CN113533159B - Rock-soil strength and water salt migration test device based on wet-thermal power coupling - Google Patents
Rock-soil strength and water salt migration test device based on wet-thermal power coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN113533159B CN113533159B CN202110762906.7A CN202110762906A CN113533159B CN 113533159 B CN113533159 B CN 113533159B CN 202110762906 A CN202110762906 A CN 202110762906A CN 113533159 B CN113533159 B CN 113533159B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock-soil strength and water salt migration test device based on a wet-heat power coupling, which comprises a heat preservation cavity, a water salt migration test device and a water salt migration test device, wherein the heat preservation cavity is used for placing rock-soil samples; a plurality of grooves are arranged in the heat preservation cavity, and a temperature sensor and a moisture salinity sensor are arranged in each groove; the bottom of the heat preservation cavity is arranged on the base; the left side and the right side of the heat preservation cavity are provided with a shearing box; the outer sides of the shear boxes, which are opposite to the rock soil sample, are respectively provided with a first steel plate and a second steel plate; the top end of the rock-soil sample is provided with a water storage device; the top of the water receiver is connected with the constant temperature water tank, and the bottom of the water receiver is connected with the lever. The rock-soil strength and water salt migration test device based on the wet-thermal force coupling can simulate the moisture and salt changes of different positions of the rock-soil sample under soaking or pressure to obtain the moisture and salt migration rule of the rock-soil sample under the wet-thermal force coupling effect, and meanwhile, the soil body direct shear test can be carried out under the condition that the rock-soil sample is not disturbed to obtain the rock-soil strength through measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and relates to a device for testing geotechnical strength and water salt migration based on wet-thermal power coupling.
Background
The migration change of moisture can influence the intensity and the deformation of soil body, leads to unsaturated soil body property to change, and the soluble salinity that contains simultaneously soil reaches certain quantity after, can directly influence the emergence and the normal growth of vegetation to influence the protective effect of vegetation to the side slope. The change process of the water and the salt inside the soil body is researched, the migration process of the water and the salinization condition and the salt dynamic state of the soil are analyzed, the main reason of the change of the self characters of the soil body after the water is met can be explained more reasonably, and measures for draining the soil body and improving the saline-alkali soil are drawn up according to the change of the water and the salt dynamic state. Meanwhile, the temperature has important influence on the moisture and salinity migration process, so that the slope damage mechanism caused by moisture and salinity under the action of the coupling of the moist heat and the heat is disclosed, and the method has important practical significance for preventing and controlling or forecasting landslide geological disasters.
The actual excavation environment of the geotechnical engineering is the environment with multi-factor coupling effect such as moisture, temperature, load and the like, the existing research on the soil coupling factors mainly comprises the step of developing an indoor test with single factor, dynamic mechanical characteristics of the geotechnical body in the existing environment cannot be truly reflected, and the existing research basically has no system for developing indoor test research on the geotechnical strength and water and salt migration under the action of moisture, heat and force coupling, and has no research and development related test device.
In addition, the temperature control of the soil body is mainly unilateral control at present, namely, one end of the soil body is controlled by methods such as resistance wire heating, water bath heating and the like. The resistance wire heating method is uneven in heating, the temperature is not easy to control, the water bath method is used for heating, the problem of uneven heating is solved, water in the heating water tank is easy to evaporate, the temperature of water can be gradually reduced, water needs to be injected into the water tank frequently, heat is easy to lose, and the process is troublesome.
In addition, in the existing direct shear apparatus for rock and soil samples, the adopted cutting ring sample is too small in size, so that infiltration tests cannot be directly carried out by using the sample, the sample needs to be placed in a sample chamber of the direct shear apparatus, the original sample is disturbed, generally 4 samples are adopted, horizontal shear forces are respectively applied under different normal stresses, the shear stress when the sample is damaged is tested, and then the shear strength parameter of soil is determined according to coulomb's law.
