CN113527188B - 一种制备间位官能团化的吡啶化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备间位官能团化的吡啶化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN113527188B
CN113527188B CN202111093323.6A CN202111093323A CN113527188B CN 113527188 B CN113527188 B CN 113527188B CN 202111093323 A CN202111093323 A CN 202111093323A CN 113527188 B CN113527188 B CN 113527188B
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CN113527188A (zh
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王晓晨
刘中
贺家豪
田俊杰
周新悦
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Nankai University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种制备间位官能团化的吡啶化合物的方法,包括:S1,制备1,4‑二氢吡啶:在充满氮气的手套箱中,向反应瓶中依次加入催化剂、溶剂、频那醇硼烷和吡啶,搅拌,在40~110℃,反应5~12小时,得到1,4‑二氢吡啶;S2,催化吡啶间位官能团化:向上述反应瓶中加入亚胺、醛、酮或卤代试剂,在氮气氛围中搅拌至反应结束;减压蒸馏除去溶剂,柱层析分离得到间位官能团化的吡啶,反应温度为40~110℃,反应时间为5~24小时。该方法无需使用过渡金属催化剂,其反应条件温和、选择性好、官能团兼容性广。

Description

一种制备间位官能团化的吡啶化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化学合成领域,特别是涉及一种制备间位官能团化的吡啶化合物的方法。
背景技术
吡啶结构的化合物广泛存在于天然产物和药物分子中,直接的吡啶C-H键官能团化是合成和修饰吡啶类化合物最直接高效的方法。由于吡啶自身的缺电子性,其邻位和对位对于亲核取代反应具有较高活性。含吡啶骨架的药物分子的间位官能团化,一方面可以丰富药物分子的多样性,另一方面可以提高药物分子的生物活性,因此具有巨大的应用潜力。但是,由于间位的亲电取代反应活性较低,因此吡啶间位的官能团化存在一定挑战。
目前有两种策略可以实现吡啶间位的官能团化,其一是在高温条件下,吡啶的亲电取代反应。(S. M. McElvain, M. A. Goese. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 2227; K.Murakami, S. Yamada, T. Kaneda, K. Itami. Chem. Rev.2017, 117, 9302.):
Figure 81112DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
其二是采用过渡金属催化碳氢键活化的策略。(M. Ye, G.-L. Gao, A. J. F.Edmunds, P. A. Worthington, J. A. Morris, J.-Q. Yu. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011,133, 19090; M. Ye, G.-L. Gao, J.-Q. Yu. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2011, 133, 6964; I.A. I. Mkhalid, D. N. Coventry, D. Albesa-Jove, A. S. Batsanov, J. A. K.Howard, R. N. Perutz, T. B. Marder. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2006, 45, 489; J. M.Murphy, X. Liao, J. F. Hartwig. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 15434; M. A.Larsen, J. F. Hartwig. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 4287; C. Cheng, J. F.Hartwig. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 592.):
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
但上述这些方法的局限性比较大,比如在上述亲电取代反应中,反应需要的温度高达300 ℃,且适用的亲电试剂很少,而在碳氢键活化的策略中,一般需要大大过量的吡啶,而且通常得到吡啶邻位、对位和间位取代的混合物,难以分离纯化。
通过三芳基硼催化吡啶的硼氢化反应,可以得到1,4-二氢吡啶,再发生转移氢化反应,就能够实现吡啶的还原。(Z.-Y. Liu, Z.-H. Wen, X.-C. Wang. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2017, 56, 5817; J.-J. Tian, Z.-Y. Yang, X.-S. Liang, N. Liu, C.-Y.Hu, X.-S. Tu, X. Li, X.-C. Wang. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2020, 59, 18452.) 然而利用吡啶的硼氢化反应中得到的1,4-二氢吡啶来实现吡啶官能团化则一直没有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种制备间位官能团化的吡啶化合物的方法,该方法反应条件温和、区域选择性高、无需使用贵金属催化剂且官能团兼容性较好。
为此,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种制备间位官能团化的吡啶化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,制备1,4-二氢吡啶:
在充满氮气的手套箱中,向反应瓶中依次加入催化剂、溶剂、频那醇硼烷和吡啶,搅拌,使其充分反应,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,其反应式如下:
Figure 263832DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
其中:
