CN113462421B - Pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt - Google Patents
Pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt Download PDFInfo
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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Abstract
A pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) pretreating molten salt, (2) pretreating medical waste or waste plastic, and (3) putting molten salt mixed solid particles obtained by pretreating the molten salt in the step (1) into a molten salt storage tank; (4) Putting the medical waste or waste plastic solid particles or polyvinyl chloride solid particles obtained in the step (2) into a storage bin; the high-temperature molten salt is put into the pyrolysis furnace, and meanwhile, the medical waste particles or polyvinyl chloride particles in the storage bin are put into the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis to obtain high-quality liquid oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy regeneration of plastics and biomass, in particular to a pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastics by molten salt.
Background
Five major medical consumables of medicine nature, injury nature, chemistry, pathology and infectivity that medical institution produced, mainly disposable syringe, disposable test tube, etc. it is PP and PVC plastics mainly to constitute; and personal protection and disinfection articles in daily life of residents, mainly comprising disposable protective masks, alcohol disinfection cotton, hemostatic cotton sticks and the like. These medical wastes put a great pressure on the original medical waste disposal systems of some cities, may cause secondary pollution and virus diffusion if not properly treated, and may bring a potential risk to ecological safety. Pyrolysis is a mature resource heat conversion technology, is applied to the resource recycling of medical wastes, can skip or reduce the disinfection step of the medical wastes, and directly kills viruses or bacteria existing on the medical wastes at high temperature. And cracking PP, PVC and other plastics in medical wastes and disposable protective masks, alcohol sterilized cotton, hemostatic cotton swabs and other biomasses into volatile products in a high-temperature inert environment, and condensing to finally obtain gas, liquid and solid three-phase products. The liquid oil obtained after the pyrolysis of the medical waste contains a large amount of hydrocarbon, and the oxygen content in the liquid oil is reduced due to the co-pyrolysis of the plastic and the biomass, so that the pyrolyzed liquid product can be used as a raw material for chemical production and liquid fuel production, and the cost for cleaning the medical waste plastic is effectively reduced. However, the PVC plastic in the medical waste plastic contains a large amount of chlorine atoms, and the volatile components generated during the pyrolysis at high temperature are corrosive to some extent, so that the equipment and the pipeline need to be maintained regularly at extra cost.
The medical waste plastics not only contain plastic resources such as PP, PVC and the like, but also contain biomass resources such as masks, cotton swabs and the like, so that the pyrolysis reaction of the medical waste can be regarded as a co-pyrolysis reaction of biomass and plastics. The pyrolysis temperature interval of the two reactants is large, slow heating is not suitable for pyrolysis of medical wastes, and rapid heating can enable the two reactants in the medical wastes to produce synergistic effect. However, in the conventional pyrolysis reaction, an electric furnace is usually used as an indirect heating means, and the rapid temperature rise of the indirect heating often forms a temperature field opposite to the moving direction of pyrolysis volatile components in reactants, so that the volatile components generate serious secondary reaction, which is not beneficial to the formation of liquid oil. The infrared heating is a direct heating mode, the rapid temperature rise of two substances in the medical waste can be realized by directly acting infrared light waves on reactants, and the promotion effect of an inverse temperature field on the secondary reaction of pyrolysis volatile components of the medical waste is inhibited. However, the biomass in the medical waste generally contains a large amount of moisture, and the direct application of the biomass to infrared heating usually wastes a large amount of electric energy. Therefore, the medical waste can be dehydrated in advance by utilizing the advantage of stable electric heating and heat preservation, so that the efficient co-pyrolysis of the plastic and the biomass in the medical waste is realized.
