CN113575943A - Method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit - Google Patents

Method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit Download PDF

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CN113575943A
CN113575943A CN202110714733.1A CN202110714733A CN113575943A CN 113575943 A CN113575943 A CN 113575943A CN 202110714733 A CN202110714733 A CN 202110714733A CN 113575943 A CN113575943 A CN 113575943A
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passion fruit
extraction
active ingredients
ultrasonic treatment
extracting
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CN113575943B (en
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刘常青
宋力飞
盛周煌
刘乡乡
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Guangzhou Zeli Pharmtech Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/09—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, purée, sauce, or products made therefrom, e.g. snacks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
    • A23L5/32—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using phonon wave energy, e.g. sound or ultrasonic waves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: putting the washed passion fruit into a high-efficiency turbine type crusher with a 0.8-1.2mm screen, adding 2-3 times of extraction water for wet crushing to obtain fine passion fruit pulp; (2) ultrasonic treatment: (3) extraction: transferring the ultrasonic treatment mixed solution obtained in the step (2) to an emulsification extraction device for emulsification extraction at the extraction temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a passion fruit extracting solution; (4) separation and refining: centrifuging and microfiltering the passion fruit extracting solution obtained in the step (2) to obtain a microfiltered clear solution; (5) reverse osmosis concentration; to obtain the passion fruit extract. The extraction method of lycopene and related active ingredients in passion fruit disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the whole process temperature is controlled within 30 ℃, the natural active ingredients in the passion fruit are efficiently reserved, and the effective utilization rate of the natural active ingredients is improved.

Description

Method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant fruit extraction, in particular to a method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit.
Background
Passion fruit, also known as passion flower, brazil fruit, and passion fruit, is a generic term for the fruit of perennial woody vine plants of the passion family (Passiflor aceae). Passion fruit is a tropical fruit of native south America, and is named because the fruit juice has the fragrance of flat peach, pomegranate, pineapple, mango, banana and other fruits. The passion fruit has strong fragrance and unique flavor, and contains bioactive substances such as flavonoids and saccharides and beneficial substances for human bodies such as vitamin C, lycopene and procyanidine, so that the passion fruit has high medicinal value and nutritional value. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research on the medical health care function of passion fruit, the passion fruit has the functions of antianxiety, antifatigue, antioxidant activity, neuroprotection and the like, provides a source for the development of health care medicines, is commonly used for treating insomnia, depression, nervous tension and the like, and also has the physiological functions of reducing blood fat, reducing blood pressure, inhibiting tumors and the like, and can be used for daily health care. Lycopene in passion fruit is the strongest antioxidant found in nature at present, has the antioxidant capacity more than 2 times stronger than that of beta-carotene and 100 times stronger than that of vitamin E, and also has the functions of eliminating free radicals of human bodies and delaying senescence, so the passion fruit also has the reputation of 'plant gold'. The lycopene can effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases, has a delaying effect on atherosclerosis, and can improve the immunity of a human body. Meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine composition has a certain treatment effect on various cancers. Lycopene is regarded as a type A nutrient due to the extremely high medicinal value thereof, and is a functional food additive which integrates double effects of nutrition and coloring and is recognized in the world.
With the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of health care consciousness of people, the development of high-efficiency natural functional food is the development direction of the food industry in the future. At present, in the aspect of the development of passion fruit products, the fine processing is less, the juice is mostly only processed simply, in the processing process, the heat treatment has great influence on the passion fruit juice, the nutritional components and the aroma components are easy to lose, the juice is easy to brown, and the effective utilization rate is low. The research of the passion fruit extraction method is limited to a single component, other functional components are ignored, and due to the existence of the effective substances, the passion fruit extraction method has multiple health care functions and great product development value.
Therefore, the development of a preparation method of the passion fruit extract, which is short in time consumption, high in extraction efficiency and rich in functional components such as flavone, total sugar and vitamin C, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit, aiming at extracting various effective substances of the passion fruit and greatly reserving the nutritional components and aroma components of the passion fruit.
