CN113586384A - Method for manufacturing glasses plate, glasses plate and manufacturing system - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing glasses plate, glasses plate and manufacturing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113586384A CN113586384A CN202110850659.6A CN202110850659A CN113586384A CN 113586384 A CN113586384 A CN 113586384A CN 202110850659 A CN202110850659 A CN 202110850659A CN 113586384 A CN113586384 A CN 113586384A
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 28
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tungsten Chemical compound [Ni].[W] MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
- F04B15/02—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a glasses plate, a glasses plate and a manufacturing system, wherein the manufacturing method of the glasses plate comprises the steps of fixing a glasses plate substrate on a workbench; preparing a wear-resistant composite material by using a wear-resistant material and a cladding layer base material; cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-cladded area of the glasses board substrate in a laser cladding mode; and polishing the cladding area on the glasses plate base body. During laser cladding, the cladding layer is rapidly heated and melted, cooled and solidified, particularly ultra-high-speed cladding, the crystal grains of the alloy are refined, the crystal grains are prevented from growing and brittle phases are separated out, and the alloy with high strength and high hardness is obtained through fine grain strengthening, so that the glasses plate has more excellent wear resistance and longer service life; in addition, the laser cladding glasses plate can directly clad an alloy layer on the glasses plate substrate, so that the cost for processing the groove is saved, and the alloy layer for filling the groove can be saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering machinery, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a glasses plate, the glasses plate and a manufacturing system.
Background
The pumping unit is a core system of the concrete pump truck and comprises a main oil cylinder, a concrete cylinder, a hopper, a distribution valve and other parts. The glasses plate and the cutting ring are used as important components of the distribution valve and are communicated with the concrete conveying cylinder, the assembled glasses plate and the cutting ring are attached to form a group of friction pairs, and the moving part S pipe is driven by the swing oil cylinder to swing from one concrete cylinder opening to the other concrete cylinder opening.
And the surface of the glasses plate and the inner wall of the material inlet and the material outlet are provided with wear-resistant alloy layers. In the prior art, as shown in fig. 1, a groove with a thickness of 6mm to 8mm is obtained by machining a wear area of a base body of an eyeglass plate, then a wear-resistant alloy block is obtained by casting, heat treatment and machining, and a plurality of alloy blocks are fixed in the groove by copper brazing; the through hole is formed by a wear-resistant layer through burning wear-resistant welding. In the manufacturing process, the wear-resistant alloy block is fixed on the friction surface of the steel base body of the glasses plate by the glasses plate through copper brazing, the alloy block and the glasses plate base body need to be heated through the copper brazing to generate deformation and residual internal stress, the wear resistance is reduced due to the fact that the hardness of the alloy block and the overlaying layer is reduced after annealing, and the service life of the glasses plate is shortened when the alloy block is welded on the glasses plate base body for use.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method, a plate and a system for manufacturing a glasses plate, which can improve the wear resistance and the service life of the plate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a spectacle plate for concrete pumping, comprising the steps of:
fixing the glasses board substrate on the workbench;
preparing a wear-resistant composite material;
cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-cladded area of the glass plate substrate in a laser cladding mode;
and (4) polishing the cladding area on the glasses plate base body.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of fixing the eyeglass plate base on the work table includes:
acquiring a current position image of the glasses board base body by adopting a visual identification system;
comparing the current position image with the standard image;
when the current position image and the standard image have deviation, acquiring deviation information and sending the deviation information to a laser control system;
and the laser control system corrects the current position of the glass plate base body according to the deviation information.
In the embodiment of the invention, the laser control system comprises a laser system and a mechanical arm, and the step of cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-clad area of the glass plate substrate in a laser cladding mode comprises the following steps:
conveying the wear-resistant composite material to the tail end of a manipulator through a powder feeding system;
and the laser system sprays the wear-resistant composite material on the manipulator to the area to be clad of the glass plate substrate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the step of cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-clad area of the eyeglass plate substrate in a laser cladding mode further comprises the following steps:
detecting the temperature of the current cladding point in real time by adopting a temperature monitoring system, and comparing the temperature of the current cladding point with a preset temperature;
and the laser system adjusts laser parameters according to the comparison result.
In the embodiment of the invention, before the step of cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-clad area of the glasses plate substrate in a laser cladding mode, the wear-resistant composite material and the glasses plate substrate are respectively preheated.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the laser cladding process, a powder collecting system is adopted to collect flying dust in the laser cladding process.
