CN104111091A - Debris flow mechanical parameter monitoring system and debris flow early warning system - Google Patents
Debris flow mechanical parameter monitoring system and debris flow early warning system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a debris flow mechanical parameter monitoring system and a debris flow early warning system. The debris flow mechanical parameter monitoring system and the debris flow early warning system aim at overcoming the defects on debris flow occurrence early warning in the prior art. The debris flow mechanical parameter monitoring system utilizes a total stress monitoring value P and a flow debris flow depth monitoring value h which are obtained on a monitoring section D to calculate the volume weight gamma C and the mean velocity VC of the monitored debris flow in real time. The optimized design includes that the debris flow mechanical parameter monitoring system adjusts monitoring data frequency conversion acquisition and sending in accordance with the flow depth monitoring value h and a flow depth change value delta h. The debris flow early warning system realizes debris flow hazard grading early warning according to the peak flow characteristics of the debris flow and determines the expected time of the occurrence of the debris flow. The debris flow mechanical parameter monitoring system can perform real-time and frequency conversion monitoring and sending of characteristic indicators such as the flow depth, the velocity, the peak flow and the volume weight of the debris flow. The debris flow early warning system can realize the analysis of the debris flow mechanical parameter characteristics and the early warning of the occurrence of the debris flow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of debris flow monitoring system and debris flow early-warning system, particularly relate to a kind of debris flow monitoring system and debris flow early-warning system that rubble flow mechanics parameter is monitor value, critical condition of take, belong to disaster monitoring, debris flow control works field.
Background technology
Mud-stone flow disaster alarm, before rubble flow is about to occur or has occurred not yet to arrive explosive area, sends early warning information, for personnel's evacuation egress gains time, and deduction and exemption casualties.Its core is the angles of science monitoring method of the aspects such as Debris flow initiation, formation, motion, and rationally determining disaster generation critical condition.
Monitoring occurs rubble flow is the important of disaster prevention field with early warning always, current technical method mainly comprises three major types type: the first kind is by ccd sensor (taking a picture or video recording), rubble flow raceway groove to be monitored, whether intuitive judgment rubble flow occurs, and the scale occurring etc.The video capture sensor of the method based on GPRS technology can only BR rubble flow generation area photo, the image that provides rubble flow whether to occur, is difficult to the precaution alarm information of quantitative, and often in rainy night, is difficult to ensure normal operation, be difficult to obtaining information, easily cause disaster to fail to report; Equations of The Second Kind is to using rainfall as the monitoring and pre-alarming method of controlling parameter, mainly by rain gage, records real-time rainfall data, and the model that recycling disaster generation event and rainfall parameter (being mainly rainfall amount and rainfall duration) statistical study are set up, carries out early warning.These class methods need the precision of larger sample guarantee forecast, in addition the area differentiation of catchment basin of debris flow geology and geomorphologic conditions, rainfall duration one intensity curve of zones of different has larger difference, is difficult in modeling sample region application in addition, and its promotion and application are subject to larger restriction; The 3rd class is to using soil moisture as the monitoring and pre-alarming method of controlling parameter, and mainly the relation with soil strength by soil moisture (comprising soil body water cut, soil body pore water pressure etc.), judges that rubble flow occurs.These class methods have just been considered this link of damage of soil body in debris flow formation process, consider to destroy the soil body and form the process of rubble flow with surface water coupling, thus can not answer that disaster alarm is concerned about most similar " can damage of soil body form rubble flow? " series of problems.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of monitoring system of rubble flow mechanics parameter is provided, and this system can be monitored characteristic indexs such as rubble flow flow depth, flow velocity, peak flow, severes.And provide a kind of debris flow early-warning system realizing based on dynamics of debris flow parameter monitoring and condition distinguishing simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, first the present invention provides a kind of rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring system, and its technical scheme is as follows:
A rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring system, arranges monitoring section D, the rubble flow mean flow rate V on Real-Time Monitoring section D in rubble flow raceway groove Circulation Area
cwith rubble flow severe γ
c, it is characterized in that: according to following steps, implement:
Step S1, layout monitoring section D
Determine Circulation Area, explosive area scope in rubble flow raceway groove, in Circulation Area, arrange monitoring section D;
Background parameter is determined in step S2, investigation
The gradient I of place, monitoring section D place is determined in field investigation
c, monitoring section D width B, rubble flow bed roughness n
c, the maximum safety excretion of external resistance Coefficient m, downstream raceway groove flow Q
p, monitoring section D is to the distance L in rubble flow raceway groove explosive area;
Step S3, installation monitoring system
Monitoring system is installed, and described monitoring system comprises control center and the monitoring sensor connecting with radio communication,
Described monitoring sensor is arranged on monitoring section D place, comprises the ultrasound wave mud level sensor of the total stress sensor that is embedded in monitoring section D ditch bed and monitoring section D top, and described total stress sensor and ultrasound wave mud level sensor are in same vertical axes;
Step S4, the monitoring of rubble flow mechanics parameter
When step S41, rubble flow occur, monitoring sensor Real-time Collection Bing Xiang control center sends rubble flow flow depth monitor value h and total stress monitor value P;
The rubble flow severe γ that step S42, control center are calculated on monitoring section D according to formula 1
c:
In formula, h-rubble flow flow depth monitor value, m, step S41 determines
I
cplace ,-monitoring section D place gradient, step S2 determines
N
c-rubble flow bed roughness, step S2 determines
P-total stress monitor value, kpa, step S41 determines
G-acceleration of gravity constant;
Step S43, control center are according to rubble flow severe γ
cjudgement Types of Debris Flow:
If 1.0 < γ
c< 1.3, are judged as hyper-concentration flow
If 1.3≤γ
c< 1.6, are judged as diluted debris flow
If 1.6≤γ
c< 1.9, are judged as transitional rubble flow
If γ
c>=1.9, be judged as viscous mud-flow;
The rubble flow mean flow rate V on monitoring section D calculates according to formula in step S44, control center
cif: hyper-concentration flow, according to formula 2, calculate, if diluted debris flow calculates according to formula 3, if transitional rubble flow or viscous mud-flow calculate according to formula 4:
V
c=(H
c 2/3* I
c 1/2)/n
cformula 4
In formula, n-Manning coefficient, value 0.05
R
h-hydraulic radius, m, according to formula 5 calculative determinations
I
cplace ,-monitoring section D place gradient, step S2 determines
M-external resistance coefficient, step S2 determines
γ
h-rubble flow solid matter proportion, value 2.65tm
-3
Φ-rubble flow correction factor, according to formula 6 calculative determinations
R-rubble flow hydraulic radius, m, by rubble flow flow depth monitor value, h replaces
H
c-be mud bit depth, m, by rubble flow flow depth monitor value, h replaces
N
c-rubble flow bed roughness, step S2 determines
φ=(γ
c-1)/(γ
h-γ
c) formula 6
In formula, h-rubble flow flow depth monitor value, m, step S41 determines
B-monitoring section D width, m, step S2 determines
γ
crubble flow severe on-monitoring section D, gcm
-1, step S42 determines.
Above-mentioned debris flow monitoring system be take dynamics of debris flow index as monitoring target.System utilization is embedded in the species flux of the total stress sensor measurement raceway groove section of monitoring section ditch bed bottom, utilizes the ultrasonic range finder of total stress sensor top to measure the rubble flow flow depth in same site.On this basis, control center utilizes calculating formula measuring and calculating to obtain the real-time rubble flow mean flow rate V on rubble flow raceway groove monitoring section D
cwith rubble flow severe γ
c, realize the Real-Time Monitoring to this two index.At rubble flow mean flow rate V
cduring calculating, under different severe, the fluid properties of rubble flow and the difference of fluidised form, be divided into several specific situations by the flow relocity calculation of rubble flow and distinguish in detail, calculated, with accuracy and the preciseness that guarantees that rate of flow of fluid calculates.Also can make monitoring terminal have judgement accurately to the character of rubble flow simultaneously.
