CN113547893B - Vehicle and thermal management system thereof - Google Patents
Vehicle and thermal management system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113547893B CN113547893B CN202111056436.9A CN202111056436A CN113547893B CN 113547893 B CN113547893 B CN 113547893B CN 202111056436 A CN202111056436 A CN 202111056436A CN 113547893 B CN113547893 B CN 113547893B
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- heat exchange
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a vehicle and a thermal management system thereof, the thermal management system having a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, comprising: the battery pack heat exchange module comprises a battery pack; the refrigeration module comprises a cooler, wherein in a first working mode, an outlet and an inlet of a cooled medium of the cooler are respectively communicated with an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack, and the refrigeration module is configured to provide a refrigerant for the cooler to cool the cooled medium in the first working mode; the motor electric control heat exchange module comprises a motor electric control system and a radiator, wherein an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system are respectively communicated with an outlet and an inlet of a heat exchange medium of the radiator; and the control module comprises a control valve group and a controller, wherein the control valve group is configured to switch the working mode of the thermal management system according to a control signal sent by the controller.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of engineering machinery, and in particular, to a vehicle and a thermal management system thereof.
Background
With the development of the engineering machinery field to the new energy technology. The trend of the engineering machinery such as the excavator and the loader is more remarkable. The thermal management system of the electric engineering machinery comprises a thermal management system of a battery pack, a thermal management system of a motor electric control system and an air conditioning system of a cab. Because the performance, service life and reliability of the battery pack and the motor electric control system are greatly affected by temperature, the thermal management of the battery pack and the motor electric control system is not critical to new requirements, and how to construct a thermal management system of the electric engineering machinery integrating energy conservation, high efficiency, comfort and safety becomes an important problem.
In the known related technology, a motor electric control system and a temperature control system of a battery pack are mainly constructed based on a liquid cooling mode, wherein the battery pack mainly adopts an air conditioning system for refrigeration and a plate heat exchanger for heat dissipation, and the battery pack mainly adopts a heating film of the battery pack for heating, so that other heat dissipation or heating modes are lacked, and the cost is high; the cooling circulation loop for cooling the battery pack and the motor electric control system in the thermal management system is arranged relatively independently, so that the elements are more, and the waste heat generated by the motor electric control system is difficult to fully utilize. In addition, in the known related art, the air conditioning system of the cab heats slowly, affects the operation comfort, and has high energy consumption, which is not beneficial to reducing the cost and prolonging the continuous working time of the engineering machinery.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle and a thermal management system thereof.
A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a thermal management system for a vehicle having a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, the thermal management system comprising:
the battery pack heat exchange module comprises a battery pack;
a refrigeration module including a cooler, in the first operation mode, an outlet and an inlet of a cooled medium of the cooler being respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack, the refrigeration module being configured to supply a refrigerant to the cooler to cool the cooled medium in the first operation mode;
the motor electric control heat exchange module comprises a motor electric control system and a radiator, wherein an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system are respectively communicated with an outlet and an inlet of a heat exchange medium of the radiator; and
the control module comprises a control valve group and a controller, wherein the controller is in signal connection with the control valve group, and the control valve group is configured to switch the working mode of the thermal management system according to a control signal sent by the controller.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
the refrigeration module further comprises a compressor, a condenser and a first expansion valve, wherein the compressor, the condenser, the first expansion valve and the cooler are sequentially connected to form a first refrigeration loop, and the first refrigeration loop is configured to refrigerate the battery pack in the first working mode;
the refrigeration module further includes a second expansion valve and an evaporator, the compressor, the condenser, the second expansion valve, and the evaporator being connected in sequence to form a second refrigeration circuit configured to refrigerate a cab of the vehicle with gas flowing through the evaporator.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the thermal management system further has a third mode of operation, the thermal management system further comprising a heating module comprising a heat exchange medium heater, in which the outlet and inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater are in communication with the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack, respectively.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
the heating module further comprises a warm air core body and a gas heater, wherein an outlet and an inlet of a heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater are respectively communicated with the inlet of the warm air core body and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack so as to heat gas flowing through the warm air core body through the heated medium, and the gas heater is arranged on the warm air core body so as to directly heat the gas flowing through the warm air core body;
In the third working mode, the outlet of the warm air core body is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack, the heat exchange medium heater, the warm air core body and the battery pack are sequentially connected to form a first heating loop, and the first heating loop is configured to heat the battery pack and/or a cab of the vehicle.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
in the second working mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack;
in the third working mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