In an embodiment of the present invention, during the polishing of the cladding area, a polishing dust collection system is used to collect polishing dust generated during the polishing process.
In the embodiment of the invention, the laser power used in laser cladding is 4000W-6000W, the linear scanning speed is 500 mm/min-1500 mm/min, the lapping amount is 4.0 mm-20 mm, the cladding speed is 100 mm/s-1000 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 500 g/min-1000 g/min.
In an embodiment of the invention, the wear-resistant composite material comprises a wear-resistant material and a cladding layer matrix material, wherein the wear-resistant material is one of artificial diamond, silicon carbide, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube or tungsten carbide; the cladding layer base material is one of copper powder, cobalt powder, stainless steel powder and nickel powder, or the combination of two or more of copper powder, cobalt powder, stainless steel powder and nickel powder.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the wear-resistant composite material is a wear-resistant alloy material, and the wear-resistant alloy material at least includes nickel-tungsten alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, high-manganese alloy and wear-resistant carbon steel.
In an embodiment of the invention, the invention further provides a glasses plate, the glasses plate is prepared by the above method for manufacturing the glasses plate, the glasses plate comprises a glasses plate base body, two through holes are arranged on the glasses plate base body at intervals, and wear-resistant composite materials are cladded on the inner wall of each through hole and the nose bridge area between the two through holes.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a system for manufacturing an eyeglass plate is further provided, where the system for manufacturing an eyeglass plate is used to prepare an eyeglass plate as described above, and the system for manufacturing an eyeglass plate includes a workbench, a manipulator disposed on the workbench, and a powder feeding system used to feed a wear-resistant composite material to the manipulator, and the manipulator is provided with a laser system used to spray the wear-resistant composite material on an area to be clad of a base body of the eyeglass plate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the work table is provided with a tooling fixture for fixing the glasses board substrate, the tooling fixture comprises a bottom fixing part and a movable part positioned on one side of the bottom fixing part, the movable part is of a semicircular structure and is arranged on the edge side of the bottom fixing part, and the shape of the bottom fixing part is consistent with that of the region to be clad on the glasses board substrate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the manufacturing system of the glasses plate further comprises a dust collecting system, a polishing device and a polishing dust collecting system, wherein the polishing device is used for polishing the cladding layer of the glasses plate substrate, and the polishing dust collecting system is arranged corresponding to the polishing device and is used for collecting dust generated in the polishing process; the dust collecting system is arranged corresponding to the jet orifice of the manipulator and is used for collecting dust generated in the cladding process.
Through the technical scheme, the manufacturing method of the glasses plate and the glasses plate provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
fixing the glass plate substrate on a workbench to prepare the wear-resistant composite material; coating the prepared wear-resistant composite material on a to-be-coated area of the glasses plate substrate in a laser coating mode, then polishing the coated area on the glasses plate substrate, and finally performing performance test on the obtained glasses plate substrate; compared with the wear-resistant welding, the inner wall of the through hole of the wear plate subjected to laser cladding has more delicate microstructure and smooth macro structure, namely, the surface is smoother, concrete pumping is facilitated, pumping resistance is reduced, the shearing force and the friction force of concrete to an inner wall wear-resistant layer are greatly reduced, in addition, during laser cladding, the alloy is rapidly heated and melted and is cooled and solidified, particularly, ultra-high-speed cladding is realized, crystal grains of the alloy are refined, the crystal grains are prevented from growing up and being separated out, and the wear resistance and the service life of the wear plate are improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide an understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of manufacturing an eyeglass plate according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a mirror plate according to the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an eyeglass plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a fixing structure of the eyeglass plate and the tooling fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1 glasses plate base body 2 tool clamp
12 groove 21 bottom fixing part
11 through hole 22 movable part
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and are not restrictive thereof.
