CN113519726A - 一种改善大黄鱼体色及提高其品质的调色配合饲料 - Google Patents
一种改善大黄鱼体色及提高其品质的调色配合饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种改善大黄鱼体色及提高其品质的调色配合饲料，涉及水产养殖饲料技术领域。本发明的调色配合饲料，由以下原料制成：鱼粉、鸡肠粉、发酵豆粕、棉籽蛋白粉、豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、膨化大豆、面粉、海带粉、鱼溶浆、豆油、鱼油、氯化胆碱、磷酸二氢钙、维生素预混料、矿物质、调色剂，调色剂选自：玉米黄质和虾青素中的一种或两种。本发明的调色配合饲料可改善大黄鱼的体色，提高其品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖饲料技术领域，特别是涉及一种改善大黄鱼体色及提高其品质的调色配合饲料。
背景技术
大黄鱼是我国四大海产之一，因身体呈黄色而得名，我国已成为世界上最大的大黄鱼养殖国家。大黄鱼本身不能合成色素，在天然环境下主要依赖天然饵料来获取色素，自然环境下饵料种类和数量比较丰富，大黄鱼在体内积累的色素也较多。因此，自然环境下生长的大黄鱼体色体侧呈黄色，唇红，条形修长，价格较为昂贵。人工养殖的大黄鱼主要从饲料和浮游生物中获取色素，但是水产养殖密度高，浮游生物数量少，养殖的大黄鱼获取色素的途径少，导致人工养殖的大黄鱼的体色偏白，达不到高品质的要求，影响鱼农的经济效益。因此，亟需一种既能改善大黄鱼体色又能提高其品质的调色配合饲料。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对上述问题，提供一种改善大黄鱼体色及提高其品质的调色配合饲料，在改善大黄鱼体色的同时提高其品质，适合市场的需求。
一种改善大黄鱼体色及提高其品质的调色配合饲料，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：
鱼粉15-25％，鸡肠粉10-20％，发酵豆粕5-8％，棉籽蛋白粉5-10％，豆粕1-5％，玉米蛋白粉8-12％，膨化大豆粉5-8％，面粉13-15％，海带粉1-3％，鱼溶浆2-3％，豆油3-5％，鱼油3-5％，氯化胆碱0.2-0.4％，磷酸二氢钙1-2％，维生素预混料0.3-0.5％，矿物质0.5-1％，调色剂0.3-0.5％；
所述调色剂选自：玉米黄质和虾青素中的一种或两种。
上述调色配合饲料中，鱼溶浆等原料对大黄鱼的诱食性好，不饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇有利于大黄鱼的生长，抗氧化剂可提高大黄鱼的活力和免疫力，各成分配合可以增加大黄鱼的体色和光泽度，改善大黄鱼的条形，提升大黄鱼的品质。
在其中一个实施例中，所述调色剂为玉米黄质和虾青素的混合物，玉米黄质和虾青素的混合质量比例为(2-3)：(1-2)。
在其中一个实施例中，所述维生素预混料包括维生素和载体。
在其中一个实施例中，所述维生素选自：维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素B2、维生素B12、泛酸钙、烟酸、生物素、肌醇和叶酸中的一种或两种以上。
在其中一个实施例中，所述载体为麦麸。麦麸可以选用粗麦麸和细麦麸。
在其中一个实施例中，所述维生素预混料由以下质量百分比的原料制成：所述维生素预混料由以下质量百分比的原料制成：维生素A 0.5-0.7％，维生素D 0.05-0.08％，维生素E 0.5-0.7％，维生素K 0.4-0.6％，维生素B1 0.8-1.0％，维生素B6 0.6-0.8％，维生素B2 0.6-0.8％，维生素B12 0.004-0.006％，泛酸钙0.5-0.7％，烟酸0.8-1.0％，生物素0.008-0.010％，肌醇3.7-3.9％，叶酸0.04-0.06％和细麦麸90-91％。
在其中一个实施例中，所述维生素预混料由以下质量百分比的原料制成：维生素A0.6％，维生素D 0.07％，维生素E 0.6％，维生素K 0.5％，维生素B1 0.9％，维生素B60.7％，维生素B2 0.7％，维生素B12 0.005％，泛酸钙0.6％，烟酸0.9％，生物素0.009％，肌醇3.8％，叶酸0.05％和细麦麸90.566％。
在其中一个实施例中，所述矿物质选自：硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、***钠、氯化钾、氯化钴、硫酸和沸石粉中的一种或两种以上。
在其中一个实施例中，所述矿物质由以下质量百分比的原料制成：硫酸亚铁5.5-5.9％，硫酸铜0.05-0.07％，硫酸锌0.7-0.9％，硫酸锰0.05-0.06％，***钠0.004-0.006％，氯化钾0.02-0.04％，氯化钴0.05-0.07％，硫酸镁7.0-7.4％和沸石粉86.0-86.5％。
在其中一个实施例中，所述矿物质由以下质量百分比的原料制成：硫酸亚铁5.7％，硫酸铜0.06％，硫酸锌0.8％，硫酸锰0.056％，***钠0.005％，氯化钾0.03％，氯化钴0.06％，硫酸镁7.2％和沸石粉86.089％。
