CN113462984A - 高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条及其制备方法 - Google Patents
高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017231 MnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及金属冶炼技术领域,尤其涉及高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,其特征是,按质量百分比计,包括S:0.05~0.15%、Si:1.0~2.0%、Cu:0.1~0.4%、Cr:17.0~19.0%、Mo:1.0~2.0%、Nb:0.2~0.4%、Te:0.005~0.015%、C≤0.03%、N≤0.03%、P≤0.03%、Mn≤0.8%、Ni≤0.4%,余量为Fe和其他杂质。还涉及该不锈钢盘条的制备方法,包括将原料依次经电弧炉冶炼、AOD炉冶炼、LF钢包精炼、连铸、连铸坯加热、轧制、固溶以及酸洗,最终制得不锈钢盘条成品。本发明通过成分优化和碲合金化以及生产过程工艺控制,制造出一种既具有高耐蚀性,又超易切削性的软磁不锈钢盘条,该软磁不锈钢盘条同时也具有优良的机加工性能和软磁性能。本发明生产的软磁不锈钢盘条总成材率≥95%,生产成本低。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及金属冶炼技术领域,尤其涉及一种高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
软磁材料是一种磁性材料,具有较高的磁导率、较高的饱和磁感应强度、较低的矫顽力,在磁场的作用下很容易磁化,取消磁场后很容易退磁,所以广泛用于制造磁导体,变压器、继电器的铁芯、家用电器电磁阀门、汽车用控制***电磁阀等。
常见的软磁材料有纯铁、硅钢、铁镍合金、铁素体不锈钢等。纯铁、硅钢耐蚀性较差,在制作成元器件后为增加耐蚀性需要电镀,这样既增加成本又污染环境,铁镍合金成本较高,因此软磁铁素体不锈钢在电磁阀的使用上更具有优势。
随着家电、汽车行业的高速发展,软磁铁素体不锈钢在此类产品的应用越来越广,对一些流通阀门需要具有更高的耐蚀性,为保证材料利于车削加工,同时也需要良好的车削性能。通常,为提高不锈钢的车削性能会在钢中加入一定含量的硫元素,硫会与钢中的锰形成硫化锰,能起到润滑刀具、形成屑断裂源的作用,但过高的硫易形成点蚀源,降低不锈钢的耐蚀性,过低的硫也起不到易切削的作用,因此对硫含量的控制显得极为关键。目前国内对于此类软磁不锈钢的使用主要依靠从意大利、日本等进口,进口产品价格昂贵且不利于国产化,因此,急需制造一种高耐腐蚀、超易切削的软磁不锈钢代替进口产品。
针对软磁不锈钢的成分设计及其制造方法,查询到如下相关专利:(1)公开号为CN106636894A,名称为“低碳铁素体软磁易切削不锈钢及其生产方法”的发明专利;(2)公开号为CN1594637A,名称为“电磁阀用不锈钢芯铁及其制造方法”的发明专利;(3)公开号为CN102363869A,名称为“一种易切削铁素体不锈钢430FM的制造方法”的发明专利;(4)公开号为CN109628855A,名称为“一种含钼铁素体易切削软磁不锈钢及其热处理生产方法”的发明专利;(5)公开号为CN111471918A,名称为“软磁不锈钢及用于制造软磁不锈钢线材的制造方法”的发明专利;(6)公开号为CN107012401A,名称为“一种低碳铁素体软磁不锈钢及其生产方法”的发明专利。上述现有专利申请文件中对应的主要化学成分见下表表3。
表3
结合表3,编号1~4公开的专利,均在软磁铁素体不锈钢中加入了大量的硫(S>0.15)来提高材料的切削性,并达到了一定效果,说明硫的加入是提高切削性的一种方式,但过量的硫会和锰生成粗大的硫化锰并聚集存在,从而成分材料的腐蚀源,严重影响耐腐蚀性,编号1~4公开的发明均未没阐述如何消除过量的硫产生的影响。编号5、6公开的专利,均在软磁铁素体不锈钢中加入了少量的硫(S<0.05),但是经研究,只加入极少量的易切削元素S并不能起到很好的易切削效果。