Above-mentioned monitoring system, monitoring section D is arranged in raceway groove transverse shape rule, raceway groove erosion and deposition in rubble flow raceway groove Circulation Area and changes the position little, ditch bed is straight, both sides bank slope is higher and steep.Its objective is the installation of being convenient to ultrasound wave mud level meter, guarantee the accuracy of actual measurement mud position and total stress data, and then calculate the rubble flow flow of science, make the early warning information of issue more effective.
In the flow depth monitoring site of choosing of monitoring section D, in the vertical coordinate axis in this site, arrange upper and lower corresponding ultrasound wave mud level sensor and total stress sensor.Wherein, ultrasound wave mud level sensor supports with rack form, is fixedly mounted on flow depth observation station top, and sensor probe is aimed at ditch bed.Sensor probe is connected with main frame by data line.The equipment such as main frame, solar panels, battery are fixed on integrated bracket, are arranged on safe debris flow gully brae or terrace, and stand base is imbedded ground, and around casting cement is in order to fixing.Solar panels are fixed towards positive orientation, for avoiding thunderbolt, at a top of the trellis, lightning rod are installed.Basement rock ditch bed below the ultrasound wave mud level sensor probe hole of digging a hole, lays total stress sensor at hole embedded set, and sensor stress surface makes progress.Total stress sensor ballast power is fixed, and it is stable to squeeze into setscrew.Along bank slope, to main frame direction, dig tubulation groove, sensor transmissions line connects main frame and total stress sensor along tube seat.Casting concrete fills up hole, reserved certain gap, and finally on hole, backfill covers and fixing anti-impact epoxy fibreglass reinforced plastic cover, and cover plate lower surface and total stress sensor stress surface are immediately.
For debris flow monitoring pre-warning, monitoring index is all the time in variable condition.Monitoring index value and critical condition threshold value differ larger, and the possibility that critical catastrophe occurs under this state is just less, therefore can suitably reduce monitoring frequency and collection control dynamics, save the power consumption of electric power, lowering apparatus operation, are convenient to field long-play.Monitoring index value more approaches critical condition threshold value, and the possibility that critical catastrophe occurs under this state is just larger, and more easily faces calamity sudden change, causes potential disaster.Thereby the monitoring index value that more approaches critical condition threshold value more has monitoring and the break-up value of particular importance, for this part data of the intensive monitoring of emphasis, in disaster monitoring early warning, seem particularly important.But in existing debris flow monitoring pre-warning, this class situation is often out in the cold, the variation of the monitoring index of approach to criticality condition threshold value is not given enough attention, intensive monitoring, causes thus the omission that transient data is changed to observe, cause huge loss.Therefore, take frequency conversion collection and transmission technology, the monitor data within the scope of key monitoring predetermined threshold value, analyzing and processing the condition of a disaster, guarantees higher early warning accuracy rate in time, reduces wrong report, rate of failing to report.Based on this, the present invention is optimized above-mentioned monitoring system, specifically according to the real-time change feature of rubble flow flow depth, Monitoring Data is carried out to frequency conversion collection and frequency conversion transmission, to improve accuracy and the using value of monitoring system.Its concrete technical scheme is as follows:
Above-mentioned rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring system, in step S3, after monitoring system firmware is installed, at the preset rubble flow flow depth threshold value H of control center
p, rubble flow flow depth threshold value H
paccording to formula 7 calculative determinations:
In formula, Q
pthe maximum safety excretion of-downstream raceway groove flow, m
3s
-1, step S2 is definite,
V
crubble flow mean flow rate on-monitoring section D, ms
-1, step S4 is definite,
B-monitoring section D width, m, step S2 determines.