Therefore, a testing device capable of simulating the wet-heat-force coupling is needed, and the testing device can measure the rock strength and the water and salt changes at different positions, obtain the rock strength and the water and salt migration rule of the rock sample under the wet-heat-force coupling, and has great significance for the engineering application of the rock (especially saline soil).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a rock-soil strength and water salt migration test device based on wet-thermal-mechanical coupling, which can simulate the moisture and salt changes of different positions of a rock-soil sample under soaking or pressure to obtain the moisture and salt migration rule of the rock-soil sample under the wet-thermal-mechanical coupling effect, can perform a soil body direct shear test under the condition of not disturbing the rock-soil sample to obtain the rock-soil strength through measurement, and solves the problem of an indoor test device without the rock-soil strength and water salt migration under the wet-thermal-mechanical coupling effect in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the rock-soil strength and water salt migration test device based on the wet-heat power coupling comprises a heat preservation cavity for placing rock-soil samples; a plurality of grooves are arranged in the heat preservation cavity, and a temperature sensor and a moisture salinity sensor are arranged in each groove; the bottom of the heat preservation cavity is arranged on the base; the left side and the right side of the heat preservation cavity are provided with a shearing box; the outer sides of the shear boxes, which are opposite to the rock soil sample, are respectively provided with a first steel plate and a second steel plate; a water storage device is arranged at the top end of the rock-soil sample; the top of the water receiver is connected with the constant temperature water tank, and the bottom of the water receiver is connected with the lever.
Furthermore, the heat preservation cavity is a cylindrical cavity with an upper opening and a lower opening; a row of grooves are respectively arranged on the inner side of the heat preservation cavity in the front, back, left and right directions along the axial direction of the rock soil sample; every row of recess is the same setting, and every row of recess all evenly sets up 5 recesses along ground sample axial direction, all installs temperature sensor and moisture salinity sensor in every recess.
Further, the shear box comprises a first shear box and a second shear box; the first shear box comprises a first lower box and a first upper box; the second cutting box comprises a second lower box and a second upper box; the first shearing box and the second shearing box are both in the shapes of an external straight plate and an internal semi-cylindrical groove, and the inner diameter of the semi-cylindrical groove is the same as the outer diameter of the rock-soil sample; the top ends of the first lower box and the second lower box are respectively provided with a folded edge, and each folded edge extends outwards relative to the rock soil sample; the top ends of the two folded edges are respectively provided with a first upper box and a second upper box; the contact surfaces of the first lower box and the first upper box or the second lower box and the second upper box are smooth and can relatively displace; a bearing plate is fixedly arranged at the center of the outer side of the first upper box, and a pressure sensor is embedded in the bearing plate; and a displacement meter is arranged at the lower end of the outer side of the second upper box.
Furthermore, the center positions of the bottom ends of the first shearing box, the second shearing box, the first steel plate and the second steel plate are respectively provided with a steel ball; the front end and the rear end of the first shearing box, the second shearing box, the first steel plate and the second steel plate are respectively provided with a through threaded hole; a jack is arranged at the position, corresponding to the bearing plate, on the inner side of the first steel plate close to the heat preservation cavity; and a connecting steel plate is fixedly arranged between the second shearing box and the second steel plate.
Furthermore, the water storage device comprises a water storage cavity and a water passing layer which are butted at the center; the front, the back, the left and the right positions of the section part of the water storage cavity exceeding the water through layer are respectively provided with a circular ring; the lower end of each circular ring is provided with a water receiver fixed pulley; the water through layer is provided with a plurality of capillary channels communicated with the water storage cavity along the axial direction of the water storage device; the capillary channel has a certain inclination angle relative to the axial direction of the water storage device; the top of the water storage cavity is provided with a water outlet which is communicated with the inside of the water storage cavity, the water outlet is connected with a water supply flow meter through a water guide hose, the water supply flow meter is connected with an electromagnetic valve through the water guide hose, and the electromagnetic valve is connected with a constant temperature water tank through the water guide hose.
Further, the capillary channel has an inclination angle with respect to the axial direction of the water reservoir, the inclination angle including any one of 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °.
Furthermore, four corners of the base are respectively provided with a threaded cylinder, and each threaded cylinder is screwed in through a threaded steel nail to fix the base and the ground; the left side and the right side of the bottom of the heat insulation cavity of the base are respectively provided with a first sliding chute and a second sliding chute; two limiting grooves are arranged in the first sliding groove, and one limiting groove is arranged in the second sliding groove.
Furthermore, in the vertical direction of each limiting groove and the first sliding groove or the second sliding groove, the projection of each through threaded hole arranged on the first shearing box, the second shearing box and the first steel plate on the base is provided with a threaded hole.