表3中,编号1~6公开的发明,为提高耐蚀性,均在材料中加入Mo,说明Mo一定程度上能提高材料耐蚀性,部分(编号2、3、6)还在其中加入Ti、Re、V来提高材料耐蚀性,但也增加了生产难度,且价格昂贵,增加生产成本。
综上所述,高尖端产品使用的软磁不锈钢,不仅需要良好的耐腐蚀性,也需要良好的切削性能,同时还需要良好的机加工性能和软磁性能,传统的这些软磁不锈钢材料已无法满足这些需求,高端的软磁材料又长期被国外垄断,国内急需开发此内高品质软磁不锈钢。
【发明内容】
为解决上述背景技术中提出的问题,本发明提供一种用于制作铁磁部件的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条;还提供了一种用于制作铁磁部件的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制造方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,按质量百分比计,包括S:0.05~0.15%、Si:1.0~2.0%、Cu:0.1~0.4%、Cr:17.0~19.0%、Mo:1.0~2.0%、Nb:0.2~0.4%、Te:0.005~0.015%、C≤0.03%、N≤0.03%、P≤0.03%、Mn≤0.8%、Ni≤0.4%,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质。
作为优选,上述不锈钢盘条,按质量百分比计,包括S:0.08~0.15%、Si:1.0~1.6%、Cu:0.2~0.4%、Cr:17.5~18.5%、Mo:1.0~1.5%、Nb:0.2~0.3%、Te:0.006~0.012%、Mn:0.3~0.8%、Ni:0.15~0.4%、C≤0.025%、N≤0.025%、P≤0.025%,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质。
作为优选,按质量百分比计,上述不锈钢盘条中,Mn含量与S含量的比值满足:3≤Mn/S,Te含量与S含量的比值满足:0.05≤Te/S≤0.5。
一种高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,包括将原料依次经电弧炉冶炼、AOD炉冶炼、LF钢包精炼、连铸、连铸坯加热、轧制、固溶以及酸洗,最终制得不锈钢盘条成品;其中经过连铸后生产成连铸坯,连铸坯重新加热后轧制;具体地,
1)电弧炉冶炼:通过电弧炉将废钢原料熔化,并且控制出钢的P含量≤0.025%;优选地,电弧炉可以采用高阻抗超高功率的电弧炉来冶炼钢料,以减少或去除钢中的磷元素及气体含量;
2)AOD炉冶炼:在AOD炉冶炼过程中,吹氧脱碳时炉渣碱度R控制在3.0~4.0,脱碳的终点C含量控制在0.025%以内,优选控制在0.010%以内;并且在还原期加入硅铁进行还原;为保证成品能够具有较低的氮含量,冶炼过程全程吹氩气并搅拌;
AOD炉冶炼脱碳还原后,分批加入硫铁,控制S含量在0.08~0.15%,每次加入硫铁后均充分搅拌8min以上,使硫在钢水中均匀分布;
3)LF钢包精炼:先加入铬铁、镍铁、纯铁、纯钼、硅铁、纯锰、纯铌、硫铁合金进行成分微调,使得钢水成分(除了Te)满足设计含量配比要求,然后调节钢水温度至1600~1620℃后,喂入纯碲线,喂入速度为100~200m/min,喂线管出口与钢液面距离控制在5cm~50cm,以提高碲收得率,调整Te含量至0.006~0.012%,喂线结束后,吹氩气软吹8~15min,以保证合金元素的充分均匀化,软吹气体压力和流量以不裸露钢液为准,然后测温取样,调整钢水温度在1580~1600℃,并加入碳化稻壳保温,碳化稻壳量以覆盖钢液为准,吊包出钢;
4)连铸:采用弧形连铸机进行浇筑,连铸中间包温度控制在1510~1520℃;
5)连铸坯加热:在加热炉温度900℃时,连铸坯进炉加热,升温到1020~1050℃时,保温40~80min,然后开始出炉轧制;
