CN113547893A - Vehicle and thermal management system thereof - Google Patents
Vehicle and thermal management system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113547893A CN113547893A CN202111056436.9A CN202111056436A CN113547893A CN 113547893 A CN113547893 A CN 113547893A CN 202111056436 A CN202111056436 A CN 202111056436A CN 113547893 A CN113547893 A CN 113547893A
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- heat exchange
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a vehicle and a thermal management system thereof, the thermal management system having a first operating mode and a second operating mode, comprising: the battery pack heat exchange module comprises a battery pack; the refrigeration module comprises a cooler, an outlet and an inlet of a cooled medium of the cooler are respectively communicated with an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack in a first working mode, and the refrigeration module is configured to provide a refrigerant to the cooler to cool the cooled medium in the first working mode; the motor electric control heat exchange module comprises a motor electric control system and a radiator, wherein an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system are respectively communicated with an outlet and an inlet of a heat dissipation medium of the radiator; and the control module comprises a control valve group and a controller, and the control valve group is configured to switch the working mode of the thermal management system according to a control signal sent by the controller.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of engineering machinery, in particular to a vehicle and a thermal management system thereof.
Background
With the development of the engineering machinery field towards the new energy technology direction. The trend of electric operation of construction machines such as excavators and loaders is becoming more and more obvious. The thermal management system of the electric engineering machine comprises a thermal management system of a battery pack, a thermal management system of a motor electric control system and an air conditioning system of a cab. Because the performance, the service life and the reliability of the battery pack and the motor electric control system are greatly influenced by the temperature, the heat management of the battery pack and the motor electric control system continuously faces new requirements, and how to construct the heat management system of the electric engineering machine integrating energy conservation, high efficiency, comfort and safety becomes an important problem.
In the related technology known by the inventor, a motor electric control system and a temperature control system of a battery pack are mainly constructed based on a liquid cooling mode, wherein the battery pack mainly adopts an air conditioning system for refrigeration and combines a plate heat exchanger for heat dissipation, the battery pack mainly adopts a heating film carried by the battery pack for heating, and other heat dissipation or heating modes are lacked, so that the cost is high; the cooling circulation loops for cooling the battery pack and the motor electric control system in the heat management system are arranged relatively independently, so that more elements are provided, and the waste heat generated by the motor electric control system is difficult to be fully utilized. In addition, the inventor knows the related art that the air conditioning system of the cab is slow in heating, affects the operation comfort, has high energy consumption, and is not beneficial to reducing the cost and prolonging the continuous working time of the engineering machine.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle and a thermal management system thereof.
A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a thermal management system for a vehicle having a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, the thermal management system comprising:
the battery pack heat exchange module comprises a battery pack;
a cooling module including a cooler, an outlet and an inlet of a cooled medium of the cooler being communicated with an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack, respectively, in the first operation mode, the cooling module being configured to provide a cooling medium to the cooler to cool the cooled medium in the first operation mode;
the motor electric control heat exchange module comprises a motor electric control system and a radiator, wherein an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system are respectively communicated with an outlet and an inlet of a heat dissipation medium of the radiator; and
and the control module comprises a control valve group and a controller, the controller is in signal connection with the control valve group, and the control valve group is configured to switch the working mode of the thermal management system according to a control signal sent by the controller.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
the refrigeration module further comprises a compressor, a condenser and a first expansion valve, wherein the compressor, the condenser, the first expansion valve and the cooler are sequentially connected to form a first refrigeration loop, and the first refrigeration loop is configured to refrigerate the battery pack in the first working mode;
the refrigeration module further comprises a second expansion valve and an evaporator, the compressor, the condenser, the second expansion valve and the evaporator are connected in sequence to form a second refrigeration circuit, and the second refrigeration circuit is configured to refrigerate a cab of the vehicle by using gas flowing through the evaporator.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the thermal management system further has a third operation mode, the thermal management system further comprises a heating module including a heat exchange medium heater, and in the third operation mode, an outlet and an inlet of a heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater are respectively communicated with an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
the heating module further comprises a warm air core body and a gas heater, wherein an outlet and an inlet of a heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater are respectively communicated with an inlet of the warm air core body and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack so as to heat gas flowing through the warm air core body through the heated medium, and the gas heater is arranged on the warm air core body so as to directly heat the gas flowing through the warm air core body;
in the third working mode, the outlet of the warm air core body is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack, the heat exchange medium heater, the warm air core body and the battery pack are sequentially connected to form a first heating loop, and the first heating loop is configured to heat the battery pack and/or a cab of the vehicle.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
in the second working mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack;
in the third operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