Further, the lever includes the support, and the support is put on the shelf and is equipped with hard pole, and the both ends of hard pole application of force end and atress end are equipped with the ring respectively, and application of force end ring is connected with the weight through the wire rope on perpendicular to ground, and atress end ring is provided with the ground fixed pulley in ground projection department position, and four wire rope that one end is connected in atress end ring pass through the ground fixed pulley respectively with four water receiver fixed pulleys that set up on the water storage chamber be connected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the rock-soil strength and water-salt migration test device based on the wet-heat-force coupling, the moisture and salt changes of different positions of the rock-soil sample under the condition of temperature or soaking or pressure are simulated, so that the moisture and salt migration rule of the rock-soil sample under the condition of the wet-heat-force coupling is obtained, the overall temperature control of the rock-soil sample is realized through the heat preservation cavity arranged around the rock-soil sample body, the natural temperature change environment can be effectively simulated, the temperature controller controls the temperature of the heat preservation layer and the constant-temperature water tank to be consistent, the water source temperature permeating into the rock-soil sample body is kept synchronous with the temperature of the rock-soil sample body, and the disturbance of a temperature field inside the rock-soil sample body during water replenishing can be remarkably reduced;
(2) According to the invention, the electromagnetic valve of the water replenishing system is controlled by the temperature and humidity controller, the water supply flow meter is controlled by the electromagnetic valve, the water replenishing amount and the water replenishing speed are controlled, so as to simulate different rainfall intensity working conditions in nature, the water storage device on the upper surface of the rock-soil sample body is arranged, so that the water replenishing on the upper surface of the rock-soil sample body is more uniform, meanwhile, a water passage has a certain inclination with the vertical direction, so as to simulate rainfall under different wind power conditions, and the larger the inclination angle is, the larger the wind power is;
(3) The invention realizes heavy weight simulation by a small weight by utilizing a lever of a pressure system; the direction of force is changed by utilizing the fixed pulley, and the pressure required by the experiment is applied to the top surface of the sample, so that the problems that the heavy weight is difficult to meet or the labor and the cost are high during the experiment are solved;
(4) According to the invention, after the heat insulation layer is removed, the shearing box is moved into the groove through the steel ball, so that the shearing box is tightly attached to the side surface of the sample, the lower box of the shearing box is fixed by the bolt and does not move, normal stresses with different magnitudes are directly applied to the top surface of the sample by using the pressure system, then the upper box of the shearing box is pushed by using the jack, and the readings of the force sensor and the displacement meter are recorded, so that the direct strength measurement of the sample after the infiltration test is completed, the operation is simple, the test cost is low, and the problem of unreal measurement after the sample is moved and disturbed after the test is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock-soil strength and water-salt migration test device based on a thermo-mechanical coupling.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a temperature sensor and a moisture salinity sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the structure of the base plate of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the shear box of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an infiltration test system and a direct shear test system according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the water reservoir of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a capillary passage in a water reservoir of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the lever of the present invention.
<xnotran> ,1- , 2- , 2-1- , 3-1- , 3-2- , 4- , 4-1- , 4-2-1- , 4-2-2- , 4-3- , 4-4- , 5- , 5-1- , 5-1-1- , 5-1-2- , 5-2- , 5-2-1- , 5-2-2- , 5-3- , 5-4- , 6-1- , 6-2- , 7-1- , 7-2- , 7-3- , 7-4- , 8- , 8-1- , 8-1-1- , 8-1-2- , 8-1-3- , 8-2- , 8-2-1- , 9- , 10- , 11- , 11-1- , 11-2- , 11-3- , 11-4- , 12- , </xnotran> 13-electromagnetic valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the geotechnical specimen shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The rock-soil strength and water salt migration test device based on the wet-heat force coupling comprises a heat preservation cavity 2, wherein the heat preservation cavity 2 is a cylindrical cavity with an upper opening and a lower opening, and the heat preservation cavity 2 is preferably made of spongy polytetrafluoroethylene and used for placing a cylindrical rock-soil sample 1 and keeping the temperature stability of the rock-soil sample 1, so that the temperature field difference between a water replenishing solution and a rock-soil sample 1 body is reduced; in the front, back, left and right directions of the inner side of the heat preservation cavity 2, a row of grooves 2-1 are respectively arranged along the axial direction of the rock soil sample 1, each row of grooves 2-1 are arranged in the same way, each row of grooves 2-1 is uniformly provided with 5 grooves 2-1 along the axial direction of the rock soil sample 1, and a temperature sensor 3-1 and a moisture and salinity sensor 3-2 are arranged in each groove 2-1; the output end of the temperature sensor 3-1 faces to one end of the groove 2-1 far away from the rock soil sample 1, is in signal connection with a computer through a data acquisition unit and is used for analyzing temperature change data of the heat preservation cavity 2; the probe of the moisture salinity sensor 3-2 faces the rock-soil sample 1, the output end of the moisture salinity sensor 3-2 faces one end of the groove 2-1 far away from the rock-soil sample 1, and the moisture salinity sensor is in signal connection with the computer through the data acquisition unit and is used for analyzing moisture salinity change data of the rock-soil sample 1; the temperature sensor 3-1 is preferably an optical fiber temperature sensor; the moisture salinity sensor 3-2 is a probe-type sensor, preferably an MEC-10 soil moisture and conductivity sensor, and is used for monitoring the moisture salinity content of the rock-soil sample 1 in the infiltration test in real time.