6)轧制:轧制过程中,终轧温度控制在850~900℃,盘条直径为5.5~8.5mm时,轧制速度控制在40~55m/s,盘条直径为9.0~14mm时,轧制速度控制在20~40m/s,轧后空冷;
7)固溶:采用环形固溶炉进行固溶处理,固溶温度控制在820~850℃,加热90~120min,然后出炉入水冷却,盘条出炉到完全入水时间应控制在1min内完成;
8)酸洗:采用酸洗去除盘条表面氧化皮,之后包装入库;
其中,上述步骤中涉及的物质含量,均按质量百分比计。
下面对本发明的耐腐蚀易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢的各化学成分在材料中的作用进行解释。
碳(C):碳在不锈钢中易与钢中铬形成一系列复杂的碳化物,从而形成贫铬,钢的耐腐蚀性能就会降低,此外碳能减弱或恶化不锈钢磁性,所以一定范围内,碳含量越低越好,本发明C≤0.030%,优选地,C≤0.025%。
硅(Si):硅是强烈的铁素体形成元素,使不锈钢具有磁性结构,对增强磁性能具有好处。硅在提高不锈钢的抗氧化和热强性能方面具有良好的作用,但硅较高也会使不锈钢的冷加工性能下降,同时影响不锈钢塑性和耐氯离子腐蚀能力,所以本发明硅含量控制在1.0~2.0%,优选地,硅含量控制在1.0~1.6%。
磷(P):磷是钢中有害元素,磷含量越低越好,本发明P≤0.030%,优选地,P≤0.025%。
硫(S):硫为易切削元素,钢中硫与锰(Mn)形成硫化锰,硫化锰在车削加工时会成为应力缺口,降低不锈钢的切削抗力,起到润滑刀具的作用,随着硫含量的增加,不锈钢的切削性会明显提升,但过高的硫会使硫化物沿着轧制方向变形,形成长条状,并聚集在一起,严重影响材料机械性能,同时影响耐腐蚀性能,因此本发明硫含量控制在0.05~0.15%,优选地,硫含量控制在0.08~0.15%。
镍(Ni):铁素体不锈钢中,适当增加镍能提高材料的塑韧性,提高力学性能,也可以减小不锈钢在酸性环境的腐蚀速率,但镍较高时铁素体不锈钢的饱和磁化强度会随着镍含量的增加而降低,因此本发明镍含量控制在≤0.40%,优选地,镍含量控制在0.15~0.4%。
铬(Cr):铬是铁素体形成元素,当钢中铬含量超过10.5%时会在表面形成一层钝化膜,阻碍氧化反应的进一步发生,从而使不锈钢具有显著的耐蚀性,随着不锈钢中铬含量的增加,铁素体不锈钢的点蚀点位升高,耐蚀性能提高,但随着铬含量的增加,材料的饱和磁化强度会减小,因此本发明铬含量控制在17.00~19.00%,优选地,铬含量控制在17.5~18.5%。
铜(Cu):铜对海水、硫酸、盐酸以及盐酸等还原介质有强烈的耐蚀能力,铜也能提高铁素体不锈钢的冷加工性能,但过高的铜会使材料的热塑性下降,不利于热轧制,且随着含铜(Cu)量的增加,材料的矫顽力也随之增加,因此铜含量控制在0.10~0.40%,优选地,铜含量控制在0.20~0.40%。
钼(Mo):钼是铁素体形成元素,铁素体中加入钼能催使铬元素在氧化膜中聚集,提高氧化膜的稳定性,增强抗点蚀和局部腐蚀能力,但钼太高会使材料的磁感应强度值降低,因此,本发明钼含量控制在1.00~2.00%,优选地,钼含量控制在1.0~1.5%。
铌(Nb):铌是强烈铁素体形成元素,也是强碳化物、氮化物形成元素,可抑制铁素体不锈钢中Cr与碳、氮结合,增强抗晶界腐蚀能力,铌也能提高氧化膜中铬的含量,提高耐点蚀能力,铌还能抑制晶粒长大,起到细化晶粒作用,增加材料强度和韧性,但晶粒越细材料矫顽力越高,因此本发明铌含量控制在0.20~0.40%,优选地,铌含量控制在0.2~0.3%。
碲(Te):碲本身是易切削元素,少量的碲就能明显提升不锈钢的切削性能,钢中含硫时,碲会一部分固溶于硫化锰之中,通常以MnTe形式存在包裹着MnS的外部,使轧制使硫化锰不易伸长,起到球化硫化物的作用,使硫化物弥散、细小分布,可明显提高不锈钢的切削性,消除长条状粗大硫化物,提高机加工性能和耐腐蚀性能,但过高的碲会影响材料热加工性能,不利于轧制,所以本发明碲控制在0.005~0.015%,优选地,碲含量控制在0.006~0.012%。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)为提高切削性能,在冶炼过程分批加入硫铁,控制硫含量在0.05~0.15%,每次加入硫铁后需充分搅拌8min以上,使硫在钢水中分布更加均匀;
