CN113566880A - Urban ponding early warning system and method - Google Patents
Urban ponding early warning system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a city accumulated water early warning system and a method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first grating wavelength signal, a first pressure signal, a second grating wavelength signal, a third grating wavelength signal and an optical fiber wavelength signal; processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal and the optical fiber wavelength signal, and sending a control instruction according to a data processing result; and controlling the rainwater treatment device to perform rainwater treatment according to the control instruction. The invention is based on the monitoring system of the optical fiber sensing technology, effectively monitors various key performance parameters in real time, knows the real-time operation condition of facilities, timely warns the waterlogging condition, takes measures, provides basic data for continuously improving the sponge city construction level, and effectively reduces the monitoring cost through simple equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban rainfall flood management, in particular to an urban ponding early warning system and method.
Background
The sponge city is a city rainfall flood management measure under the novel urbanization of China, and is used for changing the traditional rainwater discharge mode to solve the water problem of the city by the ecological idea. At present, accurate assessment and periodic detection of construction benefits of various sponge facilities are always outstanding, so that an online monitoring system is required and the requirements of stable transmission, strong interference resistance, high precision and the like are met. The device is applied to typical facilities such as a concave green land, a permeable pavement and a grass planting ditch for tracking monitoring and accumulating actual operation data, can monitor the long-term operation effect of the facilities, finds operation risks and problems in time, effectively treats the problems, improves the operation guarantee rate of the facilities, and provides basic data for continuously improving the construction level of a sponge city. Therefore, the research on an effective and timely urban ponding early warning processing method is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a system and a method for warning urban water accumulation, so as to achieve the technical effect of reliably and efficiently warning urban water accumulation.
The invention provides an urban accumulated water early warning system which comprises a permeable pavement monitoring device, a natural cavernous body monitoring device, a rainwater real-time measuring device, a data processing center and a rainwater processing device, wherein the permeable pavement monitoring device comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the natural cavernous body monitoring device comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe, the water outlet pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe, the water outlet pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe:
the permeable pavement monitoring device is used for monitoring a first grating wavelength signal and a first pressure signal of rainwater on a permeable surface;
the natural cavernous body monitoring device is used for monitoring a second grating wavelength signal and a third grating wavelength signal corresponding to rainwater in the natural cavernous body;
the rainwater real-time measuring device is used for monitoring an optical fiber wavelength signal for feeding back rainfall intensity;
the data processing center is used for carrying out data processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal and the optical fiber wavelength signal and sending a control instruction according to a data processing result;
and the rainwater treatment device is used for operating under the control instruction so as to treat the accumulated water.
Further, permeate water and spread monitoring devices includes first output optical cable, first demodulation appearance and follow the soil layer from top to bottom first grating temperature sensor, the infiltration pressure sensor who installs in proper order, wherein:
the first grating temperature sensor is used for monitoring a first grating wavelength signal of the fiber grating in the soil layer along with temperature change;
the water seepage pressure sensor is used for monitoring a first pressure signal which changes along with the water content in the soil layer;
the first demodulator is used for demodulating the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal;
the first output optical cable is used for outputting the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal to the data processing center, wherein the data processing center determines a permeability parameter for feeding back water absorption performance of the permeable surface according to the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal.
Further, natural cavernosum monitoring devices is including distributing second grating temperature sensor, third grating temperature sensor, second output optical cable and the second demodulation appearance of different degree of depth in the soil vertical direction, wherein:
the second grating temperature sensor and the third grating temperature sensor are used for monitoring a second grating wavelength signal and a third grating wavelength signal of the fiber grating, which are different along with the temperature change in different soil layer depths;
the second demodulator is used for demodulating the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal;
the second output optical cable is used for outputting the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal to the data processing center, wherein the data processing center determines a runoff parameter for feeding back water absorption performance of the natural sponge according to the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal.
Further, real-time measuring device of rainwater including fixed iron sheet, with fixed iron sheet fixed connection's fiber grating acceleration sensor, third demodulation appearance and third output optical cable, wherein:
the fixed iron sheet is used for generating stress change according to rainfall;
the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor is used for collecting fiber wavelength signals changing along with the fixed iron sheet;
the third demodulator is used for demodulating the optical fiber wavelength signal;
and the third output optical cable is used for outputting the optical fiber wavelength signal to the data processing center, wherein the data processing center determines the corresponding rainfall intensity according to the optical fiber wavelength signal.
The invention provides an urban ponding early warning method based on the urban ponding early warning system, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first grating wavelength signal, a first pressure signal, a second grating wavelength signal, a third grating wavelength signal and an optical fiber wavelength signal;
processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal and the optical fiber wavelength signal, and sending a control instruction according to a data processing result;
and controlling the rainwater treatment device to perform rainwater treatment according to the control instruction.
Further, the processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal, and the fiber wavelength signal includes:
acquiring the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal;
determining the wavelength signal change time according to the change time periods of the first grating wavelength signals of different soil layer depths, and correcting according to the first pressure signal;
determining the rainwater infiltration position and the rainwater infiltration time according to the wavelength signal change time;
and determining the permeability parameters according to the rainwater infiltration position and the rainwater infiltration time, wherein the permeability parameters comprise infiltration speed and water content change.