the control valve group comprises a first control valve, a second valve port, a third valve port and a fourth valve port, wherein the first valve port of the first control valve is connected with an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack and an inlet of a heat dissipation medium of the radiator, the second valve port of the first control valve is connected with an inlet of a cooled medium of the cooler, the third valve port of the first control valve is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack and an inlet of a heated medium of the heater, and the fourth valve port of the first control valve is connected with an outlet of the heated medium of the heater;
In the first working mode, the first valve port of the first control valve is communicated with the second valve port of the first control valve, the third valve port of the first control valve is communicated with the fourth valve port of the first control valve, in the second working mode, the first valve port of the first control valve is communicated with the fourth valve port of the first control valve, the second valve port of the first control valve is communicated with the third valve port of the first control valve, in the third working mode, the first valve port of the first control valve is communicated with the third valve port of the first control valve, and the second valve port of the first control valve is communicated with the fourth valve port of the first control valve.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the thermal management system further comprises a temperature detection module configured to obtain temperature data of the battery pack and/or the motor electric control system, and the controller is configured to send a control signal to the control valve group to switch an operation mode of the thermal management system according to the temperature data.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the temperature detection module includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor for detecting temperatures of an outlet and an inlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack, respectively, the controller is configured to:
When the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is higher than the temperature of the inlet, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is larger than or equal to the refrigerating temperature difference limit value, a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the first working mode is sent to the control valve group;
when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is higher than the temperature of the inlet, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is between the refrigerating temperature difference limit value and the heating temperature difference limit value, a control signal for enabling the heat management system to be in the second working mode is sent to the control valve group, and the refrigerating temperature difference limit value is larger than the heating temperature difference limit value;
and when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is higher than the temperature of the inlet, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is smaller than or equal to the heating temperature difference limit value, or when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is lower than the temperature of the inlet, a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the third working mode is sent to the control valve group.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
the temperature detection module further comprises a third temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system, and the controller is further connected with the motor electric control heat exchange module through signals;
In the second working mode, the controller is further configured to send a control signal for adjusting the heat dissipation power of the radiator to the motor electric control heat exchange module according to the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system, so that the heat exchange medium flowing through the radiator becomes the cooling medium or the heating medium of the battery pack.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a vehicle comprising the thermal management system of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
According to some embodiments of the disclosure, the vehicle is an electric shovel.
According to the heat management system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, different working modes can be switched according to the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack, when the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack is higher, the battery pack can dissipate heat through the cooler of the refrigerating module in the first working mode of the heat management system, and when the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack is lower, the battery pack can directly dissipate heat through the cooler of the motor electric control module in the second working mode of the heat management system, and the refrigerating module does not need to be started. By adopting different heat dissipation modes of the battery pack, the starting frequency of the refrigerating module can be reduced, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the working time of the battery pack can be prolonged.
The vehicle provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can enhance the cruising ability and reduce the use cost due to the adoption of the thermal management system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure.
Other features of the present disclosure and its advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and do not constitute an undue limitation on the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system of some embodiments of the present disclosure in a first mode of operation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system shown in FIG. 1 in a second mode of operation.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system shown in FIG. 1 in a third mode of operation.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the use of terms such as "first," "second," etc. for defining components is merely for convenience in distinguishing corresponding components, and the terms are not meant to be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure unless otherwise indicated.
In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present disclosure and to simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure; the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a thermal management system of a vehicle and a vehicle including the thermal management system.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the thermal management system provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure has a first operation mode and a second operation mode, and includes a battery pack heat exchange module, a refrigeration module, a motor electric control heat exchange module, and a control module.
The battery pack heat exchange module includes a battery pack 11.
