CN113544433B - Powder fuel combustion device and combustion method - Google Patents

Powder fuel combustion device and combustion method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113544433B
CN113544433B CN202080015239.XA CN202080015239A CN113544433B CN 113544433 B CN113544433 B CN 113544433B CN 202080015239 A CN202080015239 A CN 202080015239A CN 113544433 B CN113544433 B CN 113544433B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fuel
air
combustion chamber
air supply
primary
Prior art date
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Application number
CN202080015239.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113544433A (en
Inventor
松下敬通
柏幹雄
丹野信嗣
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ritai Machinery Co ltd
General Research Institute Of Environmental Management Ltd
Original Assignee
Ritai Machinery Co ltd
General Research Institute Of Environmental Management Ltd
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Publication of CN113544433A publication Critical patent/CN113544433A/en
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Publication of CN113544433B publication Critical patent/CN113544433B/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/042—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/003—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/06—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for completing combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/06—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air into the fire bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/31019—Mixing tubes and burner heads

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The object is to provide a combustion apparatus and a combustion method capable of effectively ashing an object to be burned in a combustion chamber without providing a device such as an unburned component measuring device or changing the direction of injecting air into the combustion chamber. The powder fuel combustion device 1 includes: the fuel supply device 10, the primary combustion chamber 20, the secondary combustion chamber 50, the air supply ash discharge device 32, and the cyclone 60. An inclined portion 23a is formed in the bottom portion 23 of the primary combustion chamber 20, and the inclined portion 23a has: the bottom air supply port 31 and the air supply ash discharge device 32. The air supply/discharge device 32 includes: bottom air injection nozzle 34 and ash conveyor 35. The bottom air injection nozzle 34 is opened at upper and lower ends, and is provided with a plurality of injection ports 34a on a side surface for injecting air. When the pulverized fuel F is burned, air having a strong wind pressure is injected from the bottom air injection nozzle 34 to the pulverized fuel F at regular or irregular intervals, and the pulverized fuel F is stirred to obtain a good combustion state.

Description

Powder fuel combustion device and combustion method
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus for combusting pulverized fuel and a combustion method of the combustion apparatus.
Background
Conventionally, a boiler has been known in which pulverized coal is used as fuel for combustion, combustion heat is recovered, and superheated steam is supplied to a power plant or the like (see patent document 1). The boiler described in patent document 1 includes a furnace having a hollow shape and disposed in a vertical direction, and three burners disposed in a vertical direction for injecting pulverized coal mixed gas obtained by mixing solid fuel and combustion air into the furnace.
The boiler further includes a bottom air nozzle for injecting combustion air into the furnace at a position below the burner in the vertical direction, and a horizontal direction adjusting device for adjusting the direction in which the bottom air nozzle injects the combustion air in the horizontal direction. The boiler of patent document 1 is structured in this manner, and thus promotes combustion of fuel in the furnace, thereby suppressing generation of unburned components.
As a fuel, the boiler described in patent document 1 mainly uses pulverized coal obtained by grinding coal as a pulverized fuel (solid fuel), as described in paragraphs 0027 and 0051 of the publication.
On the other hand, the present inventors have produced a high quality carbonized fuel using a synthetic resin or the like recovered mainly for reuse as a raw material by using the apparatus and method for producing a carbonized fuel disclosed in patent document 2.
According to the apparatus and method for producing a carbonized fuel disclosed in patent document 2, even if the quality of the recovered synthetic resin is poor and the resin is not suitable for regeneration, the resin can be used as a carbonized fuel having combustion heat (Heat of combustion) close to that of coal. Therefore, even the synthetic resin which is recovered but difficult to recycle or the synthetic resin which can only be buried can be regenerated as a fuel of high quality, and excellent effects such as recycling the synthetic resin and reducing the burden on the buried site can be obtained.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2017-145976.
Patent document 2: international publication No. WO 2008/074189.
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The boiler of patent document 1 is configured such that 3 burners are provided in the longitudinal direction in a furnace so that pulverized coal is burned in the furnace, but unburnt matter is deposited at the bottom of the furnace. In patent document 1, the pulverized coal deposited on the bottom of the furnace is introduced with combustion air from a furnace bottom air nozzle, and unburned substances in the furnace bottom are incinerated.
Further, in the boiler of patent document 1, as shown in fig. 9 of the publication, a feed hopper for storing ash or unburned components is provided at the bottom of the furnace. In the boiler of patent document 1, ash or an unburned portion stored in the hopper is analyzed by a measurement device for the amount of the unburned portion provided at the bottom of the hopper and an analysis device for the unburned portion, and the direction of the air injected from the bottom air nozzle is adjusted to control the amount of the unburned portion so as to be reduced.
As described in patent document 1, the measurement device for the amount of unburned components and the analysis device for the unburned components, or the structure in which the injection direction of the air nozzle is changeable, can be handled technically or at cost if applied to a large-sized device. However, if applied to a small device, the device structure becomes complicated and the installation cost increases. Moreover, the variable mechanism of these measuring devices and nozzles requires daily maintenance, which is inconvenient in that the operation cost increases.
In order to solve the above-described inconveniences, an object of the present invention is to provide a combustion apparatus and a combustion method capable of effectively ashing an object to be burned in a combustion chamber without providing a measurement device for an amount of an unburned portion and an analysis device for an unburned portion, and without changing a direction of injecting air into the combustion chamber.