The molten salt treatment technology is a pyrolysis process proposed by Rockwell International corporation in 1965, and the oxidation performance and the thermal conductivity of organic matters are enhanced by using molten salt as a reaction medium, so that the waste is rapidly cracked, and therefore, the pyrolysis process can efficiently decompose the organic waste. When the molten salt treatment technology is applied to the pyrolysis reaction of the medical waste plastic, the excellent heat conductivity of the molten salt can realize the rapid pyrolysis of the medical waste plastic. In addition, HCI corrosive gas released by PVC plastic in the high-temperature reaction process can be absorbed by molten salt, other inorganic matters and metals can be retained in the molten salt, and Na, K, ca and other alkali metals in the molten salt can be used as a catalyst to promote pyrolysis of medical wastes. On the other hand, with the gradual rise of the theory of clean and environmental protection, the solar heating technology is also gradually popular, the fused salt is used as a heat conducting agent in the pyrolysis field to realize the consumption of electric energy, and in addition, the fused salt can be used as an additional catalyst and heat conducting agent to further promote the pyrolysis of medical wastes and reduce the emission of pollutants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pyrolysis method for heating medical wastes or waste plastics by molten salt, which can realize effective utilization of the medical waste plastics, reduce the cost required by cleaning treatment and pipeline maintenance of the medical waste plastics, reduce secondary pollution, obtain high-quality liquid oil and have wide application prospects in the technical fields of comprehensive utilization of the medical wastes and renewable energy sources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a fused salt heating medical waste or old and useless plastics's pyrolysis device, component includes gas supply system (1), pyrolytic reaction device (2) and product recovery system (3), and the concrete structure and the relation of connection of component are:
the gas supply system comprises a first high-pressure gas cylinder (101 a), a second high-pressure gas cylinder (101 b), a third high-pressure gas cylinder (101 c), a safety valve (102), a first gas mass flow meter (103 a), a second gas mass flow meter (103 b) and a third gas mass flow meter (103 c), wherein the first high-pressure gas cylinder (101 a), the second high-pressure gas cylinder (101 b) and the third high-pressure gas cylinder (101 c) are firstly connected with the safety valve (102) through gas guide pipes, and then connected with the first gas mass flow meter (103 a), the second gas mass flow meter (103 b) and the third gas mass flow meter (103 c), the first gas mass flow meter (103 a) is connected to an upper gas inlet of a molten salt storage tank (201) in the pyrolysis reaction device (2) through gas guide pipes, the third gas mass flow meter (103 c) is connected to an upper gas inlet of a material bin (209) in the pyrolysis reaction device (2) through gas guide pipes, and the second gas mass flow meter (103 b) is connected to a middle gas inlet of a feeding pipe of a lower pyrolysis furnace (210) in the pyrolysis reaction device (2) through gas guide pipes;
the pyrolysis reaction device (2) consists of a molten salt storage tank (201), a first blanking valve (202), an upper pyrolysis furnace (203), a concave light-gathering plate (204), an electric furnace (205), a reflecting plate (206), a second blanking valve (207), a first thermocouple (208 a), a second thermocouple (208 b), a bin (209), a lower pyrolysis furnace (210), a first heating furnace (211 a), a second heating furnace (211 b), a pyrolysis zone (212), quartz wool (213), a sintering plate (214) and a controller (215), wherein the molten salt storage tank (201) is inserted into an upper central hole of the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) and is kept airtight through a rubber ring, the first blanking valve (202) is arranged on the blanking pipe under the molten salt storage tank (201), a knob screw of the first blanking valve (202) penetrates through a pipe body part of the molten salt storage tank (201), two groups of concave light-gathering plates (204) and two groups of concave light-gathering plates (206) are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace concave surface (203), the positions of the first blanking valve (204) and the reflecting plate (206) are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace concave surface (203), the upper pyrolysis furnace, the upper and lower pyrolysis furnace (203) can freely move, the position of the first blanking valve (205 a thermocouple (203) can pass through the upper and the lower pyrolysis furnace, the lower discharge port of the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) is inserted into the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), the two pipes are tightly jointed, the second blanking valve (207) is arranged on the upper feeding pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), the middle part of the upper feeding pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) is welded with an air