所述催化剂为三芳基硼,其与吡啶的摩尔比为(10~15):100,其结构式为:B(R1)3,其中,R1为五氟苯基、3,5-二(三氟甲基)取代的苯基或2,4,6-三氟取代的苯基;
所述频那醇硼烷与吡啶的当量比为1.5:1;
所述溶剂为四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷或芳香溶剂;
反应温度为 40~110 ℃,反应时间为5~12 小时;
S2,催化吡啶间位官能团化:
向上述反应瓶中加入亚胺、醛、酮、氯代试剂或溴代试剂,在氮气氛围中搅拌至反应结束;减压蒸馏除去溶剂,柱层析分离后分别得到间位氨甲基、苄基、羟甲基、氯或溴取代的吡啶化合物,其反应式分别如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
其中,反应温度为 40~110 ℃,反应时间为5~24 小时;
在上述吡啶、1,4-二氢吡啶和间位氨甲基、羟甲基、苄基、氯或溴取代的吡啶化合物的结构式中,R2为烯基、芳基、烷基、卤素、酯基或杂芳基取代基;R3为烷基;R4为叔丁氧羰基或苄氧羰基;R5为芳基、烷基或杂芳基取代基;R6为芳基;R7为酯基;R8为酯基或三氟甲基;R9为氯或溴。
优选的是,在步骤S1的反应物中还加入4Å分子筛,所述4Å分子筛与吡啶的投料比为50 mg/0.2 mmol。
优选的是,步骤S2中,所述的亚胺为:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
;所述的醛为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
;所述的酮为:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
;所述的卤代试剂为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
当所述R2为卤素时,所述卤素为氟、氯或碘;
当所述R2为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基为呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基。
优选的是,所述R3为甲基。
当所述R5为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基为呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基。
优选的是,所述R6为间硝基或间三氟甲基取代的苯基。
优选的是,所述R7为甲酯基或乙酯基。
当所述R8为酯基时,所述酯基为甲酯基或乙酯基。
本发明以三芳基硼为催化剂,通过制备1,4-二氢吡啶和催化吡啶间位官能团化两步串联反应,实现了吡啶间位官能团化反应,合成了一系列间位取代的吡啶产物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1. 本发明反应条件温和,最低反应温度仅需40℃;
2. 本发明中,吡啶原料仅需1当量,原子的利用率高,避免了资源的浪费;
3. 本发明单一地得到了间位取代的吡啶化合物,区域选择性高;
4. 本发明的吡啶底物适用范围广,单取代和多取代的吡啶、吡啶的衍生物等均可;官能团兼容性强,可以是芳基、烷基、卤素、烯基、杂芳基等;
5. 本发明采用硼催化剂替代过渡金属,降低了生产成本,减少了环境污染;
6. 本发明适用于含吡啶结构药物分子的后期官能团化修饰,可应用于药物研发和生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的方法进行详细说明。
以下实施例的反应式中,LA为催化剂;HBpin为频那醇硼烷;MS为分子筛;THF为四氢呋喃;equiv为当量。
实施例1
一种制备3-(1-苯基N-Boc甲氨基)-5-苯基吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)13.0 mg(0.02 mmol, 10.0 mol %)、4Å分子筛50 mg、1 mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷38.4 mg(0.3 mmol, 1.5 equiv)和3-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0 mg(0.2 mmol, 1.0 equiv)依次加入到8 mL反应小瓶中,在80℃下反应5小时,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
其中,催化剂LA为B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3,结构式如下:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
S2,体系冷却至室温,将82.0 mg(0.4 mmol,2.0 equiv)苯甲醛N-Boc亚胺(2a)加入到上述反应小瓶中,在80℃下反应14小时,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-(1-苯基N-Boc甲氨基)-5-苯基吡啶 (tert-butyl (phenyl(5-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methyl)carbamate)(3a),其为白色固体,收率为80%。
产物表征如下:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.70 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (d, J = 2.0Hz, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.52 – 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.45 – 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.39 – 7.37(m, 1H), 7.35 – 7.25 (m, 5H), 6.01 (s, 1H), 5.57 (s, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H). 13CNMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.2, 147.6, 147.3, 141.0, 137.8, 137.7, 136.5,133.2, 129.2, 129.1, 128.3, 128.0, 127.5, 127.3, 80.3, 56.8, 28.5. HRMS-ESI:m/z calculated for C23H24N2O2Na+ (M+Na)+ 383.1730, found 383.1733.