Means for solving the problems
In order to achieve the above object, a pulverized fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention is a combustion apparatus for combusting pulverized fuel, comprising: a primary combustion chamber for internally combusting the pulverized fuel; and a secondary combustion chamber for combusting combustion gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber; the primary combustion chamber is provided with: a fuel supply device for supplying the pulverized fuel to the inside; a primary air supply port for supplying air to the inside; and an ignition burner for igniting the pulverized fuel inside; the bottom of the primary combustion chamber is provided with: an inclined portion inclined so as to be narrowed downward; a bottom air supply port for supplying air to the inside; an ash discharge port arranged below the inclined part; and a bottom air injection nozzle which is configured to be cylindrical and to be directed in an up-down direction, has openings at an upper end and a lower end, is provided with the lower end directed toward the ash discharge port, and is used for supplying air to the inside; the secondary combustion chamber is provided with: a secondary burner for heating the inside and igniting combustion gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber; and a secondary air supply port for supplying combustion air to the inside; the pulverized fuel combustion device is provided with: primary air supply means for supplying air to the primary air supply port and the bottom air supply port; jet air supply means for supplying air to the bottom air jet nozzle; a secondary air supply device for supplying air to the secondary air supply port; and a control device for controlling actuation of the fuel supply device, the ignition burner, the secondary burner, the primary air supply device, the injection air supply device, and the secondary air supply device.
The control device is as follows: the method comprises the steps of depositing the pulverized fuel in the primary combustion chamber by the fuel supply device by a predetermined amount, igniting the deposited pulverized fuel by the ignition burner, simultaneously operating the secondary burner and heating the secondary combustion chamber, and when gasifying and combusting the deposited pulverized fuel, operating the primary air supply device and the injection air supply device, simultaneously operating the fuel supply device, the bottom air supply port and the injection air injection nozzle, and supplying the fuel supply device with an air amount smaller than an air amount required for completely combusting the deposited pulverized fuel to generate a combustible gas in the primary combustion chamber, and when directly combusting the deposited pulverized fuel, operating the primary air supply device and the injection air supply device, and supplying the air amount required for directly combusting the pulverized fuel from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port and the injection air injection nozzle to the primary combustion chamber, simultaneously operating the fuel supply device, and supplying the fuel supply device, and combusting the combustible gas from the primary air supply port and the injection air injection nozzle to the primary combustion chamber, and directly combusting the pulverized fuel in the secondary combustion chamber, and when gasifying and combusting the deposited pulverized fuel from the primary air supply port, and the injection air injection nozzle to the secondary combustion device, and directly combusting the pulverized fuel in the primary combustion chamber.
In the pulverized fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention, when the deposited pulverized fuel is gasified and combusted, air is supplied from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, and the bottom air injection nozzle fixed to the primary combustion chamber, so that a combustible gas is generated in the primary combustion chamber, and air is injected from not only the primary air supply port and the bottom air supply port but also the bottom air injection nozzle. The present invention can completely burn the pulverized fuel by constituting as described above, and thus, it is not necessary to analyze an unburned portion and to change the angle of the primary air supply nozzle or the like.
In the pulverized fuel-fired device according to the present invention, when the pulverized fuel in the primary combustion chamber is burned in ember and incinerated, the supply of fuel from the fuel supply device may be stopped, and the supply of air from the bottom air injection nozzle may be stopped.
In the pulverized fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention, when the pulverized fuel in the primary combustion chamber is burned in ember and incinerated in accordance with the components of the pulverized fuel, white smoke may be generated in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, and there is a possibility that the apparatus such as a cyclone dust collector and a bag filter provided downstream of the secondary combustion chamber may be burdened.
As a result of diligent studies by the present inventors, it has been found that, in the case where white smoke is generated when ash combustion is performed and ashing is performed, the generation of the white smoke can be prevented by stopping the supply of air from the bottom air injection nozzle without using a method of heating the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber by the auxiliary burner and the secondary burner. Therefore, when the pulverized fuel in the primary combustion chamber is burned with ember and incinerated, white smoke is generated in the primary combustion chamber or the secondary combustion chamber, and the supply of air from the bottom air injection nozzle may be stopped.
In the pulverized fuel-fired device according to the present invention, the control means may control the injection air supply means so that the injection amount of the pulverized fuel can be stirred to inject air into the bottom air injection nozzle at regular or irregular intervals when gasifying and burning the deposited pulverized fuel and when directly burning the deposited pulverized fuel.
According to the control, the pulverized fuel is stirred by injecting air from the bottom air injection nozzle periodically or aperiodically, so that the pulverized fuel is prevented from being fixed on the bottom wall surface of the furnace, and the pulverized fuel can be efficiently combusted.
In the pulverized fuel-fired device according to the present invention, the fuel supply device includes: a fuel feed hopper for feeding the powder fuel; a hopper injection nozzle provided in the fuel hopper in an up-down direction and configured to inject air at least downward; air supply means for a hopper for supplying air to the injection nozzle for a hopper; a fuel transfer device provided below the hopper injection nozzle and configured to transfer the pulverized fuel downward; the mixing tube is used for mixing the powder fuel and air; and a blower for fuel for supplying air to the mixing pipe; the control device is configured to operate the fuel delivery device while the fuel blower is operated when the pulverized fuel is supplied into the primary combustion chamber, to mix the pulverized fuel with air supplied from the fuel blower in the mixing pipe, to supply the pulverized fuel from the mixing pipe to the primary combustion chamber, and to operate the hopper air supply device at a predetermined time point to inject air from the hopper injection nozzle.
According to the above configuration, the pulverized fuel in the fuel-feeding hopper can be smoothly transferred to the fuel-transferring device by the air-supplying device for the hopper, so that the pulverized fuel can be stably supplied from the mixing pipe into the primary combustion chamber.
The pulverized fuel combustion method according to the present invention is a combustion method for combusting pulverized fuel by a pulverized fuel combustion apparatus, wherein the combustion method comprises a fuel charging step, an ignition step, a gasification combustion step, a direct combustion step, and an ember ashing step; the pulverized fuel combustion device is provided with: a primary combustion chamber for internally combusting the pulverized fuel; and a secondary combustion chamber for combusting the gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber; the primary combustion chamber is provided with: a fuel supply device for supplying the pulverized fuel to the inside; a primary air supply port for supplying air to the inside; and an ignition burner for igniting the pulverized fuel inside; the bottom of the primary combustion chamber is provided with: an inclined portion inclined so as to be narrowed downward; a bottom air supply port for supplying air to the inside; an ash discharge port arranged below the inclined part; and a bottom air injection nozzle which is configured to be cylindrical and to be directed in an up-down direction, has openings at an upper end and a lower end, is provided with the lower end directed toward the ash discharge port, and is used for supplying air to the inside; the secondary combustion chamber is provided with: a secondary burner for heating the inside and igniting combustion gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber; and a secondary air supply port for supplying combustion air to the inside; the pulverized fuel combustion device is provided with: primary air supply means for supplying air to the primary air supply port and the bottom air supply port; jet air supply means for supplying air to the bottom air jet nozzle; a secondary air supply device for supplying air to the secondary air supply port; and a control device for controlling actuation of the fuel supply device, the ignition burner, the secondary burner, the primary air supply device, the injection air supply device, and the secondary air supply device.
