CN113510340A - Welding and postweld heat treatment process method for martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel material - Google Patents
Welding and postweld heat treatment process method for martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113510340A CN113510340A CN202110912721.XA CN202110912721A CN113510340A CN 113510340 A CN113510340 A CN 113510340A CN 202110912721 A CN202110912721 A CN 202110912721A CN 113510340 A CN113510340 A CN 113510340A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding and postweld heat treatment process method of a martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel material, which adopts a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14MERNiCr-3) welding wire and a tungsten electrode argon arc welding method for welding; welding martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)) material in a solid solution state; after welding, the weld joint and the stainless steel material are subjected to aging heat treatment, so that the weld joint metal has high strength, toughness and plasticity, and meanwhile, the stainless steel material and the weld joint surface obtain good surface quality. According to the invention, the nickel-based alloy welding wire is used for welding, and the appropriate postweld heat treatment process parameters are selected for carrying out aging treatment, so that the weld metal has higher strength, toughness and plasticity, and meanwhile, the stainless steel material and the weld surface obtain good surface quality.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a welding and postweld heat treatment process method for a martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel material.
Background art:
the martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) material obtains lath martensite during the solid solution process at 1024-1052 ℃ so as to realize the structure strengthening, and precipitates intermetallic compounds during the aging process at 450-620 ℃ so as to realize the precipitation hardening. Because of its excellent corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, high temperature resistance and high strength, it is widely used in marine industry, food industry and high temperature operation mechanical parts.
The martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) has good weldability, welding needs to be carried out in a solid solution state or an over-solid solution state, but the content of alloy elements is high, the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel belongs to high alloy steel, segregation is easily generated during welding, a reverse austenite structure is formed, softening of a welding heat affected zone is caused, the strength and toughness of a welding joint are lower than those of a base metal, and the alloy elements contain a certain amount of Cu, Ti, S, P elements and impurities, so that thermal cracking is easily generated. Therefore, in multi-layer welding, the temperature between layers should be controlled, the depth-to-width ratio should be limited as much as possible, and the energy of welding line should be strictly controlled.
If the weld strength is required to be close to the mechanical properties of an aged martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)), the existing research results show that a filling material with the same chemical composition as that of a base material must be adopted during welding, and solution and aging heat treatment must be carried out again after welding, namely, the welding process flow adopts a heat treatment system of 'solution + welding + solution + aging'.
The stainless steel material has a layer of oxide skin after high temperature, and can be removed after acid washing, sand blasting, polishing and processing. If vacuum solution treatment is adopted, no oxide scale can be generated. After acid washing, if the requirements of parts are high, dehydrogenation treatment is needed to prevent the material from mechanically changing.
The martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) material welding parts require extremely high surface quality on the premise of ensuring the mechanical properties of weld metal, but due to structural reasons, the problem that surface treatment cannot be carried out after welding and postweld heat treatment is solved.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a welding and postweld heat treatment process method for a martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel material, which can inhibit the diffusion of carbon and the formation of ferrite in an alloy steel fusion area and improve the plasticity, toughness and quality of a weld joint. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a welding and postweld heat treatment process method of martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel material adopts a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14M ERNiCr-3) welding wire and a tungsten electrode argon arc welding method for welding; welding martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)) material in a solid solution state; after welding, carrying out aging heat treatment on the welding seam and the stainless steel material, so that the welding seam metal has high strength, toughness and plasticity, and meanwhile, the stainless steel material and the welding seam surface obtain good surface quality, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the welding groove and the nearby area before welding to remove impurities;
(1.1) removing a welding groove and an oxide layer in a nearby 25mm area by adopting a mechanical processing or polishing mode;
(1.2) wiping and cleaning a welding groove and a nearby 25mm area by using alcohol or acetone solvent;
(2) the martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) is welded in a water-cooled solid solution state at 1040-; the welding method is to adopt a tungsten argon arc welding method for welding, adopt a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14M ERNiCr-3) welding wire for welding, and preheat the welding to 120-;
(3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the welding seam and the stainless steel after welding; the aging heat treatment temperature is 530 ℃ and 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4.5 hours.