实施例2
一种制备3-(1-苯基N-Boc甲氨基)-5-苄基吡啶的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3 13.0 mg(0.02mmol, 10.0 mol %)、4Å分子筛(50 mg)、1 mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷38.4 mg(0.3 mmol,1.5 equiv)和3-苄基吡啶(1b)33.8 mg(0.2 mmol, 1.0 equiv)依次加入到8 mL反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应12小时,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,苯甲醛N-Boc亚胺(2a)82.0 mg(0.4 mmol, 2.0 equiv)加入到反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应24小时,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到产物3-(1-苯基N-Boc甲氨基)-5-苄基吡啶(tert-butyl ((5-benzylpyridin- 3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)carbamate)(3b),其为白色固体,收率为72%。
产物表征:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.34 – 8.33 (m, 2H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.32 –7.25 (m, 5H), 7.21 – 7.17 (m, 3H), 7.13 – 7.11 (m, 2H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 5.42(s, 1H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.1, 149.2,146.8, 141.0, 139.7, 137.6, 136.3, 135.2, 129.0, 128.9, 128.8, 127.9, 127.5,126.6, 80.2, 56.7, 39.1, 28.4. HRMS-ESI: m/z calculated for C24H27N2O2 + (M+H)+375.2067, found 375.2069.
实施例3
一种3-(1-苯基N-Boc甲氨基)-5-苯基-6-甲基吡啶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)13.0 mg(0.02 mmol,10.0 mol %)、4Å分子筛(50 mg)、1 mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷38.4 mg(0.3 mmol,1.5 equiv)和2-甲基-3-苯基吡啶(1c)33.8 mg(0.2 mmol,1.0 equiv)依次加入到8 mL反应小瓶中,在40 ℃下反应12小时,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,苯甲醛N-Boc亚胺(2a)82.0 mg(0.4 mmol,2.0 equiv)加入到反应小瓶中,在40 ℃下反应24小时,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-(1-苯基N-Boc甲氨基)-5-苯基-6-甲基吡啶(tert-butyl ((6-methyl-5- phenylpyridin-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)carbamate) (3c),其为白色固体,收率为66%。
产物表征:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.44 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.44 – 7.25 (m,11H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (101MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.1, 155.1, 146.9, 141.2, 139.9, 136.9, 136.1, 135.2, 129.2,129.1, 128.6, 128.0, 127.7, 127.5, 80.4, 56.6, 28.5, 23.2. HRMS-ESI: m/zcalculated for C24H27N2O2 + (M+H)+ 375.2067, found 375.2063.
实施例4
一种3-(1-环己基N-Boc甲氨基)-5-苯基吡啶的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)13.0 mg(0.02 mmol,10.0 mol %)、4Å分子筛(50 mg)、1 mL 四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷38.4 mg(0.3 mmol,1.5 equiv)、3-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0 mg(0.2 mmol,1.0 equiv)依次加入到8 mL反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应12小时,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,环己基甲醛N-Boc亚胺(2b)84.4 mg(0.4 mmol,2.0 equiv)加入到反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应24小时,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-(1-环己基N-Boc甲氨基)-5-苯基吡啶 (tert-butyl (cyclohexyl(5-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methyl)carbamate) (3d),其为白色固体,收率为55%。
产物表征:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.73 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.69(t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 – 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.50 – 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.43 – 7.39(m, 1H), 5.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (s, 1H), 1.90 – 1.49 (m, 5H), 1.42(s, 9H), 1.26 – 0.96 (m, 6H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.6, 147.6, 147.1,138.0, 136.4, 133.1, 129.2, 128.3, 127.4, 79.9, 58.2, 43.4, 30.2, 29.2, 28.5,26.3, 26.2, 26.1. HRMS-ESI: m/z calculated for C23H31N2O2 + (M+H)+ 367.2380,found 367.2383.