Depositing, by the control device, the pulverized fuel in the primary combustion chamber by the fuel supply device by a predetermined amount in the fuel-feeding step; in the ignition step, the secondary combustion chamber is heated by the secondary burner, and after the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber reaches a predetermined temperature, the deposited pulverized fuel is ignited by the ignition burner; in the gasification combustion step, a combustible gas is generated in the primary combustion chamber by supplying an air amount smaller than an air amount required for completely combusting the deposited pulverized fuel from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, and the bottom air injection nozzle, the combustible gas is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber, and secondary combustion air is supplied from the secondary air supply port to completely combust the combustible gas; in the direct combustion step, the primary air supply means and the injection air supply means are activated to supply the air amount required for direct combustion of the pulverized fuel from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, and the bottom air injection nozzle into the primary combustion chamber, and at the same time, the fuel supply means is activated to supply the pulverized fuel into the primary combustion chamber and burn the pulverized fuel, and the fuel supply means as a burner is activated to introduce the combustion gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber into the secondary combustion chamber and supply the secondary combustion air from the secondary air supply port to completely burn the combustion gas; in the ash ashing step, the supply of fuel from the fuel supply means is stopped, and the powder fuel ashes remaining in the primary combustion chamber are burned and ashed.
The powder fuel combustion method of the present invention comprises a fuel input step, an ignition step, a gasification combustion step, a direct combustion step, and an ember ashing step. In the gasification combustion step, air is supplied from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, and the bottom air injection nozzle to generate a combustible gas in the primary combustion chamber, and air is injected from not only the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, but also the bottom air injection nozzle. Therefore, the powder fuel deposited in the bottom portion inclined so as to be narrowed downward is injected with air, and the powder fuel can be reliably burned in comparison with the conventional incineration method.
In the pulverized fuel combustion method of the present invention, in the ember ashing step, the supply of air from the bottom air injection nozzle may be stopped. By the treatment, white smoke can be prevented from being generated when the powder fuel is subjected to the ash ashing step.
In the pulverized fuel combustion method according to the present invention, in the gasification combustion step and the direct combustion step, the control means may control the injection air supply means so that the injection amount of the pulverized fuel can be stirred to inject air to the bottom air injection nozzle at regular or irregular intervals. By the control, the pulverized fuel deposited at the bottom of the primary combustion chamber can be stirred, and the pulverized fuel can be surely burned as compared with the prior incineration method.
In the pulverized fuel combustion method according to the present invention, the fuel supply device includes: a fuel feed hopper for feeding the powder fuel; a hopper injection nozzle provided in the fuel hopper in an up-down direction and configured to inject air at least downward; air supply means for a hopper for supplying air to the injection nozzle for a hopper; a fuel transfer device provided below the hopper injection nozzle and configured to transfer the pulverized fuel downward; the mixing tube is used for mixing the powder fuel and air; and a fuel blower for supplying air to the mixing pipe, wherein in the fuel charging step and the direct combustion step, the fuel blower is activated by the control device, the fuel transporting device is activated, the pulverized fuel is mixed with air supplied by the fuel blower in the mixing pipe, the pulverized fuel is supplied from the mixing pipe to the primary combustion chamber, and the air supplying device for the hopper is activated at a predetermined time point, thereby injecting air from the injection nozzle for the hopper.
According to the control, in the fuel injection step and the direct combustion step, the pulverized fuel in the fuel hopper can be smoothly transferred to the fuel transfer device by the air supply device for the hopper, and the pulverized fuel can be stably supplied from the mixing pipe into the primary combustion chamber.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to the present invention, a combustion apparatus and a combustion method can be provided which can satisfactorily combust even a pulverized fuel such as a carbonized fuel using a recovered synthetic resin or waste plastic as a raw material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a power generation system including a pulverized fuel-fired device according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a fuel supply device in the pulverized fuel-fired apparatus of the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is an explanatory view showing the bottom structure of the primary combustion chamber of the pulverized fuel-fired device according to the present embodiment.
Symbol description
1: powder fuel combustion device
2: power generation system
3: boiler
4: dust collecting device
5: power generation device
6: chimney
7: control device
10: fuel supply device
11: feed hopper for fuel
11a: an opening part
12: mixing tube
13: fuel delivery device
13a: shell body
13b: rotary valve
14: blower for fuel
15: burner port
16: injection nozzle for feed hopper
16a: jet orifice
17: solenoid valve for fuel
18: air supply device for feed hopper
20: primary combustion chamber
21: top part
22: main body part
23: bottom part
23a: inclined part
23b: ash discharging port
24: primary exhaust port
25: first temperature sensor
26: primary air supply port
27: primary air blower
28: steam inlet
29: ventilation gas inlet
30: auxiliary burner
31: bottom air supply port
32: air supply ash discharging device
33: ignition burner
34: bottom air jet nozzle
34a: jet orifice
35: ash conveying device
35a: shell body
35b: rotary valve
36: jet air supply device
37: electromagnetic valve for bottom
38: bottom air supply pipe
39: water spray nozzle
40: ash receiver
50: secondary combustion chamber
51: secondary burner
52: secondary air supply port
53: blower for secondary air
54: secondary exhaust port
55: second temperature sensor
60: cyclone dust collector
61: recovery device for cyclone
62: rotary valve
63: screw conveyor
70: air compressor
71: ventilated oil tank
72: water tank
Detailed Description
Next, a pulverized fuel-fired device and a pulverized fuel-fired method according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3. Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a power generation system including a pulverized fuel-fired device according to the present embodiment. Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a fuel supply device in the pulverized fuel-fired apparatus of the present embodiment. Fig. 3 is an explanatory view showing the bottom structure of the primary combustion chamber of the pulverized fuel-fired device according to the present embodiment. In this example, a powdered carbon (char) is used as the powdered fuel, which is produced from waste plastics produced by a carbonized fuel producing apparatus described in patent document 2.