the control valve group comprises a first control valve, which is provided with a first valve port, a second valve port, a third valve port and a fourth valve port, wherein the first valve port of the first control valve is connected with an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack and an inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator, the second valve port of the first control valve is connected with an inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler, the third valve port of the first control valve is connected with an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack and an inlet of the heated medium of the heater, and the fourth valve port of the first control valve is connected with an outlet of the heated medium of the heater;
wherein, in the first operation mode, the first port of the first control valve is communicated with the second port of the first control valve, the third port of the first control valve is communicated with the fourth port of the first control valve, in the second operation mode, the first port of the first control valve is communicated with the fourth port of the first control valve, the second port of the first control valve is communicated with the third port of the first control valve, in the third operation mode, the first port of the first control valve is communicated with the third port of the first control valve, and the second port of the first control valve is communicated with the fourth port of the first control valve.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the thermal management system further includes a temperature detection module configured to acquire temperature data of the battery pack and/or the motor control system, and the controller is configured to send a control signal for switching an operation mode of the thermal management system to the control valve group according to the temperature data.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the temperature detection module includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor for detecting temperatures of an outlet and an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack, respectively, the controller is configured to:
when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is higher than the temperature of the inlet of the battery pack and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is larger than or equal to a refrigeration temperature difference limit value, sending a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the first working mode to the control valve group;
when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is higher than the temperature of the inlet of the battery pack and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is between the refrigerating temperature difference limit and the heating temperature difference limit, sending a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the second working mode to the control valve group, wherein the refrigerating temperature difference limit is larger than the heating temperature difference limit;
and when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is smaller than or equal to the heating temperature difference limit value, or when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack is lower than the temperature of the inlet, a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the third working mode is sent to the control valve group.
In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure,
the temperature detection module further comprises a third temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system, and the controller is further in signal connection with the motor electric control heat exchange module;
in the second operation mode, the controller is further configured to send a control signal for adjusting the heat dissipation power of the heat sink to the electric motor electrically-controlled heat exchange module according to the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the electric motor electrically-controlled system, so that the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat sink becomes a cooling medium or a heating medium of the battery pack.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a vehicle comprising the thermal management system of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
According to some embodiments of the disclosure, the vehicle is an electric excavator.
The heat management system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can be switched between different working modes according to the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack, when the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack is high, the battery pack can dissipate heat through the cooler of the refrigeration module in the first working mode of the heat management system, and when the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack is low, the battery pack can directly dissipate heat through the radiator of the electric control module of the motor in the second working mode of the heat management system without starting the refrigeration module. Through the heat dissipation mode that adopts different battery wraps, can reduce the start-up frequency of refrigeration module, do benefit to and reduce the energy consumption, promote the operating duration of battery package.
The vehicle provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can enhance cruising ability and reduce use cost due to the adoption of the thermal management system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure.
Other features of the present disclosure and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and not to limit the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system in a first mode of operation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system shown in FIG. 1 in a second mode of operation.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system shown in FIG. 1 in a third mode of operation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are used only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and if not otherwise stated, the terms have no special meaning, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
In the description of the present disclosure, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are presented only for the convenience of describing and simplifying the disclosure, and in the absence of a contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the disclosure; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a thermal management system of a vehicle and a vehicle including the thermal management system.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure has a first operation mode and a second operation mode, and the thermal management system includes a battery pack heat exchange module, a refrigeration module, an electric motor electric control heat exchange module, and a control module.
The battery pack heat exchange module includes a battery pack 11.
The refrigeration module includes a chiller 34. As shown in fig. 1, in the first operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 absorbs heat from the battery pack 11 and then can dissipate heat through the cooler 34, so as to cool the battery pack 11. The refrigeration module is configured to provide a cooling medium to the cooler 34 to cool the cooled medium in the first operation mode.