(2)通过在LF冶炼后期喂碲线,添加Te元素,Te能对钢中的MnS进行改性,并充分搅拌,使硫化锰球化,同时细小、弥散、均匀分布,使车屑稀碎,显著提高钢的切削性能,并使硫化物不影响耐蚀性,提高耐腐蚀性能,硫化物分布形貌如图1所示,车屑形貌如图2所示;
(3)为提高耐腐蚀性,添加Nb、Mo元素并合理控制Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Si含量。
(4)Te的添加使不锈钢中的硫化锰改性,消除了长条状硫化锰对材料机加工性能的影响,提高了材料机加工性能;
(5)本发明轧制控轧控冷,采用820~850℃温度完全固溶,使金相组织均匀(如图3所示),提高材料的塑性,从而改善机加工性能;
(6)本发明中控制较低的C、N含量,较高的Si含量,且盘条金相组织均匀,使软磁不锈钢具有较高的饱和磁感应强度和较低的矫顽力,软磁性能优良。
(7)LF炉喂纯碲线时,喂入速度控制100~200m/min,喂线管出口与钢液液面距离控制在5cm~50cm,能显著提高碲的收得率(≥50%),减少碲的损耗。
总之,本发明通过成分优化和碲(Te)合金化以及生产过程工艺控制,制造出一种既具有高耐蚀性,又超易切削性的软磁不锈钢盘条,该软磁不锈钢盘条同时也具有优良的机加工性能和软磁性能。本发明生产的软磁不锈钢盘条总成材率≥95%,生产成本低。
本发明生产的盘条规格为直径5.5~14mm,固溶后的晶粒度6~7级,抗拉强度470~540MPa,延伸率25~40%,收缩率70~85%,中性盐雾试验96个小时不生锈,饱和磁感应强度Bs≥1.4T,矫顽力Hc≤250A·m-1,硫化物呈球状或短条状细小、弥散、均匀分布。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条弥散、均匀、细小分布的球状或短条状硫化物形貌;
图2为本发明的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条车削加工后的断屑形貌;
图3为本发明的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的金相组织(组织均匀)。
【具体实施方式】
下面通过具体实施例对本申请再作进一步详细的说明。
一种高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,按质量百分比计,包括S:0.05~0.15%、Si:1.0~2.0%、Cu:0.1~0.4%、Cr:17.0~19.0%、Mo:1.0~2.0%、Nb:0.2~0.4%、Te:0.005~0.015%、C≤0.03%、N≤0.03%、P≤0.03%、Mn≤0.8%、Ni≤0.4%,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质。
进一步地,上述不锈钢盘条,按质量百分比计,包括S:0.08~0.15%、Si:1.0~1.6%、Cu:0.2~0.4%、Cr:17.5~18.5%、Mo:1.0~1.5%、Nb:0.2~0.3%、Te:0.006~0.012%、Mn:0.3~0.8%、Ni:0.15~0.4%、C≤0.025%、N≤0.025%、P≤0.025%,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质。
进一步地,按质量百分比计,上述不锈钢盘条中,Mn含量与S含量的比值满足:3≤Mn/S,Te含量与S含量的比值满足:0.05≤Te/S≤0.5。
一种高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,包括将原料依次经电弧炉冶炼、AOD炉冶炼、LF钢包精炼、连铸、连铸坯加热、轧制、固溶以及酸洗,最终制得不锈钢盘条成品;其中,
