CN113510144B - Method for treating heavy metal pollution of agricultural land in zinc smelting pollution area by soil method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an agricultural land heavy metal pollution treatment method for a zinc smelting pollution area by using an earth method, which is used for treating heavy metal pollution of soil and belongs to the field of soil pollution treatment. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) soil eutrophication, (2) water hyacinth adsorption, (3) rooting plant enrichment treatment, (4) microorganism enrichment treatment, and (5) crop planting. According to the invention, the nutrient content in the soil is balanced through soil eutrophication, and the rapid growth of the water hyacinth is utilized to enrich heavy metal ions. And the water hyacinth expands excessively to shield the water surface, prevent the circulation of oxygen inside and outside the water surface, accelerate the oxygen consumption in the water body, cause the anaerobic fermentation of water body microorganisms to generate hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, increase the sulfide ions in the water, reduce the acidity, facilitate the formation of precipitates of absorbable heavy metal ions in the soil to reduce the content, weaken the salt stress of the heavy metal to the plant root, promote the plant growth in the soil, and effectively treat the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Description
Technical Field
A heavy metal pollution treatment method for agricultural land in an earth-process zinc smelting pollution area is used for treating heavy metal pollution of soil and belongs to the field of soil pollution treatment.
Background
The unique heavy metal (Pb, zn and Cd) compound pollution in the zinc smelting pollution area by the earth method has large treatment difficulty and is not ideal in single treatment technology. Harmful heavy metal accumulation in the polluted soil of the agricultural land around the zinc smelting area by the soil method is accompanied by soil structure damage, nutrient loss, microorganism abundance and activity reduction, poor crop growth and even loss of planting function, a single treatment technology cannot recover the planting function, pollution-free crop production cannot be realized, and a physical, chemical and biological comprehensive series of engineering treatment needs to be implemented to achieve the expected effect. The repair engineering is complex, the repair scheme cannot be generalized, the workload is large and the time is long, the current pollution situation and the damage degree of the soil farming function of the soil need to be clarified due to different mining area pollution factors, agricultural land soil quality, pollution degree and altitude in different areas, different treatment and repair schemes are formulated, and corresponding technologies can be adopted to control the pollution of the agricultural land, repair the soil farming function and recover the normal agricultural production, so that the treatment cost is increased. Meanwhile, the high yield of crops and the pollution-free agricultural products can be realized only by selecting suitable crop varieties according to the soil texture and the altitude of the location and controlling key points of quality safety in the cultivation process. Therefore, in the prior art, a method for comprehensively and durably treating the heavy metal pollution in the zinc-smelting pollution area by the earth process is very necessary to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land in an area polluted by zinc smelting by an earth method, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and reducing the content of heavy metal in soil by comprehensive enrichment treatment. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earth-process zinc smelting pollution area comprises the following steps:
(1) Eutrophication of soil
Loosening soil with a depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the polluted soil, finely raking, deeply ploughing the soil by 20-25cm by using 500-600 kg/mu of pig manure on the surface of the soil, sprinkling water on the surface of the soil, keeping the humidity of the soil at 66-75%, scattering straw powder with the fineness of 3-5mm on the surface of the soil, and waiting for 3-5 days; mixing EM bacterial liquid and chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 1;
(2) Adsorption of water hyacinth
Dividing the polluted soil into 10m multiplied by 10m areas, wherein each area surrounds a ridge, the thickness of the ridge is 15-20cm, the height of the ridge is 8-10cm, water is drained in a ridge ring to enable the height of the water surface to be 5-8cm, common water hyacinth is planted in a water area surrounded by the ridge, purple-root water hyacinth is planted on the ridge, and the water hyacinth to be planted grows into big-leaf mature plants and is fully paved in the polluted soil area for 3-5 weeks; removing and collecting the water hyacinth with roots, and uniformly treating the water hyacinth with the roots according to the heavy metal pollution; the planting density of the water hyacinth is 8-12 plants per square meter;