inlet pipe, the device is used for connecting a gas supply system, a second thermocouple (208 b) penetrates through a hole of a furnace cover of a lower pyrolysis furnace (210) and is installed on the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), a first thermocouple (208 a) and a second thermocouple (208 b) are respectively connected with a controller (215) through two conducting wires, a storage bin (209) is arranged above the left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), an upper gas inlet of the storage bin (209) is connected with a third gas mass flow meter (103 c) in the gas supply system through a gas guide pipe, a lower discharge port of the storage bin (209) is inserted into a hole above the left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) and is welded, the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) can be sequentially divided into three parts, namely a pyrolysis area (212), quartz wool (213) and a sintering plate (214), the first heating furnace (211 a) is an infrared heating furnace, the second heating furnace (211 b) is an electric heating furnace, the electric furnace (205) is connected with the controller (215) through the conducting wires, and a lower heating furnace (211 a lower heating furnace (b) is also connected with a lower condensation system (301) and a product gas outlet;
the product recovery system (3) is composed of a U-shaped condensing pipe (301), a cooling pool (302), a gas washing bottle (303), a drying bottle (304), a wet-type flowmeter (305), a gas bag (306) and an online gas chromatograph (307), wherein an upper gas inlet of the U-shaped condensing pipe (301) is connected with a lower gas outlet of a middle-lower pyrolysis furnace (210) of the pyrolysis reaction device (2) through a gas guide pipe, the U-shaped condensing pipe (301) is placed in the cooling pool (302), a right gas outlet of the U-shaped condensing pipe (301) is connected with a left gas inlet of the gas washing bottle (303), the drying bottle (304), the wet-type flowmeter (305) and the gas bag (306) are sequentially connected through the gas guide pipe, the wet-type flowmeter (305) is used for detecting the volume of gas, the gas bag (306) is used for collecting the gas, and the online gas chromatograph (307) is installed between the wet-type flowmeter (305) and the gas bag (306) and used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time.
A pyrolysis method of a pyrolysis apparatus for heating medical waste or waste plastics using the molten salt, comprising the steps of:
(1) Pre-treating molten salt with Na 2 CO 3 、K 2 CO 3 And Li 2 CO 3 Crushing the 3 carbonates, grinding to below 40 meshes, and mixing with Na 2 CO 3 ：K 2 CO 3 ：Li 2 CO 3 =1:1:1, uniformly mixing;
(2) Pretreating medical wastes or waste plastics, and crushing the selected medical wastes or waste plastics to 1-2 mm;
(3) Weighing 300g of molten salt mixed solid particles obtained in the step (1) and putting the weighed solid particles into a molten salt storage tank (201);
(4) Weighing 50g of medical waste or waste plastic particles obtained in the step (2) and putting the medical waste or waste plastic particles into a storage bin (209);
(5) Checking the air tightness of the whole device by soapy water, then opening a high-pressure gas cylinder, controlling the flow rates of 3 gas mass flowmeters to be 200ml/min by a screwing safety valve (102), purging for 10min to keep the reactor in an inert environment, and finally controlling the flow rate of a first gas mass flowmeter (103 a) to be 0, the flow rate of a second gas mass flowmeter (103 b) to be 50ml/min and the flow rate of a third gas mass flowmeter (103 c) to be 100ml/min by the screwing safety valve (102);
(6) Adjusting the angles and the positions of an upper concave light-gathering plate (204) and a lower reflecting plate (206) to enable light rays to be gathered in the upper pyrolysis furnace (203), starting an electric furnace (205) when the display temperature of a display panel reaches 200 ℃ and keeps stable for 5min, and opening a first blanking valve (202) switch to lower molten salt into the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) after 10 min;
(7) The electric furnace (205) continues to heat the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) to ensure that the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) is raised to 400-800 ℃, and the heating furnace at the lower part is started after heat preservation is carried out for 10 min;
(8) The display panel displays that when the temperature of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) is 200-400 ℃, the switch of the second discharging valve (207) is opened to discharge the high-temperature molten salt into the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), and meanwhile, the discharging switch of the storage bin (209) is opened to discharge the medical waste or waste plastic particles in the storage bin (209) into the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) and stay for 30min.
And (4) determining the positions and the angles of the concave light-gathering plate (204) and the reflector (206) in the step (6) in real time according to the positions of the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) and the electric furnace (205).