As shown in fig. 1, a pulverized fuel combustion apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is a combustion apparatus applied to a power generation system 2 using a pulverized fuel F. In addition to the pulverized fuel-fired device 1, the power generation system 2 includes a boiler 3, a dust collecting device 4, a power generation device 5, a chimney 6, and a control device 7 for controlling these.
As shown in fig. 1, the pulverized fuel-fired device 1 includes a fuel supply device 10, a primary combustion chamber 20, a secondary combustion chamber 50, an air supply/ash discharge device 32, and a cyclone 60. The outlet of the cyclone collector 60 is connected to the boiler 3.
In the present embodiment, the primary combustion chamber 20 has a cylindrical shape as a whole, and is constituted by a top portion 21 located above it, a main body portion 22 located below the top portion 21, and a bottom portion 23 located below the main body portion 22.
A primary exhaust port 24 is provided in the top portion 21 for exhausting the combustible gas or combustion gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 20. The primary exhaust port 24 is provided with a first temperature sensor 25 for detecting the temperature of the combustion gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 20. In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the primary exhaust port 24 may be formed on the top plate of the top 21, or may be formed on the side surface of the top 21.
The fuel supply device 10 is connected to the main body 22. The fuel supply device 10 includes: a fuel hopper 11 for feeding a powder fuel F; a mixing pipe 12 for mixing the pulverized fuel F with combustion air; a fuel transfer device 13 for supplying the powder fuel F fed into the fuel hopper 11 to the mixing pipe 12 in an arbitrary supply amount; a fuel blower 14 for supplying combustion air to the mixing pipe 12; and a burner port 15 located at the front end portion of the mixing tube 12.
At the center of the fuel hopper 11, a hopper injection nozzle 16 extending in the up-down direction and having a cylindrical shape is provided. The hopper injection nozzle 16 is a cylindrical member, is open at an upper end and a lower end, and is provided with a plurality of injection ports 16a on a side surface for injecting air. The lower end of the hopper injection nozzle 16 is disposed toward the opening 11a of the fuel hopper 11. The hopper air supply device 18 composed of the air compressor 70, the fuel solenoid valve 17, and the fuel air supply pipe 16b is connected to the hopper injection nozzle 16.
The fuel transfer device 13 of the fuel supply device 10 transfers the pulverized fuel F by rotating the rotary valve 13b inside the cylindrical housing 13 a. The fuel delivery amount per unit time is performed by controlling a motor, not shown, in reverse phase to adjust the rotation number of the rotary valve 13 b.
The fuel blower 14 of the fuel supply device 10 adjusts the air supply amount by controlling a motor, not shown, in reverse phase. The air-fuel ratio of the fuel blown out from the burner port 15 can be changed by adjusting the transfer amount of the pulverized fuel F of the fuel transfer device 13 and the air-supply amount of the fuel blower 14.
When the pulverized fuel F and combustion air are supplied from the burner port 15 into the primary combustion chamber 20 in a state where the fuel supply device 10 burns in the primary combustion chamber 20, the pulverized fuel F is ignited in the vicinity of the burner port 15 and then burned as a burner.
Further, a plurality of primary air supply ports 26 for supplying primary combustion air into the primary combustion chamber 20 are provided in the peripheral wall of the main body 22. Air is supplied to the primary air supply port 26 from a primary air blower 27 as a primary air supply device provided outside the main body 22.
A steam inlet 28 and a ventilation gas inlet 29 are provided at upper positions of the main body 22. Steam and ventilation gas may be introduced into the primary combustion chamber 20 through these inlets as needed. The water vapor may be water vapor containing an odor component recovered when the fuel is produced by the fuel production apparatus disclosed in patent document 2. The ventilation gas may be a gas recovered when the fuel is produced by the fuel production apparatus disclosed in patent document 2.
The main body 22 is provided with: an auxiliary burner 30 for assisting combustion in the primary combustion chamber 20; and an auxiliary combustion solenoid valve 30a for supplying air to the auxiliary burner 30. In the auxiliary burner 30, ventilation oil or the like recovered when the fuel is produced by the fuel production apparatus disclosed in patent document 2 can be used as the fuel.
The bottom 23 of the primary combustion chamber 20 is formed with an inclined portion 23a so as to be inclined downward from the wall surface of the main body 22, and an ash discharge port 23b is formed below the inclined portion 23 a. The inclined portion 23a is provided with a plurality of bottom air supply ports 31 for introducing combustion air into the inside thereof. Air is supplied from the primary air blower 27 to the bottom air supply port 31.
Further, the bottom 23 is provided with: an air supply ash discharge device 32 located inside the inclined portion 23 a; and an ignition burner 33 for igniting the pulverized fuel F charged into the bottom portion 23. The fuel used for the ignition burner 33 is kerosene, heavy oil, or the like.
The air supply and ash discharge device 32 includes a bottom air injection nozzle 34 and an ash transport device 35. The bottom air injection nozzle 34 is a member that extends in the up-down direction and is cylindrical, and is provided at the substantially center of the inclined portion 23 a. The bottom air injection nozzle 34 is opened at upper and lower ends, and is provided with a plurality of injection ports 34a on a side surface for injecting air. The lower end portion of the bottom air injection nozzle 34 is disposed toward the ash discharge port 23b.
As the injection air supply device 36, an air compressor 70, a bottom solenoid valve 37, and a bottom air supply pipe 38 are connected to the bottom air injection nozzle 34. Air for injection is supplied from the injection air supply device 36 to the bottom air injection nozzle 34.