(3) Enrichment treatment of rooted plants
Keeping the original ridge topography, ploughing the polluted soil by 30-35cm, keeping the original water amount in the soil, planting barnyard grass and polygonum cuspidatum in the field, wherein the planting area of the barnyard grass and the polygonum cuspidatum is 2-3:8-9, and planting cyperus rotundus on the ridge; growing barnyard grass till the growth is completed, growing polygonum cuspidatum till the growth is 40-50cm, harvesting the barnyard grass, and leaving stubbles 8-10cm; growing polygonum cuspidatum to 30-40cm, leaving stubble of polygonum cuspidatum to 5-8cm, growing cyperus rotundus to 15-20cm, harvesting cyperus rotundus, and leaving stubble to 1-2cm; continuously planting for 5-8 months; the collected barnyard grass, the polygonum cuspidatum and the cyperus rotundus are treated according to heavy metal pollutants and do not return to the polluted soil;
(4) Enrichment treatment of microorganisms
Discharging the water body on the surface of the polluted soil, and ploughing the soil by 20-30cm by using a microbial adsorbent in the soil according to the concentration of 160-180 kg/mu; the preparation method of the microbial adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing 10-13 parts of bone meal, 15-18 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 20-30 parts of sweet potato powder, 3-5 parts of cane sugar, 10-15 parts of pine needle powder, 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 1000-1200 parts of clear water, boiling, keeping the temperature for 20-30min, reducing the temperature to room temperature, inoculating 1-2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, and culturing for 5-8 days at 25-28 ℃; adding 5000-8000 parts of bamboo leaf powder, mixing, adjusting water content to 67-82%, adding 20-30 parts of Aspergillus bacterial liquid, and stacking for 10-15 days;
(5) Crop planting
When the surface water of the soil is volatilized, the surface soil is dried, furrows are formed in the surface of the soil, the distance between the furrows is 30-40cm, the depth is 10-15cm, the width is 15-20cm, a compound fertilizer is applied to the furrows, and solanum nigrum is planted in the furrows according to the distance of 20-25 cm; and broadcasting the wild buckwheat seed matrix among the lines of the black nightshade after the black nightshade grows for 5 to 10 days.
Specifically, in the step (1), the straw powder is one or more of wheat straw, rice straw, sorghum straw, corn straw and tomato straw.
Specifically, in the step (1), the humidity of the straw powder is 33-37%.
Specifically, in the step (3), the planting density of the barnyard grass is 20-30 plants per square meter.
Specifically, in the step (3), the planting density of the polygonum sorgholium is 40-50 plants per square meter.
Specifically, in the step (3), the planting distance of the cyperus rotundus is 3-5cm.
Specifically, in the step (4), the aspergillus bacteria liquid is prepared by mixing aspergillus bacteria powder, brown sugar and clear water according to the mass ratio of 1-3:5-8.
Specifically, in the step (5), the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing wormcast, pond sludge and decomposed sheep manure according to a mass ratio of 5-10; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu.
Specifically, in the step (5), the preparation method of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix comprises the following steps: mixing 1-2 parts by mass of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 100-120 parts by mass of clear water, adding 3-5 parts by mass of pectin, stirring for 3-5min, adding 6-7 parts by mass of wild buckwheat seeds, soaking for 50-60min, then adding 30-50 parts by mass of sawdust and 60-70 parts by mass of biogas residues, stirring uniformly, and spreading for 30-50 min; the dosage of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix is 20-30 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the nutrient content in the soil is balanced through soil eutrophication, and the rapid growth of the water hyacinth is utilized to enrich heavy metal ions. And the water hyacinth expands excessively to shield the water surface, prevent the circulation of oxygen inside and outside the water surface, accelerate the oxygen consumption in the water body, cause the anaerobic fermentation of water body microorganisms to generate hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, increase the sulfide ions in the water, reduce the acidity, facilitate the formation of precipitates and reduce the content of absorbable heavy metal ions in the soil, weaken the stress of the heavy metal on the salt at the root of the plant, and enable more plants to grow in the soil.