Hereinafter, an eyeglass plate and a method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a glasses plate, the method including the steps of:
s1: fixing the glasses board substrate 1 on a workbench;
wherein, the glasses plate base member 1 is divided into two types: the novel glasses plate base body 1 without the embedded wear-resistant alloy layer and the welding alloy layer and the scrapped glasses plate with the worn and lost surface alloy layer. The manufacturing method of the spectacle plate can be applied to preparing new pieces of the spectacle plate and repairing the scrapped spectacle plate, changes waste into valuable and repairs and utilizes the scrapped spectacle plate. Compared with the traditional process, the novel base body of the mirror plate, which is required by the invention, does not need to be provided with the groove 12 for embedding the wear-resistant alloy block, namely, the area to be cladded of the base body is kept flat with other areas. The scrapped glasses plate base body 1 needs to remove the damaged and cracked alloy block base body, and if the glasses plate base body is only worn, the original alloy block does not need to be removed. Degreasing and deoiling a region to be clad, and carrying out surface modification by using a surfactant to obtain the alloyClean surface and surface state with certain roughness. An alkaline degreasing agent (component: surfactant, NaOH, Na) is usually used2CO3Cosolvent or builder, etc.) to clean up the greasy dirt on the surface of the glasses plate; then, 1500# metallographic abrasive paper is adopted to polish the oxide layer on the surface of the glasses plate; and cleaning impurities on the surface by using deionized water, and blowing water by using compressed air for later use. It should be noted that the process requirement for changing the surface roughness is only to polish the oxide layer on the surface uniformly.
S2: and preparing the wear-resistant composite material.
The wear-resistant composite material comprises a wear-resistant material and a cladding layer matrix material. The tungsten carbide has excellent performances of high melting point, high strength, high hardness and high wear resistance, and can be used as a wear-resistant material; the nickel has high melting point, high hardness and good wear resistance, the polarity of the nickel is similar to that of the tungsten carbide surface, and the wettability of the nickel melt to tungsten carbide particles is good, so that the nickel is used as a base material of a cladding layer, and the tungsten carbide particle reinforced nickel-based composite material meets the performance requirements of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, strength and rigidity of the glasses plate. Therefore, the components of the surface wear-resistant alloy layer of the glasses plate are designed into a tungsten carbide/nickel composite material; in addition, the tungsten carbide has high hardness, and the tungsten carbide particle reinforced nickel-based composite material has excellent strength and wear resistance, has good corrosion resistance and is an ideal material for the wear-resistant layer of the glasses plate. Moreover, the more the number of the tungsten carbide particles close to the spherical surface of the glasses plate is, the sliding friction can be converted into rolling friction, and the friction force is greatly reduced on the basis of not reducing the sealing property of the slurry. The preparation process of the wear-resistant composite material is described by taking the wear-resistant composite material as an example as follows:
the nickel powder is high sphericity powder prepared by a vacuum atomization powder preparation method, the diameter of the powder is 50-120 um, the oxygen content is less than 0.1%, the sphericity is more than 0.95, and the purity is more than 99%.
The tungsten carbide particles are spherical particles prepared by a vacuum atomization powder preparation method, the tungsten carbide particles have the advantages of low free carbon content, uniform particle size distribution, complete crystal structure, few structural defects, high microhardness and small microscopic deformation, and the tungsten carbide particles of 75-120 um are obtained by a vibrating screen.
Then ball milling is adopted for premixing, nickel powder and tungsten carbide powder are mixed according to a certain proportion and are placed into a ball mill, and the mass ratio of steel balls to powder is 1: and 2, introducing protective gas-argon, discharging air in the ball mill, and adding 2% absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the ball milling time is 24 hours. The ball-milled and premixed raw materials are put into a drying box to remove the absolute ethyl alcohol. In other embodiments, other mixing methods such as ultrasonic vibration or mixer mixing may also be used for pre-mixing.
In the actual preparation process, the laser cladding equipment can adjust the mixture ratio of two kinds of powder in the composite material, and the mass mixture ratio range of nickel and tungsten carbide is (35% -45%)/(65% -55%). Therefore, the content of the nickel powder is properly increased, so that the use amount of the tungsten carbide particles with high price can be reduced, the bonding strength with the glasses plate matrix 1 can be improved by increasing the content of the nickel powder, and the service life of the glasses plate is prolonged.
In other embodiments, the wear-resistant composite material is a wear-resistant alloy material including at least nickel-tungsten alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, high-manganese alloy, wear-resistant carbon steel.
