation standard are specially limited, so that the evaluation result can be ensured to correspond to the actual subjective evaluation, and the accuracy of the evaluation result is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of microphones according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a tonal to noise ratio analysis plot for a driver's right ear position under acceleration conditions in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of a peak analysis of tonal-to-noise ratio at 1500Hz for a driver's right ear position under acceleration conditions in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the tonal noise ratio at the right ear of a driver in the acceleration mode at 1500-4000Hz peak analysis;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the peak analysis of the speed to pitch noise ratio above 4000Hz for the right ear of the driver under acceleration conditions in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An electric automobile order howling evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step one, vehicle preparation, specifically:
1.1 checking the vehicle state, confirming the driving safety, and if no problem exists, carrying out the subsequent steps.
1.2 the electric quantity of the vehicle is sufficient, the electric quantity of the battery generally needs to be more than 50%, and the lowest electric quantity is not less than 30%, and in the process of the test, if a low electric quantity prompt appears, the test is stopped.
1.3 before the vehicle is tested, the vehicle to be tested is required to keep the speed of the vehicle above 50km/h and run for 3 minutes so as to ensure that a power driving system, a battery and an electric control system of the vehicle are in a normal working state. When the low-temperature environment is tested, namely the environment temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, whether the power output of the power driving system of the vehicle to be tested is normal or not needs to be confirmed.
Referring to fig. 1, a microphone 1 is disposed at a driver's right ear position in a full vehicle state.
Step two, firstly confirming the environmental conditions, specifically:
2.1 meteorological conditions, the environmental temperature is in the range of-5 ℃ to +40 ℃; the ambient wind speed should be less than 5 m/s; the weather condition is good, the test is not influenced, and rain, snow and the like do not exist.
2.2, environmental noise, wherein other vehicles cannot pass by the tested vehicle in the test process; under the specified frequency range of experimental analysis, the environmental noise is lower than the noise value to be analyzed by more than 10dB (A); the test road is required to be a straight asphalt pavement without accumulated water and accumulated snow, and the vehicle keeps moving straight in the test process.
Then noise time domain signals under the vehicle acceleration working condition and the braking deceleration working condition are respectively collected, motor rotating speed time domain signals of the vehicle are synchronously collected, three groups of data are collected, and each group of data simultaneously comprises the noise time domain signals under the acceleration working condition and the deceleration working condition. The acceleration working condition is that the vehicle is accelerated to 120km/h from the creep running speed through the full accelerator pedal opening, and the acceleration working condition is that the vehicle is decelerated to the creep running speed from 120km/h at the highest energy recovery level.
And thirdly, judging the effectiveness of the noise time domain signals collected by the microphone, and selecting effective data. The validity judgment specifically comprises the following steps: and respectively intercepting acceleration and deceleration process data from the three groups of collected data, calculating the total sound pressure level value of the right ear of the driver along with the vehicle speed by taking the vehicle speed signal as reference, and comparing the total sound pressure level value and the variation trend of the right ear of the driver in the three groups of collected data, wherein if the consistency is better, the three groups of collected data are all effective data, otherwise, the collected data are collected again to obtain the effective data.
Step four, randomly selecting a group of effective judgment data for calculation and analysis, and calculating the tone-to-noise ratio of the acquired noise time domain signals in the acceleration process and the deceleration process in the time domain according to the tone-to-noise ratio calculation standard, wherein the tone-to-noise ratio calculation standard specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein
In the formula:
the noise energy of a monotone tone is,
for the noise energy of the critical band where the monotone tone is located except for itself,
noise energy of critical band, Δ fcIs a critical band width, Δ ftotalFor a spectrum analyzer bandwidth based on fast Fourier transform, Δ ftoneIs a monotonous bandwidth.
The analysis parameter setting specifically comprises: analyzing the frequency: 12800Hz, resolution: 5Hz, window function: hanning Window, weight-calculating mode: weighting A, amplitude: RMS, vehicle speed step: 0.5 km/h. Through calculation, referring to fig. 2, a tone-to-noise ratio analysis graph of the position of the right ear of the driver under the acceleration condition is obtained, the vertical axis is the vehicle speed and can be obtained through direct conversion of a motor rotating speed signal, and the horizontal axis is the frequency. And (3) performing segment division calculation on the graph 2, and extracting the maximum peak value of the tone-to-noise ratio of the order howling noise in three frequency ranges of the position of the right ear of the driver below 1500Hz, 1500-4000Hz and above 4000 Hz.
Referring to fig. 3, the maximum peak of the order howling noise tone-to-noise ratio at the position of the driver's right ear is about 2.34 in the frequency range below 1500 Hz.
Referring to FIG. 4, the maximum peak value of the tone-to-noise ratio of the order howling noise at the position of the right ear of the driver is about 1.77 in the frequency range of 1500-4000 Hz.
Referring to fig. 5, the maximum peak of the order howling noise tone-to-noise ratio at the position of the driver's right ear is about 0.79 in the frequency range above 4000 Hz.