Based on the above purpose, the invention provides a method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: putting the washed passion fruit into a high-efficiency turbine type crusher with a 0.8-1.2mm screen, adding 2-3 times of extraction water for wet crushing to obtain fine passion fruit pulp;
(2) ultrasonic treatment: transferring the passion fruit fine crushed slurry obtained in the step (1) to ultrasonic treatment equipment for ultrasonic treatment, controlling the frequency to be 20-30KHz, the power to be 150-;
(3) extraction: transferring the ultrasonic treatment mixed solution obtained in the step (2) to an emulsification extraction device for emulsification extraction at the extraction temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a passion fruit extracting solution;
(4) separation and refining: centrifuging and microfiltering the passion fruit extracting solution obtained in the step (2) to obtain a microfiltered clear solution;
(5) reverse osmosis concentration; to obtain the passion fruit extract.
The water adding amount in the step (2) is 3-5 times of the feeding amount of the fine crushed slurry.
The circulation pressure of the emulsification extraction equipment is 0.31-0.33MPa, and the extraction rate is 55-65L/min.
The rotation speed of the centrifugation in the step (4) is 1500-.
In the step (4), microfiltration is carried out by adopting a 300-plus 600 nm-pore ceramic membrane filter, the microfiltration temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃, the microfiltration pressure is 0.15-0.18MPa, and the filtration speed of the microfiltration clear liquid is as follows: 1.15-1.5L/min.
The temperature of reverse osmosis concentration in the step (5) is less than or equal to 25 ℃, and the concentration pressure is 0.8-1.3 MPa.
And (3) adding calcium carbonate into the ultrasonic treatment equipment to mix with the fine crushed slurry, wherein the addition amount of the calcium carbonate is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the fine crushed slurry. By adding calcium carbonate, the passion fruit acid reducing agent plays a certain role in reducing acid, and is combined with ultrasonic treatment, so that the subsequent emulsification extraction operation of emulsification extraction equipment is facilitated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the extraction method of lycopene and related active ingredients in passion fruit disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the whole process temperature is controlled within 30 ℃, the natural active ingredients in the passion fruit are efficiently reserved, and the effective utilization rate of the natural active ingredients is improved. The preparation process adopts the combined process of ultrasonic treatment, low-temperature emulsification extraction, separation and refining and reverse osmosis concentration, can enrich various effective components in the passion fruit, realizes the high-efficiency utilization of functional components, and lays a foundation for the development of high-efficiency natural functional food. In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention only uses pure water as an extraction refining solvent in the whole process, and is safe and nontoxic.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the measurement of total flavonoids in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of total sugar determination for example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of procyanidin determination of example 4 of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of lycopene assay of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a chromatogram for vitamin C determination in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the fingerprint spectra of the passion fruit extract and the log of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of fingerprint spectra of passion fruit emulsification extraction and squeezing processes of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments below.
It is to be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should have the ordinary meanings as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise defined.
Example 1
Cleaning a passion fruit raw material, coarsely crushing the passion fruit raw material into small pieces by using a crusher, then performing wet crushing (crushing by using a high-efficiency turbine crusher) on a 1.2mm screen by using purified water in an equal amount, obtaining passion fruit fine crushed pulp, supplementing 5 times of purified water to the passion fruit fine crushed pulp, uniformly stirring, and performing low-temperature instantaneous extraction by using an emulsification extraction device, wherein the circulating pressure is 0.25MPa, the temperature is 26 ℃, and the extraction times are 1 time; collecting extractive solution, centrifuging at 6000r/min, adding 5 times of water into the residue, stirring, collecting the stirred solution, centrifuging at 7000r/min, and mixing the centrifugates; concentrating the centrifugate by reverse osmosis (reverse osmosis concentration temperature is 20 deg.C, and concentration pressure is 1MPa) to obtain Passiflora edulis extract (liquid).
Example 2
Cleaning a passion fruit raw material, coarsely crushing the passion fruit raw material into small pieces by using a crusher, performing wet crushing (crushing by using a high-efficiency turbine crusher) by using 2 times of purified water through a 1.2mm screen to obtain fine crushed pulp, transferring the fine crushed pulp of the passion fruit into ultrasonic treatment equipment for ultrasonic treatment, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 15min at the frequency of 25KHz, the power of 250W and the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain an ultrasonic treatment mixed solution; adding purified water 5 times of the amount of the mixed solution, stirring, mixing, and performing low temperature instantaneous extraction with emulsion extraction equipment under circulation pressure of 0.32MPa and temperature of 25 deg.C at extraction rate of 60%L/min, the extraction times is 1 time; collecting extractive solution, centrifuging at 8000r/min, adding 3 times of water into the residue, stirring, collecting the stirred solution, centrifuging at 9000r/min, and mixing the centrifugates; subjecting the centrifugate to 500nm ceramic membrane microfiltration (temperature for microfiltration is 15.)