The bottom of the heat preservation cavity 2 is arranged on a base 4, and the base 4 is preferably of a square steel plate structure with the side length of 80cm and the thickness of 5 cm; the base 4 is fixed on the ground; the specific fixing mode of the base 4 and the ground is as follows: four corners of the base 4 are respectively provided with a threaded cylinder 4-1, and each threaded cylinder 4-1 is screwed in through a threaded steel nail to fix the base 4 with the ground; the base 4 is respectively provided with a first chute 4-2-1 and a second chute 4-2-2 at the left side and the right side of the bottom of the heat preservation cavity 2 along the direction of a transverse central axis, the sizes of the first chute 4-2-1 and the second chute 4-2-2 are preferably 15cm long, 2cm wide and 1cm deep, the first chute 4-2-1 and the second chute are used for sliding the shearing box 5, the first steel plate 6-1 and the second steel plate 6-2, the width setting principle of the first chute 4-2-1 and the second chute 4-2-2 is the diameter of the steel ball 7-1, and the depth is the radius of the steel ball 7-1; two limiting grooves 4-3 are arranged in the first sliding groove 4-2-1, and one limiting groove 4-3 is arranged in the second sliding groove 4-2-2; the depth of the limiting groove 4-3 is preferably 2cm, the width is preferably 2cm, the depth setting principle of the limiting groove 4-3 is the diameter of the steel ball 7-1, and the width is the diameter of the steel ball 7-1; in the vertical direction of each limiting groove 4-3 and the first sliding groove 4-2-1 or the second sliding groove 4-2-2, a threaded hole 4-4 is formed in the projection position of each through threaded hole 7-4 formed in the first shearing box 5-1, the second shearing box 5-2 and the first steel plate 6-1 on the base 4, the diameter of each threaded hole 4-4 is preferably 2cm, and the depth of each threaded hole 4-4 is preferably 3cm to 4cm.
The material of the shearing box 5 is preferably steel, and the height of the shearing box 5 is preferably 100cm; the shear box 5 comprises a first shear box 5-1 and a second shear box 5-2 and is used for performing direct shear test on the rock-soil sample 1; the first cutting box 5-1 comprises a first lower box 5-1-1 and a first upper box 5-1-2, and the second cutting box 5-2 comprises a second lower box 5-2-1 and a second upper box 5-2-2; the first shear box 5-1 and the second shear box 5-2 are both in the shapes of an external straight plate and an internal semi-cylindrical groove, the inner diameter of the semi-cylindrical groove is the same as the outer diameter of the rock and soil sample 1, when the shear box 5 is used for a direct shear test, the rock and soil sample 1 is attached to the shear box 5, and thus, a displacement reading displayed by a displacement meter is the horizontal displacement of the rock and soil sample 1 subjected to direct shear; the top ends of the first lower box 5-1-1 and the second lower box 5-2-1 are respectively provided with a folded edge 5-3, and each folded edge 5-3 extends outwards relative to the rock soil sample 1, so that when the first lower box 5-1-1 and the first upper box 5-1-2 or the second lower box 5-2-1 and the second upper box 5-2-2 generate relative displacement during a direct shear test, the first upper box 5-1-2 or the second upper box 5-2-2 still has stability; the top ends of the two folded edges 5-3 are respectively provided with a first upper box 5-1-2 and a second upper box 5-2-2; the contact surfaces of the first lower box 5-1-1 and the first upper box 5-1-2 or the second lower box 5-2-1 and the second upper box 5-2-2 are smooth and are tightly connected, and relative displacement can occur; the center of the outer side of the first upper box 5-1-2 is fixedly provided with a bearing plate 5-4, a pressure sensor is embedded in the bearing plate 5-4 and used for recording the horizontal shearing force provided by the jack 7-2, the bearing plate 5-4 is preferably made of steel, and the lower end of the outer side of the second upper box 5-2-2 is provided with a displacement meter (not shown in the figure).
