CN113557902A - Method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting - Google Patents
Method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113557902A CN113557902A CN202110846108.2A CN202110846108A CN113557902A CN 113557902 A CN113557902 A CN 113557902A CN 202110846108 A CN202110846108 A CN 202110846108A CN 113557902 A CN113557902 A CN 113557902A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of apple tree breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding apple dwarfing rootstocks by cutting. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of breeding apple dwarfing stocks, clipping young shoots of the dwarfing stocks, treating the young shoots with rooting nutrient solution, cutting with nutrient soil, managing in a shed and transplanting in a field; wherein, each liter of rooting nutrient solution contains 3-4g of indolebutyric acid, 20-30g of potassium fulvate, 2-3g of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water; mixing the dissolved indolebutyric acid, potassium fulvate, ferrous sulfate and water to obtain the rooting nutrient solution; dipping the base part of the dwarfing rootstock young shoot in a rooting nutrient solution for 40-50 s. The method has good rooting effect and high transplanting survival rate, and provides a new method and a new way for cultivating dwarf stock seedlings in the apple industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of apple tree breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding apple dwarfing rootstocks by cutting.
Background
Dwarf close planting cultivation is widely adopted in developed countries of the apple industry, dwarf stocks are basically and completely applied to newly built orchards of major apple producing countries in the world at present, most countries account for more than 90% of the total area of apples, and dwarf close planting cultivation is adopted in 100% of European apple production.
The apple seedling stock is widely applied in China, the seedling seedlings are almost used as the stock even if the dwarf interstock is dwarfed, and the apple stock seeds are not considered to transmit viruses in the past. In recent years, the rates of apple rust viruses detected by the seedlings of the Malus micromalus, the Malus spectabilis and the Malus hupehensis are respectively 30%, 26.7% and 100%; the toxicity rate of the catalpa bungei seedlings is 73.3 percent, and the complex infection rate of apple stem pox virus, apple chlorotic leaf spot virus and apple rust virus is 53.3 percent. The main way of culturing virus-free nursery stocks is to breed without seeds.
The breeding of the apple stock excellent variety is mainly carried out by asexual propagation through methods such as layering, grafting, tissue culture, cuttage and the like. The developed national apple rootstocks in the foreign apple industry generally adopt layering propagation. Cuttage is a rapid and simple stock rapid propagation method. However, the problems of low cuttage rooting rate, low propagation speed and insufficient seedling supply generally exist in the existing apple stock rapid propagation method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cutting and breeding apple dwarfing rootstocks is characterized by comprising the steps of breeding apple dwarfing rootstocks, clipping young shoots of the dwarfing rootstocks, treating the young shoots with rooting nutrient solution, cutting with nutrient soil, managing in a shed and transplanting in a field;
wherein, each liter of rooting nutrient solution contains 3-4g of indolebutyric acid, 20-30g of potassium fulvate, 2-3g of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water; mixing the dissolved indolebutyric acid, potassium fulvate, ferrous sulfate and water to obtain the rooting nutrient solution; dipping the base part of the dwarfing rootstock young shoot in a rooting nutrient solution for 40-50 s.
Further, the dwarfing rootstock is G935 or CL 426.
Further, the length of the cut dwarfing rootstock young shoots is 8-10 cm.
Further, the nutrient soil is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
70-80 parts of turf nutrient soil, 8-10 parts of potassium fulvate and 5-6 parts of polyglutamic acid.
Furthermore, the moisture content of the nutrient soil is 8-10%.
Further, the conditions for in-shed management include: the relative humidity is 70-95%, the daytime temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is more than 15 ℃.
Further, transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 18-20 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, indolebutyric acid, potassium fulvate and ferrous sulfate are compounded to prepare the rooting nutrient solution, the dwarfing stock young shoots are dipped, the rooting capability is excited, the cuttage rooting rate is obviously improved, and the root activity and the cuttage survival rate are further improved by the special nutrient soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the rooting rates of cuttings in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 7.
FIG. 2 shows the survival rates of transplants in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 7.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments, but the invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. The technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples can be commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The invention relates to a method for breeding apple dwarfing stocks by cutting, which comprises the steps of breeding apple dwarfing stocks, clipping young shoots of the dwarfing stocks, treating the young shoots with rooting nutrient solution, cutting with nutrient soil, managing in a shed and transplanting in a field;
wherein, each liter of rooting nutrient solution contains 3-4g of indolebutyric acid, 20-30g of potassium fulvate, 2-3g of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water; mixing the dissolved indolebutyric acid, potassium fulvate, ferrous sulfate and water to obtain the rooting nutrient solution; dipping the base part of the dwarfing rootstock young shoot in a rooting nutrient solution for 40-50 s.
Preferably, the dwarfing rootstock is G935 or CL 426; the length of the cut dwarfing stock young sprout is 8-10 cm; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of turf nutrient soil, 8-10 parts of potassium fulvate and 5-6 parts of polyglutamic acid; the moisture content of the nutrient soil is 8-10%, the nutrient soil is held by hands to form a ball, and the nutrient soil is loosened by loosening the hands; conditions for in-shed management include: the relative humidity is 70-95%, the daytime temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is more than 15 ℃; transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 18-20 cm.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention are set forth in the detailed description that follows.