The ash transporting device 35 rotates a rotary valve 35b inside a cylindrical casing 35a to transport ash. Further, a water spray nozzle 39 for spraying water into the interior of the lower portion of the housing 35a is provided in the ash conveyor 35. When water is sprayed from the water spray nozzle 39, the ash in the case 35a is cooled and the ash is collected by the water, so that the water does not scatter around and falls downward.
An ash receiver 40 is disposed below the ash discharge port 23b, and stores ash discharged from the ash discharge port 23 b. The ash receiver 40 is movable from a position below the ash discharge port 23b to an ash collection position by a moving means such as a stacker.
The pulverized fuel-fired device 1 is further provided with a ventilation oil tank 71, a water tank 72, and the like, the ventilation oil tank 71 being for supplying ventilation oil as fuel to the auxiliary burner 30, and the water tank 72 being for supplying water to the sprinkler nozzle 39.
The secondary combustion chamber 50 is a cylindrical combustion chamber, and is connected to the primary exhaust port 24 for introducing combustion gas in the primary combustion chamber 20. A secondary burner 51 for igniting the combustion gas is provided near the connection portion of the primary exhaust port 24. Further, a plurality of secondary air supply ports 52 for supplying air for secondary combustion to perform secondary combustion are provided in the peripheral wall of the secondary combustion chamber 50. Air is supplied to the secondary air supply port 52 from a secondary air blower 53 as a secondary air supply device.
A secondary exhaust port 54 is provided on the downstream side of the secondary combustion chamber 50, and is connected to a cyclone dust collector 60. The secondary exhaust port 54 is provided with a second temperature sensor 55 for detecting the temperature of the combustion gas in the secondary combustion chamber 50. Further, a cyclone recovery device 61 is provided below the cyclone collector 60.
The cyclone recovery device 61 is composed of a rotary valve 62 and a screw conveyor 63. The dust collected by the cyclone collector 60 is returned to the primary combustion chamber 20 again by the cyclone collection device 61, and burned.
The boiler 3 of the power generation system 2 of the present embodiment is a device that generates superheated steam and saturated steam by utilizing the exhaust gas dust-collected by the cyclone dust collector 60. In the present embodiment, the boiler 3 performs heat recovery from the exhaust gas at about 600 ℃ to reduce the outlet temperature of the exhaust gas to about 200 ℃.
The power generation device 5 is a device that generates power by rotating a turbine, not shown, with steam generated by the boiler 3. The power generation device 5 is a device commonly used in the prior art. The steam generated by the boiler 3 is thus applied to the power generation device 5, and may also be applied to an accessory device such as a heating device.
A dust collecting device 4 is provided on the downstream side of the boiler 3. The dust collecting device 4 may be a bag filter or the like which is generally widely used. In addition, a device for reducing the temperature of the gas, etc. may be disposed in front of the bag filter as needed. The dust collecting device 4 may be a centrifugal dust collector, an electric dust collector, a gravity dust collector, or other dust collecting device. In addition, the dust collecting device 4 itself may be omitted depending on the scale of the power generation system 2 or the kind of fuel to be burned.
The chimney 6 is provided with an intake fan, not shown, and sucks the exhaust gas generated by the pulverized fuel-fired device 1 into the chimney 6 and discharges the exhaust gas to the outside. The suction fan is also driven by the inverse control, and the rotation number is controlled by the signal of the control device 7.
The control device 7 is called a so-called control panel, and includes various operation switches, a display for displaying the operation state of each device, and a computer (not shown) for controlling each device. The computer of the control device 7 includes a CPU, a storage device, a communication device, and the like (not shown), and a program is stored in the storage device for executing the operation of the power generation system 2 including the pulverized fuel-fired device 1 of the present embodiment.
Next, a combustion method of the pulverized fuel-fired device 1 of the present embodiment will be described. The combustion method of the present embodiment is constituted by a fuel input step, an ignition step, a gasification combustion step, a direct combustion step, and an ember ashing step. These steps are executed by a program stored in the control device 7.
In the combustion method of the present embodiment, the fuel injection step is first performed. In the fuel charging step, the pulverized fuel F is deposited in a predetermined amount in the primary combustion chamber 20 using the fuel supply device 10. The amount of the pulverized fuel F is set to a level at which about 1/3 of the volume of the primary combustion chamber 20 is buried. In order to consider the operation efficiency of the pulverized fuel-fired device 1, the predetermined amount is preferably about 1/4 to 1/2 of the primary combustion chamber 20, but may be appropriately changed in accordance with the properties of the pulverized fuel F.
In this fuel charging step, the fuel supply device 10 is started in a state where the pulverized fuel F is charged into the fuel hopper 11 of the fuel supply device 10. The feeding of the pulverized fuel F into the fuel hopper 11 can be performed by a conveyor or the like and controlled by the control device 7, or by manually operating the conveyor or the like.
When the fuel supply device 10 is started by the control device 7, the rotary valve 13b rotates, and the pulverized fuel F in the fuel hopper 11 is conveyed to the lower side of the housing 13a by the rotary valve 13 b. At this time, in the fuel hopper 11, the injection air is sent from the hopper air supply device 18 to the hopper injection nozzle 16 for a predetermined time. Thus, the pulverized fuel F in the fuel hopper 11 is conveyed to the lower side of the housing 13a by the rotary valve 13b without bridging (Bridge) or the like.
The timing of activating the hopper air supply device 18 may be changed as appropriate in accordance with the state of the pulverized fuel F, and for example, the hopper air supply device 18 may be activated every 1 to 10 minutes, or the hopper air supply device 18 may be activated every time the pulverized fuel F is added to the fuel hopper 11.
On the other hand, the operation of the fuel blower 14 is started, and air is supplied to the mixing pipe 12. Thus, the pulverized fuel F is mixed with the supplied air in the mixing pipe 12, and discharged forward from the burner port 15.