The refrigeration module includes a chiller 34. As shown in fig. 1, in the first operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 absorbs heat from the battery pack 11 and can dissipate heat through the cooler 34 to cool the battery pack 11. The refrigeration module is configured to provide a refrigerant to the cooler 34 to cool the cooled medium in the first mode of operation.
Under the condition of higher ambient temperature or higher charging current of the battery pack 11, the battery pack 11 can be refrigerated through the refrigeration module, so that the battery pack 11 reaches a proper use temperature range, the battery pack can safely work, the service life of the battery pack is prolonged, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The motor electric control heat exchange module comprises a motor electric control system 21 and a radiator 22. The inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 are respectively communicated with the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the radiator 22, and the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 absorbs heat from the motor electric control system 21 and then dissipates heat through the radiator 22, so that the cooling of the motor electric control system 21 is realized. As shown in fig. 2, in the second operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat-dissipating medium of the radiator 22 are also respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat-dissipating medium of the battery pack 11, and the heat-dissipating medium of the battery pack 11 absorbs heat from the battery pack 11 and then can dissipate heat through the radiator 22, so as to cool the battery pack 11.
The control module comprises a control valve group and a controller. The controller is in signal connection with a control valve bank, and the control valve bank is configured to switch the working mode of the thermal management system according to a control signal sent by the controller.
According to the heat management system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, different working modes can be switched according to the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack, when the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack is higher, the battery pack can dissipate heat through the cooler of the refrigerating module in the first working mode of the heat management system, and when the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack is lower, the battery pack can directly dissipate heat through the cooler of the motor electric control module in the second working mode of the heat management system, and the refrigerating module does not need to be started. By adopting different heat dissipation modes of the battery pack, the starting frequency of the refrigerating module can be reduced, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the working time of the battery pack can be prolonged.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3, the refrigeration module further includes a compressor 31, a condenser 32, a first expansion valve 33, a second expansion valve 35, and an evaporator 36.
The compressor 31, the condenser 32, the first expansion valve 33, and the cooler 34 are sequentially connected to form a first refrigeration circuit C1, and the first refrigeration circuit C1 is configured to cool the battery pack 11 in the first operation mode. The first expansion valve 33 may be an electronic expansion valve to more precisely control the cooling capacity of the first refrigeration circuit C1, so as to better match the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack 11 in the first operation mode.
The compressor 31, the condenser 32, the second expansion valve 35, and the evaporator 36 are sequentially connected to form a second refrigeration circuit C2, and the second refrigeration circuit C2 is configured to refrigerate the cab of the vehicle using the gas flowing through the evaporator 36. The air flowing through the evaporator 36 may be provided by an air supply 82 of the vehicle.
The refrigeration module may be configured to cool the battery pack 11 of the vehicle through the cooler 34, and may be configured to cool the cab of the vehicle through the evaporator 36, and the battery pack 11 and the cab of the vehicle may share the compressor 31 and the condenser 32. Also, the condenser 32 and the radiator 22 may share the radiator fan system 81. The above arrangement with respect to the refrigeration module facilitates simplifying the arrangement of the piping and elements, thereby simplifying the structure of the thermal management system.
When the vehicle is charged in a low-temperature environment, the temperature of the battery pack 11 is low, the activity of the battery is lowered, and the charging time of the battery pack 11 is greatly increased.
To ameliorate the above problems, in some embodiments, the thermal management system further has a third mode of operation, the thermal management system further comprising a heating module. The heating module includes a heat exchange medium heater 41. As shown in fig. 3, in the third operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater 41 are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 absorbs heat from the heat exchange medium heater 41 and can release heat to the battery pack 11, so that the battery pack 11 is heated, and the charging efficiency of the battery pack 11 is improved.
Under the low-temperature environment, the battery pack 11 can be heated through the heating module, so that the battery pack 11 reaches a proper use temperature range, and the charging efficiency of the battery pack 11 under the low-temperature environment is improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3, the heating module further includes a warm air core 43 and a gas heater 42. The outlet and inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater 41 are respectively communicated with the inlet of the warm air core 43 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 to heat the gas flowing through the warm air core 43 by the heated medium, and the gas heater 42 is provided on the warm air core 43 to directly heat the gas flowing through the warm air core 43. The heat exchange medium heater 41 and the gas heater 42 may employ PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heaters, for example, the heat exchange medium heater 41 may employ PTC water heating heaters, and the gas heater may employ PTC air heating heaters. To simplify the structure of the heat management system, the warm air core 43 and the evaporator may share the blower 82. In the third operation mode, the outlet of the warm air core 43 is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the heat exchange medium heater 41, the warm air core 43 and the battery pack 11 are sequentially connected to form a first heating circuit configured to heat the battery pack 11 and/or the cab of the vehicle.