Under the condition that the environmental temperature is high or the current for charging the battery pack 11 is large, the battery pack 11 can be refrigerated through the refrigeration module, so that the battery pack 11 reaches a proper use temperature range, the battery pack can work safely, the service life of the battery pack is prolonged, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The electric motor electric control heat exchange module comprises an electric motor electric control system 21 and a radiator 22. The inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 are respectively communicated with the outlet and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the heat sink 22, and the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 absorbs heat from the motor electric control system 21 and then dissipates the heat through the heat sink 22, so that the motor electric control system 21 is cooled. As shown in fig. 2, in the second operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the heat sink 22 are further respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 can also dissipate heat through the heat sink 22 after absorbing heat from the battery pack 11, so as to cool the battery pack 11.
The control module comprises a control valve group and a controller. The controller is in signal connection with the control valve group, and the control valve group is configured to switch the working mode of the thermal management system according to the control signal sent by the controller.
The heat management system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can be switched between different working modes according to the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack, when the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack is high, the battery pack can dissipate heat through the cooler of the refrigeration module in the first working mode of the heat management system, and when the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack is low, the battery pack can directly dissipate heat through the radiator of the electric control module of the motor in the second working mode of the heat management system without starting the refrigeration module. Through the heat dissipation mode that adopts different battery wraps, can reduce the start-up frequency of refrigeration module, do benefit to and reduce the energy consumption, promote the operating duration of battery package.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3, the refrigeration module further includes a compressor 31, a condenser 32, a first expansion valve 33, a second expansion valve 35, and an evaporator 36.
The compressor 31, the condenser 32, the first expansion valve 33, and the cooler 34 are sequentially connected to form a first refrigeration circuit C1, and the first refrigeration circuit C1 is configured to refrigerate the battery pack 11 in the first operation mode. The first expansion valve 33 may be an electronic expansion valve to more precisely control the cooling capacity of the first refrigeration circuit C1 to better match the heat dissipation requirements of the battery pack 11 in the first mode of operation.
The compressor 31, the condenser 32, the second expansion valve 35, and the evaporator 36 are sequentially connected to form a second refrigeration circuit C2, and the second refrigeration circuit C2 is configured to refrigerate the cabin of the vehicle using the gas flowing through the evaporator 36. The gas flow through the evaporator 36 may be provided by a vehicle air supply device 82.
The cooling module can cool the battery pack 11 of the vehicle through the cooler 34 and can cool the cab of the vehicle through the evaporator 36, and the compressor 31 and the condenser 32 can be shared by the battery pack 11 and the cab of the vehicle. Also, the condenser 32 and the radiator 22 may share the radiator fan system 81. The above arrangement with respect to the refrigeration module facilitates a simplified arrangement of the piping and components, thereby simplifying the construction of the thermal management system.
When the vehicle is charged in a low-temperature environment, the temperature of the battery pack 11 is low, and the activity of the battery is reduced, resulting in a great increase in the charging time of the battery pack 11.
To ameliorate the above problem, in some embodiments, the thermal management system further has a third mode of operation, and the thermal management system further comprises a heating module. The heating module includes a heat exchange medium heater 41. As shown in fig. 3, in the third operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater 41 are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 can release heat to the battery pack 11 after absorbing heat from the heat exchange medium heater 41, so that the battery pack 11 is heated, and the charging efficiency of the battery pack 11 is improved.
In a low-temperature environment, the battery pack 11 may be heated by the heating module to reach an appropriate use temperature range of the battery pack 11, so as to improve the charging efficiency of the battery pack 11 in the low-temperature environment.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3, the heating module further includes a warm air core 43 and a gas heater 42. The outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater 41 are respectively communicated with the inlet of the warm air core 43 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 to heat the gas flowing through the warm air core 43 by the heated medium, and the gas heater 42 is disposed on the warm air core 43 to directly heat the gas flowing through the warm air core 43. The heat exchange medium heater 41 and the gas heater 42 may be PTC (positive Temperature coefficient) heaters, for example, the heat exchange medium heater 41 may be a PTC water heater, and the gas heater may be a PTC air heater. In order to simplify the structure of the thermal management system, the heater core 43 and the evaporator may share the air blowing device 82. In the third operation mode, the outlet of the warm air core 43 is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the heat exchange medium heater 41, the warm air core 43 and the battery pack 11 are sequentially connected to form a first heating circuit configured to heat the battery pack 11 and/or the cab of the vehicle.