In step S4, when rubble flow occurs, control center calculates in real time rubble flow flow depth changing value Δ h and according to flow depth criterion, selects the data collection cycle T to rubble flow flow depth monitor value h and total stress monitor value P of monitoring sensor described in working sensor mode decision
1with data transmitting period T
2:
Rubble flow flow depth changing value Δ h is according to formula 8 calculative determinations:
△ h=h
t-h
t-1formula 8
In formula, h
t-t rubble flow flow depth monitor value constantly, m
H
t-1-t-1 rubble flow flow depth monitor value constantly, m
Flow depth criterion and working sensor mode selecting method are as shown in table 1:
Table 1 flow depth criterion and working sensor mode selecting method
In the frequency conversion collection and frequency conversion sending method of above-mentioned Monitoring Data, control center is according to the rubble flow flow depth data that collect, analyze current mudstone flow depth stream variation characteristic (comprising flow depth monitor value h and flow depth changing value Δ h), and approach the degree of threshold limit value.If current rubble flow flow depth feature approaches threshold limit value and improves data acquisition and transmission frequency, otherwise reduce.In this process, control center adopts two-stage flow depth criterion to differentiate: the first order is h criterion, for judging current flow depth total amount, thus specified data collection period T
1, the second level is Δ h criterion, for judging flow depth intensity of variation, specified data sends cycle T thus
2.The principle that is designed to two-stage condition distinguishing is: in first order criterion, the judgment condition h of first level can reflect the scale of rubble flow indirectly.If h is from predetermined threshold value H
pdiffer far away, the probability that shows to occur under this state disaster is less, if h value more approaches critical condition threshold value, the possibility that critical catastrophe occurs under this state is just larger, and more easily faces calamity and suddenly change, and causes potential disaster.Second level criterion is supplementing first order criterion.Second level criterion Δ h can reflect the degree of debris flow scale sudden change (increase sharply or fall sharply).When Δ h changes not quite, show that flow depth overcurrent is stable, there is not the state that flow increases sharply, the probability that critical catastrophe occurs is less; Δ h changes greatly, shows flow generation surge state, and the possibility that critical catastrophe occurs is larger, needs key monitoring.Two-stage criterion, in conjunction with operation, can effectively improve the accuracy rate of forecast, the wrong report while especially reducing Monitoring Data approach to criticality threshold condition, fails to report.
Take above-mentioned rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring system as basic, the present invention further provides a kind of debris flow early-warning system, realize the grading forewarning system that rubble flow is occurred, its technical scheme is as follows:
A debris flow early-warning system of utilizing above-mentioned rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring system to realize, realizes grading forewarning system to rubble flow generation scale, it is characterized in that:
Step S5, the early warning of rubble flow generation scale
Described control center calculates rubble flow peak flow Q in real time
c, according to Q
cwith the maximum safety excretion of downstream raceway groove flow Q
pbetween flow judging condition determine rubble flow generation scale and warning level;
Described rubble flow peak flow Q
caccording to formula 9 calculative determinations:
Q
c=V
chB formula 9
In formula, V
crubble flow mean flow rate on-monitoring section D, ms
-1, step S4 determines
Rubble flow flow depth monitor value on h-monitoring section D, m, step S4 is definite,
B-monitoring section D width, m, step S2 determines;
Described flow judging condition and warning level are as shown in table 2:
Table 2 rubble flow flow judging condition and warning level
When debris flow early-warning rank enter yellow, when orange, red, control center sends out respectively debris flow early-warning signal corresponding.
The above-mentioned debris flow early-warning system rubble flow mean flow rate V that monitoring is obtained based on rubble flow kinetic parameter monitoring system
cdata in conjunction with the geometric properties of monitoring section D, can determine rubble flow flow, the scale of causing disaster, the order of severity of prediction mud-stone flow disaster, and finally determine 0 grade → yellow → orange → red level Four mud-stone flow disaster rank.