The heat exchange medium heater 41 and the gas heater 42 may be selectively activated in the first heating circuit according to the heating demand of the vehicle cab.
For example, since the heating speed of the gas heater such as the conventional PTC air heater is high, and the energy consumption is low, the gas heater 42 can be started first to directly heat the gas flowing through the air heater core 43, so as to quickly heat the cab; and then the heat exchange medium heater 41 is started, the heated medium flowing from the heat exchange medium heater 41 to the warm air core 43 is heated, and the heated medium heats the gas flowing through the warm air core 43, so that further heating or heat preservation of the cab is realized, the energy consumption is reduced, the heating speed of the cab in a low-temperature environment is improved, and the operation comfort of operators is further improved.
When the heating requirement of the cab of the vehicle is low, the heat exchange medium heater 41 and the gas heater 42 are not started, so that the heat generated by the battery pack 11 can be transmitted to the warm air core 43 through the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the gas flowing through the warm air core 43 is heated, so that the cab is heated. The arrangement can realize the comprehensive management of the cab heating and the battery pack heating of the vehicle.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, in the second operation mode, the outlet and inlet of the heat-dissipating medium of the radiator 22 are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the outlet of the heat-exchanging medium of the battery pack 11, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 is communicated with the inlet of the heat-exchanging medium of the battery pack 11; as shown in fig. 3, in the third operation mode, the outlet and inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater 41 communicate with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, respectively, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
In the above embodiment, by changing the connection relationship between the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and other components in the thermal management system, the operation mode of the thermal management system can be switched, which is beneficial to simplifying the arrangement of the pipelines and simplifying the structure of the thermal management system.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3, as a specific form of implementing the operation mode of the switching heat management system, the control valve group includes a first control valve 51. The first control valve 51 has a first valve port 51A, a second valve port 51B, a third valve port 51C, and a fourth valve port 51D, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 is connected to an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 and an inlet of the heat radiation medium of the radiator 22, the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51 is connected to an inlet of the medium to be cooled of the cooler 34, the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51 is connected to an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 and an inlet of the medium to be heated of the heater, and the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51 is connected to an outlet of the medium to be heated of the heater. In the first operation mode, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51, the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51, in the second operation mode, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51, the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51 communicates with the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51, and in the third operation mode, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51, the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51. The first control valve 51 may be a reversing valve, such as a four-way valve, that satisfies the above functions. On the basis of the provision of the first control valve 51, further directional control valves and flow control valves may be provided in the thermal management system to more precisely control the flow direction and flow of the heat exchange medium in the thermal management system.
In some embodiments, the thermal management system further comprises a temperature detection module configured to obtain temperature data of the battery pack 11 and/or the motor electronic control system 21, and the controller is configured to send a control signal to the control valve block to switch the operation mode of the thermal management system according to the temperature data.