电弧炉冶炼过程中,控制出钢的P含量≤0.025%;
AOD炉冶炼过程中,吹氧脱碳时炉渣碱度控制在3.0~4.0,脱碳终点C含量控制在≤0.010%;AOD炉冶炼脱碳还原后,分批加入硫铁,并搅拌,控制S含量在0.05~0.15%;
LF钢包精炼时,先加入铬铁、镍铁、纯铁、纯钼、电解铜、硅铁、纯锰、纯铌、硫铁合金进行成分微调,使得钢水成分(除了Te)满足设计含量配比要求,即使得钢水中,S:0.08~0.15%、Si:1.0~1.6%、Cu:0.2~0.4%、Cr:17.5~18.5%、Mo:1.0~1.5%、Nb:0.2~0.3%、Mn:0.3~0.8%、Ni:0.15~0.4%,然后调节钢水温度至1600~1620℃后,喂入纯碲线,调整Te含量至0.006~0.012%;上述涉及的物质含量,均按质量百分比计。
进一步地,在上述LF钢包精炼中,喂入纯碲线的速度为100~200m/min,喂线管出口与钢液面距离控制在5cm~50cm,喂线结束后,吹氩气软吹8~15min,软吹气体压力和流量以裸露钢液为准。
进一步地,在上述AOD炉冶炼过程中,全程吹氩气并搅拌。
进一步地,在上述连铸过程中,连铸中间包温度控制在1510~1520℃。
进一步地,在连铸坯加热过程中,加热炉温度为900℃时,连铸坯进炉加热,然后升温至1020~1050℃,保温40~80min后,开始出炉轧制。
进一步地,在上述轧制过程中,终轧温度控制在850~900℃,盘条直径为5.5~8.5mm时,轧制速度控制在40~55m/s,盘条直径为9.0~14mm时,轧制速度控制在20~40m/s,轧后空冷。
进一步地,在上述固溶过程中,加热温度控制在820~850℃,加热时长为90~120min,然后将盘条浸入水中。
实施例1
本实施例中高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,按质量百分比计,主要由表1中的相应组分以及余量Fe和不可避免的杂质组成。
该不锈钢盘条通过以下方法制备:需要说明的是,下述涉及到的百分比均为质量百分比,
(1)电弧炉冶炼:采用30t电炉冶炼,将废高铬钢作为原料投加到电弧炉中熔化,控制出钢时P含量为0.020%,出粗钢水量为32t。(2)AOD炉冶炼:先加入1000Kg石灰,再加入300Kg铬铁后,将粗钢水兑入AOD炉中;脱碳期控制炉渣碱度R为3.0,脱碳终点C含量为0.002%;加入950Kg硅铁进行还原,还原后分两批加入130Kg硫铁,每批加入65Kg,每次加入后搅拌8分钟,此时钢水硫含量为0.08%;冶炼过程中为防止增氮,全程吹氩气并搅拌。(3)LF钢包精炼:通过加入铬铁、镍铁、纯铁、纯钼、硅铁、纯锰、纯铌、硫铁合金进行成分微调,使得钢水成分(除了Te)满足设计含量配比要求。下一步,调节钢水温度为1607℃,喂入纯碲线,喂入速度为150m/min,喂线管出口与钢液液面距离控制在20cm,调整Te:0.007%。喂线结束后,吹氩气软吹12min,软吹气体压力和流量以不裸露钢液为准。下一步,调整钢水温度在1595℃,并加入碳化稻壳保温,碳化稻壳量以覆盖钢液为准,吊包出钢。(4)连铸:采用3机3流弧形连铸机进行浇铸,结晶器坯型180×180mm方,控制连铸中间包温度在1513~1518℃,平均拉速为1.0m/min,结晶器水量84m3/min。浇铸过程取样检测成品成分,具体成分如表1所示。(5)坯料加热和轧制:轧制7.5mm规格盘条,在加热炉温度900℃时,连铸坯进炉加热,升温到1020~1050℃时,保温53min开始出炉轧制。轧制采用控轧控冷,终轧温度控制在882℃,轧制速度控制45m/s;轧制过程可以使用减定径(TMB)精确控制线材尺寸。(6)固熔炉热处理:采用环形固溶炉进行固溶处理,在830℃下,加热100min,然后直接出炉入水冷却,盘条出炉到完全入水时间控制在48秒。(7)采用酸洗去除盘条表面氧化皮,制得不锈钢盘条成品,之后包装入库。
实施例2
本实施例中高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,按质量百分比计,主要由表1中的相应组分以及余量Fe和不可避免的杂质组成。