Further, the processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal, and the fiber wavelength signal includes:
acquiring the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal;
determining the penetration speed according to the lag time of signal change between the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal and the corresponding depth distance;
and determining the runoff reduction rate, the runoff producing moment, the SS reduction rate and the COD reduction rate according to the penetration rate.
Further, the processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal, and the fiber wavelength signal includes:
acquiring data of a plurality of the center wavelengths;
determining a mean value of a plurality of the center wavelengths, and counting signal occurrence frequencies of data of the center wavelengths at the mean value;
and determining the rainfall intensity according to the signal occurrence frequency.
Further, the data processing result includes permeability parameters, runoff parameters and rainfall intensity, and the sending of the control instruction according to the data processing result includes:
determining a first water content of a permeable surface according to the permeability parameter, and determining a second water content of the natural cavernous body according to the runoff parameter;
judging whether water is accumulated at present or not according to the first water content, the second water content and the rainfall intensity;
if the water accumulation amount exists, sending out water accumulation early warning, and generating the corresponding control instruction according to different water accumulation amounts.
Further, the control instruction includes a first control instruction to a fifth control instruction, the rainwater treatment device includes at least one of a rainwater regulation pool, an urban flood discharge device, an urban rainwater pump house and a rainwater filtering facility, and controlling the rainwater treatment device to perform rainwater treatment according to the control instruction includes:
when the accumulated water amount reaches the upper limit of the early warning line, sending the first control instruction, and opening a drainage valve of the rainwater regulating pool;
when the accumulated water amount exceeds a preset threshold value, sending the second control instruction, and opening a drainage valve of the urban flood discharge equipment;
when the peak rainfall corresponding to the rainfall intensity exceeds the preset rainfall, the third control instruction is sent out, and the rainwater pump unit of the urban rainwater pump house is opened;
when the SS reduction rate and the COD reduction rate are reduced by a preset proportion, the fourth control instruction is sent out, and a standby rapid air flotation filter tank of the rainwater filtration facility is started;
and determining the change of the runoff according to the runoff parameters, and sending the fifth control instruction to adjust the filtering speed in the filter tank of the rainwater filtering facility.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the permeable pavement monitoring device is arranged to effectively monitor the permeability parameters; the method comprises the following steps of effectively monitoring the radial flow parameters by arranging a natural sponge body monitoring device; the rainfall intensity is effectively monitored by arranging a real-time rainwater measuring device; the data processing center is arranged, monitoring data in multiple aspects are integrated, comprehensive judgment is carried out on urban ponding conditions, and effective control is further carried out; through setting up rainwater processing apparatus, carry out rainwater processing under corresponding control command, intelligence prevents the serious ponding in city. In conclusion, the invention is based on the optical fiber sensing technology monitoring system, effectively monitors various key performance parameters in real time, knows the real-time operation condition of facilities, timely warns the waterlogging condition, takes measures, provides basic data for continuously improving the sponge city construction level, and effectively reduces the monitoring cost through simple equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an urban ponding early warning system provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the urban ponding warning system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an installation of a permeable pavement monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a real-time rainwater measuring device provided in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the urban ponding warning method provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating one embodiment of obtaining the permeability parameter of step S1 in FIG. 5 according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an embodiment of obtaining the runoff parameter in step S1 of fig. 5 according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the infiltration rate and water content according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating variations in temperature and rainfall provided by the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between permeation rate and radial flow reduction rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between permeation rate and time of labor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between permeation rate and SS reduction rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the relationship between the permeation rate and the COD cutting rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of obtaining the rainfall intensity of step S1 in FIG. 5 according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of frequency synthesis at various flow rates provided by the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of step S2 in FIG. 5 according to the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the urban ponding early warning device provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
With the improvement of sponge city construction, the operation maintenance and monitoring of facilities become important contents of work. The traditional monitoring means has higher infrastructure requirement, needs a large amount of equipment, has higher daily maintenance cost, is not accurate enough for judging the condition of urban accumulated water, and fails to take timely and effective measures to intervene. Therefore, the urban ponding early warning system and method provided by the invention provide a new idea for improving reliability and efficiency of urban ponding early warning. The following are detailed below:
the embodiment of the invention provides an urban ponding early warning system, and as seen in combination with fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the urban ponding early warning system provided by the invention, and the system comprises a permeable pavement monitoring device 1, a natural cavernous body monitoring device 2, a rainwater real-time measuring device 3, a data processing center 4 and a rainwater processing device 5, wherein:
the permeable pavement monitoring device 1 is used for monitoring a first grating wavelength signal and a first pressure signal of rainwater on a permeable surface;
the natural cavernous body monitoring device 2 is used for monitoring a second grating wavelength signal and a third grating wavelength signal corresponding to the natural cavernous body of rainwater;
the rainwater real-time measuring device 3 is used for monitoring an optical fiber wavelength signal for feeding back rainfall intensity;
the data processing center 4 is configured to perform data processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal, and the optical fiber wavelength signal, and send a control instruction according to a data processing result;
and the rainwater treatment device 5 is used for operating under the control instruction so as to treat the accumulated water.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water permeable paving monitoring device is arranged to effectively monitor the permeability parameters; the method comprises the following steps of effectively monitoring the radial flow parameters by arranging a natural sponge body monitoring device; the rainfall intensity is effectively monitored by arranging a real-time rainwater measuring device; the data processing center is arranged, monitoring data in multiple aspects are integrated, comprehensive judgment is carried out on urban ponding conditions, and effective control is further carried out; through setting up rainwater processing apparatus, carry out rainwater processing under corresponding control command, intelligence prevents the serious ponding in city.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the urban ponding early warning system provided in the present invention, and based on the monitoring of the infiltration rate of rainwater in the permeable pavement, the recessed green land and the grass planting ditch by the monitoring system, the current real-time rainwater reduction rate and pollution reduction rate of permeable concrete and natural cavernous body can be obtained. In order to avoid flood disasters caused by urban ponding, the system carries out feedback regulation, and the control software of the computer central control system can send specific instructions to urban lower sponge supporting facilities.
