CN113517431B - Preparation method of positive electrode composite material, positive electrode composite material and secondary battery - Google Patents
Preparation method of positive electrode composite material, positive electrode composite material and secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113517431B CN113517431B CN202110713669.5A CN202110713669A CN113517431B CN 113517431 B CN113517431 B CN 113517431B CN 202110713669 A CN202110713669 A CN 202110713669A CN 113517431 B CN113517431 B CN 113517431B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a positive electrode composite material, the positive electrode composite material and a secondary battery. The preparation method of the positive electrode composite material comprises the following steps: adding conductive carbon material powder into the soluble positive electrode active material solution, and fully mixing to obtain a first mixed solution; adding an organic solvent which can be mutually soluble with water into the first mixed solution to obtain a second mixed solution; and filtering the second mixed solution, and collecting filter residues, wherein the filter residues are the required anode composite material. According to the preparation method of the positive electrode composite material, the conductive carbon material powder adsorbs the soluble positive electrode active material, and then the soluble positive electrode active material penetrating into micropores of the conductive carbon material powder is separated out through the organic solvent capable of being mutually soluble with water, so that the soluble positive electrode active material forms tiny particles uniformly attached to the conductive carbon material powder, and the positive electrode composite material is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of secondary batteries, in particular to a preparation method of a positive electrode composite material, the positive electrode composite material prepared by the preparation method of the positive electrode composite material and a secondary battery comprising the positive electrode composite material.
Background
In daily life, secondary batteries, especially lithium ion secondary batteries, are widely used in mobile phones, notebook computers and other digital products, and are indispensable energy storage devices. At present, the anode material applied to the lithium ion battery mainly adopts lithium ion intercalation transition metal layered oxide, such as LiCoO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 And so on. The charge and discharge process of the material depends on the ordered insertion and extraction of lithium ions in the lattice structure of the material, and the capacity and the cycling stability of the material are mainly determined by the stability of the crystal structure of the material. During charge and discharge, once the crystal structure is destroyed or loses restorability, the capacity of the battery is deteriorated and cycle performance is deteriorated.
In addition, most of the traditional lithium ion intercalation cathode materials can only carry out single-electron redox reaction in the charging and discharging processes, so that the available specific capacity is usually lower than 200mAh/g, and the energy density of the lithium ion battery is lower. The current lithium ion batteries based on the traditional anode materials have defects in application fields with higher energy density requirements, such as hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles and the like.
In order to develop alternative high-capacity cathode materials to break through the bottleneck encountered by the conventional cathode materials at present, molecular cluster ionic compounds have been researched and developed as cathode materials. However, the type of material prepared using prior art synthesis methods presents large, tens of micron sized particles. The large-size particles cause poor conductivity of the material, and influence the exertion of material capacity. The electrochemical performance of the material can be improved by thinning the particle size, but nano-sized particles of the cathode material are difficult to be uniformly dispersed in the conductive agent, and the electrochemical performance is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a method for preparing a positive electrode composite material that can solve the above problems.
In addition, it is necessary to provide a positive electrode composite material prepared by the above method for preparing a positive electrode composite material and a secondary battery including the positive electrode composite material.
A preparation method of a positive electrode composite material comprises the following steps:
dissolving a soluble positive electrode active material in water to obtain a soluble positive electrode active material solution;
adding conductive carbon material powder into the soluble positive electrode active material solution, fully mixing to enable the conductive carbon material powder to be uniformly dispersed in the soluble positive electrode active material, and enabling the soluble positive electrode active material to penetrate into micropores of the conductive carbon material powder to obtain a first mixed solution;
adding an organic solvent which can be mutually soluble with water into the first mixed solution to separate out the soluble positive electrode active material which permeates into the micropores of the conductive carbon material powder to obtain a second mixed solution; and
and filtering the second mixed solution, and collecting filter residues, wherein the filter residues are the required anode composite material.
The positive electrode composite material is prepared by the preparation method of the positive electrode composite material.
A secondary battery comprises the positive electrode composite material.
According to the preparation method of the positive electrode composite material, the conductive carbon material powder adsorbs the soluble positive electrode active material, and then the soluble positive electrode active material penetrating into micropores of the conductive carbon material powder is separated out through the organic solvent capable of being mutually soluble with water, so that the soluble positive electrode active material forms tiny particles uniformly attached to the conductive carbon material powder, and the positive electrode composite material is obtained.