S3: cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-cladded area of the glass plate substrate 1 in a laser cladding mode;
s4: polishing a cladding area on the glasses plate base body 1;
according to the design requirements of the glasses plate, the laser cladding alloy layer on the surface of the glasses plate is ground and polished by a grinding machine until the requirements of size, assembly precision tolerance, flatness and surface roughness are met. The inner wall of the through hole 11 of the glasses plate does not need to be polished, and the requirements on size and surface roughness do not exist. The surface roughness of the polished cladding area is 1.6-3.2 um, the planeness is 0.02-0.08 mm, and the parallelism with the bottom surface is 0.05-1.0 mm. In other embodiments, the cladding area may be processed by surface processing techniques such as lathe, milling machine, wire cutting, and grinding. The laser cladding reduces the cost of materials on the basis of ensuring the performance, and can meet the requirements of flatness and sealing performance through polishing.
In addition, the glasses plate for engineering application needs to meet the process requirements of mechanical property, frictional wear, corrosion resistance and the like. Therefore, the prepared glasses plate needs to be subjected to microstructure analysis, hardness test, frictional wear performance test and corrosion resistance test of interface combination so as to meet the requirements of engineering use, and the performance analysis result of the glasses plate prepared by the method is as follows:
first, through metallographic microscopic analysis of the glasses plate cladding area interface
The pattern was cut from the eyeglass plate using wire cutting with the interface section as the viewing surface. After polishing, metallographic analysis shows that the cladding layer is well combined with the substrate and is smooth, a microstructure formed by mutual fusion and permeation of the substrate and the cladding layer is not found, and the cladding layer has no defects such as pores, cracks, unmelted and the like.
Second, hardness test
The wear resistance of the eyeglass plate was analyzed by measuring the hardness of the surface of the eyeglass plate as shown in table 1 below. The hardness of the reinforcement of the glasses plate prepared by laser cladding is far greater than the design requirement of the old glasses plate, and the hardness of the cladding matrix is slightly less than that of the wear-resistant alloy layer of the old glasses plate.
TABLE 1 hardness of the spectacle plates
Third, frictional wear performance
The friction wear coefficient and the wear loss of the spectacle plate are measured by a UMT-3(Uivers micro-tribometer-3) friction tester. The friction coefficient was measured by the strain of the friction wear tester by the reciprocating motion of the friction wear tester, and the amount of wear per unit time was measured by a balance.
TABLE 2 frictional wear Performance of spectacle plates
Fourthly, testing the corrosion resistance
And (4) carrying out an acid salt spray corrosion test for 100h according to the GB/T10125-2012 standard, wherein the surfaces of the cladding layer and the electroplated layer are not rusted.
According to the conclusion, the nickel-tungsten carbide mixed powder is cladded on the glasses plate base body 1 in a laser cladding mode, a layer of tungsten carbide particle reinforced nickel-based composite material with excellent wear resistance is formed on the surface of the glasses plate, and then the glasses plate is machined to meet the requirements of size and roughness through polishing. Compared with the welding of wear resistance, the inner wall of the through hole 11 of the laser cladding glasses plate has more delicate microstructure and smooth macro structure, namely, the surface is smoother, the concrete pumping is facilitated, the pumping resistance is reduced, and the shearing force and the friction force of the concrete to the inner wall wear-resistant layer are greatly reduced. When laser cladding is carried out, local heating, deformation and residual stress are far smaller than those of a copper brazing process, the stress relief annealing temperature is low, and the influence on the surface hardness of the material is small. And during laser cladding, the wear-resistant alloy layer is rapidly heated to be melted and cooled to be solidified, and particularly, ultra-high-speed cladding is carried out, so that the grains of the wear-resistant alloy layer are refined, the grains are prevented from growing and brittle phases are prevented from being separated out, and the alloy with high strength and high hardness is obtained. Compared with the inlaid alloy layer in the prior art in fig. 2, the wear resistance is more excellent, namely the service life is longer. In addition, the wear-resistant alloy layer can be directly clad on the glasses plate substrate 1 through laser cladding, so that the cost for processing the groove 12 is saved, and the alloy layer for filling the groove 12 can be saved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the step of fixing the eyeglasses board base 1 on the workbench includes:
s11: acquiring a current position image of the glass plate base body 1 by adopting a visual identification system;
s12: comparing the current position image with the standard image;
s13: when the current position image and the standard image have deviation, acquiring deviation information and sending the deviation information to a laser control system;
s14: and the laser control system corrects the current position of the glass plate base body 1 according to the deviation information.