A first steel plate 6-1 and a second steel plate 6-2 are respectively arranged on the outer side of the shear box 5 relative to the rock soil sample 1; the steel ball 7-1 is arranged at the center of the bottom end of each of the first shearing box 5-1, the second shearing box 5-2, the first steel plate 6-1 and the second steel plate 6-2 and used for sliding in the first sliding groove 4-2-1 and the second sliding groove 4-2-2 respectively, the jack 7-2 is arranged at the position, close to the inner side of the heat preservation cavity 2, of the upper portion of the first steel plate 6-1 and corresponding to the bearing plate 5-4 and used for providing horizontal shearing force for the rock soil sample 1 in the direct shearing test, and the connecting steel plate 7-3 is fixedly arranged between the second shearing box 5-2 and the second steel plate 6-2 and used for keeping the stability of the second shearing box 5-2 in the direct shearing test.
The front end and the rear end of the first shearing box 5-1, the second shearing box 5-2 and the first steel plate 6-1 are respectively provided with a through threaded hole 7-4, the diameter of the through threaded hole 7-4 is preferably 2cm, and the first shearing box 5-1, the second shearing box 5-2 and the steel ball 7-1 arranged at the bottom of the first steel plate 6-1 are used for screwing an inserting tip with the length of preferably 103-104cm into the through threaded hole 7-4 to fix the first shearing box 5-1, the second shearing box 5-2, the first steel plate 6-1 and the second steel plate 6-2 when sliding to the corresponding limiting groove 4-3.
A water storage device 8 is arranged at the top end of the rock soil sample 1; the top of the water receiver 8 is connected with a constant temperature water tank 10 through a water guide hose 9 and is used for providing a stable and constant temperature water source for the rock and soil sample 1, and the bottom end of the water receiver 8 is connected with a lever 11 through a circular ring 8-1-1 and is used for providing the normal stress of the top of the rock and soil sample 1 during a direct shear test.
The water storage device 8 comprises a water storage cavity 8-1 and a water passing layer 8-2 which are in butt joint with each other in the center, the water storage cavity 8-1 and the water passing layer 8-2 are preferably cylindrical, the section radius of the water storage cavity 8-1 is twice that of the water passing layer 8-2, a circular ring 8-1-1 is arranged at each of the front, rear, left and right positions of the water storage cavity 8-1, which are beyond the section part of the water passing layer 8-2, a water storage device fixed pulley 8-1-2 is arranged at the lower end of each circular ring 8-1-1 and is used for being connected with the lever 11, a plurality of capillary channels 8-2-1 communicated with the water storage cavity 8-1 are arranged on the water passing layer 8-2 along the axial direction of the water storage device 8, and the capillary channels 8-2-1 have a certain inclination angle relative to the axial direction of the water storage device 8, specifically any one of 0 degree, 10 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees, and the inclination angle is set for simulating rainfall under different wind forces; the top of the water storage cavity 8-1 is provided with a water outlet 8-1-3, the water outlet 8-1-3 is communicated with the inside of the water storage cavity 8-1, and the water outlet 8-1-3 is connected with a constant temperature water tank 10 through a water guide hose 9.
The top of water receiver 8 is connected with constant temperature water tank 10 through water guide hose 9 for through computer control feedwater volume and the different rainfall intensity of nature of water supply speed simulation, specifically do: the top of the water storage device 8 is connected with a water supply flow meter 12 through a water guide hose 9, the water supply flow meter 12 is connected with an electromagnetic valve 13 through the water guide hose 9, the electromagnetic valve 13 is connected with a constant temperature water tank 10 through the water guide hose 9, the water supply flow meter 12 and the electromagnetic valve 13 are both connected with a temperature and humidity controller, and the water supply flow meter 12 is used for displaying water supply amount and water supply rate; the electromagnetic valve 13 is used for controlling the water replenishing amount and the water replenishing speed according to the temperature and humidity change curve.
The lever 11 comprises a support 11-1, a hard rod 11-2 is erected on the support 11-1, the hard rod 11-2 is divided into a force application end and a force bearing end by the position of the support 11-1, and the length ratio L1 of the force application end to the force bearing end is as follows: l2=2 to 5, which is determined according to experimental conditions specifically; two ends of a force application end and a force bearing end of the hard rod 11-2 are respectively provided with a ring, the ring of the force application end is connected with a weight 11-3 through a steel wire rope vertical to the ground and used for providing gravity, a ground fixed pulley 11-4 is arranged at the position of the projection of the ground of the ring of the force bearing end, four steel wire ropes with one ends connected to the ring of the force bearing end change directions through the ground fixed pulley 11-4 and are respectively connected with four water receiver fixed pulleys 8-1-2 arranged on a water storage cavity 8-1; the steel wire rope at the stress end is tangent to the ground fixed pulley 11-4 and each water receiver fixed pulley 8-1-2 as much as possible.