该不锈钢盘条通过以下方法制备:需要说明的是,下述涉及到的百分比均为质量百分比,
(1)电弧炉冶炼:采用30t电炉冶炼,在电弧炉中熔化废高铬钢,控制出钢P:0.019%,出粗钢水量为31t。(2)AOD炉冶炼:先加入1000Kg石灰,再加入280Kg铬铁后,将粗钢水兑入AOD炉中;脱碳期控制炉渣碱度R在3.3,脱碳终点C含量为0.001%;加入950Kg硅铁进行还原,还原后分两批加入140Kg硫铁,每批加入70Kg,每次加入后搅拌8分钟,此时钢水硫含量为0.13%;冶炼过程为防止增氮,全程吹氩气搅拌。(3)钢包精炼炉冶炼:通过加入铬铁、镍铁、纯铁、纯钼、硅铁、纯锰、纯铌、硫铁合金进行成分微调,使得钢水成分(除了Te)满足设计含量配比要求。下一步,调节钢水温度为1606℃,喂入纯碲线,喂入速度为150m/min,喂线管出口与钢液液面距离控制在20cm,调整Te:0.008%。喂线结束后,吹氩气软吹12min,软吹气体压力和流量以不裸露钢液为准。下一步,调整钢水温度在1598℃,并加入碳化稻壳保温,碳化稻壳量以覆盖钢液为准,吊包出钢。(4)连铸:采用3机3流弧形连铸机进行浇铸,结晶器坯型180x180mm,控制连铸中间包温度在1511~1518℃,平均拉速为1.0m/min,结晶器水量85m3/min。浇铸过程取样检测成品成分,具体成分如表1所示。(5)坯料加热和轧制:轧制7.5mm盘条,在加热炉温度900℃时,连铸坯进炉加热,升温到1020~1050℃时,保温61min开始出炉轧制。轧制采用控轧控冷,终轧温度控制在852℃,轧制速度控制45m/s;轧制过程使用减定径(TMB)精确控制线材尺寸。(6)固熔炉热处理:采用环形固溶炉进行固溶处理,在830℃下加热110min,然后直接出炉入水冷却,盘条出炉到完全入水时间控制在51秒。(7)采用酸洗去除盘条表面氧化皮,制得不锈钢盘条成品,之后包装入库。
实施例3
本实施例中高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,按质量百分比计,主要由表1中的相应组分以及余量Fe和不可避免的杂质组成。
该不锈钢盘条通过以下方法制备:需要说明的是,下述涉及到的百分比均为质量百分比,
(1)电弧炉冶炼:采用30t电炉冶炼,在电弧炉中熔化废钢,具体可以为高铬钢,控制出钢P含量为0.022%,出粗钢水量为34t。(2)AOD炉冶炼:先加入1000Kg石灰,再加入260Kg铬铁后,将粗钢水兑入AOD炉中;脱碳期炉渣碱度R控制在3.0,脱碳终点C含量为0.005%;加入960Kg硅铁进行还原,还原后分两批加入138Kg硫铁,每批加入69Kg,每次加入后搅拌8分钟,此时钢水硫含量为0.11%;冶炼过程为防止增氮,全程吹氩气并搅拌。(3)钢包精炼炉冶炼:通过加入铬铁、镍铁、纯铁、纯钼、硅铁、纯锰、纯铌、硫铁合金进行成分微调,使得钢水成分(除了Te)满足设计含量配比要求。下一步,调节钢水温度为1603℃,喂入纯碲线,喂入速度为150m/min,喂线管出口与钢液液面距离控制在20cm,调整Te:0.011%。喂线结束后,吹氩气软吹12min,软吹气体压力和流量以不裸露钢液为准。下一步,调整钢水温度在1594℃,并加入碳化稻壳保温,碳化稻壳量以覆盖钢液为准,吊包出钢。(4)连铸:采用3机3流弧形连铸机进行浇铸,结晶器坯型180x180mm,控制连铸中间包温度在1516~1520℃,平均拉速为1.0m/min,结晶器水量84m3/min。浇铸过程取样检测成品成分,具体成分如表1所示。(5)坯料加热和轧制:轧制规格10.0mm盘条,在加热炉温度900℃时,连铸坯进炉加热,升温到1020~1050℃时,保温72min开始出炉轧制。轧制采用控轧控冷,终轧温度控制在878℃,轧制速度控制30m/s,轧制过程使用减定径(TMB)精确控制线材尺寸。(6)固熔炉热处理:采用环形固溶炉进行固溶处理,在830℃下加热105min,然后直接出炉入水冷却,盘条出炉到完全入水时间控制在53秒。(7)采用酸洗去除盘条表面氧化皮,制得不锈钢盘条成品,之后包装入库。
表1三个实施例化学成分(%):