The three-dimensional model of the glasses plate is designed by Solidworks, and cut by Cura software, and the information of each layer to be clad is transmitted to the manipulator control software in the laser control system. And the visual positioning system scans the glasses plate fixed on the workbench, identifies the model of the glasses plate, selects a corresponding cladding program, analyzes the deviation of each axis through positioning, and feeds back the deviation to a mechanical arm in the laser control system for correction. Specifically, the vision recognition system adopts 4 vision cameras to shoot, recognize and position to the picture of shooing when the glasses board is fixed in the workstation center is standard photo, and 4 cameras divide into and are located the four corners, highly fixed. After the glasses plate enters the workbench, 4 cameras respectively shoot 4 photos from four corners, the size and the model of the glasses plate are identified by comparing the photos with standard photos through computer software, the photos are fed back to the control system, and relevant running programs are selected. And (4) confirming the positioning deviation of the glasses plate in the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis through photo comparison, and feeding back to the manipulator for correction. According to the invention, the four vision cameras are used for photographing, so that the model identification and the positioning size correction of the glasses plate are realized, the program of the corresponding model is automatically selected, and the initial position deviation caused by factors such as a clamp and the glasses plate is eliminated.
In addition, as shown in fig. 4, the glasses plate base body 1 is fixed on the workbench through a tooling fixture 2, the tooling fixture 2 is used for fixing parts to be clad, and a heating system is arranged at the bottom of the workbench for preheating before cladding materials. The tooling clamp 2 comprises a bottom fixing part 21 and a movable part 22 located on one side of the bottom fixing part 21, the movable part 22 is arranged on the edge side of the bottom fixing part 21, the shape of the bottom fixing part 21 is consistent with that of an area to be clad on the glasses plate base body 1, and the movable part 22 is a semicircular movable module, so that the tooling clamp 2 can adapt to glasses plates of various sizes.
In the embodiment of the invention, the laser control system comprises a laser system and a manipulator which are both laser control systems in the prior art, wherein the manipulator is a 7-axis manipulator with a guide rail, the manipulator is controlled by software to move according to a designed three-dimensional diagram, so that precise cladding forming is realized, and a laser cladding head, a powder feeding system port, protective gas and a focusing device are all assembled at the tail end of the manipulator. The laser system is divided into a high-power laser generator, an optical fiber transmission module, a laser cladding head and a laser cooling module, wherein the laser cladding head comprises an optical fiber interface, a collimation unit, a connecting flange, a focusing unit, a protective mirror unit, an air curtain unit, a paraxial protective air nozzle and the like. The step of cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-cladded area of the glasses plate substrate 1 in a laser cladding mode comprises the following steps:
s31: conveying the wear-resistant composite material to the tail end of a manipulator through a powder feeding system;
and the cladding powder is ball-milled and mixed according to a set mass ratio and then is stored in a powder box. The powder feeding system takes nitrogen as a medium, and the powder is fed to the end of the mechanical arm through the powder conveying pipe and sprayed to the area to be clad of the glasses plate. In the powder feeding process, parameters such as the flow rate, the speed and the like of the powder feeding are controlled by a control valve. The powder nozzle on the manipulator is annular and is embedded at the tail end of the arm of the manipulator, the laser is used as the center, and the sprayed powder forms a convergent conical powder column and is focused on a cladding area.
The flow rate of the powder feeding is controlled by the rotating speed of the powder disc, the flow rate of the gas is in direct proportion to the rotating speed of the powder disc, and the larger the flow rate is, the larger the rotating speed is, and the larger the flow rate of the powder feeding is. The gas flow is usually 1L/min-10L/min, and the rotating speed of the rotating disc is 50r/min-100 r/min.
It should be noted that the powder feeder is a device for transporting fine powder particles to a specified position by carrying gas, the flow rate of the gas directly determines the amount of the transported powder, and the gas flow control valve is used for adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the gas. The larger the airflow rate is, the higher the rotation speed of the powder tray is, and the more powder is sent out.
S32: the laser system sprays the wear-resistant composite material on the manipulator to the area to be clad of the glasses plate base body 1.
Taking the spectacle plate as an example, the wear-resistant alloy layer from the through hole 11 is clad firstly, and then the alloy layer on the surface of the spectacle plate is clad. The method comprises the steps of horizontally placing and fixing a glasses plate on a workbench, preheating a glasses plate base body 1 to 300-450 ℃, carrying out laser cladding by taking the central point of the inner wall of a through hole 11 as a starting point, rotating a manipulator along the through hole 11 under the operation of 3D control software, spraying nickel-tungsten carbide powder to a cladding point by a powder nozzle on the manipulator through high-speed nitrogen gas flow, rapidly melting the nickel-tungsten carbide powder under the action of high-power laser, cladding layer by layer along with the movement of the manipulator according to a track, forming a 3mm circular alloy layer in the through hole 11, and repeatedly preheating 4 times in the whole cladding process.