As a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic installation diagram of an embodiment of a water permeable pavement monitoring device provided by the present invention, where the water permeable pavement monitoring device includes a first output optical cable 301, a first demodulator, and a first grating temperature sensor 304, a first grating temperature sensor 305, a water seepage pressure sensor 302, and a water seepage pressure sensor 303 sequentially installed along a soil layer from top to bottom, where:
the first grating temperature sensor 304 and the first grating temperature sensor 305 are used for monitoring a first grating wavelength signal of the fiber grating in the soil layer along with temperature change; the water seepage pressure sensor 302 and the water seepage pressure sensor 303 are used for monitoring a first pressure signal which changes along with the water content in the soil layer; the first demodulator is used for demodulating the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal; the first output optical cable 301 is configured to output the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal to the data processing center, wherein the data processing center determines the permeability parameter according to the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the permeability parameters of the permeable paving monitoring device are effectively monitored based on the optical fiber sensing technology, so that the accuracy of parameter measurement is ensured, and the cost is saved.
It should be noted that the permeable pavement is to collect, store and treat rainwater runoff, and then supplement underground aquifers by permeation, so as to improve the urban hydrological regulation and storage function. In order to realize the research and development and construction of an on-line monitoring and control system, a monitoring system applied to the permeable pavement is constructed based on an optical fiber temperature sensor, the permeable capacity of the permeable pavement is quantitatively reflected according to the monitoring result of the system, sampling analysis is not needed like a conventional means, the means is simple and easy, and the penetration speed of rainwater on the permeable surface layer can be calculated by measuring the time required by the rainwater to penetrate the brick body in the rainfall process. Based on the parameters of the permeation speed, the corresponding relations with the porosity, the permeability coefficient, the runoff reduction rate, the runoff generating time and the runoff pollution (SS, COD) indexes are respectively established, and a mathematical model is established.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the rainwater infiltration condition in the soil layer is researched and developed as a monitoring direction by combining the early investigation work and the monitoring requirement of the optical fiber monitoring system. The fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is arranged in a soil layer along the vertical direction, and the specific arrangement method of the monitoring system is shown in figure 3, and the monitoring system mainly comprises the fiber bragg grating temperature and water seepage pressure sensor, a simulated sponge facility soil layer used for testing and an output optical cable, wherein the fiber bragg grating temperature and water seepage pressure sensor is arranged in the sponge facility soil layer. The fiber grating temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are sequentially installed from bottom to top along the soil layer when being laid.
The principle of the permeable pavement monitoring device is based on the linear sensitive relation of the fiber bragg grating to the pressure generated by the soil temperature and the soil moisture content in the soil layer, when rainfall occurs, part of rainwater can permeate into the soil layer of the sponge facility, when the rainwater infiltrates to the soil layer surface of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor, the rainwater can change the temperature environment where the sensor is located due to temperature change, the change of the output wavelength signal of the fiber bragg grating is caused, the change time of the wavelength signal is recorded at the moment, the infiltration position and the infiltration time of the rainwater can be recorded, and therefore the rainwater infiltration condition in the soil layer of the sponge facility during rainfall is monitored. When rainwater seeps downwards gradually, the water content in soil is increased continuously, so that the pressure applied to a soil layer where the sensor is located is increased continuously, the change of the output wavelength signal of the fiber bragg grating is caused, the change of the pressure signal along with the time is recorded and used as a PID parameter factor, the error of the model is reduced, and the model is optimized and adjusted.
In fig. 3, the change trends of the optical fiber signals of the two sensors are similar, but the change time points of the two grating signals have obvious sequence, which indicates that the optical fiber grating temperature sensor can reflect the temperature change of soil caused by water infiltration, and the sequence is reflected on a time node, and it is feasible to monitor the water seepage situation in the soil layer by using the optical fiber grating temperature sensor. Therefore, the infiltration condition of the rainwater in the soil layer is monitored by the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor, and the change of the water content in the soil layer is monitored by the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor, so that the infiltration speed of the rainwater in the soil layer is monitored as auxiliary optimization, and the infiltration position of the rainwater in the soil layer can also be monitored.
As a preferred embodiment, the natural cavernous body monitoring device comprises a second grating temperature sensor, a third grating temperature sensor, a second output optical cable and a second demodulator which are distributed at different depths in the vertical direction of the soil, wherein: the second grating temperature sensor and the third grating temperature sensor are used for monitoring a second grating wavelength signal and a third grating wavelength signal of the fiber grating, which are different along with the temperature change in different soil layer depths; the second demodulator is used for demodulating the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal; the second output optical cable is configured to output the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal to the data processing center, where the data processing center determines the runoff parameter according to the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal. In the embodiment of the invention, the runoff parameters of the natural cavernous body monitoring device are effectively monitored based on the optical fiber sensing technology, so that the accuracy of parameter measurement is ensured, and the cost is saved.