At this time, since the ignition burner 33 and the auxiliary burner 30 are not activated in the primary combustion chamber 20, the pulverized fuel F discharged from the fuel supply device 10 is deposited on the bottom 23 of the primary combustion chamber 20. The operation of the fuel supply device 10 is continued until about 1/3 of the volume of the primary combustion chamber 20 is buried, and the operation of the fuel supply device 10 is stopped after the pulverized fuel F is supplied until a predetermined amount is reached.
In the combustion method of the present embodiment, an ignition step is next performed. In the ignition step, combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 51 of the secondary combustion chamber 50 is first started to raise the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 50. After the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 50 reaches a predetermined temperature (800 ℃ and the like), the ignition burner 33 is activated and ignites the pulverized fuel F deposited in the primary combustion chamber 20. At this time, when the first temperature sensor 25 confirms that the pulverized fuel F deposited in the primary combustion chamber 20 is ignited, the ignition burner 33 is stopped.
Next, a gasification combustion step will be described. In the gasification combustion step, a part of the pulverized fuel F charged in the fuel charging step is burned in the primary combustion chamber 20 to generate a combustible gas. Primary combustion air is supplied from the primary air blower 27, the primary air supply port 26, and the bottom air supply port 31 to the primary combustion chamber 20.
In the gasification combustion step, the primary combustion air introduced into the primary combustion chamber 20 is supplied in an amount smaller than the amount of air required for complete combustion of the pulverized fuel F. Therefore, a part of the pulverized fuel F is burned in the primary combustion chamber 20, and the surrounding pulverized fuel F is heated, so that the combustion range is gradually widened, and a combustible gas is generated from the pulverized fuel F.
At this time, air is intermittently supplied from the bottom air injection nozzle 34 of the air supply and ash discharge device 32 into the primary combustion chamber 20. The air is injected from the bottom air injection nozzle 34, from the upper and lower ends and the injection port 34 a. At this time, for example, the injection is performed for a predetermined time with a minute amount of air, and the injection amount is controlled to be gradually increased periodically or aperiodically. Specifically, the air is injected in such an amount that the pulverized fuel F around the bottom air injection nozzle 34 is not moved by the wind pressure for 5 minutes, and the air is injected every 5 minutes at such an intensity that the pulverized fuel F around the bottom air injection nozzle 34 can be stirred.
Alternatively, not only regular injection such as every 5 minutes, but also air injection can be performed as follows: air is injected at a weak wind pressure at ordinary times, and when the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 20 becomes lower than a predetermined temperature, air is injected at an intensity at which the pulverized fuel F is stirred. By intermittently injecting air from the upper and lower opening portions of the bottom air injection nozzle 34 and the injection ports 34a provided at the side in this way, the pulverized fuel F deposited at the bottom 23 of the primary combustion chamber 20 is stirred, and favorable combustion is performed.
In the gasification combustion step, when the combustible gas is discharged from the primary combustion chamber 20 into the heated secondary combustion chamber 50, the combustible gas is ignited by the secondary combustion chamber 51, and complete combustion is performed in the secondary combustion chamber 50.
In the present embodiment, the combustion temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 50 is controlled to 800 ℃. When the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor reaches a predetermined temperature or higher, the operation of the secondary burner 51 is stopped, but the combustion is continued in the secondary combustion chamber 50 by the combustible gas from the primary combustion chamber 20.
In this gasification combustion step, the combustion temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 50 is controlled by the control device 7 to be substantially constant. The control of the combustion temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 50 is performed by adjusting the amount of primary air by the primary air blower 27 in a state where the secondary air is supplied by the secondary air blower 53 in a certain amount necessary for complete combustion of the combustible gas.
In this case, the combustion temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 50 may be controlled by controlling the combustion in the auxiliary burner 30. On the other hand, even when water vapor is supplied from the water vapor inlet 28 and ventilation gas is introduced from the ventilation gas inlet 29, the amount of primary air is adjusted by the primary air blower 27 to control the combustion temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 50.
The exhaust gas after complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 50 is discharged from the secondary exhaust port 54 and introduced into the boiler 3 through the cyclone dust collector 60. Dust in the exhaust gas is separated in the cyclone 60 so as to fall to the bottom of the cyclone 60. The dust thus dropped to the bottom is returned to the primary combustion chamber 20 by the rotary valve 62 and the screw conveyor 63 of the cyclone recovery device 61, and burned.
Although the exhaust gas from which dust is removed in this way is at a high temperature at the secondary exhaust port 54, the temperature is reduced by heat exchange with the boiler 3, and the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside air through the dust collecting device 4 and the chimney 6.
Steam is generated by the boiler 3 using the heat of the combusted exhaust gas, and power is generated by the power generation device 5 using the steam. In this example, the pulverized fuel F uses carbon as a raw material, which is produced from recycled plastics produced by a carbonized fuel producing apparatus described in patent document 2. In this way, in the power generation device 5, the powder fuel F as the fuel is produced from the recovered plastic, and the power generation is performed using the recovered plastic, so that the power generation with little environmental load can be performed.
The pulverized fuel F deposited in the primary combustion chamber 20 gradually changes from gasification combustion to direct combustion while continuing the gasification combustion step for a predetermined time. The transition of the combustion state is determined according to the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 20 and the temperature condition in the secondary combustion chamber 50.
Specifically, in a state where the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 20 is maintained or is in an upward trend, a gradual transition from gasification combustion to direct combustion is detected at a point in time when the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 50 starts to decrease. The primary air blower 27 is controlled by the control device 7 to adjust the amount of primary air so as to set the combustion temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 50 to be constant.
As the pulverized fuel F in the primary combustion chamber 20 continues to burn, the pulverized fuel F gradually decreases, and the control device 7 controls the primary air blower 27 to increase the number of revolutions so as to increase the combustible gas. As this state proceeds, the amount of the pulverized fuel F that decreases in the primary combustion chamber 20 and the amount of the primary air that increases are brought close to an appropriate air-fuel ratio, so that complete combustion is approached, the amount of the combustible gas that is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 50 is reduced, and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 50 starts to decrease. When the temperature decrease in the secondary combustion chamber 50 is detected in this way, the control device 7 determines that the combustion state has been changed.