在其中一个实施例中，所述虾青素可以采用市面上在售的产品，如红发夫酵母虾青素，也可以采用以下方法制备得到：取红发夫酵母培养液，浓缩成酵母泥，调节pH值为4-6，均质破壁，干燥即得。
在其中一个实施例中，所述虾青素采用以下方法制备得到：
(1)将含水量超过60％红发夫酵母的培养液进行浓缩，得到酵母泥；
(2)用0.5-1mol/L苹果酸或柠檬酸调节酵母泥的pH值为4-6；
(3)在高压均质机中80-100MPa高压破壁2-4次；
(4)破壁后进行喷雾干燥，调节进风口温度为160-200℃，出风口温度为70-80℃，物料干燥时间不超过1min，干燥物料水分5-10％。
本发明还提供一种上述调色配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
配料：将除豆油和鱼油以外的原料粉碎、过筛，加水混合，得到混合料；
制粒：混合料调质和膨化制粒，烘干，喷涂豆油和鱼油，冷却，即得。
上述制备方法中，对原料进行粉碎、调质等处理，有利于大黄鱼对营养物质的消化和吸收。
在其中一个实施例中，所述配料步骤中混合时间为1-5min，调质时间为120-150℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的调色配合饲料，对大黄鱼具有很好的诱食性，营养成分可提高大黄鱼的活力和免疫力，利于大黄鱼的生长，各成分配合可以增加大黄鱼的体色和光泽度，改善大黄鱼的条形，提升大黄鱼的品质。本发明的制备方法，有助于大黄鱼消化吸收，操作简单，有利于工业化生产，具有经济效益。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将结合较佳的实施例对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1
一种调色配合饲料，由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：
鱼粉25％，鸡肠粉10％，发酵豆粕5％，棉籽蛋白粉10％，豆粕1.8％，玉米蛋白粉10％，膨化大豆粉5％，面粉15％，海带粉1％，鱼溶浆4％，豆油4.5％，鱼油4.5％，氯化胆碱0.3％，磷酸二氢钙2％，维生素预混料0.5％，矿物质预混料1％，虾青素0.2％，玉米黄质0.2％。
其中，虾青素采用以下方法制备得到：将红发夫酵母的培养液(含水量≥60％)进行浓缩，得到酵母泥；用1mol/L苹果酸调节pH值为5，在高压均质机中90MPa高压破壁3次，至所有细胞均破壁；破壁结束后进行喷雾干燥，进风口温度控制在160-200℃，出风口温度控制在70-80℃，物料干燥时间不超过1min，干燥物料水分含量5-10wt％，干燥物料中虾青素含量约为0.4wt％。
维生素预混料由以下质量百分比的原料组成：维生素A 0.6％，维生素D 0.07％，维生素E 0.6％，维生素K 0.5％，维生素B1 0.9％，维生素B6 0.7％，维生素B2 0.7％，维生素B12 0.005％，泛酸钙0.6％，烟酸0.9％，生物素0.009％，肌醇3.8％，叶酸0.05％和细麦麸90.566％。
矿物质预混料由以下质量百分比的原料组成：硫酸亚铁5.7％，硫酸铜0.06％，硫酸锌0.8％，硫酸锰0.056％，***钠0.005％，氯化钾0.03％，氯化钴0.06％，硫酸镁7.2％和沸石粉86.089％。
调色配合饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)除鱼油、豆油、海带粉、维生素预混料、矿物质预混料、氯化胆碱和调色剂外，其余原料经粗粉碎进配料仓。
(2)将除鱼油和豆油以外的原料混合，混合时间约90s，进行超微粉碎，95％过80目。
(3)以1公斤饲料加50公斤水计，加水混合，混合时间约180s。
(4)调质、制粒，调质温度为120℃，制粒后烘干、过筛。
(5)过完筛喷涂油脂(鱼油和豆油)，喷涂完进行冷却和打包。
实施例2
一种调色配合饲料，与实施例1的区别在于，由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：
鱼粉25％，鸡肠粉10％，发酵豆粕5％，棉籽蛋白粉10％，豆粕1.8％，玉米蛋白粉10％，膨化大豆粉5％，面粉15％，海带粉1％，鱼溶浆4％，豆油4.5％，鱼油4.5％，氯化胆碱0.3％，磷酸二氢钙2％，维生素预混料0.5％，矿物质预混料1％，玉米黄质0.4％。
实施例3
一种调色配合饲料，与实施例1的区别在于，由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：
鱼粉25％，鸡肠粉10％，发酵豆粕5％，棉籽蛋白粉10％，豆粕1.8％，玉米蛋白粉10％，膨化大豆粉5％，面粉15％，海带粉1％，鱼溶浆4％，豆油4.5％，鱼油4.5％，氯化胆碱0.3％，磷酸二氢钙2％，维生素预混料0.5％，矿物质预混料1％，玉米黄质0.3％，虾青素0.1％。
对比例1
一种配合饲料，与实施例1的区别在于，由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：