It should be noted that the natural sponge body can play an auxiliary role in the operation of the sponge city to a greater extent in the rainwater absorption and purification capacity. Based on the optical fiber temperature sensor, monitoring of the water permeation speed index is completed, a relation model between the water permeation speed index and the water content of the natural sponge is established, the optical fiber pressure sensor is used for auxiliary correction, and further runoff reduction capacity, runoff pollution reduction capacity and effective runoff collection capacity of the natural sponge are achieved, and early warning is conducted on rainwater storage capacity saturation of the natural sponge.
As a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a real-time rainwater measuring device provided by the present invention, where the real-time rainwater measuring device includes a fixed iron sheet, a fiber grating acceleration sensor fixedly connected to the fixed iron sheet, a third demodulator, and a third output optical cable, where:
the fixed iron sheet is used for generating stress change according to rainfall;
the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor is used for collecting fiber wavelength signals changing along with the fixed iron sheet;
the third demodulator is used for demodulating the optical fiber wavelength signal;
and the third output optical cable is used for outputting the optical fiber wavelength signal to the data processing center, wherein the data processing center determines the rainfall intensity according to the optical fiber wavelength signal.
In the embodiment of the invention, based on the optical fiber sensing technology, the rainfall intensity is effectively monitored, the accuracy of parameter measurement is ensured, and the cost is saved.
It should be noted that there is a certain delay effect in the confluence of rainwater, so that under the condition of heavy rain, real-time rainfall intensity monitoring is performed, and the key that the online monitoring and control system can perform early warning of rainfall flood in advance and realize automatic control regulation and storage is provided. Based on the optical fiber pressure sensor, the design of the real-time rainfall intensity monitoring device is completed by taking momentum conservation during rainwater falling as a basic principle, and the accuracy of the device is verified and corrected appropriately.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an urban water early warning method, and referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the urban water early warning method provided by the present invention, and includes steps S1 to S3, where:
in step S1, a first grating wavelength signal, a first pressure signal, a second grating wavelength signal, a third grating wavelength signal, and an optical fiber wavelength signal are obtained;
in step S2, processing is performed according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal, and the optical fiber wavelength signal, and a control instruction is issued according to a data processing result;
in step S3, the rainwater treatment device is controlled to perform rainwater treatment according to the control command.
In the embodiment of the invention, firstly, various parameters are effectively acquired, and the current rainfall and water content are fed back; then, comprehensively processing various parameters to determine the current water accumulation condition; and finally, carrying out different rainwater treatment measures according to the current ponding condition.
As a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of obtaining the permeability parameter of step S1 in fig. 5 provided by the present invention, and includes steps S601 to S604, where:
in step S601, a first grating wavelength signal and a first pressure signal are acquired;
in step S602, determining a wavelength signal change time according to a change time period of the first grating wavelength signal of different soil depths, and performing correction according to the first pressure signal;
in step S603, determining a rainwater infiltration position and rainwater infiltration time according to the wavelength signal change time;
in step S604, the penetration performance parameters are determined according to the rainwater infiltration position and the rainwater infiltration time, wherein the penetration performance parameters include infiltration speed and water content change.
In the embodiment of the invention, the change of the infiltration speed and the water content is effectively monitored according to the grating wavelength signal and the pressure signal.
As a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of obtaining the runoff parameter in step S1 in fig. 5, which includes steps S701 to S703, where:
in step S701, a second grating wavelength signal and a third grating wavelength signal are obtained;
in step S702, determining a penetration rate according to a lag time of signal change between the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal and a corresponding depth distance;
in step S703, the radial flow reduction rate, the runoff generating time, the SS reduction rate, and the COD reduction rate are determined according to the permeation rate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the radial flow reduction rate, the labor flow time, the SS reduction rate and the COD reduction rate are effectively monitored according to the grating wavelength signal.
As a specific embodiment, the penetration rate is calculated according to the grating wavelength signal, and based on the pre-stored relationship diagram of the penetration rate and the runoff parameters (the runoff reduction rate, the runoff production time, the SS reduction rate and the COD reduction rate), the runoff reduction rate, the runoff production time, the SS reduction rate and the COD reduction rate can be effectively determined according to the penetration rate.