Figure BDA0003134420530000041
The microfiltration pressure is 0.16MPa, and the filtration rate of the microfiltration clear liquid is as follows: 1.3L/min) to obtain clear filtrate; and (4) performing reverse osmosis concentration on the clear filtrate (the temperature of the reverse osmosis concentration is 25 ℃, and the concentration pressure is 1MPa) to obtain the passion fruit extract (liquid).
Example 3
Cleaning a passion fruit raw material, coarsely crushing the passion fruit raw material into small pieces by using a crusher, performing wet crushing (crushing by using a high-efficiency turbine crusher) by using 2 times of purified water through a 1.0mm screen to obtain fine crushed pulp, transferring the fine crushed pulp of the passion fruit into ultrasonic treatment equipment for ultrasonic treatment, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 15min at the frequency of 30KHz, the power of 200W and the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain an ultrasonic treatment mixed solution; adding 4 times of purified water into the mixed solution, stirring, mixing, and performing low-temperature instantaneous extraction with emulsion extraction equipment under circulation pressure of 0.33MPa and temperature of 20 deg.C at extraction rate of 60L/min for 1 time; collecting extractive solution, centrifuging at rotation speed of 10000r/min, adding 3 times of water into the residue, stirring, collecting the stirred solution, centrifuging at rotation speed of 12000r/min, and mixing the centrifugates; subjecting the centrifugate to 400nm ceramic membrane microfiltration (temperature for microfiltration is 15.)
Figure BDA0003134420530000051
The microfiltration pressure is 0.15MPa, and the filtration rate of the microfiltration clear liquid is as follows: 1.5L/min) to obtain clear filtrate; and (4) performing reverse osmosis concentration on the clear filtrate (the temperature of the reverse osmosis concentration is 25 ℃, and the concentration pressure is 1.2MPa) to obtain the passion fruit extract (liquid).
Example 4
Cleaning passion fruit raw materials, coarsely crushing into small pieces by using a crusher, performing wet crushing (crushing by using a high-efficiency turbine type crusher) by using 2 times of purified water through a 1.2mm screen to obtain fine crushed pulp, transferring the fine crushed pulp of the passion fruit into ultrasonic treatment equipment, and addingMixing calcium carbonate and the fine crushed slurry, wherein the addition amount of the calcium carbonate is 0.2 percent of the weight of the fine crushed slurry, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and controlling the frequency to be 25KHz, the power to be 250W and the temperature to be 30 ℃ for 15min to obtain ultrasonic treatment mixed liquid; adding purified water 5 times of the amount of the mixed solution, stirring, mixing, and performing low-temperature instantaneous extraction with emulsion extraction equipment under circulation pressure of 0.32MPa, at 25 deg.C, at extraction rate of 60L/min for 1 time; collecting extractive solution, centrifuging at 8000r/min, adding 3 times of water into the residue, stirring, collecting the stirred solution, centrifuging at 9000r/min, and mixing the centrifugates; subjecting the centrifugate to 500nm ceramic membrane microfiltration (temperature for microfiltration is 15.)
Figure BDA0003134420530000052
The microfiltration pressure is 0.16MPa, and the filtration rate of the microfiltration clear liquid is as follows: 1.3L/min) to obtain clear filtrate; and (4) performing reverse osmosis concentration on the clear filtrate (the temperature of the reverse osmosis concentration is 25 ℃, and the concentration pressure is 1MPa) to obtain the passion fruit extract (liquid).
Comparative example 1
Cleaning a passion fruit raw material, coarsely crushing the passion fruit raw material into small pieces by using a crusher, crushing the small pieces by using the crusher to obtain passion fruit fine crushed materials, supplementing 5 times of purified water to the passion fruit fine crushed materials, uniformly stirring, and heating and extracting for 3 hours; collecting extractive solution, centrifuging at 6000r/min, adding 5 times of water into the residue, stirring, collecting the stirred solution, centrifuging at 7000r/min, and mixing the centrifugates; subjecting the centrifugate to 500nm ceramic membrane microfiltration (temperature for microfiltration is 15.)