Example 1: method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting
(1) In G935 or CL426 large nursery, under the precondition of not affecting the variety grafting, 8-10cm of young sprout without virus in the current year is cut, or the young sprout of the paddy is used as the cutting branch, 3-4 leaves are cut at the lower part.
(2) Dipping the base part of the cutting branch in a rooting nutrient solution for 45s, wherein each liter of the rooting nutrient solution contains 3g of indolebutyric acid, 20g of potassium fulvic acid, 2g of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water, and the preparation method is the same as the technical scheme.
(3) Putting nutrient soil into a plastic tray with holes, and inserting the dipped cuttage branches into the nutrient soil for culture, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of turf nutrient soil, 8 parts of potassium fulvate and 5 parts of polyglutamic acid; the water content of the nutrient soil is 8-10%, the whole process is carried out in a shading shed, a shading net is used for shading, and a humidifier is installed.
(4) Managing in the shed under the conditions that: the relative humidity is 70-95%, the daytime temperature is 20-25 ℃, the nighttime temperature is more than 15 ℃, and the seedlings are cultured until the seedlings grow to 18-20cm and transplanted.
(5) Transplanting the rooted tray seedlings with nutrient soil. Planting according to wide and narrow rows at intervals, wherein the plant spacing is 0.3 m, the wide row is 0.8 m, and the narrow row is 0.6 m. The wide row is convenient for production operation. 3175 plants are planted per mu. Transporting the rooted tray seedlings to a field by using a cart, making small ditches with the depth of 15 cm in the planting rows, transplanting the seedlings with nutrient soil to the field according to the plant spacing of 0.3 m, and watering in time. Transplanting in field in 5 months at the temperature not higher than 30 deg.C. Watering once every 10 days after transplanting, and applying 3 kilograms of urea per mu each time, wherein watering is carried out for 5-6 times, and fertilizing is carried out for 2-3 times. When the height of the weeds is 2-5cm, spraying herbicides such as nicosulfuron, diquat, glufosinate and the like (selected according to different weed types). During spraying, the pesticide is pressed down to spray the pesticide, so that the pesticide liquid is not attached to the rootstock. The height of the weeds is more than 5cm, and the weeds are artificially weeded. The height of the nursery stock is more than 50 cm after 2 months, and the variety is grafted 25 cm away from the ground.
Example 2: method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting
The method is basically the same as example 1, except that each liter of rooting nutrient solution contains 3.6g of indolebutyric acid, 25g of potassium fulvate, 2.4g of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water.
Example 3: method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting
Basically the same as example 1, except that each liter of the rooting nutrient solution contains 4g of indolebutyric acid, 30g of potassium fulvate, 3g of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water.
Example 4: method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting
Basically, the method is the same as the example 2, and is characterized in that the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of turf nutrient soil, 9 parts of potassium fulvate and 5.5 parts of polyglutamic acid.
Example 5: method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting
Basically, the method is the same as the example 2, and is characterized in that the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of turf nutrient soil, 10 parts of potassium fulvate and 6 parts of polyglutamic acid.
Example 6: method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting
The difference is basically the same as example 4, in that the apple dwarf rootstock is CL 426.
Comparative example 1
The method is basically the same as example 4, except that each liter of rooting nutrient solution contains 3.6g of indolebutyric acid, and the balance of water.
Comparative example 2
Basically the same as example 4, except that each liter of the rooting nutrient solution contains 25g of potassium fulvate, and the balance of water.
Comparative example 3
The method is basically the same as example 4, except that each liter of rooting nutrient solution contains 2.4g of ferrous sulfate, and the balance of water.
Comparative example 4
Basically the same as example 4, except that each liter of the rooting nutrient solution contains 25g of potassium fulvate, 2.4g of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water.
Comparative example 5
Basically, the method is the same as example 4, except that the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of turf nutrient soil.
Comparative example 6
Basically, the method is the same as example 4, except that the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of turf nutrient soil and 9 parts of potassium fulvate.
Comparative example 7
Basically, the method is the same as example 4, except that the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of turf nutrient soil and 5.5 parts of polyglutamic acid.
100 plants are randomly selected in each of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-7, and after 20 days of culture, the rooting rate of the cuttage branches is counted, and the result is shown in figure 1, and the result shows that the rooting rate of the cuttage branches can be obviously improved by compounding indolebutyric acid, potassium fulvate and ferrous sulfate, and the rooting rate of the cuttage branches is further improved by turf nutrient soil, potassium fulvate and polyglutamic acid.
Transplanting the rooted seedlings of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-7 according to the method, culturing for two months, randomly selecting 100 seedlings, and counting the transplanting survival rate. The results are shown in fig. 2, and the results show that the root activity is enhanced and the survival rate of transplanting is improved due to the root promoting effect of the rooting nutrient solution and the nutrient soil.