It should be noted that the infiltration rule of natural cavernous body soil layer is similar with rainwater infiltration rule, and at the initial stage of rainwater infiltration, rainwater infiltration speed is very fast, and the infiltration rate of rainwater in soil is relevant with the initial moisture content of soil this moment, if soil is comparatively moist when beginning, then rainwater infiltration rate is less, and the reduction of infiltration rate is slower afterwards. If the soil is dry when the infiltration suction is started, the infiltration rate is reduced quickly after the rainfall occurs, therefore, the infiltration rate of the rainwater in the soil is monitored through the optical fiber monitoring system, the current soil moisture content is calculated out, the corresponding relation of the infiltration rate of the rainwater in the soil is calculated, and the soil saturation moisture content of the soil is combined, so that the water storage volume of the soil layer under the current humidity can be calculated. Referring to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the infiltration rate and the water content according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from the diagram that the infiltration rate is rapidly decreased with the increase of the water content in the soil, the infiltration rate is 0.42 cm/min at 10% water content, and the infiltration rate is only 0.13cm/min when the volume water content is 25%. The fact shows that the infiltration rate measured by the monitoring system is in negative correlation with the water content in the soil layer within a certain range, and indirectly shows the feasibility of the scheme for monitoring the water content of the soil layer by the monitoring system.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the monitoring principle of the real-time osmotic speed u in the corpus cavernosum is as follows:
in the vertical direction of the soil, two optical fiber temperature sensors are arranged. When the rain falls, the temperature in the soil is higher than that of the rain water at any water content, and when the rain falls, the rain water permeates from the ground surface to the inside of the soil, and the temperature of the rain water is lower than that of the soil. When rainwater penetrates into the soil layer depth where the optical fiber is located, the ambient temperature of the optical fiber temperature sensor is rapidly reduced (namely, the sensors a and b correspond to t1 and t2 respectively). When the rainfall continues, the water content in the soil continuously increases, and the temperature around the optical fiber temperature sensor continuously and slowly decreases until the water content in the soil reaches a saturation state, at which time the temperature around the optical fiber temperature sensor tends to be stable. However, the water content of the soil in the lower layer increases with delay due to the different soil depths of the optical fiber temperature sensors a and b. The hysteresis of the temperature change is shown, the general trends of the hysteresis are shown in fig. 9, and fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the change of the temperature and rainfall according to an embodiment of the invention.
The delay time of the temperature change of the lower-layer soil reflects the time required by penetration of the rainwater in a certain soil depth, namely the penetration speed of the rainwater in the soil, and the expression of the penetration speed u is as follows:
in the above formula, α is a coefficient; Δ t-time difference(s) of two sensors at different temperatures; xa, Xb-the distance (m) from the sensor a, b to the ground, placed in the vertical direction. For the natural sponge body, a real-time permeation speed change value is adopted, and for a permeable surface layer in permeable pavement, the integral permeation speed value in the monitoring process is adopted because the permeation speed change value changes less along with the reappearance period and the real-time permeation speed change condition is difficult to measure.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a permeation rate and a runoff reduction rate provided by the present invention, according to a relationship between a permeation rate of rainwater in soil and a runoff reduction rate, it can be seen that the runoff reduction rate gradually decreases with an increase in the permeation rate, and the overall runoff reduction rate shows a negative correlation, and the better R2 values of the linear fitting and the quadratic fitting are both above 0.95. The key index of reducing the runoff of the natural cavernous body can be calculated by monitoring the permeation speed of rainwater permeating the natural cavernous body. When the penetration rate is smaller, the influence of water flow penetration on the erosion and porosity change of the soil is smaller, the penetration rate of rainwater in the soil is accelerated along with the increase of rainfall, the structural property of the soil is changed, the increasing trend of the rainwater infiltration rate is smaller than the increasing trend of the rainfall, and the conditions of surface water accumulation and the like occur. According to the trend phenomenon, the rainwater flow rate control method is considered to be capable of being used for reflecting the difference of rainwater runoff control effects of the natural cavernous body under different rainwater permeation rates by monitoring the infiltration speed of the natural cavernous body. Wherein, the fitting equation corresponding to the above is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
| Fitting method | Fitting equation | R2 |
| Fitting once | y＝-25.231x+94.658 | 0.9678 |
| Quadratic fit | y＝34.919x2-53.763x+99.848 | 0.9941 |
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a permeation rate and a runoff time according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figure, a fitting effect of a relationship between the runoff time and the permeation rate is good, and R2 of the first fitting and the second fitting is greater than 0.95, which indicates that by monitoring the permeation rate in the natural cavernous body, the runoff time on the surface of the natural cavernous body can be better reflected, so that the time for generating water in a city can be estimated more accurately, and the probability of occurrence of a flood disaster can be reduced. Wherein, the fitting equation corresponding to the above is shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
In an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 12, fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a penetration rate and an SS reduction rate according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from the diagram that when the penetration rate of rainwater in a natural cavernous body is low, the natural cavernous body has a better reduction rate for SS pollutants in rainwater runoff; along with the increase of the soil scouring rate by rainwater, the interception effect of the soil on pollutants is gradually weakened, and the SS reduction rate is gradually reduced; when the rainfall is too large, the natural sponge body has almost no effect on the SS reduction rate, probably because the rainfall erosion speed is higher, and the SS stored in the soil in the structure is brought out. The SS reduction rate and the penetration rate relation have good fitting effect, and R2 of the first fitting and the second fitting is larger than 0.94, which shows that by monitoring the penetration rate in the natural cavernous body, the SS reduction rate of the natural cavernous body in rainwater runoff can be better reflected, so that the performance of the natural cavernous body is more accurately reflected. Wherein, the fitting equation corresponding to the above is shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3
| Fitting method | Fitting equation | R2 |
| Fitting once | y＝-237.74x+115.9 | 0.9445 |
| Quadratic fit | y＝498.77x2-637.5x+185.78 | 0.9933 |
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between the penetration rate and the COD reduction rate according to an embodiment of the present invention, it can be seen from the diagram that the COD reduction rate in the natural cavernous body and the rainwater penetration rate show a negative correlation, and R2 in both the fitting is greater than 0.98, which has a better correlation, and can effectively reflect the rainwater COD reduction rate through the penetration rate. Along with the increase of the rainwater infiltration rate, the COD reduction rate is continuously reduced, which is probably that the infiltration rate is smaller in the early stage of rainfall, COD pollutants doped in rainwater can effectively generate sedimentation and adhesion on the surface of soil particles, and the content of COD in rainwater is reduced to a great extent; when rainfall intensity is high, rainwater infiltration rate is high, flowing water speed in soil pores is high, pollutant interception efficiency in rainwater is poor, and COD reduction rate is reduced. When the rainwater infiltration rate is further increased, the water flow in the soil pores is too large, so that COD pollutants in the soil pores are flushed out, the COD content in the rainwater is increased, and the reduction rate is negative. Wherein, the fitting equation corresponding to the above is shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4
| Fitting method | Fitting equation | R2 |
| Fitting once | y＝-169.89x+86.35 | 0.9894 |
| Quadratic fit | y＝12.272x2-179.72x+88.069 | 0.9895 |
As a preferred embodiment, the optical fiber wavelength signal includes a corresponding center wavelength, and referring to fig. 14, fig. 14 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of acquiring rainfall intensity in step S1 in fig. 5 provided by the present invention, and includes steps S1401 to S1403, where: in step S1401, data of a plurality of the center wavelengths is acquired; in step S1402, determining a mean value of a plurality of the center wavelengths, and counting signal occurrence frequencies of data of the center wavelengths at the mean value; in step S1403, the rainfall intensity is determined according to the signal occurrence frequency.