In the first heating circuit, the heat exchange medium heater 41 and the gas heater 42 may be selectively activated according to the heating demand of the vehicle cab.
For example, because the conventional gas heaters such as the PTC air-heating heater have high heating speed and high energy consumption, and the PTC water-heating heater has low heating speed and low energy consumption, the gas heater 42 can be started first to directly heat the gas flowing through the hot air core 43, so as to realize the rapid heating of the cab; and then the heat exchange medium heater 41 is started to heat the heated medium flowing from the heat exchange medium heater 41 to the warm air core 43, and the heated medium heats the gas flowing through the warm air core 43 to further heat or keep the temperature of the cab, so that the energy consumption is reduced, the heating speed of the cab in a low-temperature environment is increased, and the operation comfort of operators is further improved.
When the heating requirement of the cab of the vehicle is low, the heat exchange medium heater 41 and the gas heater 42 may not be started, and the heat generated by the battery pack 11 itself may be transferred to the warm air core 43 through the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the gas flowing through the warm air core 43 is heated, so that the cab is heated. The arrangement can realize the comprehensive management of the heating of the cab of the vehicle and the heating of the battery pack.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, in the second operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the heat sink 22 communicate with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, respectively, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11; as shown in fig. 3, in the third operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater 41 communicate with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, respectively, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
In the above embodiment, the operation mode of the thermal management system can be switched by changing the connection relationship between the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and other components in the thermal management system, which is beneficial to simplifying the arrangement of the pipelines and simplifying the structure of the thermal management system.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3, as a specific form of implementing the switching of the operation mode of the thermal management system, the control valve group includes a first control valve 51. The first control valve 51 has a first valve port 51A, a second valve port 51B, a third valve port 51C, and a fourth valve port 51D, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator 22, the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51 is connected to the inlet of the medium to be cooled of the cooler 34, the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 and the inlet of the medium to be heated of the heater, and the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51 is connected to the outlet of the medium to be heated of the heater. In the first operation mode, the first port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the second port 51B of the first control valve 51, the third port 51C of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth port 51D of the first control valve 51, in the second operation mode, the first port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth port 51D of the first control valve 51, the second port 51B of the first control valve 51 communicates with the third port 51C of the first control valve 51, in the third operation mode, the first port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the third port 51C of the first control valve 51, and the second port 51B of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth port 51D of the first control valve 51. The first control valve 51 may be a direction change valve satisfying the above function, such as a four-way valve. On the basis of the first control valve 51, more directional control valves and flow control valves can be arranged in the thermal management system to more accurately control the flow direction and the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the thermal management system.
In some embodiments, the thermal management system further includes a temperature detection module configured to acquire temperature data of the battery pack 11 and/or the motor electronic control system 21, and the controller is configured to send a control signal for switching the operation mode of the thermal management system to the control valve group according to the temperature data.
The temperature data may include the temperature of the inlet and the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11. According to the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, the heating condition of the battery pack 11 can be obtained, so that whether the battery pack 11 needs heat dissipation or heating is judged. If the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is larger, it indicates that the heat productivity of the battery pack 11 is larger, the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack 11 is higher, and the battery pack 11 needs to dissipate heat through the first refrigeration loop so as to enable the battery pack 11 to be in a proper use temperature range; when the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is small, it indicates that the heat generation amount of the battery pack 11 may not be enough to keep itself in a proper temperature range, and the first heating loop is required to heat to preheat or keep the temperature of the battery pack 11. If the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is lower than the temperature of the inlet, which indicates that the battery pack 11 may be in a low temperature environment, the battery pack 11 also needs to be heated by the first heating loop to preheat or keep the temperature of the battery pack 11. Therefore, the controller can send a control signal to the control valve group according to the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, so as to determine which operation mode the thermal management system is in.