In the combustion method of the present embodiment, at the end of the gasification combustion step, the process is changed to the direct combustion step. In the direct combustion step, the pulverized fuel F deposited at the bottom 23 of the primary combustion chamber 20 is continuously combusted by direct combustion. At this time, air is supplied from the bottom air supply port 31, and air is intermittently injected from the bottom air injection nozzle 34.
In the direct combustion step, the pulverized fuel F is supplied from the fuel supply device 10. When the pulverized fuel F is supplied from the fuel supply device 10, the pulverized fuel F injected from the burner port 15 is ignited by the primary combustion chamber 20 being in a state exceeding the ignition temperature of the pulverized fuel F, and combustion is continued continuously. In this way, in the direct combustion step, the fuel supply device 10 as a burner for pulverized fuel is activated.
The pulverized fuel F injected from the fuel supply device 10 is supplied into the primary combustion chamber 20 while being burned in this manner, and the burned component is discharged as combustion gas into the secondary combustion chamber 50, and the part that is not burned is deposited while being burned in the primary combustion chamber 20. The pulverized fuel F supplied into the primary combustion chamber 20 is gradually incinerated by continuous combustion of the combustion air supplied from the primary air supply port 26 and the bottom air injection nozzle 34.
In the combustion method of the present embodiment, at the end of the direct combustion step, the transition is made to the ember ashing step. When the direct combustion step is completed, the supply of the pulverized fuel F by the fuel supply device 10 is stopped. As a result, only the pulverized fuel F deposited at the bottom 23 of the primary combustion chamber 20 is burned in the primary combustion chamber 20, and the direct combustion is gradually changed to the ember combustion, and the pulverized fuel F is gradually ashed while the ember combustion continues.
At this time, the air injection from the bottom air injection nozzle 34 is stopped, and the air is supplied only from the primary air supply port 26 and the bottom air supply port 31. In this way, by stopping the injection of air by the bottom air injection nozzle 34, white smoke can be prevented from being generated by the exhaust gas discharged from the secondary combustion chamber 50.
In the ash ashing step, the remaining pulverized fuel F is gradually ashed by converting the pulverized fuel F into ash for combustion, and finally becomes almost ash. The ash of the pulverized fuel F in the primary combustion chamber 20 can be detected by the first temperature sensor 25 as the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 20.
The ashed pulverized fuel F ash is transferred to the outside of the primary combustion chamber 20 by an ash transfer means 35 of the air supply ash discharge means 32. In the ash transporting device 35, ash present at the bottom 23 of the primary combustion chamber 20 is discharged to the outside from the ash discharge port 23b by rotation of the rotary valve 35 b. At this time, air is intermittently and strongly injected from the bottom air injection nozzle 34, and ash deposited on the bottom 23 is smoothly discharged to the outside.
The water is sprayed from the water spray nozzle 39 to the lower part of the casing 35a to lower the temperature of the ash in the casing 35a, and the water gathers the ash so as not to scatter around and drop down. An ash receiver 40 is disposed below the ash discharge port 23b, and accommodates ash discharged from the ash discharge port 23b, and is transported to an ash recovery site by a stacker or the like as needed.
As described above, in the power generation system 2 including the pulverized fuel-fired device 1 according to the present invention, the pulverized fuel F is completely combusted by supplying the primary air from the fixed bottom air injection nozzle 34 and the bottom air supply port 31. Therefore, it is not necessary to analyze the unburned portion as described in patent document 1, and it is not necessary to change the angle when supplying the primary air.
In the pulverized fuel-fired device 1 of the present invention, since the pulverized fuel F is intermittently injected into the bottom 23 of the primary combustion chamber 20 by the bottom air injection nozzle 34 of the air-fed ash ejector 32, the pulverized fuel F is not deposited on the bottom of the furnace, is reliably burned and incinerated, and is discharged to the outside of the primary combustion chamber 20. Therefore, the pulverized fuel-fired device 1 of the present invention can reliably burn the pulverized fuel F, and the power generation device 5 and the like can effectively recover energy.

Claims (8)

1. A powder fuel combustion device, which is a combustion device for burning powder fuel, is characterized in that,
the pulverized fuel combustion device is provided with: a primary combustion chamber for internally combusting the pulverized fuel; and a secondary combustion chamber for combusting combustion gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber;
The primary combustion chamber is provided with: a fuel supply device for supplying the pulverized fuel to the inside; a primary air supply port for supplying air to the inside; and an ignition burner for igniting the pulverized fuel inside;
the bottom of the primary combustion chamber is provided with: an inclined portion inclined so as to be narrowed downward; a bottom air supply port for supplying air to the inside; an ash discharge port arranged below the inclined part; and a bottom air injection nozzle which is configured to be cylindrical and to be directed in an up-down direction, has openings at an upper end and a lower end, is provided with the lower end directed toward the ash discharge port, and is used for supplying air to the inside;
the secondary combustion chamber is provided with: a secondary burner for heating the inside and igniting combustion gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber; and a secondary air supply port for supplying combustion air to the inside;
the pulverized fuel combustion device is provided with: primary air supply means for supplying air to the primary air supply port and the bottom air supply port; jet air supply means for supplying air to the bottom air jet nozzle; a secondary air supply device for supplying air to the secondary air supply port; and a control device for controlling actuation of the fuel supply device, the ignition burner, the secondary burner, the primary air supply device, the injection air supply device, and the secondary air supply device;
The control device is as follows:
depositing a predetermined amount of the pulverized fuel in the primary combustion chamber by the fuel supply means,
igniting the deposited pulverized fuel by the ignition burner while activating the secondary burner and heating the secondary combustion chamber,
when the deposited pulverized fuel is gasified and combusted, the primary air supply device and the injection air supply device are activated, and combustible gas is generated in the primary combustion chamber by supplying air from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, and the bottom air injection nozzle in an amount less than the amount required for complete combustion of the deposited pulverized fuel,
when the deposited pulverized fuel is directly combusted, the primary air supply device and the injection air supply device are activated, and the air amount required for directly combusting the pulverized fuel is supplied from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, and the bottom air injection nozzle into the primary combustion chamber, and at the same time, the fuel supply device is activated, and the pulverized fuel is supplied into the primary combustion chamber and combusted, so that the fuel supply device as a burner is activated,
The secondary air supply device is activated when gasifying and burning the deposited pulverized fuel and when directly burning the deposited pulverized fuel, and secondary combustion air is supplied from the secondary air supply port to burn the combustible gas in an amount necessary for completely burning the combustible gas.