And (3) carrying out pyrolysis reaction on the medical waste or waste plastic particles and the molten salt in the step (8), allowing generated volatile matters to enter a U-shaped condensing pipe (301) under the blowing of carrier gas to carry out gas-liquid separation, collecting gas products by an air bag (306) after gas washing, and detecting and analyzing components of the liquid oil in real time by an online gas chromatograph (307).
The gas in the first high-pressure gas bottle (101 a) is N 2 The gas in the second high-pressure gas cylinder (101 b) is CO, and the gas in the third high-pressure gas cylinder (101 c) is CO 2 。
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The pyrolysis of the medical waste belongs to the co-pyrolysis of plastics (PP and PVC) and biomass (cotton swabs, masks and cotton cloth), and meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of the molten salt is stronger than that of the medical waste, and the molten salt has higher initial temperature during reaction, so that the molten salt can realize the rapid heating of the two substances in the medical waste, thereby promoting the co-pyrolysis synergistic effect of the plastics and the biomass and improving the quality and yield of pyrolysis tar.
(2) The energy storage property of the molten salt is utilized, solar energy becomes a primary heating mode of melting and heating, then the electric furnace is used as a secondary heat preservation mode to keep the temperature of the molten salt constant with lower energy consumption, the electric furnace and the infrared heating furnace are used for final heating, and finally the molten salt with high temperature is used as a heat carrier to promote the rapid pyrolysis of medical wastes and absorb corrosive gas products such as HCl released during the pyrolysis of PVC plastics in the medical waste plastics, so that the energy and the cost are saved.
(3) The selected medical waste plastic has the advantages of large annual output, low price and easy obtaining, and the pyrolysis process part kills the medical waste plastic by high temperature to contain a large amount of bacteria and viruses, thereby saving the complex and high treatment cost.
(4) The selected molten salt is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, na + 、K + 、Li + The alkali metal ions have excellent catalytic performance on the pyrolysis of biomass and plastics, so that an additional catalyst is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastics by molten salt according to the invention.
Labeled as: the system comprises a gas supply system 1, a first high-pressure gas cylinder 101a, a second high-pressure gas cylinder 101b, a third high-pressure gas cylinder 101c, a safety valve 102, a first gas mass flow meter 103a, a second gas mass flow meter 103b, a third gas mass flow meter 103c, a pyrolysis reaction device 2, a molten salt storage tank 201, a first blanking valve 202, an upper pyrolysis furnace 203, a concave light-gathering plate 204, an electric furnace 205, a reflector 206, a second blanking valve 207, a first thermocouple 208a, a second thermocouple 208b, a bin 209, a lower pyrolysis furnace 210, a first heating furnace 211a, a second heating furnace 211b, a pyrolysis zone 212, quartz wool 213, a sintering plate 214, a controller 215, a product recovery system 3, a U-shaped condenser pipe 301, a cooling pool 302, a gas washing cylinder 303, a drying cylinder 304, a wet type flow meter 305, a gas bag 306 and an online gas chromatograph 307.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the attached drawings and the embodiment.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the pyrolysis apparatus for heating medical waste or waste plastic with molten salt according to the present embodiment includes an air supply system 1, a pyrolysis reaction apparatus 2, and a product recovery system 3, and the specific structure and connection relationship are as follows:
the gas supply system 1 comprises a first high-pressure gas cylinder 101a, a second high-pressure gas cylinder 101b, a third high-pressure gas cylinder 101c, a safety valve 102, a first gas mass flowmeter 103a, a second gas mass flowmeter 103b and a third gas mass flowmeter 103c, wherein the gas in the first high-pressure gas cylinder 101a is N 2 The gas in the second high-pressure gas cylinder 101b is CO, and the gas in the third high-pressure gas cylinder 101c is CO 2 First high-pressure gas cylinder 101a, second high-pressure gas cylinder 101b, third high-pressure gas cylinder 101c is connected with relief valve 102 through the air duct at first, connect first gas mass flowmeter 103a again, second gas mass flowmeter 103b, third gas mass flowmeter 103c, first gas mass flowmeter 103a is connected to the upper portion air inlet of fused salt holding vessel 201 in pyrolytic reaction device 2 through the air duct, second gas mass flowmeter 103b is connected to the upper portion inlet pipe middle part air inlet of lower part pyrolysis furnace 210 in pyrolytic reaction device 2 through the air duct, third gas mass flowmeter 103c is connected to the upper portion air inlet of feed bin 209 in pyrolytic reaction device 2 through the air duct, the air duct diameter of connecting each component in gas supply system 1 is 6mm, the material is rubber.
