CN113575321A - Double-furrow film-covering hill-drop cultivation technology for hybrid foxtail millet - Google Patents
Double-furrow film-covering hill-drop cultivation technology for hybrid foxtail millet Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A hybrid millet double-furrow film-covering hill-drop cultivation technology mainly comprises the following processes: (1) land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing and reserving the branches in the last year, applying 900 plus base fertilizers to 1000 kg/mu before ploughing, and applying 30-40 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; (2) the sowing period is from the middle and last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months; the seeding amount is 0.25-0.3 kg/mu; the sowing depth is 3-4 cm; selecting coated seeds, a mulching film with the width of 120cm and the thickness of 0.005 mm; (3) selecting a double-ridge-furrow film-covering hill-drop planter, sowing 2 rows on each film (ridge), and adopting 6000-plus-8000 holes/mu on each row, wherein the number of seedlings is reduced to 10000-plus-12000 plants/mu; (4) managing the field; (5) and (6) harvesting. The method solves the problem that the cultivation technology of the hybrid foxtail millet in the mountainous area of the south of Ningxia is immature and affects the yield and the quality of the hybrid foxtail millet, reduces the density among seedlings, keeps the soil moisture and improves the seedling preservation rate through the double-ridge furrow film-covering hole sowing cultivation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation methods, in particular to a double-furrow film-covering hole sowing cultivation technology for hybrid foxtail millet.
Background
The Zhang miscellaneous cereal series variety is a new hybrid cereal variety which is bred by a light (temperature) sensitive two-line method at the millet research institute of agriculture academy of sciences of Zhang family and city in Hebei province. The variety keeps the high-yield characteristic of the conventional hybrid millet, has tillering self-adjusting capacity which most millet varieties do not have, can automatically adjust tillering number according to soil moisture and nutrient conditions, is rich in rain and high in yield, is less in rain and stable in yield, and is more suitable for a high-efficiency cultivation mode of film-covered hole sowing. In the demonstration and popularization process in recent years, the variety shows excellent rice quality and stable yield, is suitable for mechanized scale planting, and has become a main promotion variety of hybrid millet.
The hybrid millet is planted in the country for more than 300 ten thousand mu at present and accounts for 40 percent of the total yield of the millet. Due to drought and rain, the mountainous areas in the south of Ningxia mainly use small coarse cereals as main materials, the planting area of the open miscellaneous cereals is gradually increased year by year in recent years, the popularization area reaches 30 ten thousand mu at present, and the total yield of the millet is 80%.
Zhang miscellaneous cereals are popularized in mountainous areas in south Ningxia, and are deeply favored by common people due to high yield, excellent quality, strong stress resistance and high price, and the planting of Zhang miscellaneous cereals is a main source of the economic income of local file-building card households. However, in the popularization process, the existing four-row film mulching cultivation mode and three-row film mulching cultivation technology are not suitable for the climatic characteristics of mountainous areas in the south of Ningxia, the number of seedlings per mu is too large (about 20000 plants per mu), the number of holes per mu is too large, namely, the number of holes per mu is over 12000 holes per mu, the filling is not full in the later growth period, the thousand-grain weight is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the hybrid rice are seriously influenced. Therefore, a film-covering hole-sowing cultivation technology which is suitable for local environment, changes the existing cultivation mode, reduces the planting density and improves the sowing quality of the hybrid foxtail millet is urgently needed to be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-furrow film-covering hole sowing cultivation technology for hybrid millet aiming at the defects of the conventional Zhang miscellaneous millet in the popularization of the cultivation technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cultivation technique for hybrid millet by double-furrow film mulching and hole sowing comprises the following specific cultivation processes:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: deeply ploughing the reserved branches of the previous year, applying 900-fold basic fertilizers to 1000 kg/mu before ploughing, and simultaneously applying 30-40 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 12: 9: 4 (high nitrogen, medium phosphorus, low potassium); 60% of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled-release fertilizer for 120 days, all fertilizers are applied once, no fertilizer is applied in the whole growth period), after the base fertilizer is finished, deep ploughing is carried out, rolling is carried out once about 7 days after deep ploughing, and after 3 days, mulching film covering and hole sowing are carried out once when soil moisture content exists in the soil;