To achieve the above function, in some embodiments, the temperature detection module includes a first temperature sensor 61 and a second temperature sensor 62, and the first temperature sensor 61 and the second temperature sensor 62 are respectively used for detecting the temperature of the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11. When the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is greater than or equal to the refrigeration temperature difference limit value, the battery pack 11 needs to be refrigerated through a first refrigeration loop to reach a proper use temperature range, and the controller is configured to send a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in a first working mode to the control valve group; when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is between the cooling temperature difference limit and the heating temperature difference limit, in order to achieve a proper use temperature range, the battery pack 11 can be cooled in a heat dissipation mode through a radiator 22 or preheated or insulated by using waste heat generated by an electric control system 21, the controller is configured to send a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in a second working mode to the control valve group, and the cooling temperature difference limit is larger than the heating temperature difference limit; when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is smaller than or equal to the heating temperature difference limit value, or when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is lower than the temperature of the inlet, the battery pack 11 needs to be heated through the first heating loop to reach a proper use temperature range, and the controller is configured to send a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in a third working mode to the control valve group.
In the above embodiment, the thermal management system switches the operating mode according to the cooling temperature difference limit and the heating temperature difference limit, which may be set according to the cooling performance of the cooling module, the heating performance of the heating module, the heat dissipation performance of the heat sink 22, and other related performance parameters in the thermal management system.
The temperature data may also include the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electronic control system 21. According to the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21, the heat dissipation requirement of the motor electric control system 21 can be judged. In the second operating mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat-dissipating medium of the heat-dissipating device 22 are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat-exchanging medium of the battery pack 11, and by combining the temperature of the inlet and the temperature of the outlet of the heat-exchanging medium of the battery pack 11, whether the battery pack 11 can dissipate heat through the heat-dissipating device 22 of the motor electric control heat-exchanging module and whether the battery pack 11 can be preheated by using the waste heat generated by the motor electric control system 21 can be further judged.
To achieve the above function, in some embodiments, the temperature detection module further includes a third temperature sensor 63, and the third temperature sensor 63 is configured to detect a temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electronic control system 21. The controller is also in signal connection with the motor electric control heat exchange module. In the second operation mode, the controller is further configured to send a control signal for adjusting the heat dissipation power of the heat sink 22 to the electric-motor-controlled heat exchange module according to the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the electric-motor-controlled system 21, so that the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat sink 22 becomes the cooling medium or the heating medium of the battery pack 11. Adjusting the heat dissipation power of the heat sink 22 can be achieved by adjusting the rotation speed of the fan in the heat dissipation fan system 81, and the control signal for adjusting the heat dissipation power of the heat sink 22 is used as the control signal for adjusting the rotation speed of the fan in the heat dissipation fan system 81.
For example, during the operation of the vehicle, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electronic control system 21 detected by the third temperature sensor 63 is lower than 25 ℃, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is smaller than the cooling temperature difference limit value, it indicates that the heat dissipation requirement of the motor electronic control system 21 is low, the heat dissipation power of the heat sink 22 can be properly increased by increasing the rotation speed of the fan, the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 absorbs heat from the battery pack 11 and then dissipates heat through the heat sink 22, and at this time, the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat sink 22 serves as the cooling medium of the battery pack 11.
For another example, in the operation process of the vehicle, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electronic control system 21 is between 25 ℃ and 50 ℃, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is greater than the heating temperature difference limit value, the heat dissipation power of the radiator 22 may be appropriately reduced by reducing the rotation speed of the fan, and the heat exchange medium of the motor electronic control system 21 absorbs heat from the motor electronic control system 21, flows to the radiator 22, then flows to the heat exchange medium channel of the battery pack 11, and releases heat to the battery pack 11, and at this time, the heat exchange medium flowing through the radiator 22 serves as the heating medium of the battery pack 11.
The thermal management system of the embodiment shown in fig. 1-3 is further described below. The direction of the arrows in fig. 1 to 3 represents the flow direction of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack or the flow direction of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system. Reference may be made to the preceding description for components and functions of components, positional relationships between components, etc., not illustrated in the thermal management system.
The heat management system comprises a battery pack heat exchange module, a motor electric control heat exchange module, a refrigeration module, a heating module, a temperature detection module and a control module.
The battery pack heat exchange module includes a battery pack 11 and a first pumping device 12. The first pumping means 12 is used to circulate the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
The electric motor electric control heat exchange module comprises an electric motor control system 21, a radiator 22 and a second pumping device 23 which are sequentially connected to form a heat transfer loop. The heat sink 22 may be a low temperature heat sink. The second pumping device 23 is configured to circulate a heat exchange medium of the motor electronic control system 21, and the heat exchange medium of the motor electronic control system 21 absorbs heat from the motor electronic control system 21 and then dissipates the heat through the radiator 22, so as to cool the motor electronic control system 21.