In the embodiment of the invention, the rainfall intensity change is effectively monitored according to the mean frequency calculation of the central wavelength.
In reference to fig. 4 and 14, the principle of the rainfall intensity test is as follows: assuming that the amount of rainfall falling on the surface of the steel sheet per unit time is a constant value when the amount of rainfall is fixed. When rainwater falls from a certain height, the gravitational potential energy of the rainwater is converted into the kinetic energy of the rainwater, so that the rainwater has a certain momentum, when the rainwater is driven into the steel sheet, the momentum of the rainwater is converted into acting force on the steel sheet within a certain time, and the process is shown as the following formula:
m1v1-m1v2＝I＝F1
in the formula, h is the rainwater falling height (m); v1-speed of rain before falling to the sheet (m/s); v2-speed (m/s) after the rain falls to the steel sheet; m-rainwater mass (kg); g-gravity (m/s 2); i is the impulse (N.s) to the steel sheet when the rain falls to the steel sheet; f is the acting force (N) of the rainwater on the steel sheet; t-time of impulse conversion (S).
The rainfall on the surface of the steel sheet in unit time is increased along with the increase of the rainfall, namely the rainwater m falling to the steel sheet in unit time is increased, namely the impact force on the steel sheet is increased, so that the stress environment where the fiber grating acceleration sensor is located is changed, and the change of the external stress is represented through the change of the wavelength. If other conditions are not changed, when the rainfall is increased, the maximum value and the minimum value of the wavelength signal are more deviated from the initial wavelength signal value, but it is noted that the stress environment where the steel sheet is located is complex, the rain drop point is irregular, and the environmental conditions under the rainfall are not very same, so that the maximum value and the minimum value are compared, and the discrete degree of the whole data is also required to be calculated. The system is subjected to application experiment verification under laboratory conditions, an application experiment principle diagram and a schematic diagram are shown in the figure, set rainwater flow is broken down by a sprinkler above a built monitoring system, a fiber grating acceleration sensor is fixed on an iron sheet, the iron sheet is arranged on a support, the sprinkler is also arranged at a fixed position, and other variables except rainfall in each test are ensured to be kept unchanged. The acceleration sensor is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator through an optical fiber cable, and records the central wavelength signals of the sensor under different rainfall flows.
In combination with fig. 15, fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of frequency synthesis under multiple flows provided by the present invention, and it can be seen from the frequency diagrams of different rainfall intensities that the change rule thereof changes steadily with the increase of the flow. As the flow rate increases, the frequency of occurrence of the mean μ decreases, and the curve changes from lean to flat, which indicates that the larger the rainfall, the more discrete the data set increases. Correspondingly, the more rainfall, the fewer the number of occurrences of the wavelength signal at the mean value, and the more the number of occurrences of the wavelength signal at both sides of the mean value, the greater the difference from the mean value wavelength signal, and the greater the rainfall flow, the greater the number of occurrences.
In the scheme for monitoring the real-time rainfall variation by using the optical fiber sensing technology, the data set can be subjected to frequency calculation analysis, the variation trend of the rainfall can be reflected by the discrete analysis of the data set, and the feasibility of monitoring the real-time rainfall flow in a certain area by using the optical fiber grating acceleration sensor is verified. The rainfall process under natural conditions has a great change degree and more influence factors. The rainfall, the rainfall type and the duration of rainfall have large span in time and space and wide variation range. By changing the fiber grating monitoring system, the characteristics of real-time performance, long transmission range and convenient and complete data storage of the fiber sensing technology can be well exerted. The rainfall at the moment can be reflected by analyzing the dispersion degree of the optical fiber signal data set in a period of time, and the rainfall, the duration of rainfall and the rainfall type in the rainfall process of the area can be recorded by utilizing the optical fiber sensor to collect, transmit and collect wavelength signals.