The weight 11-3 is vertically hung at the force application end of the lever 11, through the lever principle, a steel wire rope at the force application end has larger pulling force, the direction of the force is changed through the ground fixed pulley 11-4 and each water receiver fixed pulley 8-1-2, the water receiver 8 is further pulled downwards, pressure is generated on the upper surface of the rock soil sample 1, the weight of the applied weight is determined according to the pressure required by the experiment, and the weight is determined by specifically referring to a lever balance formula: f 1 L 1 =F 2 L 2 Wherein, F 1 Is the weight gravity with the unit of kN, L 1 Is the length of the force application end and has the unit of m and F 2 The pressure required for the experiment is expressed in kN, L 2 Is the length of the stressed end and has the unit of m.
According to the rock-soil strength and water salt migration test device based on the wet-thermal power coupling, the test process is as follows:
infiltration test:
placing a rock-soil sample 1 to a heat preservation cavity 2, sending a control signal to a temperature and humidity controller by a computer according to a set temperature and humidity change curve, controlling the water replenishing amount and the water replenishing speed of a constant-temperature water tank 10 by the temperature and humidity controller through an electromagnetic valve 13, simulating different rainfall intensities, displaying the water replenishing amount and the water replenishing speed on a water supply flowmeter 12, receiving the water replenishing of the constant-temperature water tank 10 by a water storage device 8 through a water guide hose 9, performing an infiltration test on the rock-soil sample 1 through a capillary channel 8-2-1 by setting different inclination angles, simulating the rainfall with different wind intensities through the capillary channel 8-2-1, and controlling a resistance wire by the temperature controller to regulate and control the temperature of the heat preservation cavity 2 to be consistent with the water temperature of the constant-temperature water tank 10 so as to eliminate temperature field difference caused by water replenishing test;
meanwhile, the temperature sensor 3-1 and the moisture salinity sensor 3-2 in the heat preservation cavity 2 feed back the real-time temperature of the heat preservation cavity 2 and the water supplementing amount and the water supplementing rate to the data acquisition unit through the water supply flow meter 12, the data acquisition unit transmits acquired real-time data to the computer, and the computer dynamically adjusts the temperature of the heat preservation cavity 2 and the water supplementing amount and the water supplementing rate of the electromagnetic valve 13 through a temperature and humidity controller according to a preset temperature and humidity change curve;
after the test is started, recording readings of four water and salt sensors 3-2 at each depth of the rock-soil sample 1 every 10min to 30min, and taking the average value of the four readings as the water and salt content of the rock-soil sample 1 at the depth; when the infiltration test is carried out, weights 11-3 with the weight required by the test are placed at the force application end of the lever 11 according to the size of the top surface design pressure of the rock soil sample 1 and the lever principle formula, so that the labor is saved, and the conditions that the large weight pressure is hard, the test condition is insufficient and the like during the test can be avoided.
Direct shear test:
if a direct shear test of the rock soil sample 1 in a dry state is required, after the infiltration test is finished, the temperature of the heat preservation cavity 2 is adjusted to 70 ℃ through a temperature and humidity controller, the rock soil sample 1 is dried for 24 hours, then the heat preservation cavity 2 is dismantled, if the dry state is not required, the heat preservation cavity 2 is directly dismantled, then a long insert pin is screwed into the through threaded hole 7-4 of the first shearing box 5-1 and the second shearing box 5-2, so that the first shearing box 5-1 and the second shearing box 5-2 are integrally pushed, the first shearing box 5-1, the second shearing box 5-2, the first steel plate 6-1 and the second steel plate 6-2 are slid, the steel ball 7-1 at the bottom of the first lower box 5-1-1 and the second lower box 5-2-1 is clamped into the limiting groove 4-3, so that the shearing box 5 is tightly attached to the side surface of the rock soil sample 1, the steel ball 7-1 at the bottom of the first steel plate 6-1 is clamped into the limiting groove 4-3 at the left side of the first lower box 5-1-1, the limiting groove is not arranged at the bottom of the steel ball 7-1 at the bottom of the second steel plate 6-2, then the long inserting pin is screwed into the through threaded hole 7-4 of the first steel plate 6-1 and screwed into the corresponding threaded hole 4-4 on the base 4, so that the first steel plate 6-1 is fixed on the base 4, then the long inserting pins in the through threaded holes 7-4 of the first shearing box 5-1 and the second shearing box 5-2 are pulled out, the short inserting pins are inserted into the through threaded holes 7-4 of the first shearing box 5-1 and the second shearing box 5-2, and the short inserting pins are screwed into the corresponding threaded holes 4-4 on the base 4 through a screwing tool, the length of the short inserted pins is shorter than that of the first lower box 5-1-1 and the second lower box 5-2-1, so that the first