The temperature data may include the temperature of the inlet and the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11. According to the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, the heating condition of the battery pack 11 can be obtained, so as to judge whether the battery pack 11 needs to dissipate heat or heat. If the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than that of the inlet, when the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is larger, the heat productivity of the battery pack 11 is larger, the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack 11 is higher, and the battery pack 11 needs to dissipate heat through the first refrigeration loop to enable the battery pack 11 to be in a proper use temperature range; when the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is smaller, it indicates that the heat generation amount of the battery pack 11 may not be enough to bring itself into a suitable use temperature range, and the battery pack 11 needs to be heated by the first heating circuit to achieve preheating or heat preservation. If the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is lower than the temperature of the inlet, which indicates that the battery pack 11 may be in a low temperature environment, the battery pack 11 is also heated by the first heating circuit to achieve preheating or heat preservation of the battery pack 11. Therefore, the controller can send a control signal to the control valve group to make the thermal management system in what operation mode according to the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
To achieve the above-described function, in some embodiments, the temperature detection module includes a first temperature sensor 61 and a second temperature sensor 62, and the first temperature sensor 61 and the second temperature sensor 62 are used to detect temperatures of an outlet and an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, respectively. When the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is greater than or equal to the refrigerating temperature difference limit value, the battery pack 11 can reach a proper use temperature range only by refrigerating through the first refrigerating loop, and the controller is configured to send a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the first working mode to the control valve group; when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is between the refrigerating temperature difference limit and the heating temperature difference limit, in order to reach a suitable use temperature range, the battery pack 11 can be cooled by means of heat dissipation of the radiator 22 or preheated or insulated by using the waste heat generated by the motor electric control system 21, and the controller is configured to send a control signal for enabling the heat management system to be in the second working mode to the control valve group, wherein the refrigerating temperature difference limit is greater than the heating temperature difference limit; when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is less than or equal to the heating temperature difference limit value, or when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is lower than the temperature of the inlet, the battery pack 11 needs to be heated by the first heating circuit to reach a suitable use temperature range, and the controller is configured to send a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the third working mode to the control valve group.
In the above embodiment, the thermal management system switches the working modes according to the cooling temperature difference limit and the heating temperature difference limit, which can be set according to the cooling performance of the cooling module, the heating performance of the heating module, the heat dissipation performance of the radiator 22, and other relevant performance parameters in the thermal management system.
The temperature data may also include the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor control system 21. According to the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21, the heat dissipation requirement of the motor electric control system 21 can be judged. In the second operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the heat dissipation device 22 are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and in combination with the temperature of the inlet and the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, it can be further determined whether the battery pack 11 can dissipate heat through the heat dissipation device 22 of the electric motor control heat exchange module, and whether the battery pack 11 can be preheated by using the waste heat generated by the electric motor control system 21.
To achieve the above function, in some embodiments, the temperature detection module further includes a third temperature sensor 63, where the third temperature sensor 63 is used to detect a temperature of an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21. The controller is also connected with the electric control heat exchange module of the motor through signals. In the second operation mode, the controller is further configured to send a control signal for adjusting the heat dissipation power of the radiator 22 to the motor electronic control heat exchange module according to the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electronic control system 21, so that the heat exchange medium flowing through the radiator 22 becomes the cooling medium or the heating medium of the battery pack 11. The adjustment of the heat radiation power of the radiator 22 can be achieved by adjusting the rotation speed of the fan in the radiator fan system 81, and the control signal for adjusting the heat radiation power of the radiator 22 is used as the control signal for adjusting the rotation speed of the fan in the radiator fan system 81.
For example, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the electric motor control system 21 detected by the third temperature sensor 63 is lower than 25 ℃ and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is smaller than the refrigerating temperature difference limit value during the operation of the vehicle, it indicates that the heat dissipation requirement of the electric motor control system 21 is lower, the heat dissipation power of the radiator 22 can be properly increased by increasing the rotation speed of the fan, and the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 absorbs heat from the battery pack 11 and dissipates heat through the radiator 22, and at this time, the heat exchange medium flowing through the radiator 22 serves as the cooling medium of the battery pack 11.
For another example, in the vehicle operation process, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the electric motor control system 21 is between 25 ℃ and 50 ℃, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is greater than the heating temperature difference limit value, the heat dissipation power of the radiator 22 can be properly reduced by reducing the rotation speed of the fan, and the heat exchange medium of the electric motor control system 21 absorbs heat from the electric motor control system 21 and flows to the radiator 22, flows to the heat exchange medium channel of the battery pack 11 and releases heat to the battery pack 11, and at this time, the heat exchange medium flowing through the radiator 22 serves as the heating medium of the battery pack 11.
The thermal management system of the embodiment shown in fig. 1-3 is further described below. The direction of the arrows in fig. 1 to 3 represents the flow direction of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack or the flow direction of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system. The components and functions of the components, positional relationships between the components, and the like, which are not described in the thermal management system, are described with reference to the foregoing.