As a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 16, fig. 16 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of step S2 in fig. 5 provided by the present invention, and includes steps S1601 to S1603, where:
in step S1601, determining a first water content of the permeable surface according to the permeability parameter, and determining a second water content of the natural cavernous body according to the runoff parameter;
in step S1602, determining whether there is accumulated water at present according to the first water content, the second water content, and the rainfall intensity;
in step S1603, if the water accumulation amount exists, a water accumulation warning is issued, and the corresponding control command is generated according to different water accumulation amounts.
In the embodiment of the invention, the urban ponding condition is effectively judged by combining parameters measured in multiple aspects, so that different control instructions are generated to operate the rainwater treatment device.
As a preferred embodiment, the control instruction includes a first control instruction to a fifth control instruction, the rainwater treatment device includes at least one of a rainwater regulation pool, an urban flood discharge facility, an urban rainwater pump house and a rainwater filtering facility, and controlling the rainwater treatment device to perform rainwater treatment according to the control instruction includes: when the accumulated water amount reaches the upper limit of the early warning line, sending the first control instruction, and opening a drainage valve of the rainwater regulating pool; when the accumulated water amount exceeds a preset threshold value, sending the second control instruction, and opening a drainage valve of the urban flood discharge equipment; when the peak rainfall corresponding to the rainfall intensity exceeds the preset rainfall, the third control instruction is sent out, and the rainwater pump unit of the urban rainwater pump house is opened; when the SS reduction rate and the COD reduction rate are reduced by a preset proportion, the fourth control instruction is sent out, and a standby rapid air flotation filter tank of the rainwater filtration facility is started; and determining the change of the runoff according to the runoff parameters, and sending the fifth control instruction to adjust the filtering speed in the filter tank of the rainwater filtering facility. In the embodiment of the invention, the rainwater treatment device is intelligently started and stopped under different control instructions, so that the timeliness and the intelligence of rainwater treatment are ensured.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an urban water early warning device, and with reference to fig. 17, fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the urban water early warning device provided by the present invention, where the schematic structural diagram includes:
the acquisition unit 1701: the device is used for acquiring a first grating wavelength signal, a first pressure signal, a second grating wavelength signal, a third grating wavelength signal and an optical fiber wavelength signal;
the processing unit 1702: the optical fiber grating sensor is used for processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal and the optical fiber wavelength signal and sending a control instruction according to a data processing result;
signal timing unit 1703: and controlling the rainwater treatment device to perform rainwater treatment according to the control instruction.
The more specific implementation manner of each unit of the urban ponding early warning device can be referred to the description of the urban ponding early warning method of the invention, and has similar beneficial effects, and the detailed description is omitted here.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the urban water early warning method is implemented.
Generally, computer instructions for carrying out the methods of the present invention may be carried using any combination of one or more computer-readable storage media. Non-transitory computer readable storage media may include any computer readable medium except for the signal itself, which is temporarily propagating.
A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C + +, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages, and in particular may employ Python languages suitable for neural network computing and TensorFlow, PyTorch-based platform frameworks. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computing device which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the urban water accumulation early warning method is realized.
According to the computer-readable storage medium and the computing device provided by the above embodiments of the present invention, the implementation may be realized by referring to the content specifically described for implementing the above-mentioned urban ponding early warning method according to the present invention, and the computer-readable storage medium and the computing device have similar beneficial effects to the above-mentioned urban ponding early warning method, and are not described herein again.
The invention discloses an urban accumulated water early warning system and method, wherein a permeable pavement monitoring device is arranged to effectively monitor permeability parameters; the method comprises the following steps of effectively monitoring the radial flow parameters by arranging a natural sponge body monitoring device; the rainfall intensity is effectively monitored by arranging a real-time rainwater measuring device; the data processing center is arranged, monitoring data in multiple aspects are integrated, comprehensive judgment is carried out on urban ponding conditions, and effective control is further carried out; through setting up rainwater processing apparatus, carry out rainwater processing under corresponding control command, intelligence prevents the serious ponding in city.
According to the technical scheme, based on the optical fiber sensing technology monitoring system, various key performance parameters are effectively monitored in real time, the real-time operation condition of facilities is known, the waterlogging condition is early warned in time, measures are taken, basic data are provided for continuous improvement of the sponge city construction level, and the monitoring cost is effectively reduced through simple equipment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an urban ponding early warning system which characterized in that, including permeating water and paving monitoring devices, natural cavernosum monitoring devices, rainwater real-time measurement device, data processing center and rainwater processing apparatus, wherein:
the permeable pavement monitoring device is used for monitoring a first grating wavelength signal and a first pressure signal of rainwater on a permeable surface;
the natural cavernous body monitoring device is used for monitoring a second grating wavelength signal and a third grating wavelength signal corresponding to rainwater in the natural cavernous body;
the rainwater real-time measuring device is used for monitoring an optical fiber wavelength signal for feeding back rainfall intensity;
the data processing center is used for carrying out data processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal and the optical fiber wavelength signal and sending a control instruction according to a data processing result;
and the rainwater treatment device is used for operating under the control instruction so as to treat the accumulated water.
