CN113584888B - 光热转换可变色织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

光热转换可变色织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113584888B
CN113584888B CN202110750940.2A CN202110750940A CN113584888B CN 113584888 B CN113584888 B CN 113584888B CN 202110750940 A CN202110750940 A CN 202110750940A CN 113584888 B CN113584888 B CN 113584888B
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柯贵珍
陈姝卉
邓文丽
李秋阳
宋子龙
靳新亚
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Wuhan Textile University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种光热转换可变色织物及其制备方法，本发明的方法包括以下步骤：1、分别制备纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线和纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱线；2、将纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线和纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱线进行合并加捻后织造或将纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线和纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱线织造得到光热转换可变色织物。本发明的织物具有光热转换功能，吸光能力强，光热转换效率高且可调节；具有变色功能，织物具有闪色效应，在低温下的变色效果也非常好；制备过程简单，采用传统上浆工艺即可制得用于功能织物的纱线；加工过程不损害纱线，且增强了纱线的物理性能；织物的规格结构可调可控；可多次循环使用，耐洗涤，循环稳定性好。

Description

光热转换可变色织物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光热转换织物的制备方法，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种光热转换可变色织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
光热转换功能纺织品作为新型的高性能纺织品，广泛用于控温节能、保暖除湿、太阳能蒸汽装置、海水淡化、废水处理等领域，其市场前景广阔，可作为传统纺织品的又一发展途径。
目前，光热转换功能和变色纺织品的制作多织物涂层法。如天津工业大学的陈佳玉等采用传统的涂层工艺，选聚氨酯涂层剂将自制的热敏变色储能材料涂覆到织物上，所得织物在外加热源条件下变色效果显著，但织物的透气和透湿性差。东华大学聂华丽的发明专利一种光热转换蓄热调温棉织物的制备方法(申请号：CN201910397343.9)，其光热转换蓄热调温棉织物的温度，在红外光源照射下,由32.5℃升至65℃所需的时间为200～250s,移除红外光源后,光热转换蓄热调温棉织物的温度由65℃降至35℃所需的时间为250～280s。但这些制备技术并不完善，变色类织物需在较大温差环境才会有明显的变色效果，而热转换类织物的光热转换效率不高。织物功能的循环性、织物的透气性和手感及耐洗涤性能差，制备方法较为复杂，可使用环境小，很难大规模运用、生产。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对以上不足，提供一种光热转换可变色织物及其制备方法。
光热转换可变色织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将碳化锆和温敏染料分别加入到两份聚氨酯的二甲基甲酰胺溶液内，搅拌均匀，然后超声震荡，分别制成DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液和DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液；
步骤2、将纱线通过装有DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液的浆槽和浆纱机的烘筒，制得纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线；将纱线通过装有DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液的浆槽和浆纱机的烘筒，制得纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱线；
步骤3、将纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线和纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱进行并合并加捻，得到纱线/PU/ZrC/纱线/PU/温敏染料捻线，利用纱线/PU/ZrC/纱线/PU/温敏染料捻线织造制得光热转换可变色织物；或将纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线和纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱进行交织，制得光热转换可变色织物。
进一步的，所述DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液中的聚氨酯质量分数为3％-10％，碳化锆的质量分数为1％-8％；所述DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液中，聚氨酯质量分数为3％-10％，温敏染料的质量分数为0.5-2.5％。
进一步的，所述步骤1中，搅拌均匀和超声波震荡为常温下进行。
进一步的，纱线通过浆槽的速度为1m/min-50m/min，烘筒温度为30-60℃。
进一步的，所述纱线为棉纱线和涤纶纱线中的任意一种。
进一步的，纱线的线密度为15-40tex。
进一步的，所述温敏染料的变色温度范围为20-80℃。
进一步的，纱线合并加捻的捻系数设定为250-320。
进一步的，所述织物为机织物或针织物中的任意一种。