The heat management system comprises a battery pack heat exchange module, a motor electric control heat exchange module, a refrigeration module, a heating module, a temperature detection module and a control module.
The battery pack heat exchange module comprises a battery pack 11 and a first pumping device 12. The first pumping means 12 serves to circulate the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
The motor electric control heat exchange module comprises a motor electric control system 21, a radiator 22 and a second pumping device 23 which are sequentially connected to form a heat transfer loop. The radiator 22 may be a low temperature radiator. The second pumping device 23 is used for circulating the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21, and the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 absorbs heat from the motor electric control system 21 and then dissipates heat through the radiator 22, so that the cooling of the motor electric control system 21 is realized.
The refrigeration module includes a compressor 31, a condenser 32, a first expansion valve 33, a cooler 34, a second expansion valve 35, and an evaporator 36. The compressor 31, the condenser 32, the first expansion valve 33, and the cooler 34 are sequentially connected to form a first refrigeration circuit C1, and the compressor 31, the condenser 32, the second expansion valve 35, and the evaporator 36 are sequentially connected to form a second refrigeration circuit C2.
The heating module comprises a heat exchange medium heater 41, a gas heater 42 and a warm air core 43 and a third pumping device 44. The third pumping device 44 is used for circulating the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21.
The temperature detection module includes a first temperature sensor 61, a second temperature sensor 62, and a third temperature sensor 63. The first temperature sensor 61 is disposed at an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, the second temperature sensor 62 is disposed at an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the third temperature sensor 63 is disposed at an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21.
The control module comprises a control valve group and a controller in signal connection with the control valve group. The control valve group includes a first control valve 51, a second control valve 52, a third control valve 53, and a fourth control valve 54.
The first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the radiator 22, the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51 is connected to the inlet of the medium to be cooled of the cooler 34, the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 and the inlet of the medium to be heated of the heater, and the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51 is connected to the outlet of the medium to be heated of the heater.
The second control valve 52, the third control valve 53 and the fourth control valve 54 are three-way valves for restricting and adjusting the flow direction of the heat exchange medium. The first port 52A of the second control valve 52 is connected to the inlet of the second pumping device 23, the second port 52B of the second control valve 52 is connected to the inlet of the third pumping device 44 and the third port 53C of the third control valve 53, and the third port 52C of the second control valve 52 is connected to the outlet of the heat radiation medium of the radiator 22.
The first port 53A of the third control valve 53 is connected to the fourth port of the first control valve 51, the second port 53B of the third control valve 53 is connected to the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the third port 53C of the third control valve 53 is also connected to the inlet of the third pumping device 44.
The first port 54A of the fourth control valve 54 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor control system 21, the second port 54B of the fourth control valve 54 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the radiator 22, and the third port 54C of the fourth control valve 54 is connected to the first port 51A of the first control valve 51 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
To maintain the pressure of the heat exchange medium in the thermal management system stable, the thermal management system further comprises a first expansion tank 71 and a second expansion tank 72. The first expansion tank 71 is disposed between the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the second expansion tank 72 is disposed between the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the radiator 22 and the third valve port 52C of the second control valve 52.
When the ambient temperature is higher or the current for charging the battery pack 11 is higher, and the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is greater than or equal to the refrigeration temperature difference limit value, the thermal management system can be in the first operation mode, and the compressor 31 is started to refrigerate the battery pack 11 through the first refrigeration circuit.
In the first operation mode, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 is communicated with the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51, the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51 is communicated with the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51, the outlet and inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 are respectively communicated with the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the first pumping device 12, the cooler 34 and the battery pack 11 are sequentially connected to form a heat exchange circuit. The heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 absorbs heat from the battery pack 11 and exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the cooler 34, and the refrigerant absorbs heat of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, so that the battery pack 11 is cooled.
In the operation process of the vehicle, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 is lower than 25 ℃, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is smaller than the refrigerating temperature difference limit value, the thermal management system can be in the second operation mode, and the compressor 31 is not started at this time, and the battery pack 11 dissipates heat through the radiator 22.