And if the maximum peak value is less than or equal to the evaluation standard, evaluating that the order howling noise is not obvious and can be accepted by the user, and if the maximum peak value is greater than the evaluation standard, evaluating that the order howling noise is obvious and cannot be accepted by the user. The comparison between the maximum peak of the tone-to-noise ratio of the order howling noise in the three frequency range segments and the evaluation criterion is specifically as follows: under the acceleration condition, when the noise ratio of the sound of the order howling noise at the position of the right ear of the driver is less than or equal to 6 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band below 1500Hz, less than or equal to 1.5 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band above 1500-4000Hz and less than or equal to 1 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band above 4000Hz, the evaluation is that the order howling noise is not obvious and can be accepted by a user, otherwise, the evaluation is that the order howling noise is obvious and cannot be accepted by the user; under the deceleration condition, when the tone noise ratio of the order howling noise at the position of the right ear of the driver is less than or equal to 5 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band below 1500Hz, less than or equal to 1 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band 1500-4000Hz, and less than or equal to 0.5 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band above 4000Hz, the order howling noise is evaluated to be unobvious and can be accepted by a user, otherwise, the order howling noise is evaluated to be obvious and can not be accepted by the user.
Under the acceleration condition, the tone noise ratio of the order howling noise at the position of the right ear of a driver is less than 6 at the maximum peak value 2.34 of a frequency band below 1500Hz, 1.77 of the maximum peak value of a 1500-plus-4000 Hz frequency band is more than 1.5, 0.79 of the maximum peak value of the frequency band above 4000Hz is less than 1, namely the maximum peak value of the 1500-plus-4000 Hz frequency band is more than an evaluation standard, and further the evaluation shows that the order howling noise is obvious and cannot be accepted by a user.
Claims (5)
1. An order howling evaluation method of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, arranging a microphone at the position of the right ear of a driver in a whole vehicle state;
respectively acquiring noise time domain signals under the vehicle acceleration working condition and the braking deceleration working condition, synchronously acquiring motor rotating speed time domain signals of the vehicle, and acquiring at least three groups of data;
thirdly, judging the effectiveness of the noise time domain signal collected by the microphone, and selecting effective data;
and step four, randomly selecting a group of effective judgment data for calculation and analysis, respectively calculating the tone-to-noise ratio of the order noise in the acceleration process and the deceleration process in the time domain according to the tone-to-noise ratio calculation standard for the collected noise time domain signals, extracting the maximum peak value of the tone-to-noise ratio of the order howling noise in three frequency ranges of the position of the right ear of the driver below 1500Hz, 1500-plus-4000 Hz and above 4000Hz, if the maximum peak value is less than or equal to the evaluation standard, evaluating that the order howling noise is not obvious and the user can accept the order howling noise, and if the maximum peak value is greater than the evaluation standard, evaluating that the order howling noise is obvious and the user cannot accept the order howling noise.
2. The method for evaluating the order howling of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the comparison between the maximum peak value of the order howling noise tone-to-noise ratio in the three frequency ranges of the fourth step and the evaluation criterion is specifically as follows: under the acceleration condition, when the tone noise ratio of the order howling noise at the position of the right ear of a driver is less than or equal to 6 at the maximum peak value of a frequency band below 1500Hz, less than or equal to 1.5 at the maximum peak value of a frequency band above 1500-4000Hz and less than or equal to 1 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band above 4000Hz, the order howling noise is evaluated to be unobvious and can be accepted by a user, otherwise, the order howling noise is evaluated to be obvious and can not be accepted by the user;
under the deceleration condition, when the tone noise ratio of the order howling noise at the position of the right ear of the driver is less than or equal to 5 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band below 1500Hz, less than or equal to 1 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band 1500-4000Hz, and less than or equal to 0.5 at the maximum peak value of the frequency band above 4000Hz, the order howling noise is evaluated to be unobvious and can be accepted by a user, otherwise, the order howling noise is evaluated to be obvious and can not be accepted by the user.
3. The electric vehicle order howling evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pitch-to-noise ratio calculation criterion in the fourth step is specifically as follows:
4. The method for evaluating the order squeal of the electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the validity judgment in the third step is specifically as follows: and respectively intercepting acceleration and deceleration process data from at least three groups of collected data, calculating the total sound pressure level value of the right ear of the driver along with the vehicle speed by taking the vehicle speed signal as reference, and comparing the total sound pressure level value and the change trend of the right ear of the driver in the multiple groups of data, wherein if the consistency is better, the multiple groups of data are all effective data, otherwise, the effective data are collected again.
5. The electric vehicle order howling evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and the acceleration working condition of the second step is that the vehicle is accelerated to 120km/h from the creep vehicle speed through the full accelerator pedal opening, and the acceleration working condition is that the vehicle is decelerated to the creep vehicle speed from 120km/h with the highest energy recovery level.
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