光热转换可变色织物，由上述制备方法制成。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明所述的光热转换可变色织物由普通纱线上浆后织造得到，浆料为DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液和DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液，其中ZrC作为光热转换材料、温敏染料为变色材料，PU作为ZrC和温敏染料的保护材料、DMF为溶质PU的溶剂。PU溶液使ZrC和温敏染料的悬浮充分、均匀，纱线的光热转换效率好，与此同时，增强纱线强力、弹力等物理性能，增加织物的耐久性。本发明织物具有以下优点：1)具有光热转换功能，吸光能力强，光热转换效率高且可调节；2)具有变色功能，织物具有闪色效应，由于织物具有光热转换功能，在温度较低的环境下的变色效果也非常好；3)制备过程简单，采用传统上浆工艺即可制得用于功能织物的纱线；4)加工过程不损害纱线，且增强了纱线的物理性能；5)织物的规格结构可调可控；6)可多次循环使用，耐洗涤，循环稳定性好。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例一
1)将PU放入DMF溶剂中，加热并搅拌，制成PU质量分数为5％的DMF-PU溶液。
2)在上述DMF-PU溶液中，加入之前称取的ZrC，电磁搅拌均匀并超声波震荡，得到ZrC质量分数为5％的DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液。
3)在上述DMF-PU溶液中，加入之前称取的变色温度为50℃红色温敏染料，电磁搅拌均匀并超声波震荡，得到温敏染料质量分数为1％的DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液。
4)设置GA391型单纱浆机参数，如表1所示，将DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液作为浆料放入浆槽中，将棉纱(20tex)顺次通过DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液，随后通过烘箱干燥后制得黑色的棉/5％PU/5％ZrC复合纱线。
5)设置GA391型单纱浆机参数，如表1所示，将DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液作为浆料放入浆槽中，将棉纱(20tex)顺次通过DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液，随后通过烘箱干燥后制得棉/5％PU/1％温敏染料复合纱线。
6)将上述棉/PU/ZrC复合纱线和棉/PU/温敏染料复合纱在并捻联合机上进行并合加捻，捻系数设定为280，得到棉/PU/ZrC/棉/PU/温敏染料捻线。
7)将棉/PU/ZrC/棉/PU/温敏染料捻线采用针织横机织造得到复合针织物，具体针织物参数为：双罗纹组织，横密35/5cm；纵密32/5cm。
表1 GA391型单纱浆机
Figure BDA0003146237450000041
按实施例一的方法制得的复合织物，在红外灯光照5min的情况下，表面温度从室温升至70.5℃，光照1min后纱线开始变色，光照1.2min后停止变色，织物出现闪色效应，水洗色牢度为4级，织物经过20次洗涤之后的色差变化值为1.1，红外吸收效率为90.5％。
实施例二
1)将PU放入DMF溶剂中，加热并搅拌，制成PU质量分数为6％的DMF-PU溶液。
2)在上述DMF-PU溶液中，加入之前称取的ZrC，电磁搅拌均匀并超声波震荡，得到ZrC质量分数为7％的DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液。
3)在上述DMF-PU溶液中，加入之前称取的变色温度为60℃的黄色温敏染料，电磁搅拌均匀并超声波震荡，得到温敏染料质量分数为1.5％的DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液。
4)设置GA391型单纱浆机参数，如表2所示，将DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液作为浆料放入浆槽中，将棉纱线(30S/2)顺次通过DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液，随后通过烘箱干燥后得到黑色的棉/6％PU/7％ZrC复合纱线。
5)设置GA391型单纱浆机参数，如表2所示，将DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液作为浆料放入浆槽中，将涤纶纱线(30S/2)顺次通过DMF-PU-黄色温敏染料悬浊液，随后通过烘箱干燥后制得涤纶/6％PU/1％温敏染料复合纱线。
6)将上述涤纶/PU/温敏染料复合纱线作为经纱，黑色的棉/PU/ZrC复合纱线作为纬纱在织机上制得平纹交织物，织物密度为，经密250/10cm，纬密170/10cm。
表2 GA391型单纱浆机
Figure BDA0003146237450000051
按实施例二的方法制得的复合织物，在红外灯光照5min的情况下，表面温度从室温升至72.3℃，光照1.5min后纱线开始变色，光照1.65min后停止变色，织物出现闪色效应，水洗色牢度为4级，织物经过20次洗涤之后的色差变化值为1.2，红外吸收效率为91.3％。
实施例三
1)将PU放入DMF溶剂中，加热并搅拌，制成PU质量分数为7％的DMF-PU溶液。
2)在上述DMF-PU溶液中，加入之前称取的ZrC，电磁搅拌均匀并超声波震荡，得到ZrC质量分数为4％的DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液。
3)在上述DMF-PU溶液中，加入之前称取的变色温度为65℃的橙色温敏染料，电磁搅拌均匀并超声波震荡，得到温敏染料质量分数为2％的DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液。
4)设置GA391型单纱浆机参数，如表3所示，将DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液作为浆料放入浆槽中，将涤纶纱(20tex)顺次通过DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液，随后通过烘箱干燥后制得黑色的涤纶/7％PU/4％ZrC复合纱线。
5)设置GA391型单纱浆机参数，如表3所示，将DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液作为浆料放入浆槽中，将涤纶纱(20tex)顺次通过DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液，随后通过烘箱干燥后制得涤纶/7％PU/2％温敏染料复合纱线。
6)将上述涤纶/PU/ZrC复合纱线和涤纶/PU/温敏染料复合纱在并捻联合机上进行并合加捻，捻度系数设定为300，得到涤纶/PU/ZrC/涤纶/PU/温敏染料捻线。
7)将涤纶/PU/ZrC/涤纶/PU/温敏染料捻线作为经纱和纬纱在织机上制得经密为245/10cm，纬密为165/10cm的平纹织物。
表3 GA391型单纱浆机
Figure BDA0003146237450000061
按实施例三的方法制得的平纹织物，在红外灯光照5min的情况下，表面温度从室温升至75.5℃，光照2min纱线开始变色，光照2.2min后停止变色，织物出现闪色效应，水洗色牢度为4.5级，织物经过20次洗涤之后的色差变化值为0.9，红外吸收效率为92.5％。
以上所述为本发明最佳实施方式的举例，其中未详细述及的部分均为本领域普通技术人员的公知常识。本发明的保护范围以权利要求的内容为准。