In the second operation mode, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51, and the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51 communicates with the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51. The outlet and inlet of the heat radiation medium of the radiator 22 are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
The heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 flows through the third valve port 54C and the second valve port 54B of the fourth control valve 54 in sequence from the battery pack 11, and flows through the expansion water tank 72, the third valve port 52C and the second valve port 52B of the second control valve 52, the third valve port 53C and the first valve port 53A of the third control valve 53, the third valve port 51C and the second valve port 52B of the first control valve 51 and the first pumping device 12 in sequence after the radiator 22 radiates heat, and then returns to the battery pack 11, thereby realizing the heat radiation of the battery pack 11.
In the working process of the vehicle, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 is between 25 ℃ and 50 ℃ and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is greater than the heating temperature difference limit value, the thermal management system can be in the second working mode, and the waste heat generated by the motor electric control system 21 is utilized for preheating or heat preservation.
The heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 flows from the motor electric control system 21 to the radiator 22, and part of the heat exchange medium flows from the radiator 22 to the expansion tank 72, the third valve port 52C and the second valve port 52B of the second control valve 52, the third valve port 53C and the first valve port 53A of the third control valve 53, the third valve port 51C and the second valve port 52B of the first control valve 51 and the first pumping device 12 in sequence, and then releases heat to the battery pack 11 to preheat or insulate the battery pack 11.
In the low temperature environment, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is less than or equal to the heating temperature difference limit value, or the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is lower than the temperature of the inlet, the thermal management system can be in the third working mode, the heat exchange medium heater 41 is started, and the battery pack 11 is preheated or insulated through the first heat exchange loop.
In the third operation mode, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51, and the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51. The outlet and inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater 41 communicate with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, respectively, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
The heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 flows through the first valve port 51A and the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51, the first valve port 53A and the third valve port 53C of the third control valve 53 and the third pumping device 44 in sequence from the battery pack 11, and then flows through the warm air core 43, the first pumping device 12 and the cooler 34 in sequence after being heated by the heat exchange medium heater 41, so as to release heat to the battery pack 11, thereby realizing heating of the battery pack 11.
When the cab needs to be heated, the gas heater 42 can be started first to directly heat the gas flowing through the warm air core 43, so that the cab can be heated quickly; the heat exchange medium heater 41 is started again, the heated medium flowing from the heat exchange medium heater 41 to the warm air core 43 is heated, and the gas flowing through the warm air core 43 is heated by the heated medium, so that further heating or heat preservation of the cab is realized. When the heating requirement of the cab of the vehicle is low, the heat generated by the battery pack 11 can be transmitted to the warm air core 43 through the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the gas flowing through the warm air core 43 is heated, so that the cab is heated.
In some embodiments, the controllers described above may be implemented as general purpose processors, programmable logic controllers (Programmable Logic Controller, abbreviated as PLCs), digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, abbreviated as DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, abbreviated as ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, abbreviated as FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or any suitable combination thereof for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a vehicle including the aforementioned thermal management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide vehicles with the advantages of the thermal management systems provided by the present disclosure. The vehicle provided by the present disclosure may be an electric excavator, or may be an electric loader or other electric vehicle.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present disclosure and are not limiting thereof; although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the disclosure or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features that are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A thermal management system for a vehicle having a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation and a third mode of operation, the thermal management system comprising:
the battery pack heat exchange module comprises a battery pack (11);
a refrigeration module including a cooler (34), in the first operation mode, an outlet and an inlet of a cooled medium of the cooler (34) being respectively in communication with an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), the refrigeration module being configured to supply a refrigerant to the cooler (34) to cool the cooled medium in the first operation mode;
The motor electric control heat exchange module comprises a motor electric control system (21) and a radiator (22), wherein an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system (21) are respectively communicated with an outlet and an inlet of a heat exchange medium of the radiator (22), and in the second working mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the radiator (22) are also respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11);
the heating module comprises a heat exchange medium heater (41), and in the third working mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater (41) are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11); and
the control module comprises a control valve group and a controller, the controller is in signal connection with the control valve group, the control valve group is configured to switch the working mode of the thermal management system according to a control signal sent by the controller, the control valve group comprises a first control valve (51), the first control valve (51) is provided with a first valve port (51A), a second valve port (51B), a third valve port (51C) and a fourth valve port (51D), the first valve port (51A) of the first control valve (51) is connected with the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the radiator (22), the second valve port (51B) of the first control valve (51) is connected with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34), the third valve port (51C) of the first control valve (51) is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) and the inlet of the heated medium of the heater, and the fourth valve port (51) is connected with the outlet of the heated medium of the heater (51);
Wherein in the second operation mode, the outlet and inlet of the heat radiation medium of the radiator (22) are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34) and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34) is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), and in the third operation mode, the outlet and inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater (41) are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34) and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34) is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11);
in the first operation mode, a first valve port (51A) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with a second valve port (51B) of the first control valve (51), a third valve port (51C) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with a fourth valve port (51D) of the first control valve (51), in the second operation mode, a first valve port (51A) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with a fourth valve port (51D) of the first control valve (51), a second valve port (51B) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with a third valve port (51C) of the first control valve (51), and in the third operation mode, a first valve port (51A) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with a third valve port (51C) of the first control valve (51), and a second valve port (51B) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with a fourth valve port (51D) of the first control valve (51).
2. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein,
the refrigeration module further comprises a compressor (31), a condenser (32) and a first expansion valve (33), wherein the compressor (31), the condenser (32), the first expansion valve (33) and the cooler (34) are sequentially connected to form a first refrigeration loop (C1), and the first refrigeration loop (C1) is configured to refrigerate the battery pack (11) in the first working mode;
the refrigeration module further comprises a second expansion valve (35) and an evaporator (36), wherein the compressor (31), the condenser (32), the second expansion valve (35) and the evaporator (36) are sequentially connected to form a second refrigeration circuit (C2), and the second refrigeration circuit (C2) is configured to refrigerate a cab of the vehicle by using gas flowing through the evaporator (36).
3. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein,
the heating module further comprises a warm air core (43) and a gas heater (42), wherein an outlet and an inlet of a heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater (41) are respectively communicated with the inlet of the warm air core (43) and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) so as to heat gas flowing through the warm air core (43) through the heated medium, and the gas heater (42) is arranged on the warm air core (43) so as to directly heat the gas flowing through the warm air core (43);
In the third working mode, the outlet of the warm air core body (43) is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), the heat exchange medium heater (41), the warm air core body (43) and the battery pack (11) are sequentially connected to form a first heating loop, and the first heating loop is configured to heat the battery pack (11) and/or the cab of the vehicle.
4. A thermal management system according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising a temperature detection module configured to obtain temperature data of the battery pack (11) and/or the motor electric control system (21), the controller being configured to send a control signal to the control valve group to switch the operation mode of the thermal management system in dependence of the temperature data.
5. The thermal management system of claim 4, wherein the temperature detection module comprises a first temperature sensor (61) and a second temperature sensor (62), the first temperature sensor (61) and the second temperature sensor (62) being for detecting temperatures of an outlet and an inlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), respectively, the controller being configured to:
When the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is higher than the temperature of the inlet, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is larger than or equal to a refrigerating temperature difference limit value, a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the first working mode is sent to the control valve group;
when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is higher than the temperature of the inlet, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is between the refrigerating temperature difference limit value and the heating temperature difference limit value, a control signal for enabling the heat management system to be in the second working mode is sent to the control valve group, and the refrigerating temperature difference limit value is larger than the heating temperature difference limit value;
when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is smaller than or equal to the heating temperature difference limit value, or when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is lower than the temperature of the inlet, a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the third working mode is sent to the control valve group.
6. The thermal management system of claim 5, wherein,
The temperature detection module further comprises a third temperature sensor (63), the third temperature sensor (63) is used for detecting the temperature of an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system (21), and the controller is further connected with the motor electric control heat exchange module through signals;
in the second operation mode, the controller is further configured to send a control signal for adjusting the heat dissipation power of the radiator (22) to the motor electric control heat exchange module according to the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system (21), so that the heat exchange medium flowing through the radiator (22) becomes the cooling medium or the heating medium of the battery pack (11).
7. A vehicle characterized by comprising a thermal management system according to any of claims 1 to 6.
8. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the vehicle is an electric shovel.
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