The refrigeration module includes a compressor 31, a condenser 32, a first expansion valve 33, a cooler 34, a second expansion valve 35, and an evaporator 36. The compressor 31, the condenser 32, the first expansion valve 33, and the cooler 34 are sequentially connected to form a first refrigeration circuit C1, and the compressor 31, the condenser 32, the second expansion valve 35, and the evaporator 36 are sequentially connected to form a second refrigeration circuit C2.
The heating module comprises a heat exchange medium heater 41, a gas heater 42, a warm air core 43 and a third pumping device 44. The third pumping device 44 is used for circulating the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21.
The temperature detection module includes a first temperature sensor 61, a second temperature sensor 62, and a third temperature sensor 63. The first temperature sensor 61 is disposed at an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, the second temperature sensor 62 is disposed at an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the third temperature sensor 63 is disposed at an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21.
The control module comprises a control valve group and a controller in signal connection with the control valve group. The group of control valves includes a first control valve 51, a second control valve 52, a third control valve 53 and a fourth control valve 54.
The first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator 22, the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51 is connected to the inlet of the medium to be cooled of the cooler 34, the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 and the inlet of the medium to be heated of the heater, and the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51 is connected to the outlet of the medium to be heated of the heater.
The second control valve 52, the third control valve 53 and the fourth control valve 54 are all three-way valves for restricting and adjusting the flow direction of the heat exchange medium. The first port 52A of the second control valve 52 is connected to the inlet of the second pumping device 23, the second port 52B of the second control valve 52 is connected to the inlet of the third pumping device 44 and the third port 53C of the third control valve 53, and the third port 52C of the second control valve 52 is connected to the outlet of the heat medium of the radiator 22.
The first port 53A of the third control valve 53 is connected to the fourth port of the first control valve 51, the second port 53B of the third control valve 53 is connected to the outlet of the medium to be cooled of the cooler 34 and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the third port 53C of the third control valve 53 is also connected to the inlet of the third pumping device 44.
The first valve port 54A of the fourth control valve 54 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electrical control system 21, the second valve port 54B of the fourth control valve 54 is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator 22, and the third valve port 54C of the fourth control valve 54 is connected to the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
In order to maintain the pressure of the heat exchange medium in the thermal management system stable, the thermal management system further comprises a first expansion tank 71 and a second expansion tank 72. The first expansion tank 71 is disposed between the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the second expansion tank 72 is disposed between the outlet of the heat radiation medium of the radiator 22 and the third valve port 52C of the second control valve 52.
Under the condition that the ambient temperature is high or the current for charging the battery pack 11 is high, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is greater than or equal to the refrigeration temperature difference limit value, the heat management system can be in the first working mode, the compressor 31 is started, and the battery pack 11 is refrigerated through the first refrigeration loop.
In the first operation mode, the first valve port 51A of the first control valve 51 is communicated with the second valve port 51B of the first control valve 51, the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51 is communicated with the fourth valve port 51D of the first control valve 51, the outlet and the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 are respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the first pumping device 12, the cooler 34 and the battery pack 11 are sequentially connected to form a heat exchange loop. The heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 absorbs heat from the battery pack 11 and then exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the cooler 34, and the refrigerant absorbs heat of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, thereby cooling the battery pack 11.
In the working process of the vehicle, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 is lower than 25 ℃, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is smaller than the refrigeration temperature difference limit value, the heat management system can be in the second working mode, at this time, the compressor 31 is not started, and the battery pack 11 radiates heat through the radiator 22.
In the second operation mode, the first port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth port 51D of the first control valve 51, and the second port 51B of the first control valve 51 communicates with the third port 51C of the first control valve 51. The outlet and inlet of the heat radiation medium of the radiator 22 communicate with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, respectively, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
The heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 flows through the third valve port 54C and the second valve port 54B of the fourth control valve 54 in sequence from the battery pack 11, flows through the expansion tank 72, the third valve port 52C and the second valve port 52B of the second control valve 52, the third valve port 53C and the first valve port 53A of the third control valve 53, the third valve port 51C and the second valve port 52B of the first control valve 51, and the first pumping device 12 in sequence after being radiated by the radiator 22, and returns to the battery pack 11, so that the heat radiation of the battery pack 11 is realized.