2. The pulverized fuel-fired apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the pulverized fuel in the primary combustion chamber is subjected to the ember combustion and the ashing, the supply of fuel from the fuel-feeding means is stopped while the supply of air from the bottom air-injection nozzle is stopped.
3. The pulverized fuel-fired apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means controls the injection air supply means so that air is injected to the bottom air injection nozzle in an injection amount that can stir the pulverized fuel periodically or aperiodically when gasifying and burning the deposited pulverized fuel and when directly burning the deposited pulverized fuel.
4. The pulverized fuel-fired device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The fuel supply device includes: a fuel feed hopper for feeding the powder fuel; a hopper injection nozzle provided in the fuel hopper in an up-down direction and configured to inject air at least downward; air supply means for a hopper for supplying air to the injection nozzle for a hopper; a fuel transfer device provided below the hopper injection nozzle and configured to transfer the pulverized fuel downward; the mixing tube is used for mixing the powder fuel and air; and a blower for fuel for supplying air to the mixing pipe;
the control device is configured to operate the fuel blower and the fuel conveyor when the pulverized fuel is supplied into the primary combustion chamber, to mix the pulverized fuel with air supplied from the fuel blower in the mixing pipe, to supply the pulverized fuel from the mixing pipe into the primary combustion chamber, and to operate the hopper air supply device at a predetermined time point to inject air from the hopper injection nozzle.
5. A method for burning pulverized fuel by using a pulverized fuel burner, characterized in that,
The combustion method comprises a fuel input step, an ignition step, a gasification combustion step, a direct combustion step and an ember ashing step;
the pulverized fuel combustion device is provided with: a primary combustion chamber for internally combusting the pulverized fuel; and a secondary combustion chamber for combusting the gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber;
the primary combustion chamber is provided with: a fuel supply device for supplying the pulverized fuel to the inside; a primary air supply port for supplying air to the inside; and an ignition burner for igniting the pulverized fuel inside;
the bottom of the primary combustion chamber is provided with: an inclined portion inclined so as to be narrowed downward; a bottom air supply port for supplying air to the inside; an ash discharge port arranged below the inclined part; and a bottom air injection nozzle which is configured to be cylindrical and to be directed in an up-down direction, has openings at an upper end and a lower end, is provided with the lower end directed toward the ash discharge port, and is used for supplying air to the inside;
the secondary combustion chamber is provided with: a secondary burner for heating the inside; and a secondary air supply port for supplying combustion air to the inside;
The pulverized fuel combustion device is provided with: primary air supply means for supplying air to the primary air supply port and the bottom air supply port; jet air supply means for supplying air to the bottom air jet nozzle; a secondary air supply device for supplying air to the secondary air supply port; and a control device for controlling actuation of the fuel supply device, the ignition burner, the secondary burner, the primary air supply device, the injection air supply device, and the secondary air supply device;
by means of the control device in question,
in the fuel charging step, depositing the pulverized fuel by a predetermined amount in the primary combustion chamber by the fuel supply means;
in the ignition step, the secondary combustion chamber is heated by the secondary burner, and after the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber reaches a predetermined temperature, the deposited pulverized fuel is ignited by the ignition burner;
in the gasification combustion step, a combustible gas is generated in the primary combustion chamber by supplying an air amount smaller than an air amount required for completely combusting the deposited pulverized fuel from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, and the bottom air injection nozzle, the combustible gas is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber, and secondary combustion air is supplied from the secondary air supply port to completely combust the combustible gas;
In the direct combustion step, the primary air supply means and the injection air supply means are activated to supply the air amount required for direct combustion of the pulverized fuel from the primary air supply port, the bottom air supply port, and the bottom air injection nozzle into the primary combustion chamber, and at the same time, the fuel supply means is activated to supply the pulverized fuel into the primary combustion chamber and burn the pulverized fuel, and the fuel supply means as a burner is activated to introduce the combustion gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber into the secondary combustion chamber and supply the secondary combustion air from the secondary air supply port to completely burn the combustion gas;
in the ash ashing step, the supply of fuel from the fuel supply means is stopped, and the powder fuel ashes remaining in the primary combustion chamber are burned and ashed.
6. The pulverized fuel combustion method as set forth in claim 5, wherein in the ember ashing step, the supply of air from the bottom air injection nozzle is stopped.
7. The pulverized fuel combustion method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that in the gasification combustion step and in the direct combustion step, the injection air supply means is controlled by the control means so as to inject air to the bottom air injection nozzle in such a manner that an injection amount of the pulverized fuel can be stirred periodically or aperiodically.
8. A powder fuel combustion method as set forth in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that,
the fuel supply device includes: a fuel feed hopper for feeding the powder fuel; a hopper injection nozzle provided in the fuel hopper in an up-down direction and configured to inject air at least downward; air supply means for a hopper for supplying air to the injection nozzle for a hopper; a fuel transfer device provided below the hopper injection nozzle and configured to transfer the pulverized fuel downward; the mixing tube is used for mixing the powder fuel and air; and a blower for fuel for supplying air to the mixing pipe,
in the fuel injection step and the direct combustion step, the control device activates the fuel blower and simultaneously activates the fuel transfer device, and the pulverized fuel is mixed with air supplied from the fuel blower in the mixing pipe, the pulverized fuel is supplied from the mixing pipe into the primary combustion chamber, and the hopper air supply device is activated at a predetermined time point to inject air from the hopper injection nozzle.
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