In the positive electrode composite material prepared by the preparation method of the positive electrode composite material, the tiny particles formed by the soluble positive electrode active material are uniformly attached to the conductive carbon material powder, so that the problem that the nano-sized positive electrode material particles are difficult to uniformly disperse in a conductive agent is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Wherein:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for preparing a positive electrode composite material according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 shows K in example 1 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]Scanning electron microscopy of (a).
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the positive electrode composite material obtained in example 1.
Fig. 4 is an elemental energy spectrum distribution diagram of the positive electrode composite material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the charge and discharge cycle performance of the secondary batteries manufactured in example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for preparing the positive electrode composite material according to the embodiment shown in fig. 1 includes the following steps.
And S10, dissolving the soluble positive electrode active material in water to obtain a soluble positive electrode active material solution.
Preferably, the soluble positive electrode active material is a molecular cluster ionic compound.
More preferably, in the present embodiment, the molecular cluster ion compound is a compound having the general formula A 7 [ZV 13 O 38 ]Wherein A is NH 4 Li, na or K, Z = Ni, co or Mn.
Having the formula A 7 [ZV 13 O 38 ]The compound (2) can be prepared by the following operations: to AVO 3 Adding HNO into the solution respectively 3 、ZSO 4 K of (A) and (B) 2 S 2 O 8 Obtaining a mixed solution, heating and evaporating (preferably 80 ℃) to obtain the compound with the general formula A 7 [ZV 13 O 38 ]The compound of (1).
Preferably, AVO 3 The temperature of the solution is 60 ℃ to 90 ℃ (preferably 80 ℃).
Preferably, the concentration of the soluble positive electrode active material solution is 0.03g/mL to 0.25g/mL.
More preferably, the concentration of the soluble positive electrode active material solution is 0.067g/mL.
And S20, adding conductive carbon material powder into the soluble positive electrode active material solution, fully mixing to enable the conductive carbon material powder to be uniformly dispersed in the soluble positive electrode active material, and enabling the soluble positive electrode active material to penetrate into micropores of the conductive carbon material powder to obtain a first mixed solution.
In this embodiment, the conductive carbon material powder may be added to the soluble positive active material solution in a small amount and many times, and the stirring state is maintained during the addition process, so as to ensure that the conductive carbon material powder is uniformly dispersed in the soluble positive active material.
The conductive carbon material powder has a large number of micropores, so that the conductive carbon material powder has strong adsorption capacity, and a soluble positive electrode active material can be adsorbed, so that the soluble positive electrode active material can permeate into the micropores of the conductive carbon material powder.
Preferably, in S20, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the conductive carbon material powder to the soluble positive electrode active material solution is 0.03g/1mL to 0.25g/1mL.
More preferably, in S20, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the conductive carbon material powder to the soluble positive electrode active material solution is 0.067g/1mL.
The conductive carbon material powder may be various materials commonly used in the art.
In the present embodiment, the conductive carbon material powder is conductive carbon black.
Specifically, the conductive Carbon black is Carbon black ECP 600JD having a nanosized pore structure.
And S30, adding an organic solvent which can be mutually soluble with water into the first mixed solution to separate out the soluble positive electrode active material which permeates into the micropores of the conductive carbon material powder to obtain a second mixed solution.
After the organic solvent which can be mutually dissolved with water is added into the first mixed solution, new nucleation kinetic energy is provided for recrystallization of the positive active material crystal grains due to the cooperation effect of the organic solvent and the polarity of water, and the new nucleation kinetic energy is limited by the restriction of the micropore walls, so that the soluble positive active material which permeates into micropores of the conductive carbon material powder is separated out, and the separated soluble positive active material forms tiny particles which are uniformly attached to the conductive carbon material powder.
Micropores in the conductive carbon material powder can be used as a constraint template to limit the grain size increase in the reprecipitation and precipitation process of the soluble anode active material, and the effect of refining the grain size is achieved.
Preferably, in S30, the volume ratio of the first mixed solution to the organic solvent is 1:1 to 8.
More preferably, in S30, the volume ratio of the first mixed solution to the organic solvent is 1:2.
preferably, in this embodiment, the organic solvent may be methanol, ethanol, glycerol, acetone, formic acid, or acetic acid.
And S40, filtering the second mixed solution, and collecting filter residues, wherein the filter residues are the required anode composite material.