实施例 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Cu | Mo | N | Nb | Te |
1 | 0.010 | 1.55 | 0.31 | 0.022 | 0.086 | 17.89 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 1.46 | 0.013 | 0.28 | 0.007 |
2 | 0.012 | 1.53 | 0.28 | 0.026 | 0.15 | 18.15 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 1.48 | 0.011 | 0.29 | 0.008 |
3 | 0.015 | 1.54 | 0.27 | 0.028 | 0.10 | 18.25 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 1.51 | 0.010 | 0.30 | 0.011 |
表2本发明的三个实施例不锈钢盘条的具体性能参数:
从表2可看出,根据本发明实施制造的软磁铁素体不锈钢中性盐雾试验都可以保持96小时不生锈,说明本发明软磁不锈钢具超耐腐蚀;
硫化物形态及分布是反应切削性能好坏的重要指标,硫化物分布均匀、弥散,形态细小呈球状或短条状,表示材料具有较好的切削性能。图1中显示根据本发明实施例的软磁不锈钢硫化物分布及形态,说明具有良好的切削性能。图2反应车屑碎断效果好,表示车削时不缠刀,超易车削;
铁素体不锈钢延伸率大于20%,收缩率大于50%就说明有良好的机加工性能,从表2可看出,根据本发明实施制造的软磁铁素体不锈钢延伸率为35%、36%、35%,收缩率为79%、82%、79%,说明本发明实施制造的软磁铁素体不锈钢具有更优良的机加工性能,有利于客户拉拔加工;
饱和磁感应强度和矫顽力都是磁性能的重要指标,饱和磁感应强度越大、矫顽力越小表示材料软磁性越好,根据本发明实施例的软磁不锈钢材料的饱和磁感应强度Bs为1.511T、1.503T、1.498T,矫顽力Hc是215A·m-1、213A·m-1、226A·m-1,说明本发明实施制造的软磁铁素体不锈钢软磁性能良好。
总之,根据本发明实施制造的软磁不锈钢,具有高耐蚀性和超易切削性,并且有良好的机加工性能和软磁性能,可完全代替进口产品,用于汽车上各种电感器、变压器、扼流圈、滤波器等,可服役于各种恶劣环境。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不同限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。并且,本发明各个实施方式之间的技术方案可以相互结合,但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础,当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在,也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,包括S:0.05~0.15%、Si:1.0~2.0%、Cu:0.1~0.4%、Cr:17.0~19.0%、Mo:1.0~2.0%、Nb:0.2~0.4%、Te:0.005~0.015%、C≤0.03%、N≤0.03%、P≤0.03%、Mn≤0.8%、Ni≤0.4%,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,包括S:0.08~0.15%、Si:1.0~1.6%、Cu:0.2~0.4%、Cr:17.5~18.5%、Mo:1.0~1.5%、Nb:0.2~0.3%、Te:0.006~0.012%、Mn:0.3~0.8%、Ni:0.15~0.4%、C≤0.025%、N≤0.025%、P≤0.025%,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,3≤Mn/S、0.05≤Te/S≤0.5。