(2) sowing period and sowing: the sowing period is 4 in the middle and last ten days of the month-5 in the last ten days of the month (the average ground temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃);
the seeding amount is 0.25-0.3 kg/mu; the sowing depth is controlled to be 3-4cm generally; selecting coated seeds, and selecting a common polyvinyl chloride mulching film with the width of 120cm and the thickness of 0.005 mm;
(3) the seeder selects a double-ridge-furrow film-covering hill-drop planter, on the basis, the duckbilled seed-metering devices are adjusted to 6, mechanical film-covering hill-drop planting is completed once, 2 rows of seeds are planted on each film (ridge), hill-drop planting is adopted on each row, the narrow row is kept at 50cm, the wide row is kept at 70cm, the hill distance is 24cm, 5-9 seeds are ensured to be planted in each hole, 6000 plus 8000 holes/mu, and the seedling number is reduced to 10000 plus 12000 plants/mu;
(4) field management: (1) thinning and final singling: filling seedlings in time when more than 25 percent of cavities in the two-leaf one-heart period are needed, and not filling seedlings when less than 25 percent of cavities are needed, leaving 10000-12000 plants/mu of seedlings, and ensuring the characteristic of thinly planting big ears; before emergence of seedlings, hardening is broken, thinning and final singling are carried out, and meanwhile, soil is removed; (2) weeding: the mixture of the sethoxydim and the 2, 4-D is sprayed at the 3-5 leaf stage, and the single and dicotyledonous weeds such as crab grass, barnyard grass, green bristlegrass, goosegrass, purslane, quinoa, amaranth and the like are treated; generally, the herbicide is sprayed on the soil before the seedlings after sowing or sprayed on the rice seedlings in the 3-5 leaf stage, the young seedling stage or the top season of the weed seedlings; (3) pest control;
(5) harvesting: the harvest can be carried out after 80% of the harvest is finished, and the harvest can be carried out by selecting a drying mode, so that the yield and the quality can be effectively improved.
Has the advantages that:
the method solves the problems that the cultivation technology of the hybrid millet in the mountainous area of the south of Ningxia is immature and the yield and the quality of the hybrid millet are influenced, reduces the density among seedlings, keeps the soil moisture, improves the seedling preservation rate and effectively solves the problems of overlarge density among seedlings, insufficient grouting, reduced seeding quality and the like in the conventional seeding technology through the double-ridge furrow film-covering hole-sowing cultivation technology.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
1. natural conditions are as follows: the altitude of the hybrid foxtail millet in the mountainous area of the southern part of Ningxia is required to be less than 1750m, the effective accumulated temperature is more than or equal to 2345 ℃, the surface gradient is less than or equal to 30 ℃, and the rainfall is more than or equal to 200 mm; the ground surface temperature reaches 10 ℃ during sowing.
2. Land preparation and fertilization: after the soil is unfrozen in 3 months, deep ploughing and deep turning between the first ten days of 4 months and the middle ten days of 4 months, fertilizing, and performing mechanical film mulching hill planting once after rainfall; the specific method comprises the following steps: applying 900-1000 kg of base fertilizer per mu before turning over the land, and simultaneously applying 30-40kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 12: 9: 4 (high nitrogen, medium phosphorus, low potassium); 60% of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled-release fertilizer for 120 days, all fertilizers are applied once, no fertilizer is applied in the whole growth period), after the base fertilizer is finished, deep ploughing is carried out, rolling is carried out once about 7 days after deep ploughing, and after 3 days, mulching film covering and hole sowing are carried out once when soil moisture content exists in the soil;
3. preparing seeds and selecting models: ensuring that the hybridization rate of the seeds is more than or equal to 34 percent, coating before sowing, and selecting the type of the sowing machine: double-furrow film-covering hill planter;
4. selection of the membrane: the width of the film is 120cm, the thickness of the film is 0.005mm, and the film is a white film of a common polyvinyl chloride mulching film.