Preferably, the method further comprises the operation of drying the obtained filter residue.
In this embodiment, the filter residue may be optionally dried at 120 ℃.
According to the preparation method of the positive electrode composite material, the conductive carbon material powder adsorbs the soluble positive electrode active material, and then the soluble positive electrode active material penetrating into micropores of the conductive carbon material powder is separated out through the organic solvent capable of being mutually soluble with water, so that the soluble positive electrode active material forms tiny particles uniformly attached to the conductive carbon material powder, and the positive electrode composite material is obtained.
In the positive electrode composite material prepared by the preparation method of the positive electrode composite material, the tiny particles formed by the soluble positive electrode active material are uniformly attached to the conductive carbon material powder, so that the problem that the nano-sized positive electrode material particles are difficult to uniformly disperse in a conductive agent is solved.
In the anode composite material prepared by the preparation method of the anode composite material, the contact surface between the soluble anode active material and the conductive carbon material powder is large, so that more contact points can be provided for electron transmission, and the electron conductivity is improved.
In addition, micropores in the conductive carbon material powder can be used as a constraint template to limit the grain size increase in the reprecipitation and precipitation process of the soluble positive electrode active material, and play a role in refining the grain size, so that when the obtained positive electrode composite material is applied to a lithium ion secondary battery, the transmission distance of lithium ions in the active material can be shortened, the ionic conductivity can be improved, and the rate capability of the material can be improved.
The invention also provides the cathode composite material of the embodiment, which is prepared by the preparation method of the cathode composite material.
Generally, the positive electrode composite material further includes a binder in a certain ratio to facilitate coating on the positive electrode current collector.
The invention also provides a secondary battery of an embodiment, which comprises the positive electrode composite material.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
7.18g of KVO 3 Dissolving in 180mL of deionized water at 80 ℃, and respectively adding 4mL of 1mol/L HNO 3 And 4mL of 1mol/L MnSO 4 And 2.16g of K 2 S 2 O 8 And stirring the mixed solution at the temperature of 80 ℃ until the solvent is volatilized completely to obtain a solid crystal. The solid crystal has a molecular formula of K 7 [MnV 13 O 38 ]The compound of (1). FIG. 2 shows K obtained in example 1 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]Scanning electron microscopy images of (a).
2g of K from example 1 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]Dissolved in 30mL of deionized water, then 2g of dried powdered Carbon black Carbon ECP 600JD was added in small portions while stirring the solution at high speed until all the powdered Carbon black was uniformly dispersed in the aqueous solution. Then 60mL of absolute ethanol was added and the solution was stirred to allow free K to penetrate into the micropores of the carbon black + And [ NiV ] 13 O 38 ] 7- Reprecipitation was carried out. Finally, the solution was filtered to obtain a positive electrode composite material.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the positive electrode composite material prepared in example 1. Fig. 4 is an elemental energy spectrum distribution diagram of the positive electrode composite material prepared in example 1.
Comparing FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that K is obtained in example 1 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]Is not uniform and relatively large, in the positive electrode composite material obtained in example 1，K 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]The particle size of (a) is uniform and nano-sized.
Combining FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that K is in nanometer size 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]Uniformly attached to powdered Carbon black Carbon ECP 600JD.
The prepared positive electrode composite material and PTFE binder are mixed according to the proportion of 96%: and (4) preparing slurry, coating, drying, rolling and cutting into pieces according to the mass ratio of 4% to obtain the positive plate. And (EC): DMC =1:1 (volume ratio) +1mol/L LiPF 6 The electrolyte is used, the metal lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode, and the 2032 type button cell is assembled.
Example 2
2g of K from example 1 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]Dissolved in 20mL of deionized water, and then 2g of dried powdered Carbon black Carbon ECP 600JD was added in small portions while stirring the solution at high speed until all the powdered Carbon black was uniformly dispersed in the aqueous solution. Then 80mL of anhydrous methanol was added and the solution was stirred to allow free K to permeate into the micropores of the carbon black + And [ NiV ] 13 O 38 ] 7- Reprecipitation was carried out. Finally, the solution was filtered to obtain a positive electrode composite material.
The prepared positive electrode composite material and PTFE binder are mixed according to the proportion of 96%: and (4) preparing slurry, coating, drying, rolling and cutting into pieces according to the mass ratio of 4% to obtain the positive plate. EC: DMC =1:1 (volume ratio) +1mol/L LiPF 6 The electrolyte is used, the metal lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode, and the 2032 type button cell is assembled.