实施例5
一种3-(4-硝基苄基)-5-苯基吡啶的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)13.0 mg(0.02 mmol,10.0 mol %)、4Å分子筛(50 mg)、1 mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷38.4 mg(0.3 mmol,1.5 equiv)和3-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0 mg(0.2 mmol,1.0 equiv)依次加入到8 mL反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应12小时,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,4-硝基苯甲醛(2c)60.4 mg(0.4 mmol,2.0 equiv)加入到反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应24小时,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
4-硝基苯甲醛(2c)的结构式为:
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-(4-硝基苄基)-5-苯基吡啶 (3-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-5-phenylpyridine)(3e),其为白色固体,收率为51%。
产物表征:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 2H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.55 – 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.49 – 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.42 – 7.38(m, 3H), 4.16 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 148.9, 147.5, 147.1, 147.0,137.6, 137.0, 134.9, 134.8, 129.9, 129.3, 128.5, 127.3, 124.2, 39.0.HRMS-ESI:m/z calculated for C18H15N2O2 +(M+H)+ 291.1128, found 291.1127.
实施例6
一种2-羟基-2-(5-苯基-3吡啶基)丙二酸二乙酯的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)13.0 mg(0.02 mmol,10.0 mol %)、4Å分子筛(50 mg)、1 mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷38.4 mg(0.3 mmol,1.5 equiv)和3-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0 mg(0.2 mmol,1.0 equiv)依次加入到8 mL反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应12小时,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
其中,催化剂LA与实施例1相同,为B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,酮基丙二酸二乙酯(2d)69.6 mg(0.4 mmol,2.0 equiv)加入到反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应24小时,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
酮基丙二酸二乙酯(2d)的结构式为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物2-羟基-2-(5-苯基-3吡啶基)丙二酸二乙酯(diethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(5-phenylpyridin-3-yl)malonate)(3f),其为白色固体,收率为58%。
产物表征:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.89 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.82 (d, J = 2.1Hz, 1H), 8.23 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (t, J = 7.4Hz, 2H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (s, 1H), 4.34 (qq, J = 10.7, 7.1 Hz,4H), 1.32 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 6H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 169.4, 148.1, 147.3,137.7, 136.1, 133.2, 132.0, 129.3, 128.4, 127.4, 78.9, 63.6, 14.1. HRMS-ESI:m/z calculated for C18H20NO5 + (M+H)+ 330.1336, found 330.1333.
实施例7
一种3-氯-5-苯基吡啶的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,催化剂(LA)13.0 mg(0.02 mmol,10.0 mol %)、1 mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷38.4 mg(0.3 mmol,1.5 equiv)和3-苯基吡啶 (1a)31.0 mg(0.2mmol,1.0 equiv)依次加入到8 mL反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应12小时,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
其中,催化剂LA为B(2,4,6-F3C6H3)3,结构式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
S2,体系冷却至室温,N-氯代邻磺酰苯酰亚胺(2e)87.0 mg(0.4 mmol,2.0 equiv)加入到反应小瓶中,在40 ℃下反应12小时,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
N-氯代邻磺酰苯酰亚胺(2e)的结构式为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-氯-5-苯基吡啶 (3-chloro-5-phenylpyridine)(3g),其为白色固体,收率为82%。
产物表征:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.86 (t, J = 2.0Hz, 1H), 7.60–7.53 (m, 2H), 7.52–7.40 (m, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ147.4, 146.2, 138.0, 136.5, 134.2, 132.3, 129.4, 128.8, 127.3. HRMS-ESI: m/zcalculated for C11H9ClN(M+H)+ 190.0418, found 190.0417.