5. Sowing: sowing in the middle and last ten days of 4 months to 5 months, finishing the sowing at the latest 10 days before 5 months, wherein the sowing amount is 0.25-0.35 kg/mu (adjusted according to rainfall, elevation and gradient);
6. density: 10000-;
7. weeding: (1) 72 percent of 2.4-D butyl ester, the dosage per mu is 25-45 g, and 25 kg of water is added for spraying; (2) 20% of methoxone water agent, the dosage per mu is 200-300 g, and 25 kg of water is added for spraying; (3) the 50% of the cloacal-grass alkene missible oil is sprayed by adding 25 kg of water to 500-700 ml per mu; (4) the mixture of the sethoxydim and the 2, 4-D is sprayed at the 3-5 leaf stage, and the mixture can be used for treating both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, such as crab grass, barnyard grass, green bristlegrass, goosegrass, purslane, quinoa and amaranth; generally, the herbicide is sprayed on soil before seedlings after sowing or sprayed at the 3-5 leaf stage of rice seedlings, the young bud stage of weed seedlings or just at the top of the seedlings, and an applicable herbicide is selected according to the condition of weeds in the field;
8. and (3) pest control: (1) disease: diseases are mainly caused by leukotrichia and blast disease. Aiming at the white disease, 70 g to 105 g of 180 to 360 times of 45 percent ambam water aqua or 35 percent metalaxyl seed treatment dry powder is mixed in each 100 kg of seeds; aiming at the blast disease, 500-800 times of diphenfos 40% missible oil, or 1000 times of 50% tetrachlorophthalide wettable powder, or 500-600 times of 2% kasugamycin wettable powder can be used for preventing the leaf blast from being sprayed in the initial stage, and the prevention of the neck blast can be sprayed for 1 time in the initial stage and the full-heading stage respectively; (2) insect pest: mainly sticking the insects, wherein 1-2 instar larvae eat the leaves to cause holes, the larvae with the age of more than 3 age harm the leaves and then present irregular incisional notches, and the leaves can be eaten during overeating, so that serious yield reduction is caused, and even the larvae are not harvested; before 3 instars of the larvae, the prevention and treatment should be mastered, preferably the pesticide is applied in the morning or at the evening, and the upper parts of the plants are sprayed in a key way; 40-80 ml/mu of 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin, 12-18 g/mu of 5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin, 80-100 g/mu of 20% of octyl-sulfur methomyl missible oil and 30-40 ml/mu of 48% of chlorpyrifos missible oil, and 40-50kg of water is added for even spraying; (3) and (3) weed damage: chemical weeding is determined according to local climate and planting mode. The common herbicide for paddy fields is 2, 4-D, 2-methyl-4-chloro, propazine, tare and bentazone; when the foliage spray is carried out in the seedling stage, 2, 4-D, 2-methyl-4-chloro and the like can be selected to prevent and control broadleaf weeds and nutgrass flatsedge; the method comprises the steps of spraying 2, 4-D33 g of wine or 27-35 g of 2-methyl-4-chloro-2 per mu of grain seedling with 4-6 leaves, and using 30-50L of medicament diluent; when the weeds are large in quantity, spraying needs to be carried out for 2 times, when the weeds are 3-4 leaves at one time, the dosage is 15-18 g per mu, and the weeds are sprayed for 2 times every 7-10 days, and the dosage is 25-35 g. Spraying on a sunny day without dew at the temperature of 20 ℃;
9. harvesting: harvesting after 80% of ripeness, harvesting in a drying mode, and threshing after drying in the air, so that loss is reduced, and yield is increased.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A hybrid millet double-furrow film-covering hill-drop cultivation technology is characterized by comprising the following specific processes:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: deeply ploughing the reserved branches of the previous year, applying 900-fold basic fertilizers to 1000 kg/mu before ploughing, and simultaneously applying 30-40 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein N: p: the K ratio is 12: 9: 4 (high nitrogen, medium phosphorus, low potassium); 60% of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled-release fertilizer for 120 days, all fertilizers are applied once, no fertilizer is applied in the whole growth period), after the base fertilizer is finished, deep ploughing is carried out, rolling is carried out once about 7 days after deep ploughing, and after 3 days, mulching film covering and hole sowing are carried out once when soil moisture content exists in the soil;