Figure BDA0003134420530000061
The microfiltration pressure is 0.15MPa, and the filtration rate of the microfiltration clear liquid is as follows: 1.3L/min) to obtain clear filtrate; and (4) performing reverse osmosis concentration on the clear filtrate (the temperature of the reverse osmosis concentration is 20 ℃, and the concentration pressure is 1MPa) to obtain the passion fruit extract (liquid).
Comparative example 2
Cleaning passion fruit raw materials, coarsely crushing the raw materials into small pieces by using a crusher, crushing the small pieces by using the crusher to obtain passion fruit fine crushed materials, supplementing 5 times of 95% ethanol into the passion fruit fine crushed materials, stirring and uniformly mixing the passion fruit fine crushed materials, and performing reflux extractionTaking for 4 h; collecting extractive solution, centrifuging at 6000r/min, adding 5 times of water into the residue, stirring, collecting the stirred solution, centrifuging at 7000r/min, and mixing the centrifugates; subjecting the centrifugate to 500nm ceramic membrane microfiltration (temperature for microfiltration is 15.)
Figure BDA0003134420530000062
The microfiltration pressure is 0.15MPa, and the filtration rate of the microfiltration clear liquid is as follows: 1.5L/min) to obtain clear filtrate; and (4) performing reverse osmosis concentration on the clear filtrate (the temperature of the reverse osmosis concentration is 20 ℃, and the concentration pressure is 1MPa) to obtain the passion fruit extract (liquid).
Comparative example 3
Cleaning raw momordica grosvenori, crushing the raw momordica grosvenori into small blocks by a crusher, performing wet crushing (crushing by a high-efficiency turbine crusher) by using purified water in an equal amount through a 1.2mm screen to obtain momordica grosvenori fine crushed pulp, supplementing 5 times of purified water to the momordica grosvenori fine crushed pulp, stirring and uniformly mixing, and performing low-temperature instantaneous extraction by using emulsification extraction equipment, wherein the circulation pressure is 0.25MPa, the temperature is 26 ℃, and the extraction times are 1 time; collecting extractive solution, centrifuging at 6000r/min, adding 5 times of water into the residue, stirring, collecting the stirred solution, centrifuging at 7000r/min, and mixing the centrifugates; concentrating the centrifugate by reverse osmosis at 25 deg.C under 0.5MPa to obtain fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii extract (liquid).
Comparative example 4
Cleaning a passion fruit raw material, squeezing, collecting liquid after squeezing, and centrifuging at a rotation speed of 8000r/min to obtain a centrifugate; subjecting the centrifugate to 500nm ceramic membrane microfiltration (temperature for microfiltration is 15.)
Figure BDA0003134420530000071
The microfiltration pressure is 0.16MPa, and the filtration rate of the microfiltration clear liquid is as follows: 1.3L/min) to obtain clear filtrate; and (4) performing reverse osmosis concentration on the clear filtrate (the temperature of the reverse osmosis concentration is 25 ℃, and the concentration pressure is 1MPa) to obtain the passion fruit extract (liquid).
(1) Method for measuring total flavonoids
A. Sample preparation
Precisely weighing 2.0000g of sample in a conical flask with a plug, precisely adding 25mL of 30% ethanol, weighing, ultrasonically treating for 30min, weighing again, supplementing the lost weight with 30% ethanol, shaking up, and collecting the subsequent filtrate.
B. Preparation of Standard Curve
Accurately sucking 1.00 mL, 2.00 mL, 3.00 mL, 4.00 mL, 5.00 mL and 6.00mL of rutin standard solution, respectively placing in a 25mL brown volumetric flask, adding water to 6mL, adding 1mL of 5% sodium nitrite solution, uniformly mixing, placing for 6min, adding 1mL of 10% aluminum nitrate solution, shaking uniformly, placing for 6min, adding 10mL of 4.3% sodium hydroxide test solution, adding water to the scale, shaking uniformly, placing for 15min, measuring the absorbance value by using a spectrophotometer at 510nm wavelength with a reagent blank solution as a reference and a 1cm cuvette. And drawing a standard curve by taking the concentration of rutin as a horizontal coordinate and the absorbance value as a vertical coordinate.
C. Measurement of
Precisely measuring 1mL of a test sample solution, placing the test sample solution in a 25mL brown volumetric flask, adding water to 6mL, adding 1mL of 5% sodium nitrite solution, uniformly mixing, placing for 6min, adding 1mL of 10% aluminum nitrate solution, shaking up, placing for 6min, adding 10mL of 4.3% sodium hydroxide test solution, adding water to the scale, shaking up, placing for 15min, using a corresponding reagent as a blank, and measuring the light absorption value at the wavelength of 510 nm.