The ultimate principle of above-mentioned debris flow early-warning system is, the generation scale of rubble flow not only needs to consider that rubble flow raceway groove forms the material total amount of starting under condition of raining, the mud collecting, sand, soil, stone, water in district, therefore also need to consider whether these materials can finally flow to the explosive area in raceway groove with certain speed simultaneously, need to consider rubble flow severe to mud-rock flow movement characteristic and finally form the impact of scale.The material total amount that existing technology is collected from when starting is mostly divided rubble flow rank, the data of surveying are like this not necessarily accurate, it is the degree rank of potential hazard, the extent of injury that can not accurately reflect the part rubble flow directly working the mischief, may a part can deposit at Upstream section, upstream prevention and cure project is stopped, can not directly to downstream, work the mischief.Near the rubble flow flow in the Circulation Area in rubble flow explosive area, can intuitively reflect really that rubble flow is to the direct extent of injury in downstream.The rubble flow characteristic of fluid of heterogeneity (for example severe) is different, so flow velocity, flow have very large difference.The rubble flow flow recording and the maximum safety excretion of downstream raceway groove flow are compared, can scientifically weigh the extent of injury rank that provides rubble flow.
Above-mentioned rubble flow stream early warning system, when control center's judgement debris flow early-warning rank is yellow or orange or red, can further calculates rubble flow time of origin and send time alarm.Rubble flow time of origin refers to that rubble flow moves to the time in the explosive area in downstream, raceway groove Circulation Area from monitoring section D, and concrete grammar is:
Implementation step S6 when control center's judgement debris flow early-warning rank is yellow or orange or red;
Step S6, the early warning of rubble flow time of origin
According to formula 10 measuring and calculating rubble flow, there is T expeced time in control center
c:
T
c=L/V
cformula 10
In formula, L-monitoring section D is to the distance in rubble flow raceway groove explosive area, m, and step S2 determines
V
crubble flow mean flow rate on one monitoring section D, ms
-1, step S4 determines.
Above-mentioned rubble flow stream early warning system, when control center's judgement debris flow early-warning rank is yellow or orange or red, definite Types of Debris Flow information in while issuing steps S43.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) provides a kind of debris flow monitoring system that can simultaneously monitor characteristic indexs such as rubble flow flow depth, flow velocity, peak flow, severes; (2) monitoring system can adopt frequency conversion collection, record, transmitted signal technology, according to actual conditions frequency conversion, gather rubble flow kinetic parameter, the entire flow that monitoring rubble flow occurs, constantly updates and checking monitoring information, and monitoring and warning information is accurately provided reliably; (3) provide a kind of debris flow early-warning system, this system can be according to rubble flow mean flow rate V
cdata are also determined the scale of causing disaster of rubble flow in conjunction with the geometric properties of monitoring section D, realize grading forewarning system, and by grading forewarning system algorithm design, reduce the probability that mud-stone flow disaster wrong report is failed to report, and improve the accuracy of early warning.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1-1st, rubble flow raceway groove elevation map.
Fig. 1-2 is monitoring section D position view (in figure, I, II, III, IV represent respectively source area in rubble flow raceway groove, forms district, Circulation Area, explosive area).
Fig. 1-3rd, monitoring section D upper sensor scheme of installation.
Fig. 1-4th, total stress sensor embedding structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 1-5th, stadimeter serial ports RS485 receives data algorithm process flow diagram.
Fig. 1-6th, frequency acquisition regulates programmed algorithm process flow diagram.
Fig. 2-1st, debris flow early-warning data analysis process flow diagram.
Fig. 2-2nd, data early warning Processing Algorithm process flow diagram.
Figure notation in accompanying drawing is respectively:
1 total stress sensor 2 ultrasound wave mud level sensor 3 anti-impact epoxy fibreglass reinforced plastic covers
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described.
Embodiment mono-
As shown in Fig. 1-1～Fig. 1-6, a kind of rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring system.
Step S1, layout monitoring section D
Fig. 1-1st, rubble flow raceway groove elevation map; Fig. 1-2 is monitoring section D position view.In rubble flow raceway groove Circulation Area, select raceway groove transverse shape rule, raceway groove erosion and deposition change little, ditch bed is straight, position that both sides bank slope is higher and steep arranges monitoring section D.
Background parameter is determined in step S2, investigation
Field investigation, determines the gradient I of place, monitoring section D place
c=14.1%, monitoring section D width B=30m, rubble flow bed roughness n
c=0.14, external resistance Coefficient m=7.0, the maximum safety excretion of downstream raceway groove flow Q
p=2400m
3s
-1, monitoring section D is to the distance L=3000m in rubble flow raceway groove explosive area.