lower box 5-1 and the second lower box 5-2-1 are fixed on the base 4, different normal stresses are applied to the upper top surface of the rock-soil sample 1 through the add-subtract weight 11-3, then horizontal shearing stresses are applied through the jack 7-2, the jack 7-2 pushes the first upper box 5-1-2 and the second upper box 5-2-2, so that the first upper box 5-1-2, the first lower box 5-1-1, the second upper box 5-2-2 and the second lower box 5-2-1 generate relative displacement, the second steel plate 6-2 also generates relative displacement along with the displacement of the second upper box 5-2-2, the readings of the displacement meter and the pressure sensor (not shown in the figure) are recorded, the direct shear test of the rock-soil sample 1 is completed, the arrangement mode enables the rock-soil sample 1 to be more convenient to be taken out after the direct shear test is completed, the rock-soil sample is tested without test errors, and the test errors are avoided.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The device for testing the rock-soil strength and the water salt migration based on the wet-thermal power coupling is characterized by comprising a heat preservation cavity (2) for placing a rock-soil sample (1); a plurality of grooves (2-1) are formed in the heat preservation cavity (2), and a temperature sensor (3-1) and a moisture salinity sensor (3-2) are mounted in each groove (2-1); the bottom of the heat preservation cavity (2) is arranged on the base (4); the left side and the right side of the heat preservation cavity (2) are provided with a shearing box (5); the outer side of the shear box (5) relative to the rock soil sample (1) is respectively provided with a first steel plate (6-1) and a second steel plate (6-2); the top end of the rock soil sample (1) is provided with a water storage device (8); the top of the water storage device (8) is connected with a constant-temperature water tank (10), and the bottom end of the water storage device (8) is connected with a lever (11);
the cutting box (5) comprises a first cutting box (5-1) and a second cutting box (5-2); the first cutting box (5-1) comprises a first lower box (5-1-1) and a first upper box (5-1-2); the second cutting box (5-2) comprises a second lower box (5-2-1) and a second upper box (5-2-2); a bearing plate (5-4) is fixedly arranged at the center of the outer side of the first upper box (5-1-2), and a jack (7-2) is arranged at the position, corresponding to the bearing plate (5-4), of the inner side, close to the heat preservation cavity (2), of the upper part of the first steel plate (6-1); a connecting steel plate (7-3) is fixedly arranged between the second shearing box (5-2) and the second steel plate (6-2);
the center positions of the bottom ends of the first shearing box (5-1), the second shearing box (5-2), the first steel plate (6-1) and the second steel plate (6-2) are respectively provided with a steel ball (7-1); the front end and the rear end of the first shearing box (5-1), the second shearing box (5-2) and the first steel plate (6-1) are respectively provided with a through threaded hole (7-4);
the left side and the right side of the bottom of the heat preservation cavity (2) of the base (4) are respectively provided with a first sliding chute (4-2-1) and a second sliding chute (4-2-2); two limiting grooves (4-3) are arranged in the first sliding groove (4-2-1), and one limiting groove (4-3) is arranged in the second sliding groove (4-2-2);
threaded holes (4-4) are formed in the projection positions of all through threaded holes (7-4) arranged on the first shearing box (5-1), the second shearing box (5-2) and the first steel plate (6-1) on the base (4) in the vertical direction of each limiting groove (4-3) and the first sliding groove (4-2-1) or the second sliding groove (4-2-2);
the water storage device (8) comprises a water storage cavity (8-1) and a water passing layer (8-2) which are butted at the center; the front, rear, left and right positions of the section part of the water storage cavity (8-1) exceeding the water through layer (8-2) are respectively provided with a circular ring (8-1-1); the lower end of each circular ring (8-1-1) is provided with a water receiver fixed pulley (8-1-2); the water passing layer (8-2) is provided with a plurality of capillary channels (8-2-1) communicated with the water storage cavity (8-1) along the axial direction of the water storage device (8); the capillary channel (8-2-1) has an inclination with respect to the axial direction of the water reservoir (8); the top of the water storage cavity (8-1) is provided with a water outlet (8-1-3), the water outlet (8-1-3) is communicated with the inside of the water storage cavity (8-1), the water outlet (8-1-3) is connected with a water supply flowmeter (12) through a water guide hose (9), the water supply flowmeter (12) is connected with an electromagnetic valve (13) through the water guide hose (9), and the electromagnetic valve (13) is connected with a constant temperature water tank (10) through the water guide hose (9);