And (3) preheating the glasses plate again, cladding a tungsten carbide/nickel wear-resistant alloy layer on the surface of the glasses plate by the same method, and naturally cooling the glasses plate after cladding is finished to obtain the glasses plate cladded with the wear-resistant composite material layer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the step of cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-clad area of the glasses plate substrate 1 by laser cladding further includes:
s33: detecting the temperature of the current cladding point in real time by adopting a temperature monitoring system, and comparing the temperature of the current cladding point with a preset temperature;
s34: and the laser system adjusts laser parameters according to the comparison result.
The temperature monitoring system is an infrared thermometer, the temperature of a cladding point in a cladding area is measured in real time by the infrared thermometer, compared with the temperature corresponding to standard cladding, and fed back to the laser system, and then the laser system controls the parameters of laser in real time according to the comparison result so as to ensure the normal operation of the cladding process.
In the embodiment of the invention, before laser cladding, the wear-resistant composite material and the glasses plate matrix 1 are respectively preheated, so that the stress generated by temperature difference in the laser cladding process can be eliminated.
Wherein, the wear-resisting combined material preheats: preheating the powder by a heating device of a powder feeding system, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant in the whole preparation process until the preparation is finished;
preheating a glasses plate: the glasses plate fixed on the worktable is preheated to 300-450 ℃ by a heating device of the worktable, and the glasses plate is preheated once every 15min in the cladding process.
In the embodiment of the invention, the powder collecting system is arranged corresponding to the jet orifice of the manipulator, and is used for collecting dust flying in the laser cladding process. The cladding process is carried out in a sealed room, negative pressure is formed through a powder collecting system, and flying and floating small powder is collected. The workbench is provided with a powder receiving disc to collect powder which is not melted and falls, and a cyclone cylinder in the powder collecting system collects flying powder to collect flying dust and realize recycling, so that the cost is saved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the grinding dust collecting system is arranged corresponding to the grinding device, so that the grinding dust collecting system is adopted to collect the grinding dust generated in the grinding process in the process of grinding the cladding area. Because the dust after polishing contains impurity or is destroyed, consequently can't continue to utilize again usually, be provided with the recovery box in the bottom of workstation, the dust of polishing that collects through the dust collection system of polishing can be retrieved in the recovery box to prevent dust pollution environment.
The invention separates the powder collecting system from the grinding dust collecting system, thereby realizing dust control, recovering powder and improving the utilization rate of materials.
In the embodiment of the invention, the laser power used in laser cladding is 4000W-6000W, the linear scanning speed is 500 mm/min-1500 mm/min, the lapping amount is 4.0 mm-20 mm, the cladding speed is 100 mm/s-1000 mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 500 g/min-1000 g/min.
In an embodiment of the invention, the wear resistant material is one of synthetic diamond, silicon carbide, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube or tungsten carbide; the base material of the cladding layer is one of copper powder, cobalt powder, stainless steel powder and nickel powder, or the combination of two or more of copper powder, cobalt powder, stainless steel powder and nickel powder.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a glasses plate is further provided, which is prepared by the above method for manufacturing a glasses plate, as shown in fig. 3, the glasses plate includes a glasses plate base 1, two through holes 11 are spaced apart on the glasses plate base 1, and wear-resistant composite materials are cladded on the inner wall of the through hole 11 and the nose bridge region between the two through holes 11. Compared with the wear-resistant welding, the inner wall of the through hole 11 of the wear-resistant plate prepared by laser cladding has a more delicate microstructure and a smooth macro-structure, namely, the surface is smoother, the concrete pumping is facilitated, the pumping resistance is reduced, and the shearing force and the friction force of the concrete on the inner wall wear-resistant layer are greatly reduced.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method for manufacturing a spectacle plate, comprising the steps of:
fixing the glasses board base body (1) on a workbench;
preparing a wear-resistant composite material;
cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the to-be-clad area of the glasses board base body (1) in a laser cladding mode;
and polishing the cladding area on the glasses board substrate (1).