(2) The invention enriches heavy metal ions in soil from the surface to the inside by matching barnyard grass, polygonum cuspidatum, cyperus rotundus shallow roots and deep roots. By utilizing the characteristics of the barnyard grass, the polygonum cuspidatum and the cyperus rotundus which grow fast and the strong adaptability to the environment, the gathering of heavy metal ions in the soil to plants is accelerated, and the heavy metal ions are taken away from the soil by harvesting the plants. And the collocation of various plants can absorb heavy metal ions with different ion forms, so that the soil pollution can be more comprehensively eliminated.
(3) According to the invention, through microorganism enrichment, silicate bacteria are used for corroding rock particles, heavy metal ions in the rock particles are released, and the soil microorganisms such as aspergillus are used for converting the heavy metal ions into an organic state, so that the soluble heavy metal ions in the soil are reduced. Meanwhile, the high-activity soil promotes the growth of plant roots. Further promotes the enrichment of the heavy metals of the black nightshade and the wild buckwheat rhizome, and obviously improves the heavy metal pollution of the soil.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earth-process zinc smelting pollution area comprises the following steps:
(1) Eutrophication of soil
Loosening soil with the thickness of 10cm on the surface of the polluted soil, finely raking, deeply ploughing the soil by 20cm by using 500 kg/mu of pig manure on the surface of the soil, sprinkling water on the surface of the soil, keeping the humidity of the soil at 66%, scattering straw powder with the fineness of 3mm on the surface of the soil, and waiting for 3 days; mixing EM bacterial liquid and chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 1;
the straw powder is prepared by mixing wheat straw, rice straw, sorghum straw, corn straw and tomato straw according to equal mass; the humidity of the straw powder is 33-37%;
(2) Adsorption of water hyacinth
Dividing the polluted soil into 10m multiplied by 10m areas, wherein each area surrounds a ridge, the thickness of the ridge is 15cm, the height of the ridge is 8cm, water is drained in a ridge ring to enable the height of the water surface to be 5cm, ordinary water hyacinth is planted in the water area surrounded by the ridge, purple-root water hyacinth is planted on the ridge, and the water hyacinth to be planted grows into big-leaf mature plants and is paved in the polluted soil area for 3 weeks; removing and collecting the water hyacinth with roots, and uniformly treating the water hyacinth with the roots according to the heavy metal pollution; the planting density of the water hyacinth is 8 plants per square meter;
(3) Enrichment treatment of rooted plants
Keeping the original ridge topography, ploughing the polluted soil for 30cm, keeping the original water amount in the soil, planting barnyard grass and polygonum hydropiper in the field, wherein the planting area of the barnyard grass and the polygonum hydropiper is 2:8, and planting cyperus rotundus on the ridge; growing barnyard grass till the growth of the barnyard grass and the polygonum cuspidatum till the growth of 40cm, harvesting the barnyard grass, and leaving 8cm of stubble; growing polygonum hydropiper to 30cm, leaving stubble of polygonum hydropiper to 5cm, growing cyperus rotundus to 15cm, harvesting cyperus rotundus to 1cm; continuously planting for 5 months; the collected barnyard grass, the polygonum cuspidatum and the cyperus rotundus are treated according to heavy metal pollutants and do not return to the polluted soil; the planting density of the barnyard grass is 20 plants per square meter; the planting density of the polygonum sordidum is 40 plants per square meter; the planting distance of the cyperus rotundus is 3cm;
(4) Enrichment treatment of microorganisms