Example 3
2g of K from example 1 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]Dissolved in 66mL of deionized water, then 2g of dried powdered Carbon black Carbon ECP 600JD was added in small portions while stirring the solution at high speed until all the powdered Carbon black was uniformly dispersed in the aqueous solution. Then 66mL of anhydrous acetic acid was added and the solution was stirred to allow free K to penetrate into the micropores of the carbon black + And [ NiV ] 13 O 38 ] 7- Reprecipitation was carried out. Finally, the solution is filtered to obtain the positive electrode composite materialAnd (4) feeding.
The prepared positive electrode composite material and PTFE binder are mixed according to the proportion of 96%: and (4) preparing slurry, coating, drying, rolling and cutting into pieces according to the mass ratio of 4% to obtain the positive plate. EC: DMC =1:1 (volume ratio) +1mol/L LiPF 6 Is electrolyte, and the metal lithium sheet is cathode, to assemble 2032 button cell.
Comparative example 1
K from example 1 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]Carbon black powder ECP 600JD and PTFE binder in 48%:48 percent: and (4) preparing slurry, coating, drying, rolling and cutting into pieces according to the mass ratio of 4% to obtain the positive plate. EC: DMC =1:1 (volume ratio) +1mol/L LiPF 6 Is electrolyte, and the metal lithium sheet is cathode, to assemble 2032 button cell.
Test example
The test method comprises the following steps: at normal temperature, the button cells prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were subjected to constant current charge-discharge cycles under the conditions of a voltage range of 1.5V to 4.2V and a current density of 85mA/g, respectively, to obtain fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the capacity of the button cell prepared in example 1 is significantly higher than that of the button cell prepared in comparative example 1. That is, the energy density of the positive electrode composite material obtained in example 1 was significantly higher than K 7 [NiV 13 O 38 ]And powdered Carbon black Carbon ECP 600JD.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the positive electrode composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
dissolving a soluble positive electrode active material in water to obtain a soluble positive electrode active material solution;
adding conductive carbon material powder into the soluble positive electrode active material solution, fully mixing to enable the conductive carbon material powder to be uniformly dispersed in the soluble positive electrode active material, and enabling the soluble positive electrode active material to penetrate into micropores of the conductive carbon material powder to obtain a first mixed solution;
adding an organic solvent which can be mutually soluble with water into the first mixed solution to separate out the soluble positive electrode active material which permeates into the micropores of the conductive carbon material powder to obtain a second mixed solution; and
filtering the second mixed solution, and collecting filter residues, wherein the filter residues are the required anode composite material;
the soluble positive active material is a molecular cluster ion compound;
the molecular cluster ionic compound is shown as a general formula A 7 [ZV 13 O 38 ]Wherein a is Li, na or K, Z = Ni, co or Mn;
having the general formula A 7 [ZV 13 O 38 ]The compound of (b) is prepared by the following operations: to AVO 3 Adding HNO into the solution respectively 3 、ZSO 4 K of (A) and (B) 2 S 2 O 8 Obtaining a mixed solution, heating and evaporating to obtain the compound with the general formula A 7 [ZV 13 O 38 ]The compound of (1).
2. The method for preparing a positive electrode composite material according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the soluble positive electrode active material solution is 0.03g/mL to 0.25g/mL.
3. The method for producing a positive electrode composite material according to claim 2, wherein the organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, glycerol, acetone, formic acid, or acetic acid.
4. The method for preparing a positive electrode composite material according to claim 2, wherein in the operation of adding a water-miscible organic solvent to the first mixed solution, a volume ratio of the first mixed solution to the organic solvent is 1:1 to 8.
5. The method for preparing the positive electrode composite material according to claim 2, wherein in the step of adding the conductive carbon material powder to the soluble positive electrode active material solution, a solid-to-liquid ratio of the conductive carbon material powder to the soluble positive electrode active material solution is 0.03g/1mL to 0.25g/1mL.
6. The method for producing a positive electrode composite material according to claim 5, wherein the conductive carbon material powder is conductive carbon black.
7. A positive electrode composite material, characterized in that it is produced by the method for producing a positive electrode composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A secondary battery comprising the positive electrode composite material according to claim 7.
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