The invention has the technical effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the filler material provided by the invention is welded by adopting a nickel-chromium (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) welding wire, the mechanical property of a nickel-based alloy welding seam is better than that of an austenitic stainless steel filler material, and is close to that of a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)), and simultaneously, the diffusion of carbon in an alloy steel fusion zone and the formation of ferrite can be inhibited, and the plasticity and the toughness of a welding seam joint are improved.
2. The heat treatment method provided by the invention does not need to carry out high-temperature solid solution treatment, acid pickling, sand blasting, polishing and processing again after welding to remove the oxide skin after the high-temperature solid solution treatment, thereby reducing the production cost and improving the production efficiency.
3. The invention selects the argon tungsten-arc welding method for welding, the input linear energy is small during welding, the generation of reverse austenite in the welding heat affected zone of the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) material is limited, and the segregation and hot cracking tendency of the welding line are reduced.
4. The welding groove and the nearby area are cleaned before welding, impurities are removed, N, H, O, C harmful impurity pollution is prevented, stainless steel is preheated before welding, temperature control between welding layers is controlled, input linear energy during welding is further limited, welding stress is relaxed, and crack tendency is reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a heat treatment process in the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Welding by adopting a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14M ERNiCr-3) welding wire and an argon tungsten-arc welding method; welding martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)) material in a solid solution state; after welding, carrying out aging heat treatment on the welding seam and the stainless steel material, so that the welding seam metal has high strength, toughness and plasticity, and meanwhile, the stainless steel material and the welding seam surface obtain good surface quality, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the welding groove and the nearby area before welding to remove impurities;
(1.1) removing a welding groove and an oxide layer in a nearby 25mm area by adopting a mechanical processing or polishing mode;
(1.2) wiping and cleaning a welding groove and a nearby 25mm area by using alcohol or acetone solvent;
(2) the martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) is welded in a water-cooled solid solution state at 1040-; the welding method is to adopt a tungsten argon arc welding method for welding, adopt a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14M ERNiCr-3) welding wire for welding, and preheat the welding to 120-;
(3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the welding seam and the stainless steel after welding; the aging heat treatment temperature is 530 ℃ and 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4.5 hours.
This example illustrates the welding of an energy machine component made of martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel (ASTM standard S17400(17-4 PH)). The mechanical properties of the welded seam after welding are required to be close to those of stainless steel materials. Due to the particularity of the part, welding cannot be completed first, and solid solution and aging treatment and then machining surface treatment are performed after welding. The chemical components are shown in the following table 1, and the mechanical properties are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 1 Martensitic precipitation hardenable stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)) Material chemistry (%)
TABLE 2 Martensitic precipitation hardenable stainless steels (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)) materials mechanical properties
| Rm/MPa | Rp0.2/MPa | A/％ | Z/％ |
| ≥1070 | ≥1000 | ≥12 | ≥45 |
As the mechanical property of the welded seam is required to be close to that of the stainless steel material after welding, the selection of the welding material is a key point of the scheme. The existing research results show that if the strength of a welding seam is required to be close to the mechanical property of the aged stainless steel material, a filling material with the same chemical composition as that of a base material is required to be adopted during welding, and solid solution and aging heat treatment are required to be carried out again after welding. Due to the structural limitation of parts, the solid solution treatment cannot be carried out again after welding, a large amount of net-shaped ferrite existing in a weld joint structure cannot be eliminated only by aging treatment after welding by using a filling material with the same chemical composition as a base material, and the toughness and plasticity of weld joint metal cannot meet the requirements.
The invention provides a welding and postweld heat treatment process method for a martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel material.
Welding by adopting a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14M ERNiCr-3) welding wire and an argon tungsten-arc welding method; welding martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)) material in a solid solution state; after welding, carrying out aging heat treatment on the welding seam and the stainless steel material, so that the welding seam metal has high strength, toughness and plasticity, and meanwhile, the stainless steel material and the welding seam surface obtain good surface quality, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) before welding, the welding groove and the adjacent area are cleaned to remove impurities, so that the pollution of N, H, O, C harmful impurities is prevented, and the method preferably comprises the following steps:
(1.1) removing a welding groove and an oxide layer in a nearby 25mm area by adopting a mechanical processing or polishing mode;
and (1.2) wiping and cleaning the welding groove and a nearby 25mm area by using alcohol or acetone solvent.