2. The urban ponding early warning system of claim 1, characterized in that permeate water and spread monitoring devices includes first output optical cable, first demodulation appearance and follow the soil layer from top to bottom first grating temperature sensor, the infiltration pressure sensor who installs in proper order, wherein:
the first grating temperature sensor is used for monitoring a first grating wavelength signal of the fiber grating in the soil layer along with temperature change;
the water seepage pressure sensor is used for monitoring a first pressure signal which changes along with the water content in the soil layer;
the first demodulator is used for demodulating the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal;
the first output optical cable is used for outputting the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal to the data processing center, wherein the data processing center determines a permeability parameter for feeding back water absorption performance of the permeable surface according to the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal.
3. The municipal water logging early warning system according to claim 1, wherein the natural cavernous body monitoring device comprises a second grating temperature sensor, a third grating temperature sensor, a second output optical cable and a second demodulator distributed at different depths in the vertical direction of the soil, wherein:
the second grating temperature sensor and the third grating temperature sensor are used for monitoring a second grating wavelength signal and a third grating wavelength signal of the fiber grating, which are different along with the temperature change in different soil layer depths;
the second demodulator is used for demodulating the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal;
the second output optical cable is used for outputting the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal to the data processing center, wherein the data processing center determines a runoff parameter for feeding back water absorption performance of the natural sponge according to the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal.
4. The urban ponding early warning system of claim 1, wherein the real-time rainwater measuring device includes a fixed iron sheet, a fiber grating acceleration sensor fixedly connected with the fixed iron sheet, a third demodulator and a third output optical cable, wherein:
the fixed iron sheet is used for generating stress change according to rainfall;
the fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor is used for collecting fiber wavelength signals changing along with the fixed iron sheet;
the third demodulator is used for demodulating the optical fiber wavelength signal;
and the third output optical cable is used for outputting the optical fiber wavelength signal to the data processing center, wherein the data processing center determines the corresponding rainfall intensity according to the optical fiber wavelength signal.
5. A city water early warning method, which is based on the city water early warning system according to claims 1 to 4, and comprises:
acquiring a first grating wavelength signal, a first pressure signal, a second grating wavelength signal, a third grating wavelength signal and an optical fiber wavelength signal;
processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal and the optical fiber wavelength signal, and sending a control instruction according to a data processing result;
and controlling the rainwater treatment device to perform rainwater treatment according to the control instruction.
6. The urban water warning method according to claim 5, wherein the processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal, and the fiber wavelength signal comprises:
acquiring the first grating wavelength signal and the first pressure signal;
determining the wavelength signal change time according to the change time periods of the first grating wavelength signals of different soil layer depths, and correcting according to the first pressure signal;
determining the rainwater infiltration position and the rainwater infiltration time according to the wavelength signal change time;
and determining the permeability parameters according to the rainwater infiltration position and the rainwater infiltration time, wherein the permeability parameters comprise infiltration speed and water content change.
7. The urban water warning method according to claim 5, wherein the processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal, and the fiber wavelength signal comprises:
acquiring the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal;
determining the penetration speed according to the lag time of signal change between the second grating wavelength signal and the third grating wavelength signal and the corresponding depth distance;
and determining the runoff reduction rate, the runoff producing moment, the SS reduction rate and the COD reduction rate according to the penetration rate.
8. The urban ponding early warning method of claim 5, wherein the fiber wavelength signal includes a corresponding center wavelength, and the processing according to the first grating wavelength signal, the first pressure signal, the second grating wavelength signal, the third grating wavelength signal, and the fiber wavelength signal includes:
acquiring data of a plurality of the center wavelengths;
determining a mean value of a plurality of the center wavelengths, and counting signal occurrence frequencies of data of the center wavelengths at the mean value;
and determining the rainfall intensity according to the signal occurrence frequency.
9. The urban ponding early warning method according to claim 5, wherein the data processing result includes permeability parameters, runoff parameters and rainfall intensity, and the sending of the control instruction according to the data processing result includes:
determining a first water content of a permeable surface according to the permeability parameter, and determining a second water content of the natural cavernous body according to the runoff parameter;
judging whether water is accumulated at present or not according to the first water content, the second water content and the rainfall intensity;
if the water accumulation amount exists, sending out water accumulation early warning, and generating the corresponding control instruction according to different water accumulation amounts.
10. The urban ponding early warning method according to claim 9, wherein the control instruction comprises a first control instruction to a fifth control instruction, the rainwater treatment device comprises at least one of a rainwater conditioning tank, an urban flood discharge facility, an urban rainwater pump house and a rainwater filtering facility, and controlling the rainwater treatment device to perform rainwater treatment according to the control instruction comprises:
when the accumulated water amount reaches the upper limit of the early warning line, sending the first control instruction, and opening a drainage valve of the rainwater regulating pool;
when the accumulated water amount exceeds a preset threshold value, sending the second control instruction, and opening a drainage valve of the urban flood discharge equipment;
when the peak rainfall corresponding to the rainfall intensity exceeds the preset rainfall, the third control instruction is sent out, and the rainwater pump unit of the urban rainwater pump house is opened;
when the SS reduction rate and the COD reduction rate are reduced by a preset proportion, the fourth control instruction is sent out, and a standby rapid air flotation filter tank of the rainwater filtration facility is started;
and determining the change of the runoff according to the runoff parameters, and sending the fifth control instruction to adjust the filtering speed in the filter tank of the rainwater filtering facility.
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| CN115544461A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2022-12-30 | 成都同飞科技有限责任公司 | Rain and sewage mixed grafting analysis method, system, equipment and medium |
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