Discharging water on the surface of the polluted soil, and ploughing the soil by 20cm in the soil by using a microbial adsorbent according to 160 kg/mu; the preparation method of the microbial adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing and boiling 10 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 20 parts of sweet potato powder, 3 parts of cane sugar, 10 parts of pine needle powder, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate and 1000 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in clear water, preserving heat for 20min, reducing the temperature to room temperature, inoculating 1 part of bacillus mucilaginosus, and culturing for 5 days at 25 ℃; adding 5000 parts of bamboo leaf powder, mixing uniformly, adjusting the water content to 67%, adding 20 parts of aspergillus liquid, and stacking for 10 days; the aspergillus liquid is prepared by mixing aspergillus powder, brown sugar and clear water according to the mass ratio of 1;
(5) Crop planting
After the surface water of the soil is volatilized, drying the surface soil, ditching on the surface of the soil, wherein the ditch interval is 30cm, the depth is 10cm and the width is 15cm, applying a compound fertilizer in the ditch, and planting the solanum nigrum in the ditch according to the interval of 20cm; spreading wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix among the lines of the black nightshade after the black nightshade grows for 5 days;
the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing wormcast, pond sludge and decomposed sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 5; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 200 kg/mu; the preparation method of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix comprises the following steps: mixing 1 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 100 parts of clear water by mass, adding 3 parts of pectin, stirring for 3min, adding 6 parts of wild buckwheat seeds, soaking for 50min, adding 30 parts of sawdust and 60 parts of biogas residues, stirring uniformly, and spreading for 30 min; the dosage of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix is 20 kg/mu.
Example 2:
a method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earth-process zinc smelting pollution area comprises the following steps:
(1) Eutrophication of soil
Loosening 15cm of soil on the surface of the polluted soil, finely raking, deeply ploughing the soil by 25cm by using 600 kg/mu of pig manure on the surface of the soil, sprinkling water on the surface of the soil, keeping the soil humidity at 75%, scattering straw powder with the fineness of 5mm on the surface of the soil, and waiting for 5 days; mixing EM bacterial liquid and chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 1;
the straw powder is formed by mixing wheat straw, rice straw, sorghum straw and corn straw according to equal mass; the humidity of the straw powder is 37%;
(2) Adsorption of water hyacinth
Dividing the polluted soil into 10m multiplied by 10m areas, wherein each area surrounds a ridge, the thickness of the ridge is 20cm, the height of the ridge is 10cm, water is drained in a ridge ring to enable the height of the water surface to be 8cm, common water hyacinth is planted in the water area surrounded by the ridges, purple-root water hyacinth is planted on the ridges, and the water hyacinth to be planted grows into large-leaf mature plants and is fully paved in the polluted soil area for 5 weeks; removing and collecting the water hyacinth with roots, and uniformly treating the water hyacinth with the roots according to the heavy metal pollution; the planting density of the water hyacinth is 12 plants per square meter;
(3) Enrichment treatment of rooted plants
Keeping the original ridge topography, ploughing the polluted soil by 35cm, keeping the original water amount in the soil, planting barnyard grass and polygonum cuspidatum in the field, wherein the planting area of the barnyard grass and the polygonum cuspidatum is 3:9, and planting cyperus rotundus on the ridge; growing barnyard grass till the growth of the barnyard grass and the polygonum cuspidatum till the growth of 50cm, harvesting the barnyard grass, and leaving stubble for 10cm; growing polygonum minus of 40cm, leaving stubble of 8cm, growing cyperus rotundus L.of 20cm, harvesting cyperus rotundus L.of 2cm; continuously planting for 8 months; the harvested barnyard grass, the harvested polygonum cuspidatum and the harvested cyperus rotundus are treated according to heavy metal pollutants and do not return to the polluted soil; the planting density of the barnyard grass is 30 plants per square meter; the planting density of the polygonum sordidum is 50 plants per square meter; the planting distance of the cyperus rotundus is 5cm;
(4) Enrichment treatment of microorganisms