The pyrolysis reaction device 2 is divided into two-section pyrolysis and comprises a molten salt storage tank 201, a first blanking valve 202, an upper pyrolysis furnace 203, a concave light-gathering plate 204, an electric furnace 205, a reflecting plate 206, a second blanking valve 207, a first thermocouple 208a, a second thermocouple 208b, a bin 209, a lower pyrolysis furnace 210, a first heating furnace 211a, a second heating furnace 211b, a pyrolysis zone 212, quartz wool 213, a sintering plate 214 and a controller 215, wherein the molten salt storage tank 201 is inserted into an upper central hole of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 and is kept airtight through a rubber ring, the first blanking valve 202 is installed on a blanking pipe below the molten salt storage tank 201, a knob screw of the first blanking valve 202 penetrates through a pipe body part of the molten salt storage tank 201, the concave light-gathering plate 204 and the reflecting plate 206 are 2 groups, one light-gathering plate 204 and one reflecting plate 206 are one group, two groups of the thermoelectric modules are respectively arranged at two sides of an upper pyrolysis furnace 203, the positions and angles of a light-gathering plate 204 and a reflector 206 can freely move, electric furnaces 205 are arranged at two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 and can horizontally move up and down, a first thermocouple 208a penetrates through a hole at the bottom of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 and is arranged on the upper pyrolysis furnace 203, a lower discharge port of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 is inserted into an upper feed pipe of a lower pyrolysis furnace 210, the two pipes are tightly attached, a second blanking valve 207 is arranged on the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210, an air inlet pipe is welded outside the middle part of the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 and is used for connecting an air supply system, a second thermocouple 208b penetrates through a hole of a lower pyrolysis furnace 210 and is arranged on the lower pyrolysis furnace 210, the first thermocouple 208a and the second thermocouple 208b are respectively connected with a controller 215 through two leads, a storage bin 209 is arranged at the upper left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210, the upper portion feed inlet of feed bin 209 passes through the air duct and links to each other with the third gas mass flow meter 103c in the gas supply system 1, the lower part discharge gate of feed bin 209 is inserted in the hole of lower part pyrolysis oven 210 upper left side and is welded dead, lower part pyrolysis oven 210 is from last to divideing into pyrolysis zone 212 down in proper order, quartzy cotton 213 and sintering plate 214 three, first heating furnace 211a is infrared heating furnace, second heating furnace 211b is electric heating furnace, first heating furnace 211a of electric furnace 205 and lower part, second heating furnace 211b of lower part also links to each other with controller 215 through the wire, the lower part gas outlet of lower part pyrolysis oven 210 links to each other with the upper portion air inlet of U type condenser pipe 301 in the product recovery system 3.
The product recovery system 3 is composed of a U-shaped condensation pipe 301, a cooling pool 302, a gas washing bottle 303, a drying bottle 304, a wet type flow meter 305, a gas bag 306 and an online gas chromatograph 307. An upper air inlet of the U-shaped condenser pipe 301 is connected with a lower air outlet of the middle lower pyrolysis furnace 210 of the pyrolysis reaction device 2 through an air guide pipe, the U-shaped condenser pipe 301 is placed in the cooling tank 302, liquid in the cooling tank 302 is ethylene glycol solution, the temperature is-20 ℃, a right air outlet of the U-shaped condenser pipe 301 is connected with a left air inlet of the gas washing bottle 303, the number of the gas washing bottles 303 is 3, the medicine bottles are filled with acetone, the drying bottle 304, the wet flowmeter 305 and the gas bag 306 are sequentially connected through the air guide pipe, blue silica gel is filled in the drying bottle 304, the wet flowmeter 305 is used for detecting the volume of gas, the gas bag 306 is used for collecting the gas, and the online gas chromatograph 307 is installed between the wet flowmeter 305 and the gas bag 306 and used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time.