Step S3, installation monitoring system
Monitoring system is installed, and monitoring system comprises control center and the monitoring sensor connecting with radio communication.
Fig. 1-3rd, monitoring section D upper sensor scheme of installation.Monitoring sensor is arranged on monitoring section D place, comprises the ultrasound wave mud level sensor 2 of the total stress sensor 1 that is embedded in monitoring section D ditch bed and monitoring section D top, described total stress sensor 1 with ultrasound wave mud level sensor 2 in same vertical axes.
Fig. 1-4th, total stress sensor embedding structure schematic diagram.Total stress sensor 1 is embedded in described monitoring section D ditch bed hole, and sensor stress surface upwards.On hole, cover anti-impact epoxy fibreglass reinforced plastic cover 3, anti-impact epoxy fibreglass reinforced plastic cover 3 lower surfaces and total stress sensor 1 stress surface are immediately.
In present embodiment, ultrasound wave mud level sensor range 30m, distinguish rate 1mm, precision ± 0.2%, use modbus agreement and upper single-chip microcomputer to communicate.Total stress sensor adopts vibrating wire pressure sensor, range 500KPa, resolution (%FS)≤0.08, composition error (%FS)≤2.0.Vibrating wire pressure sensor needs frequency of utilization change-over circuit to convert the sine wave of output to square wave, exports to upper single-chip microcomputer.
Sensor power supply plan: sensor and single-chip microcomputer etc. have strict demand to power supply, the output voltage of solar panel is subject to illumination effect, export unstable, can not directly export to accumulator and system uses, the output voltage of accumulator is also subject to the impact of battery electric quantity simultaneously, and directly supply circuit is used, and therefore needs a solar-electricity pool controller to regulate the output voltage of solar cell to stable 12V, limit charging current simultaneously, prevent from overcharging accumulator is caused damage.To carry out step-down and limit its output current the output voltage of accumulator simultaneously, to meet the supply voltage of single-chip microcomputer and sensor.Consider that accumulator wants continuation power supply, the in the situation that of bad weather, solar panel cannot charge, and therefore needs the accumulator that selection capacity is larger.Solar-electricity pool controller adopts classical Switching Power Supply, has higher efficiency, has reduced the electric quantity consumption of accumulator.
At the preset rubble flow flow depth threshold value H of control center
p, according to formula 7 calculative determination H
p=9.0m.
Step S4, the monitoring of rubble flow mechanics parameter
Fig. 1-5th, stadimeter serial ports RS485 receives data algorithm process flow diagram.When rubble flow occurs, monitoring sensor Real-time Collection Bing Xiang control center sends rubble flow flow depth monitor value h and total stress monitor value P.The rubble flow severe γ that control center is calculated on monitoring section D according to formula 1
c.
At t-1 constantly, record total stress monitor value P=117kpa, flow depth monitor value h=6m, via formula 1, calculate the upper rubble flow severe γ of this moment monitoring section D
c=1.95gcm
-1.
According to rubble flow severe γ
c=1.95gcm
-1, determine that Types of Debris Flow is viscous mud-flow.
According to the rubble flow mean flow rate V on formula 4 calculative determination monitoring section D
c=(H
c 2/3* I
c 1/2)/n
c=8.9ms
-1.
At t constantly, record total stress monitor value P=120.9kpa, flow depth monitor value h=6.2m.
Rubble flow flow depth changing value Δ h calculates according to formula 8 in real time in control center, has Δ h=0.2m.
Fig. 1-6th, frequency acquisition regulates programmed algorithm process flow diagram.Control center is according to the data collection cycle T to rubble flow flow depth monitor value h and total stress monitor value P of monitoring sensor described in flow depth criterion selection working sensor mode decision
1with data transmitting period T
2.
At t constantly, h=6.2m, Δ h=0.2m, supervisory system should be selected mode of operation one (in Table 1), concrete data collection cycle T
1=5min, data transmitting period T
2=10min.