(2) sowing period and sowing: the sowing period is 4 in the middle and last ten days of the month-5 in the last ten days of the month (the average ground temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃);
the seeding amount is 0.25-0.3 kg/mu; the sowing depth is controlled to be 3-4cm generally; selecting coated seeds, and selecting a common polyvinyl chloride mulching film with the width of 120cm and the thickness of 0.005 mm;
(3) the seeder selects a double-ridge-furrow film-covering hill-drop planter, on the basis, the duckbilled seed-metering devices are adjusted to 6, mechanical film-covering hill-drop planting is completed once, 2 rows of seeds are planted on each film (ridge), hill-drop planting is adopted on each row, the narrow row is kept at 50cm, the wide row is kept at 70cm, the hill distance is 24cm, 5-9 seeds are ensured to be planted in each hole, 6000 + 7000 holes/mu, and the seedling number is reduced to 10000 + 12000 plants/mu;
(4) field management: (1) thinning and final singling: filling seedlings in time when more than 25 percent of cavities in the two-leaf one-heart period are needed, and not filling seedlings when less than 25 percent of cavities are needed, leaving 10000-12000 plants/mu of seedlings, and ensuring the characteristic of thinly planting big ears; before emergence of seedlings, hardening is broken, thinning and final singling are carried out, and meanwhile, soil is removed; (2) weeding: the mixture of the sethoxydim and the 2, 4-D is sprayed at the 3-5 leaf stage, and the mixture can be used for treating both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, such as crab grass, barnyard grass, green bristlegrass, goosegrass, purslane, quinoa and amaranth; generally, the herbicide is sprayed on the soil before the seedlings after sowing or sprayed on the rice seedlings in the 3-5 leaf stage, the young seedling stage or the top season of the weed seedlings; (3) pest control;
(5) harvesting: the harvest can be carried out after 80% of the harvest is finished, and the harvest can be carried out by selecting a drying mode, so that the yield and the quality can be effectively improved.
2. The cultivation technique of hybrid foxtail millet by double-furrow mulching hole sowing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicide can also be 72% of 2.4-D butyl ester, the dosage per mu is 25-45 g, and 25 kg of water is added for spraying.
3. The cultivation technique of hybrid foxtail millet by double-furrow mulching hole sowing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicide can also be selected from 20% methoxone water, with an amount of 200-300 g per mu, mixed with 25 kg of water for spraying.
4. The cultivation technique of hybrid foxtail millet with double furrows and covered with film and hill drop as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said herbicide can also be selected from 50% of Echinochloate emulsifiable concentrate, and is sprayed with 500-700 ml of water and 25 kg of water for each mu.
5. The cultivation technique of hybrid foxtail millet through double-ridge furrow film covering and hole sowing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control comprises disease control and pest control, the disease mainly prevents white sickness and paddy blast, and for the white sickness, 70 g to 105 g of 180 to 360 times liquid which can be used with 45% of amobam water aqua or 35% of metalaxyl seed treatment dry powder is mixed in every 100 kg of seeds; for the blast disease, 500-800 times of diphenfos 40% missible oil, or 1000 times of 50% tetrachlorophthalide wettable powder, or 500-600 times of 2% kasugamycin wettable powder can be used for preventing and treating the leaf blast, and the prevention and treatment of neck blast can be carried out for 1 time in the initial stage and the full-heading stage respectively.
6. The cultivation technique of hybrid foxtail millet by double-furrow mulching hole sowing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pest control is mainly armyworm control, which is controlled before 3 instars of larvae, preferably applied in the morning or evening, and sprayed on the upper part of the plant; 40-80 ml/mu of 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin, 12-18 g/mu of 5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin, 80-100 g/mu of 20% of octyl-sulfur methomyl missible oil, 30-40 ml/mu of 48% of chlorpyrifos missible oil and 40-50kg of water are added for even spraying.
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