4.基于权利要求1至3中任一项所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,其特征在于,包括将原料依次经电弧炉冶炼、AOD炉冶炼、LF钢包精炼、连铸、连铸坯加热、轧制、固溶以及酸洗,最终制得不锈钢盘条成品;其中,
电弧炉冶炼过程中,控制出钢的P含量≤0.025%;
AOD炉冶炼过程中,吹氧脱碳时炉渣碱度控制在3.0~4.0,脱碳终点C含量控制在≤0.025%;AOD炉冶炼脱碳还原后,分批加入硫铁,并搅拌,控制S含量在0.08~0.15%;
LF钢包精炼时,先加入铬铁、镍铁、纯铁、纯钼、硅铁、纯锰、纯铌、硫铁合金进行成分微调,然后调节钢水温度至1600~1620℃后,喂入纯碲线,调整Te含量至0.006~0.012%;
上述涉及的物质含量,均按质量百分比计。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,其特征在于,在LF钢包精炼中,喂入纯碲线的速度为100~200m/min,喂线管出口与钢液面距离控制在5cm~50cm,喂线结束后,吹氩气软吹8~15min。
6.根据权利要求4所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,其特征在于,在AOD炉冶炼过程中,全程吹氩气并搅拌。
7.根据权利要求4所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,其特征在于,连铸过程中,连铸中间包温度控制在1510~1520℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,其特征在于,连铸坯加热过程中,加热炉温度为900℃时,连铸坯进炉加热,然后升温至1020~1050℃,保温40~80min后,开始出炉轧制。
9.根据权利要求4所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,其特征在于,轧制过程中,终轧温度控制在850~900℃,盘条直径为5.5~8.5mm时,轧制速度控制在40~55m/s,盘条直径为9.0~14mm时,轧制速度控制在20~40m/s,轧后空冷。
10.根据权利要求4所述的高耐腐蚀超易切削的软磁铁素体不锈钢盘条的制备方法,其特征在于,固溶过程中,加热温度控制在820~850℃,加热时长为90~120min,然后将盘条浸入水中。
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CN114606440A (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-10 | 浙江青山钢铁有限公司 | 一种高性能软磁不锈钢及其制备方法 |
CN115287544B (zh) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-10-31 | 浙江青山钢铁有限公司 | 一种具有优异焊接性能的软磁不锈钢盘条及其制造方法 |
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Denomination of invention: High corrosion-resistant and ultra easy to cut soft ferrite stainless steel wire rod and its preparation method Granted publication date: 20220722 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Qingtian Sub branch Pledgor: ZHEJIANG TSINGSHAN IRON & STEEL Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980014337 |