(2) Total sugar determination method
A. Sample preparation
Precisely weighing 0.5000g of sample in a 50mL triangular flask, adding 25mL of boiling water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, filtering, repeatedly washing residues with boiling distilled water, filtering, collecting filtrate in a 50mL volumetric flask, fixing the volume to the scale, and shaking up to obtain the product.
B. Preparation of Standard Curve
Accurately sucking 0, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00 and 6.00mL of D-anhydrous glucose standard solution, respectively placing the D-anhydrous glucose standard solution in a 10mL brown volumetric flask, adding water to the scale, and shaking up. Precisely absorbing 1mL of the reference solution into a test tube, adding 4mL of anthrone reagent, rapidly soaking in an ice-water bath for cooling, rapidly placing each tube in boiling water after adding, covering a tube opening, boiling for 10min, taking out, cooling to room temperature with the ice bath, measuring the absorbance value with a spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 620nm by taking a reagent blank solution as a reference and a 1cm cuvette. And drawing a standard curve by taking the concentration of the D-anhydrous glucose as an abscissa and the absorbance value as an ordinate.
C. Measurement of
Precisely measuring 1mL of a test sample solution into a test tube, adding 4mL of anthrone reagent, rapidly soaking in an ice water bath for cooling, rapidly placing each tube in boiling water after adding, covering a tube opening, boiling for 10min, taking out, cooling to room temperature with the ice bath, using the corresponding reagent as a blank, and measuring the absorbance at 510 nm.
(3) Vitamin C determination method
Vitamin C is measured by high performance liquid chromatography (GB/T5009.86-2016 first method).
(4) Method for measuring proanthocyanidins
A. Sample preparation
Precisely weighing 1.0000g of sample into a 50mL volumetric flask, adding 30mL of methanol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min, placing the volumetric flask to room temperature, adding the methanol to the scale, shaking up, centrifuging or placing the volumetric flask to be clarified, and taking the supernatant as a test solution.
B. Preparation of Standard Curve
Accurately sucking 0.10 mL, 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL, 1.5 mL, 2.0 mL and 2.5mL of procyanidin standard solution, respectively placing in a 10mL brown volumetric flask, adding methanol to the scale, and shaking up. Precisely absorbing 1mL of a reference substance solution into a test tube, adding 6mL of a hydrochloric acid-n-butanol solution and 0.2mL of an ammonium ferric sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, sealing the test tube in boiling water, heating for 40min, taking out, immediately cooling in ice water to room temperature, measuring the absorbance value by using a spectrophotometer at 546nm with a reagent blank solution as a reference and a 1cm cuvette. And drawing a standard curve by taking the concentration of the procyanidine as an abscissa and the absorbance value as an ordinate.
C. Measurement of
Precisely measuring 1mL of a test sample solution into a colorimetric tube, adding 6mL of a hydrochloric acid-n-butanol solution and 0.2mL of an ammonium ferric sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, sealing the mixture in boiling water, heating for 40min, taking out the mixture, immediately cooling the mixture in ice water to room temperature, using a corresponding reagent as a blank, and measuring a light absorption value at a wavelength of 546 nm.
(5) Lycopene determination method
A. Sample preparation
Precisely weighing 1.0000g of sample into a conical flask, adding 30mL of acetone-n-hexane 2:1 (volume ratio) mixed solution, placing in a constant-temperature shaking incubator at 35 ℃, shaking and extracting at the speed of 200r/min for 2h, and filtering to obtain the product.
B. Preparation of Standard Curve
Accurately sucking 0.26 mL, 0.52 mL, 0.78 mL, 1.04 mL and 1.30mL of lycopene standard solution, respectively placing in a 50mL brown volumetric flask, adding ethanol to the scale, and shaking up. And (3) measuring the absorbance value by using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 485nm and a 1cm cuvette by taking a reagent blank solution as a reference. And drawing a standard curve by taking the concentration of the lycopene as an abscissa and the absorbance value as an ordinate.
C. Measurement of
Precisely measuring 1mL of a test sample solution in a colorimetric tube, using a corresponding reagent as a blank, and measuring a light absorption value at a wavelength of 485 nm.