实施例8
一种3-溴-5-苯基吡啶的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,在充满氮气的手套箱中,将催化剂(LA)8.0 mg(0.02 mmol,10.0 mol %)、1 mL四氢呋喃、频那醇硼烷38.4 mg(0.3 mmol,1.5 equiv)和3-苯基吡啶(1a)31.0 mg(0.2mmol,1.0 equiv) 依次加入到8 mL反应小瓶中,在80 ℃下反应12小时,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
其中,催化剂LA与实施例7相同,为B(2,4,6-F3C6H3)3
S2,体系冷却至室温,将N-溴代邻磺酰苯酰亚胺(2f)104.0 mg(0.4 mmol,2.0equiv) 加入到反应小瓶中,在40 ℃下反应12小时,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
N-溴代邻磺酰苯酰亚胺(2f)的结构式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
反应完成后,旋蒸除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到产物3-溴-5-苯基吡啶的合成(3-bromo -5-phenylpyridine)(3h),其为白色固体,收率为62%。
产物表征:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.75 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (d, J = 2.0Hz, 1H), 8.01 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.56–7.53 (m, 2H), 7.50–7.46 (m, 2H),7.45–7.41 (m, 1H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 149.5, 146.5, 138.4, 137.0,136.4, 129.4, 128.9, 127.3, 121.1. HRMS-ESI: m/z calculated for C11H9BrN+(M+H)+233.9913, found 233.9913.

Claims (10)

1.一种制备间位官能团化的吡啶化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,制备1,4-二氢吡啶:
在充满氮气的手套箱中,向反应瓶中依次加入催化剂、溶剂、频那醇硼烷和吡啶,搅拌,使其充分反应,得到1,4-二氢吡啶,其反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
其中:
所述催化剂为三芳基硼,其与吡啶的摩尔比为(10~15):100,其结构式为:B(R1)3,其中,R1为五氟苯基、3,5-二(三氟甲基)取代的苯基或2,4,6-三氟取代的苯基;
所述频那醇硼烷与吡啶的当量比为1.5:1;
所述溶剂为四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷或芳香溶剂;
反应温度为 40~110 ℃,反应时间为5~12 小时;
S2,催化吡啶间位官能团化:
向上述反应瓶中加入亚胺、醛、酮、氯代试剂或溴代试剂,在氮气氛围中搅拌至反应结束;减压蒸馏除去溶剂,柱层析分离后分别得到间位氨甲基、苄基、羟甲基、氯或溴取代的吡啶化合物,其反应式分别如下:
Figure 702801DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 432991DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure 275045DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
其中,反应温度为 40~110 ℃,反应时间为5~24 小时;
在上述吡啶、1,4-二氢吡啶和间位氨甲基、羟甲基、苄基、氯或溴取代的吡啶化合物的结构式中,R2为烯基、芳基、烷基、卤素、酯基或杂芳基取代基;R3为烷基;R4为叔丁氧羰基或苄氧羰基;R5为芳基、烷基或杂芳基取代基;R6为芳基;R7为酯基;R8为酯基或三氟甲基。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于:在步骤S1的反应物中还加入4Å分子筛,所述4Å分子筛与吡啶的投料比为50 mg/0.2 mmol。
3.根据权利要求 1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述的亚胺为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
;所述的醛为:
Figure 483303DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
;所述的酮为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
;所述的氯代试剂为
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
或者
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
,所述的溴代试剂为
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
或者
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于: 所述R2为卤素时,所述卤素为氟、氯或碘。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R2为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基为呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R3为甲基。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述 R5为杂芳基时,所述杂芳基为呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R6为间硝基或间三氟甲基取代的苯基。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R7为甲酯基或乙酯基。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述R8为酯基时,所述酯基为甲酯基或乙酯基。
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