Discharging water on the surface of the polluted soil, and ploughing the soil by 30cm by using a microbial adsorbent according to 180 kg/mu in the soil; the preparation method of the microbial adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing and boiling 13 parts of bone meal, 18 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 30 parts of sweet potato powder, 5 parts of sucrose, 15 parts of pine needle powder, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 1200 parts of monopotassium phosphate by mass in clear water, keeping the temperature for 30min, reducing the temperature to room temperature, inoculating 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, and culturing for 8 days at the temperature of 28 ℃; adding 8000 parts of bamboo leaf powder, mixing uniformly, adjusting the water content to 82%, adding 30 parts of aspergillus liquid, and stacking for 15 days; the aspergillus liquid is formed by mixing aspergillus powder, brown sugar and clear water according to the mass ratio of 3;
(5) Crop planting
After the surface water of the soil is volatilized and the surface soil is dried, furrowing is carried out on the surface of the soil, the distance between furrows is 40cm, the depth is 15cm, the width is 20cm, compound fertilizer is applied to the furrows, and solanum nigrum is planted in the furrows according to the distance of 25 cm; spreading wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix among the lines of the black nightshade after the black nightshade grows for 10 days;
the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing wormcast, pond sludge and decomposed sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 10; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 300 kg/mu; the preparation method of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix comprises the following steps: mixing 2 parts by mass of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 120 parts by mass of clear water, adding 5 parts by mass of pectin, stirring for 5min, adding 7 parts by mass of wild buckwheat seeds, soaking for 60min, then adding 50 parts by mass of sawdust and 70 parts by mass of biogas residues, uniformly stirring, and spreading for 50 min; the dosage of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix is 30 kg/mu.
Example 3
A method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earth-process zinc smelting pollution area comprises the following steps:
(1) Eutrophication of soil
Loosening 13cm of soil on the surface of the polluted soil, finely raking, deeply ploughing the soil by 25cm by using 530 kg/mu of pig manure on the surface of the soil, sprinkling water on the surface of the soil, keeping the soil humidity at 66%, scattering straw powder with the fineness of 5mm on the surface of the soil, and waiting for 5 days; mixing EM bacterial liquid and chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 1;
the straw powder is wheat straw; the humidity of the straw powder is 35%;
(2) Adsorption of water hyacinth
Dividing the polluted soil into 10m multiplied by 10m areas, wherein each area surrounds a ridge, the thickness of the ridge is 20cm, the height of the ridge is 8cm, water is drained in a ridge ring to enable the height of the water surface to be 8cm, ordinary water hyacinth is planted in the water area surrounded by the ridge, purple-root water hyacinth is planted on the ridge, and the water hyacinth to be planted grows into big-leaf mature plants and is paved in the polluted soil area for 3 weeks; removing and collecting the water hyacinth with roots, and uniformly treating the water hyacinth with the roots according to the heavy metal pollution; the planting density of the water hyacinth is 12 plants per square meter;
(3) Enrichment treatment of rooted plants
Keeping the original ridge topography, ploughing the polluted soil by 35cm, keeping the original water amount in the soil, planting barnyard grass and polygonum cuspidatum in the field, wherein the planting area of the barnyard grass and the polygonum cuspidatum is 2:9, and planting cyperus rotundus on the ridge; growing barnyard grass till the growth is completed, growing polygonum cuspidatum till the growth is 50cm, harvesting the barnyard grass, and leaving stubble 8cm; growing polygonum hydropiper to 40cm, leaving stubble of polygonum hydropiper to 8cm, growing cyperus rotundus to 20cm, harvesting cyperus rotundus to 1cm; continuously planting for 8 months; the harvested barnyard grass, the harvested polygonum cuspidatum and the harvested cyperus rotundus are treated according to heavy metal pollutants and do not return to the polluted soil; the planting density of the barnyard grass is 30 plants/square meter; the planting density of the polygonum sordidum is 40 plants per square meter; the planting distance of the cyperus rotundus is 3cm;