(2) The martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) is welded in a water-cooled solid solution state at 1040-; the welding method is to adopt a tungsten argon arc welding method for welding, adopt a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14M ERNiCr-3) welding wire for welding, and preheat 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ before welding.
As shown in FIG. 1, the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)) material has good weldability, and welding is performed in a solid solution or an over-solid solution state. In order to achieve a good welding result, welding tests were performed in different states using the same material as the members. Preferably, the stainless steel material is welded in a water-cooled solid solution state at 1040-1050 ℃ with the heat preservation time being more than or equal to 1 h.
In order to limit the reverse austenite, less segregation and hot cracking in the heat affected zone of the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) material welding, the input linear energy is smaller and better when welding, and the electron beam welding, the laser welding and the argon arc welding have high energy density, heat concentration and small welding heat affected zone, and are particularly suitable for welding the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel with the pH of 17-4. Preferably, the welding is carried out by adopting a tungsten electrode argon arc welding method.
The filler is welded by adopting a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14MERNiCr-3) welding wire, the mechanical property of the nickel-based alloy welding line is better than that of an austenitic stainless steel filler, the mechanical property of the nickel-based alloy welding line is close to that of a stainless steel material, the diffusion of carbon in an alloy steel fusion area and the formation of ferrite can be inhibited, the plasticity and the toughness of a welding joint are improved, and all indexes meet the design requirements through welding verification. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the welding crack tendency, the interlayer temperature during welding is preferably not more than 175 ℃, and preferably, the preheating temperature is 120-150 ℃, and the interlayer temperature is not more than 150 ℃.
The welding process parameters of the welding test are shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 welding Process parameters
| Welding current (A) | Polarity of power supply | Protective gas composition | Protective gas flow (L/min) |
| 120-140 | Direct current is connected positively | 99.999% argon | 15-20 |
(3) And performing post-welding aging heat treatment at 530 ℃ and 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4.5 hours, cooling along with the furnace, and developing post-welding heat treatment process verification under different parameters according to the performance requirements of the stainless steel material of the part, wherein the temperature and the time of the aging heat treatment are verified, and the mechanical performance of the welding line meets the design requirements. The mechanical properties of the welding seam are as follows: rm is more than or equal to 750MPa, Rp0.2 is more than or equal to 420MPa, A is more than or equal to 35 percent, and Z is more than or equal to 40 percent.
According to the method, the welding manufacturing work of certain energy mechanical parts is carried out, and the quality of the welding seam meets the design requirement. Meanwhile, the welding seam is subjected to liquid permeation PT detection and ray RT detection, and the design requirements are met.
Claims (1)
1. A welding and postweld heat treatment process method of a martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
welding by adopting a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14M ERNiCr-3) welding wire and an argon tungsten-arc welding method; welding martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) Standard S17400(17-4PH)) material in a solid solution state; after welding, carrying out aging heat treatment on the welding seam and the stainless steel material, so that the welding seam metal has high strength, toughness and plasticity, and meanwhile, the stainless steel material and the welding seam surface obtain good surface quality, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the welding groove and the nearby area before welding to remove impurities;
(1.1) removing a welding groove and an oxide layer in a nearby 25mm area by adopting a mechanical processing or polishing mode;
(1.2) wiping and cleaning a welding groove and a nearby 25mm area by using alcohol or acetone solvent;
(2) the martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel (American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard S17400(17-4PH)) is welded in a water-cooled solid solution state at 1040-; the welding method is to adopt a tungsten argon arc welding method for welding, adopt a nickel-chromium (American society for welding (AWS) standard A5.14/A5.14M ERNiCr-3) welding wire for welding, and preheat the welding to 120-;
(3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the welding seam and the stainless steel after welding; the aging heat treatment temperature is 530 ℃ and 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4.5 hours.
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| CN115121907A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-30 | 南京工程学院 | Method for improving austenite content in duplex stainless steel weld joint |
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