In the working process of the vehicle, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 is between 25 ℃ and 50 ℃ and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is larger than the heating temperature difference limit value, the heat management system can be in a second working mode, and the waste heat generated by the motor electric control system 21 is used for preheating or heat preservation.
The heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system 21 flows from the motor electric control system 21 to the radiator 22, and part of the heat exchange medium flows through the expansion water tank 72, the third valve port 52C and the second valve port 52B of the second control valve 52, the third valve port 53C and the first valve port 53A of the third control valve 53, the third valve port 51C and the second valve port 52B of the first control valve 51, and the first pumping device 12 in sequence from the radiator 22 to release heat to the battery pack 11, so as to preheat or preserve heat of the battery pack 11.
In a low-temperature environment, when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is higher than the temperature of the inlet, and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is less than or equal to the heating temperature difference limit value, or the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 is lower than the temperature of the inlet, the heat management system can be in a third working mode, the heat exchange medium heater 41 is started, and the battery pack 11 is preheated or insulated through the first heat exchange loop.
In the third operation mode, the first port 51A of the first control valve 51 communicates with the third port 51C of the first control valve 51, and the second port 51B of the first control valve 51 communicates with the fourth port 51D of the first control valve 51. The outlet and inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater 41 communicate with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, respectively, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler 34 communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11.
The heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11 flows through the battery pack 11 sequentially through the first valve port 51A and the third valve port 51C of the first control valve 51, the first valve port 53A and the third valve port 53C of the third control valve 53, and the third pumping device 44, is heated by the heat exchange medium heater 41, and then flows through the warm air core 43, the first pumping device 12, and the cooler 34 sequentially to release heat to the battery pack 11, so that the battery pack 11 is heated.
When the cab needs to be heated, the gas heater 42 can be started first to directly heat the gas flowing through the warm air core 43, so that the cab can be quickly heated; and then the heat exchange medium heater 41 is started to heat the heated medium flowing from the heat exchange medium heater 41 to the warm air core 43, and the heated medium heats the gas flowing through the warm air core 43, so that the cab is further heated or insulated. When the heating requirement of the cab of the vehicle is low, the heat generated by the battery pack 11 can be transmitted to the warm air core 43 through the heat exchange medium of the battery pack 11, and the air flowing through the warm air core 43 is heated, so that the heating of the cab is realized.
In some embodiments, the Controller described above may be implemented as a general purpose Processor, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable Logic device, discrete Gate or transistor Logic, discrete hardware components, or any suitable combination thereof for performing the functions described in this disclosure.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a vehicle comprising the aforementioned thermal management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide vehicles having advantages provided by the thermal management systems provided by the present disclosure. The vehicle provided by the present disclosure may be an electric excavator, an electric loader, or another electric vehicle.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure and not to limit them; although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: modifications to the embodiments of the disclosure or equivalent replacements of parts of the technical features may be made, which are all covered by the technical solution claimed by the disclosure.
Claims (11)
1. A thermal management system for a vehicle having a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, the thermal management system comprising:
the battery pack heat exchange module comprises a battery pack (11);
a cooling module including a cooler (34), an outlet and an inlet of a cooled medium of the cooler (34) communicating with an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), respectively, in the first operation mode, the cooling module being configured to supply a refrigerant to the cooler (34) to cool the cooled medium in the first operation mode;
the motor electric control heat exchange module comprises a motor electric control system (21) and a radiator (22), wherein an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system (21) are respectively communicated with an outlet and an inlet of a heat dissipation medium of the radiator (22), and in the second working mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator (22) are also respectively communicated with the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11); and
and the control module comprises a control valve group and a controller, the controller is in signal connection with the control valve group, and the control valve group is configured to switch the working mode of the thermal management system according to a control signal sent by the controller.
2. The thermal management system of claim 1,
the refrigeration module further comprises a compressor (31), a condenser (32), a first expansion valve (33), the compressor (31), the condenser (32), the first expansion valve (33) and the cooler (34) being connected in sequence to form a first refrigeration circuit (C1), the first refrigeration circuit (C1) being configured to refrigerate the battery pack (11) in the first operation mode;
the refrigeration module further comprises a second expansion valve (35) and an evaporator (36), the compressor (31), the condenser (32), the second expansion valve (35) and the evaporator (36) being connected in series to form a second refrigeration circuit (C2), the second refrigeration circuit (C2) being configured to refrigerate the cabin of the vehicle with gas flowing through the evaporator (36).