according to a set temperature and humidity change curve, a computer sends a control signal to a temperature and humidity controller, the temperature and humidity controller controls the water replenishing amount and the water replenishing speed of a constant-temperature water tank (10) through an electromagnetic valve (13), different rainfall intensities are simulated, the water replenishing amount and the water replenishing speed are displayed on a water supply flowmeter (12), a water storage device (8) receives the water replenishing of the constant-temperature water tank (10) through a water guide hose (9), the water replenishing is subjected to an infiltration test on a rock-soil sample (1) through a capillary channel (8-2-1) with different inclination angles, the rainfall with different wind intensities is simulated through the capillary channel (8-2-1) with different inclination angles, and meanwhile, the temperature and humidity controller controls a resistance wire to regulate and control the temperature of a heat preservation cavity (2) to be consistent with the water temperature of the constant-temperature water tank (10), and temperature field difference caused by water replenishing in the test is eliminated;
the lever (11) comprises a support (11-1), a hard rod (11-2) is erected on the support (11-1), two ends of a force application end and a force bearing end of the hard rod (11-2) are respectively provided with a ring, the force application end ring is connected with a weight (11-3) through a steel wire rope perpendicular to the ground, a ground fixed pulley (11-4) is arranged at the position of a ground projection of the force bearing end ring, and four steel wire ropes with one ends connected to the force bearing end ring are respectively connected with four water receiver fixed pulleys (8-1-2) arranged on the water storage cavity (8-1) through the ground fixed pulleys (11-4).
2. The device for testing geotechnical strength and water and salt migration based on wet-thermal coupling according to claim 1, wherein said insulating chamber (2) is a cylindrical chamber with upper and lower openings; a row of grooves (2-1) are respectively arranged at the front, back, left and right positions of the inner side of the heat preservation cavity (2) along the axial direction of the rock soil sample (1); each row of grooves (2-1) are arranged in the same way, each row of grooves (2-1) are uniformly provided with 5 grooves (2-1) along the axial direction of the rock-soil sample (1), and a temperature sensor (3-1) and a moisture salinity sensor (3-2) are arranged in each groove (2-1).
3. The rock-soil strength and water-salt migration test device based on the wet-thermal coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first shear box (5-1) and the second shear box (5-2) are both in the shape of an external straight plate and an internal semi-cylindrical groove, and the inner diameter of the semi-cylindrical groove is the same as the outer diameter of the rock-soil sample (1); the top ends of the first lower box (5-1-1) and the second lower box (5-2-1) are respectively provided with a folded edge (5-3), and each folded edge (5-3) extends outwards relative to the rock soil sample (1); the top ends of the two folded edges (5-3) are respectively provided with a first upper box (5-1-2) and a second upper box (5-2-2); the contact surfaces of the first lower box (5-1-1) and the first upper box (5-1-2) or the second lower box (5-2-1) and the second upper box (5-2-2) are smooth and can be relatively displaced; a pressure sensor is embedded in the bearing plate (5-4); and a displacement meter is arranged at the lower end of the outer side of the second upper box (5-2-2).
4. The geotechnical strength and water-salt migration test device based on wet-thermal coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein said capillary channel (8-2-1) has a certain inclination angle with respect to the axial direction of water reservoir (8), the inclination angle includes any one of 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °.
5. The device for testing geotechnical strength and water and salt migration based on wet and thermal coupling according to claim 1, wherein each of four corners of the base (4) is provided with a threaded cylinder (4-1), and each threaded cylinder (4-1) is screwed in through a threaded steel nail to fix the base (4) with the ground.
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| CN104126463B (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-20 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of regulatable artificially-simulated rainfall device |
| CN106769539B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-07-09 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of consideration seepage-stress-chemical Coupling Rock And Soil shear rheology instrument |
| CN206300849U (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-07-04 | 长安大学 | A kind of surrounding hoop type shear box three dimension stress direct shear apparatus |
| CN108020473A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-05-11 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Consider the Rock And Soil cutting creep instrument and its test method of drying and watering cycle |
| CN212349153U (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-01-15 | 刘凯 | Road bed water flow scouring simulation device for highway design |
| CN212301162U (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-01-05 | 武汉至科检测技术有限公司 | Shearing device for field direct shearing test |
| CN111562182A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-21 | 四川轻化工大学 | Rock joint seepage shear test device |
| CN111896446A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-06 | 河海大学 | Contact surface shear seepage test device and test method considering temperature effect |
| CN213148925U (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-05-07 | 南京林业大学 | Portable artificial rainfall simulation device |
| CN111948031A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-11-17 | 吉林大学 | Soil body direct shear test device considering water heating power salt coupling effect |
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