(4) Enrichment treatment of microorganisms
Discharging water on the surface of the polluted soil, and ploughing the soil by 30cm by using a microbial adsorbent according to 180 kg/mu in the soil; the preparation method of the microbial adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing and boiling 10 parts of bone meal, 18 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 20 parts of sweet potato powder, 5 parts of cane sugar, 10 parts of pine needle powder, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 1200 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate by mass with clear water, preserving heat for 20min, reducing the temperature to room temperature, inoculating 2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, and culturing for 8 days at 25 ℃; adding 5000 parts of bamboo leaf powder, mixing, adjusting water content to 82%, adding 20 parts of Aspergillus liquid, and stacking for 15 days; the aspergillus liquid is prepared by mixing aspergillus powder, brown sugar and clear water according to the mass ratio of 3;
(5) Crop planting
After the surface water of the soil is volatilized, drying the surface soil, ditching on the surface of the soil, wherein the ditch spacing is 40cm, the depth is 10cm and the width is 20cm, applying a compound fertilizer in the ditch, and planting the solanum nigrum in the ditch according to the spacing of 25 cm; spreading wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix among the lines of the black nightshade after the black nightshade grows for 5 days;
the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing wormcast, pond sludge and decomposed sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 10; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 200 kg/mu; the preparation method of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix comprises the following steps: mixing 2 parts by mass of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 100 parts by mass of clear water, adding 5 parts by mass of pectin, stirring for 5min, adding 6 parts by mass of wild buckwheat seeds, soaking for 60min, then adding 30 parts by mass of sawdust and 70 parts by mass of biogas residues, uniformly stirring, and spreading for 30 min; the dosage of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix is 20 kg/mu.
To verify the invention, the following comparative examples were set up:
| comparative example 1 | The difference from the example 1 is that the water hyacinth enrichment treatment of the step (2) is not carried out; |
| comparative example 2 | The difference from example 1 is that step (3) is not performedEnrichment treatment of rooted plants; |
| comparative example 3 | The difference from example 1 is that the microorganism-enriching treatment of step (4) was not performed. |
Test examples
In the zinc smelting area by the soil method in the north of Guizhou province, 6 pieces of soil with the same pollution degree are selected and treated by the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3, rape is planted according to the density of 18000 plants/mu, and the heavy metal content and the yield quality of the rape are counted.
| Cadmium mg/kg | Yield kg | Survival rate | |
| Example 1 | 0.113 | 185.56 | 98.99% |
| Example 2 | 0.118 | 174.32 | 97.83% |
| Example 3 | 0.120 | 179.28 | 98.12% |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.351 | 144.89 | 91.74% |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.428 | 135.17 | 93.26% |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.406 | 133.21 | 92.39% |
As can be seen from the table, the cadmium content of the rape planted in the soil treated by the method is obviously lower than that of the control group, and the rape planted in the soil treated by the method has high yield and high survival rate. Obviously, the soil treated by the method is more suitable for the growth of crops and is convenient for growth and planting.