3. The thermal management system according to claim 1, further having a third operation mode, further comprising a heating module including a heat exchange medium heater (41), wherein in the third operation mode, an outlet and an inlet of a heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater (41) are in communication with an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), respectively.
4. The thermal management system of claim 3,
the heating module further comprises a warm air core (43) and a gas heater (42), wherein the outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater (41) are respectively communicated with the inlet of the warm air core (43) and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) so as to heat the gas flowing through the warm air core (43) through the heated medium, and the gas heater (42) is arranged on the warm air core (43) so as to directly heat the gas flowing through the warm air core (43);
in the third operation mode, the outlet of the warm air core body (43) is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), and the heat exchange medium heater (41), the warm air core body (43) and the battery pack (11) are sequentially connected to form a first heating loop which is configured to heat the battery pack (11) and/or the cab of the vehicle.
5. The thermal management system of claim 3,
in the second operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator (22) are respectively communicated with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34) and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34) is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11);
in the third operation mode, the outlet and the inlet of the heated medium of the heat exchange medium heater (41) communicate with the inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34) and the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), respectively, and the outlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34) communicates with the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11).
6. The thermal management system of claim 5,
the control valve group comprises a first control valve (51) which is provided with a first valve port (51A), a second valve port (51B), a third valve port (51C) and a fourth valve port (51D), wherein the first valve port (51A) of the first control valve (51) is connected with an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) and an inlet of the heat dissipation medium of the radiator (22), the second valve port (51B) of the first control valve (51) is connected with an inlet of the cooled medium of the cooler (34), the third valve port (51C) of the first control valve (51) is connected with an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) and an inlet of the heated medium of the heater, and the fourth valve port (51D) of the first control valve (51) is connected with an outlet of the heated medium of the heater;
wherein in the first working mode, the first port (51A) of the first control valve (51) and the second port (51B) of the first control valve (51) are communicated, the third valve port (51C) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with the fourth valve port (51D) of the first control valve (51), in the second working mode, the first valve port (51A) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with the fourth valve port (51D) of the first control valve (51), the second port (51B) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with the third port (51C) of the first control valve (51), in the third working mode, the first port (51A) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with the third port (51C) of the first control valve (51), the second port (51B) of the first control valve (51) is communicated with the fourth port (51D) of the first control valve (51).
7. The thermal management system according to any of claims 3 to 6, further comprising a temperature detection module configured to acquire temperature data of the battery pack (11) and/or the electric machine control system (21), wherein the controller is configured to issue a control signal to the control valve group to switch the operation mode of the thermal management system according to the temperature data.
8. The thermal management system according to claim 7, wherein the temperature detection module comprises a first temperature sensor (61) and a second temperature sensor (62), the first temperature sensor (61) and the second temperature sensor (62) being respectively used for detecting the temperature of an outlet and an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11), the controller being configured to:
when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is larger than or equal to a refrigeration temperature difference limit value, sending a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the first working mode to the control valve group;
when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is between the refrigerating temperature difference limit and the heating temperature difference limit, sending a control signal for enabling the thermal management system to be in the second working mode to the control valve group, wherein the refrigerating temperature difference limit is larger than the heating temperature difference limit;
when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is higher than the temperature of the inlet and the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is smaller than or equal to the heating temperature difference limit value, or when the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the battery pack (11) is lower than the temperature of the inlet, a control signal enabling the thermal management system to be in the third working mode is sent to the control valve group.
9. The thermal management system of claim 8,
the temperature detection module further comprises a third temperature sensor (63), the third temperature sensor (63) is used for detecting the temperature of an outlet of a heat exchange medium of the motor electric control system (21), and the controller is further in signal connection with the motor electric control heat exchange module;
in the second operation mode, the controller is further configured to send a control signal for adjusting the heat dissipation power of the heat sink (22) to the electric machine electric control heat exchange module according to the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the electric machine electric control system (21), so that the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat sink (22) becomes a cooling medium or a heating medium of the battery pack (11).
10. A vehicle comprising a thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the vehicle is an electric excavator.
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| CN117015923A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-11-07 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Temperature control system and power device |
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