鱼粉25％，鸡肠粉10％，发酵豆粕5％，棉籽蛋白粉10％，豆粕1.8％，玉米蛋白粉10％，膨化大豆粉5％，面粉15.4％，海带粉1％，鱼溶浆4％，豆油4.5％，鱼油4.5％，氯化胆碱0.3％，磷酸二氢钙2％，维生素预混料0.5％，矿物质预混料1％。
实验例1
采用上述调色配合饲料人工养殖大黄鱼，试验地在福建宁德。实验网箱采用大框，每个大框有6个3.3m×3.3m×6m小框，大黄鱼的规格约为180g/条。
将网箱随机均分为5组，第1组(空白组)用冰鲜鱼进行养殖，第2组用实施例1的配合饲料进行养殖，第3组用实施例2的配合饲料进行养殖，第4组用实施例3的配合饲料养殖，第5组用对比例1的配合饲料进行养殖。投喂次数一天两次，投喂一次约1h吃完，投喂时间和投喂量相同。
经过6个月的养殖试验，随机取30尾重量相当的鱼测定体高体长比，以及背部、腹部、唇部的胡萝卜素含量，结果如下表1所示。
表1养殖试验结果
与投喂冰鲜鱼及与降低色素组相比，本发明的配合饲料可以显著性地增加黄鱼的体色，说明大黄鱼本身合成类胡萝卜素的能力很低，需要从外界获取。
从试验组背部和腹部色素沉积看，第2组的大黄鱼的光泽度比其它组鱼的光泽度好，且易在唇部积累类胡萝卜素，这为仿野生大黄鱼的配合饲料提供了技术指导。从体高/体长看，各个试验组的条形都比第1组要好很多，说明投喂本发明的配合饲料可以显著性的改变大黄鱼的条形。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种改善大黄鱼体色及提高其品质的调色配合饲料，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：
鱼粉15-25％，鸡肠粉10-20％，发酵豆粕5-8％，棉籽蛋白粉5-10％，豆粕1-5％，玉米蛋白粉8-12％，膨化大豆粉5-8％，面粉13-15％，海带粉1-3％，鱼溶浆2-3％，豆油3-5％，鱼油3-5％，氯化胆碱0.2-0.4％，磷酸二氢钙1-2％，维生素预混料0.3-0.5％，矿物质0.5-1％，调色剂0.3-0.5％；
所述调色剂选自：玉米黄质和虾青素中的一种或两种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调色配合饲料，其特征在于，所述调色剂为玉米黄质和虾青素的混合物，玉米黄质和虾青素的混合质量比例为(2-3)：(1-2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的调色配合饲料，其特征在于，所述维生素预混料包括维生素和载体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的调色配合饲料，其特征在于，所述维生素选自：维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素B2、维生素B12、泛酸钙、烟酸、生物素、肌醇和叶酸中的一种或两种以上；所述载体为麦麸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的调色配合饲料，其特征在于，所述维生素预混料由以下质量百分比的原料制成：维生素A 0.5-0.7％，维生素D 0.05-0.08％，维生素E 0.5-0.7％，维生素K 0.4-0.6％，维生素B1 0.8-1.0％，维生素B6 0.6-0.8％，维生素B2 0.6-0.8％，维生素B12 0.004-0.006％，泛酸钙0.5-0.7％，烟酸0.8-1.0％，生物素0.008-0.010％，肌醇3.7-3.9％，叶酸0.04-0.06％和细麦麸90-91％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的调色配合饲料，其特征在于，所述矿物质选自：硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、***钠、氯化钾、氯化钴、硫酸和沸石粉中的一种或两种以上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的调色配合饲料，其特征在于，所述矿物质由以下质量百分比的原料制成：硫酸亚铁5.5-5.9％，硫酸铜0.05-0.07％，硫酸锌0.7-0.9％，硫酸锰0.05-0.06％，***钠0.004-0.006％，氯化钾0.02-0.04％，氯化钴0.05-0.07％，硫酸镁7.0-7.4％和沸石粉86.0-86.5％。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的调色配合饲料，其特征在于，所述虾青素采用以下方法制备得到：取红发夫酵母培养液，浓缩成酵母泥，调节pH值为4-6，均质破壁，干燥即得。
9.一种权利要求1-8任一项所述的调色配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
配料：将除豆油和鱼油以外的原料粉碎、过筛，加水混合，得到混合料；
制粒：混合料调质和膨化制粒，烘干，喷涂豆油和鱼油，冷却，即得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述配料步骤中混合时间为1-5min，调质时间为120-150℃。
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