Embodiment bis-
The debris flow early-warning system realizing on embodiment mono-rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring system basis.Fig. 2-1st, debris flow early-warning data analysis process flow diagram.
Step S1～step S4 is according to embodiment mono-Content Implementation.
Step S5, the early warning of rubble flow generation scale
Fig. 2-2nd, data early warning Processing Algorithm process flow diagram.Control center is in real time according to formula 9 measuring and calculating rubble flow peak flow Q
c, and according to Q
cwith the maximum safety excretion of downstream raceway groove flow Q
p=2400m
3s
-1between flow judging condition determine rubble flow generation scale and warning level.
At t-1 constantly, V
c=8.9ms
-1, γ
c=1.95gcm
-1, h=6m, now, Q
c=1602m
3s
-1, listed according to table 2, system is issued yellow early warning.
Step S6, the early warning of rubble flow time of origin
According to formula 10 measuring and calculating rubble flow, there is T expeced time in control center
c, have T
c=337s, shows t-1 constantly, and rubble flow will arrive explosive area in 337s.
It is viscous mud-flow by the Types of Debris Flow of generation that control center determines simultaneously.
Claims (7)
1. a rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring system, arranges monitoring section D, the rubble flow mean flow rate V on Real-Time Monitoring section D in rubble flow raceway groove Circulation Area
cwith rubble flow severe γ
c, it is characterized in that: according to following steps, implement:
Step S1, layout monitoring section D
Determine Circulation Area, explosive area scope in rubble flow raceway groove, in Circulation Area, arrange monitoring section D;
Background parameter is determined in step S2, investigation
The gradient I of place, monitoring section D place is determined in field investigation
c, monitoring section D width B, rubble flow bed roughness n
c, the maximum safety excretion of external resistance Coefficient m, downstream raceway groove flow, monitoring section D is to the distance L in rubble flow raceway groove explosive area;
Step S3, installation monitoring system
Monitoring system is installed, and described monitoring system comprises control center and the monitoring sensor connecting with radio communication,
Described monitoring sensor is arranged on monitoring section D place, the ultrasound wave mud level sensor (2) that comprises the total stress sensor (1) that is embedded in monitoring section D ditch bed and monitoring section D top, described total stress sensor (1) with ultrasound wave mud level sensor (2) in same vertical axes;
Step S4, the monitoring of rubble flow mechanics parameter
When step S41, rubble flow occur, monitoring sensor Real-time Collection Bing Xiang control center sends rubble flow flow depth monitor value h and total stress monitor value P;
The rubble flow severe γ that step S42, control center are calculated on monitoring section D according to formula 1
c:
formula 1
In formula, h-rubble flow flow depth monitor value, m, step S41 determines
I
cplace ,-monitoring section D place gradient, step S2 determines
N
c-rubble flow bed roughness, step S2 determines
P-total stress monitor value, kpa, step S41 determines
G-acceleration of gravity constant;
Step S43, control center are according to rubble flow severe γ
cjudgement Types of Debris Flow:
If 1.0 < γ
c< 1.3, are judged as hyper-concentration flow
If 1.3≤γ
c< 1.6, are judged as diluted debris flow
If 1.6≤γ
c< 1.9, are judged as transitional rubble flow
If γ
c>=1.9, be judged as viscous mud-flow;
The rubble flow mean flow rate V on monitoring section D calculates according to formula in step S44, control center
cif: hyper-concentration flow, according to formula 2, calculate, if diluted debris flow calculates according to formula 3, if transitional rubble flow or viscous mud-flow calculate according to formula 4:
formula 2
formula 3
V
c=(H
c 2/3* I
c 1/2)/n
cformula 4
In formula, n-Manning coefficient, value 0.05
R
h-hydraulic radius, m, according to formula 5 calculative determinations
I
cplace ,-monitoring section D place gradient, step S2 determines
M-external resistance coefficient, step S2 determines
γ
h-rubble flow solid matter proportion, value 2.65tm
-3
Φ-rubble flow correction factor, according to formula 6 calculative determinations
R-rubble flow hydraulic radius, m, by rubble flow flow depth monitor value, h replaces
H
c-be mud bit depth, m, by rubble flow flow depth monitor value, h replaces
N
c-rubble flow bed roughness, step S2 determines
formula 5
φ=(γ
c-1)/(γ
h-γ
c) formula 6
In formula, h-rubble flow flow depth monitor value, m, step S41 determines
B-monitoring section D width, m, step S2 determines
γ
crubble flow severe on-monitoring section D, gcm
-1, step S42 determines.