2. The method for manufacturing an eyeglass plate according to claim 1, wherein the step of fixing the eyeglass plate base (1) to the table comprises:
acquiring a current position image of the glasses plate base body (1) by adopting a visual recognition system;
comparing the current position image with a standard image;
when the current position image and the standard image have deviation, acquiring deviation information and sending the deviation information to a laser control system;
and the laser control system corrects the current position of the glasses board base body (1) according to the deviation information.
3. The method for manufacturing the wear-resistant composite material of claim 2, wherein the laser control system comprises a laser system and a robot, and the step of cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the area to be clad of the wear-resistant composite material of the wear-resistant plate base (1) of the wear-resistant composite material of the wear-resistant plate comprises:
conveying the wear-resistant composite material to the tail end of the mechanical arm through a powder feeding system;
the laser system sprays the wear-resistant composite material on the manipulator to the area to be clad of the glass plate substrate (1).
4. The method for manufacturing the wear-resistant composite material of claim 3, wherein the step of cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the area to be clad of the wear-resistant composite material of the wear-resistant base plate (1) by laser cladding further comprises the following steps:
detecting the temperature of the current cladding point in real time by adopting a temperature monitoring system, and comparing the temperature of the current cladding point with a preset temperature;
and the laser system adjusts laser parameters according to the comparison result.
5. The method for manufacturing the wear-resistant composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wear-resistant composite material and the wear-resistant composite material are preheated respectively before the step of cladding the wear-resistant composite material on the area to be clad of the wear-resistant composite material on the wear-resistant composite material base body (1) by laser cladding.
6. The method of manufacturing an eyeglass plate as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein dust flying during laser cladding is collected using a powder collection system during the laser cladding.
7. The method for manufacturing an eyeglass plate as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in grinding the clad area, grinding dust generated in the grinding is collected using a grinding dust collection system.
8. The method for manufacturing an eyeglass plate as set forth in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein laser power used in laser cladding is 4000W to 6000W, line scan speed is 500mm/min to 1500mm/min, lap joint amount is 4.0mm to 20mm, cladding speed is 100mm/s to 1000mm/s, and powder feed amount is 500g/min to 1000 g/min.
9. The method of manufacturing an eyeglass plate as set forth in any of claims 1 through 4, wherein the wear-resistant composite material comprises a wear-resistant material and a cladding layer base material, the wear-resistant material being one of synthetic diamond, silicon carbide, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, or tungsten carbide; the cladding layer base material is one of copper powder, cobalt powder, stainless steel powder and nickel powder, or the combination of two or more of copper powder, cobalt powder, stainless steel powder and nickel powder.
10. The method of manufacturing an eyeglass plate as set forth in any of claims 1-4, wherein the wear-resistant composite material is a wear-resistant alloy material comprising at least nickel-tungsten, nickel-chromium, high manganese, wear-resistant carbon steel.
11. A spectacle plate prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the spectacle plate comprises a spectacle plate base body (1), two through holes (11) are formed in the spectacle plate base body (1) at intervals, and wear-resistant composite materials are clad on the inner walls of the through holes (11) and the nose bridge area between the two through holes (11).
12. A system for manufacturing a spectacle plate for preparing a spectacle plate according to claim 11, comprising a worktable, a manipulator arranged on the worktable and a powder feeding system for feeding a wear-resistant composite material to the manipulator, wherein the manipulator is provided with a laser system for spraying the wear-resistant composite material on an area to be clad of a spectacle plate substrate (1).
13. The manufacturing system of the wear plate according to claim 12, wherein a tooling fixture (2) for fixing the wear plate body (1) is provided on the work table, the tooling fixture (2) comprises a bottom fixing portion (21) and a movable portion (22) located at one side of the bottom fixing portion (21), the movable portion (22) has a semicircular structure and is disposed at an edge side of the bottom fixing portion (21), and the shape of the bottom fixing portion (21) is consistent with that of an area to be clad on the wear plate body (1).
14. The system for manufacturing an eyeglass plate as defined in claim 12, further comprising a dust collection system, a grinding device for grinding the cladding layer of the eyeglass plate substrate (1), and a grinding dust collection system provided corresponding to the grinding device for collecting dust generated during grinding; the dust collecting system is arranged corresponding to the jet orifice of the manipulator and is used for collecting dust generated in the cladding process.
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