The results obtained by the measurements carried out on the various examples and comparative examples are given in the following table:
TABLE 1 extraction efficiency of effective components of Passion fruit extracts prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4
Figure BDA0003134420530000091
Figure BDA0003134420530000101
The examples 1 to 4 were subjected to physicochemical measurements for each of the comparative examples, wherein the measurement parameters of example 1 were: relative density 1.0284, refractive index 1.339, viscosity 6 mPas, pH 3.5.
The peak areas (in unit materials) of the respective components of the emulsion extractions in examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 2 below.
Figure BDA0003134420530000102
The peak areas (in units of materials) of the components after the emulsion extraction and the comparative treatment in examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 3 below.
Figure BDA0003134420530000111
According to the results, the method provided by the invention can enrich various effective components in the passion fruit, realize the high-efficiency utilization of functional components, and lay a foundation for the development of high-efficiency natural functional food. By comparing the extraction mode, example 4 is the best example, the extraction rate of each component in the extract is relatively higher, and the lycopene is more favorably kept by adding calcium carbonate. Through comparison experiment results, the comparative examples 1-2 adopt heat treatment for a long time, nutritional substances and aroma components of passion fruit are lost, the extraction rate of various effective substance components is relatively low, and the microfiltration process is omitted in the comparative example 3, so that although the yield of the effective components can be improved, the centrifugal liquid has more impurities, the material membrane is difficult to concentrate, the process consumes a large amount of time, and the obtained extract has more impurity components. The comparative examples 1 to 3 increase more time cost and labor cost, are not beneficial to the retention of the nutrient components in the passion fruit, accelerate the loss of the aroma components, seriously lose the nutrient components and the aroma components of the passion fruit and reduce the activity of the natural functional components. The comparison graph of the fingerprint of the passion fruit extract and the raw material thereof shows that the invention can fully extract and reserve the nutrient components in the passion fruit. Compared with the comparative example 4, the comparison of the passion fruit emulsification extraction and the squeezing treatment fingerprint shows that the squeezing treatment can not fully destroy plant cells, so that the nutrient components in the passion fruit can not be fully released, and the utilization rate of the effective components is low.
In conclusion, the combined process of ultrasonic treatment, low-temperature emulsification extraction, separation and refining and reverse osmosis concentration is adopted, so that various effective components in the passion fruit can be better enriched, the high-efficiency utilization of functional components is realized, and a foundation is laid for the development of high-efficiency natural functional food.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The embodiments of the invention are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: putting the washed passion fruit into a high-efficiency turbine type crusher with a 0.8-1.2mm screen, adding 2-3 times of extraction water for wet crushing to obtain fine passion fruit pulp;
(2) ultrasonic treatment: transferring the passion fruit fine crushed slurry obtained in the step (1) to ultrasonic treatment equipment for ultrasonic treatment, controlling the frequency to be 20-30KHz, the power to be 150-;
(3) extraction: transferring the ultrasonic treatment mixed solution obtained in the step (2) to an emulsification extraction device for emulsification extraction at the extraction temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a passion fruit extracting solution;
(4) separation and refining: centrifuging and microfiltering the passion fruit extracting solution obtained in the step (2) to obtain a microfiltered clear solution;
(5) reverse osmosis concentration; to obtain the passion fruit extract.
2. The method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit according to claim 1, wherein the water addition amount in the step (2) is 3-5 times of the feeding amount of the fine crushed slurry.
3. The method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit according to claim 1, wherein the circulation pressure of the emulsification extraction equipment is 0.31-0.33MPa, and the extraction rate is 55-65L/min.
4. The method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of centrifugation in the step (4) is 1500-.
5. The method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), microfiltration is performed by using a 300-and 600-nm-pore ceramic membrane filter, the microfiltration temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃, the microfiltration pressure is 0.15-0.18MPa, and the filtration speed of the microfiltration clear liquid is as follows: 1.15-1.5L/min.
6. The method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit according to claim 1, wherein reverse osmosis concentration in step (5) is performed at a temperature of 25 ℃ or less and at a concentration pressure of 0.8-1.3 MPa.
7. The method for extracting lycopene and related active ingredients from passion fruit according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of adding calcium carbonate into the ultrasonic treatment equipment and mixing the calcium carbonate with the fine crushed pulp, wherein the adding amount of calcium carbonate is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the fine crushed pulp.
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