Claims (9)
1. A method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earth-process zinc smelting pollution area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Eutrophication of soil
Loosening soil with a depth of 10-15cm on the surface of the polluted soil, finely raking, deeply ploughing the soil by 20-25cm by using 500-600 kg/mu of pig manure on the surface of the soil, sprinkling water on the surface of the soil, keeping the humidity of the soil at 66-75%, scattering straw powder with the fineness of 3-5mm on the surface of the soil, and waiting for 3-5 days; mixing EM bacterial liquid and chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 1;
(2) Adsorption of water hyacinth
Dividing the polluted soil into 10m multiplied by 10m areas, wherein each area surrounds a ridge, the thickness of the ridge is 15-20cm, the height of the ridge is 8-10cm, water is drained in a ridge ring to enable the height of the water surface to be 5-8cm, common water hyacinth is planted in a water area surrounded by the ridge, purple-root water hyacinth is planted on the ridge, and the water hyacinth to be planted grows into big-leaf mature plants and is fully paved in the polluted soil area for 3-5 weeks; removing and collecting the water hyacinth with roots, and uniformly treating the water hyacinth with the roots according to the heavy metal pollution; the planting density of the water hyacinth is 8-12 plants per square meter;
(3) Enrichment treatment of rooted plants
Keeping the original ridge topography, ploughing the polluted soil by 30-35cm, keeping the original water amount in the soil, planting barnyard grass and polygonum cuspidatum in the field, wherein the planting area of the barnyard grass and the polygonum cuspidatum is 2-3:8-9, and planting cyperus rotundus on the ridge; growing barnyard grass till the growth of the barnyard grass and the polygonum palustre till the growth of 40-50cm, harvesting the barnyard grass, and leaving stubble 8-10cm; growing polygonum cuspidatum to 30-40cm, leaving stubble of polygonum cuspidatum to 5-8cm, growing cyperus rotundus to 15-20cm, harvesting cyperus rotundus, and leaving stubble to 1-2cm; continuously planting for 5-8 months; the collected barnyard grass, the polygonum cuspidatum and the cyperus rotundus are treated according to heavy metal pollutants and do not return to the polluted soil;
(4) Enrichment treatment of microorganisms
Discharging water on the surface of the polluted soil, and ploughing the soil by 20-30cm by using a microbial adsorbent in the soil according to the dosage of 160-180 kg/mu; the preparation method of the microbial adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing 10-13 parts of bone meal, 15-18 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 20-30 parts of sweet potato powder, 3-5 parts of cane sugar, 10-15 parts of pine needle powder, 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 1000-1200 parts of clear water, boiling, keeping the temperature for 20-30min, reducing the temperature to room temperature, inoculating 1-2 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, and culturing for 5-8 days at 25-28 ℃; adding 5000-8000 parts of bamboo leaf powder, mixing, adjusting water content to 67-82%, adding 20-30 parts of Aspergillus bacterial liquid, and stacking for 10-15 days;
(5) Crop planting
When the surface water of the soil is volatilized, the surface soil is dried, furrows are formed in the surface of the soil, the distance between the furrows is 30-40cm, the depth is 10-15cm, the width is 15-20cm, a compound fertilizer is applied to the furrows, and solanum nigrum is planted in the furrows according to the distance of 20-25 cm; spreading wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix between lines of Solanum nigrum after the Solanum nigrum grows for 5-10 days.
2. The method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earthen zinc smelting pollution area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the straw powder is one or more of wheat straw, rice straw, sorghum straw, corn straw and tomato straw.
3. The method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earthen zinc smelting pollution area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the humidity of the straw powder is 33-37%.
4. The method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earthen zinc smelting pollution area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the planting density of the barnyard grass is 20-30 plants per square meter.
5. The method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earthen zinc smelting pollution area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the planting density of the polygonum sorgholium is 40-50 plants per square meter.
6. The method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earthen zinc smelting pollution area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the planting distance of the cyperus rotundus is 3-5cm.
7. The method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earthen zinc smelting pollution area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (4), the aspergillus bacterium liquid is prepared by mixing aspergillus bacterium powder, brown sugar and clear water according to the mass ratio of 1-3:5-8.
8. The method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earthen zinc smelting pollution area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (5), the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing wormcast, pond sludge and decomposed sheep manure according to a mass ratio of 5-10; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu.
9. The method for treating heavy metal pollution in agricultural land of an earth-process zinc metallurgy pollution area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the preparation method of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix comprises the following steps: mixing 1-2 parts by mass of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 100-120 parts by mass of clear water, adding 3-5 parts by mass of pectin, stirring for 3-5min, adding 6-7 parts by mass of wild buckwheat seeds, soaking for 50-60min, then adding 30-50 parts by mass of sawdust and 60-70 parts by mass of biogas residues, stirring uniformly, and spreading for 30-50 min; the dosage of the wild buckwheat rhizome seed matrix is 20-30 kg/mu.
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