Claims (10)

1.光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将碳化锆和温敏染料分别加入到两份聚氨酯的二甲基甲酰胺溶液内，搅拌均匀，然后超声震荡，分别制成DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液和DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液；
步骤2、将纱线通过装有DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液的浆槽和浆纱机的烘筒，制得纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线；将纱线通过装有DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液的浆槽和浆纱机的烘筒，制得纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱线；
步骤3、将纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线和纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱进行并合并加捻，得到纱线/PU/ZrC/纱线/PU/温敏染料捻线，利用纱线/PU/ZrC/纱线/PU/温敏染料捻线织造制得光热转换可变色织物；或将纱线/PU/ZrC复合纱线和纱线/PU/温敏染料复合纱进行交织，制得光热转换可变色织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，所述DMF-PU-ZrC悬浊液中的聚氨酯的质量分数为3％-10％，碳化锆的质量分数为1％-8％；所述DMF-PU-温敏染料悬浊液中，聚氨酯的质量分数为3％-10％，温敏染料的质量分数为0.5-2.5％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中，搅拌均匀和超声波震荡为常温下进行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，纱线通过浆槽的速度为1m/min-50m/min，烘筒温度为30-60℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，所述纱线为棉纱线和涤纶纱线中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，纱线的线密度为15-40tex。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，所述温敏染料的变色温度范围为20-80℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，纱线合并加捻的捻系数设定为250-320。
9.根据权利要求1所述的光热转换可变色织物制备方法，其特征在于，所述织物为机织物或针织物中的任意一种。
10.光热转换可变色织物，其特征在于，由上述权利要求1-9中任一项所述的制备方法制成。
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