2. monitoring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
In described step S3, after monitoring system firmware is installed, at the preset rubble flow flow depth threshold value H of control center
p, rubble flow flow depth threshold value H
paccording to formula 7 calculative determinations:
formula 7
In formula, Q
pthe maximum safety excretion of-downstream raceway groove flow, m
3s
-1, step S2 is definite,
γ
crubble flow mean flow rate on-monitoring section D, ms
-1, step S4 is definite,
B-monitoring section D width, m, step S2 determines.
In described step S4, when rubble flow occurs, control center calculates in real time rubble flow flow depth changing value Δ h and according to flow depth criterion, selects the data collection cycle T to rubble flow flow depth monitor value h and total stress monitor value P of monitoring sensor described in working sensor mode decision
1with data transmitting period T
2;
Described rubble flow flow depth changing value Δ h is according to formula 8 calculative determinations:
△ h=h
t-h
t-1formula 8
In formula, h
t-t rubble flow flow depth monitor value constantly, m
H
t-1-t-1 rubble flow flow depth monitor value constantly, m
Described flow depth criterion and working sensor mode selecting method are as shown in table 1:
Table 1 flow depth criterion and working sensor mode selecting method
。
3. monitoring system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described monitoring section D is arranged in raceway groove transverse shape rule, raceway groove erosion and deposition in rubble flow raceway groove Circulation Area and changes the position little, ditch bed is straight, both sides bank slope is higher and steep.
4. monitoring system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described total stress sensor (1) is embedded in described monitoring section D ditch bed hole, and sensor stress surface upwards; On described hole, cover anti-impact epoxy fibreglass reinforced plastic cover (3), anti-impact epoxy fibreglass reinforced plastic cover (3) lower surface and total stress sensor (1) stress surface are immediately.
5. a debris flow early-warning system of utilizing claim 1,2,4 arbitrary described rubble flow mechanics parameter monitoring systems to realize, realizes grading forewarning system to rubble flow generation scale, it is characterized in that:
Step S5, the early warning of rubble flow generation scale
Described control center calculates rubble flow peak flow Q in real time
c, according to Q
cwith the maximum safety excretion of downstream raceway groove flow Q
pbetween flow judging condition determine rubble flow generation scale and warning level;
Described rubble flow peak flow Q
caccording to formula 9 calculative determinations:
Q
c=V
chB formula 9
In formula, V
crubble flow mean flow rate on-monitoring section D, ms
-1, step S4 determines
Rubble flow flow depth monitor value on h-monitoring section D, m, step S4 is definite,
B-monitoring section D width, m, step S2 is definite,
Described flow judging condition and warning level are as shown in table 2:
Table 2 rubble flow flow judging condition and warning level
When debris flow early-warning rank enter yellow, when orange, red, control center sends out respectively debris flow early-warning signal corresponding.
6. early warning system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: implementation step S6 when control center's judgement debris flow early-warning rank is yellow or orange or red;
Step S6, the early warning of rubble flow time of origin
According to formula 10 measuring and calculating rubble flow, there is T expeced time in control center
c:
T
c=L/V
cformula 10
In formula, L-monitoring section D is to the distance in rubble flow raceway groove explosive area, m, and step S2 determines
V
crubble flow mean flow rate on-monitoring section D, ms
-1, step S4 determines.
7. according to the early warning system described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that: when control center's judgement debris flow early-warning rank is yellow or orange or red, definite Types of Debris Flow information in the while issuing steps S43 of control center.
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