Compared with the traditional sawdust layering and tissue culture method, the method of the invention saves land and has low production cost. The production process is simple, the production period is short (the seedling period of sawdust layering is about 12 months, the tissue culture period is about 4 months), the rapid propagation of the apple dwarfing stocks G935 and CL426 is realized, the higher survival rate is ensured, the excellent characteristics of the apple dwarfing stocks G935 and CL426 are also kept, and a new method and a new approach are provided for cultivating the apple industry dwarfing stock seedlings.
It should be noted that when the following claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that both ends of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two ends can be selected, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described for the purpose of avoiding redundancy.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cutting and breeding apple dwarfing rootstocks is characterized by comprising the steps of breeding apple dwarfing rootstocks, clipping young shoots of the dwarfing rootstocks, treating the young shoots with rooting nutrient solution, cutting with nutrient soil, managing in a shed and transplanting in a field;
wherein, each liter of rooting nutrient solution contains 3-4g of indolebutyric acid, 20-30g of potassium fulvate, 2-3g of ferrous sulfate and the balance of water; mixing the dissolved indolebutyric acid, potassium fulvate, ferrous sulfate and water to obtain the rooting nutrient solution; dipping the base part of the dwarfing rootstock young shoot in a rooting nutrient solution for 40-50 s.
2. The method for cuttage propagation of apple dwarfing rootstock according to claim 1, characterized in that the dwarfing rootstock is G935 or CL 426.
3. The method for cuttage propagation of the apple dwarfing rootstock according to claim 2, characterized in that the length of the cut dwarfing rootstock young shoots is 8-10 cm.
4. The method for cuttage propagation of the apple dwarfing rootstock according to claim 3, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared from the following components in parts by mass:
70-80 parts of turf nutrient soil, 8-10 parts of potassium fulvate and 5-6 parts of polyglutamic acid.
5. The method for cuttage propagation of the apple dwarfing rootstock according to claim 4, characterized in that the moisture content of the nutrient soil is 8-10%.
6. The method for cuttage propagation of apple dwarfing rootstock according to claim 5, characterized in that the conditions for management in the shed include: the relative humidity is 70-95%, the daytime temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is more than 15 ℃.
7. The method for cuttage propagation of the apple dwarfing rootstock according to claim 6, characterized in that the seedlings grow to 18-20cm for transplantation.
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| CN202110846108.2A CN113557902A (en) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | Method for breeding apple dwarf stocks by cutting |
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020002717P1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2002-01-03 | National Institute Of Fruit Tree Science Ministry Of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries | Apple rootstock named 'jm1' |
| CN104663345A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | 山东省果树研究所 | Twig cuttage propagation method and rooting agent composite for apple dwarf stock |
| CN105294354A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Biomass charcoal-containing fertilizer assistant and application thereof |
| CN106187496A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 董向波 | A kind of preparation method fertile containing humic acid water-soluble with effect of taking root |
| CN106278612A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 刘鹏 | A kind of synergist preparation method containing amino-acid liquid Water soluble fertilizer of taking root |
| CN106278613A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 刘鹏 | A kind of synergist preparation method containing humic acid liquid Water soluble fertilizer of taking root |
| CN107641045A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-30 | 南京轩凯生物科技有限公司 | A kind of composite synergist and its application containing polyglutamic acid and potassium fulvate |
| CN111285736A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-16 | 郑州先利达化工有限公司 | Pesticide-fertilizer composition containing potassium phosphite, mineral potassium fulvate and polyglutamic acid |
| CN112640908A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-13 | 青岛农业大学 | Rooting agent for cuttage breeding of apple dwarf stock M9T337, preparation method and breeding method |
-
2021
- 2021-07-26 CN CN202110846108.2A patent/CN113557902A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020002717P1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2002-01-03 | National Institute Of Fruit Tree Science Ministry Of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries | Apple rootstock named 'jm1' |
| CN104663345A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | 山东省果树研究所 | Twig cuttage propagation method and rooting agent composite for apple dwarf stock |
| CN105294354A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Biomass charcoal-containing fertilizer assistant and application thereof |
| CN106187496A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 董向波 | A kind of preparation method fertile containing humic acid water-soluble with effect of taking root |
| CN107641045A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-30 | 南京轩凯生物科技有限公司 | A kind of composite synergist and its application containing polyglutamic acid and potassium fulvate |
| CN106278612A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 刘鹏 | A kind of synergist preparation method containing amino-acid liquid Water soluble fertilizer of taking root |
| CN106278613A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 刘鹏 | A kind of synergist preparation method containing humic acid liquid Water soluble fertilizer of taking root |
| CN111285736A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-16 | 郑州先利达化工有限公司 | Pesticide-fertilizer composition containing potassium phosphite, mineral potassium fulvate and polyglutamic acid |
| CN112640908A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-13 | 青岛农业大学 | Rooting agent for cuttage breeding of apple dwarf stock M9T337, preparation method and breeding method |
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