Example 2
This embodiment is an example of a pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic with molten salt according to the present invention, and includes the following steps:
firstly, reactants are pretreated, na is selected 2 CO 3 、K 2 CO 3 And Li 2 CO 3 Three kinds of molten carbonate salt are crushed and ground to below 40 meshes, and then the mixture is mixed with 1:1:1, mixing uniformly. The pretreatment of medical waste or polyvinyl chloride is simply carried out by drying and then crushing to 1-2 mm. 300g of the pretreated molten salt solid particles are weighed and put into a molten salt storage tank 201, and 50g of the medical waste plastic solid particles are weighed and put into a storage bin 209. Checking the air tightness of the whole device by using soapy water, then opening a high-pressure gas bottle 101, screwing a safety valve 102 to control the flow rates of a first gas mass flowmeter 103a, a second gas mass flowmeter 103b and a third gas mass flowmeter 103c to be 200ml/min, purging for 10min to keep the reactor in an inert environment, and finally screwing the safety valve 102 to control the flow rate of the first gas mass flowmeter 103a to be 0, the flow rate of the second gas mass flowmeter 103b to be 50ml/min and the flow rate of the third gas mass flowmeter 103c to be 100ml/min. And (3) adjusting the angles and the positions of the upper concave light-gathering plate 204 and the reflector 206 to gather light at the bottom of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203, starting the electric furnace 205 after the control plate 215 displays that the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 reaches 200 ℃ and keeps stable for 5min, and opening a switch of the first blanking valve 202 when 10min to discharge the molten salt in the molten salt storage tank 201 to the upper pyrolysis furnace 203. The electric furnace 205 continues to heat the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to raise the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to 500 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 10min, and the infrared heating furnace 211a or the electric furnace 211b of the lower heating furnace is started. Control panel 215 shows the lower pyrolysis furnaceWhen the temperature of 210 is 250 ℃, the switch of the second feeding valve 207 is opened to lower the molten salt having a high temperature in the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to the lower pyrolysis furnace 210. Meanwhile, a discharging switch of the bin 209 is opened, the medical waste particles or the polyvinyl chloride particles in the bin 209 are placed into the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 and stay for 30min, and the high-temperature molten salt can enable the low-temperature medical waste particles or the low-temperature polyvinyl chloride particles to be heated rapidly.
The pyrolysis atmosphere generated in the pyrolysis reaction device 2 is blown into the product recovery system 3 by the carrier gas in the gas supply system 1, and is first collected by the U-shaped condenser tube 301 in the product recovery system 3 and primary gas-liquid separation of the pyrolysis gas and the liquid oil is realized. The pyrolysis gas after the primary separation enters a gas washing bottle 303, secondary gas-liquid separation is carried out, and residual micromolecule liquid in the pyrolysis gas is removed. Pyrolysis gas after secondary gas-liquid separation enters a drying bottle 304 to be dried and then is collected by an air bag 306, and an online gas chromatograph 307 is used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time on line.
The final yield of liquid oil was 78.3%, the yield of pyrolysis gas was 10.8%, and the composition of gas analyzed by the in-line gas chromatograph 307 was H 2 17.2％、CH 4 15.4％、CO20.6％、CO 2 29.0％、C 2 H 4 11.9％、C 2 H 6 2.9％、C 3 H 6 2.7％。
Example 3
This embodiment is another example of the pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic with molten salt according to the present invention, and includes the following steps:
firstly, the reactant is pretreated, na is selected 2 CO 3 、K 2 CO 3 And Li 2 CO 3 Three kinds of molten carbonate salt are crushed and ground to below 40 meshes, and then the mixture is mixed with 1:1:1, and mixing uniformly. The pretreatment of medical waste or polyvinyl chloride is simply carried out by drying and then crushing to 1-2 mm. 300g of the pretreated molten salt solid particles are weighed and put into a molten salt storage tank 201, and 50g of the medical waste plastic solid particles are weighed and put into a storage bin 209. Checking the airtightness of the whole device by soapy water, then opening the high-pressure gas cylinder 101, screwing the safety valve 102 for controlThe flow rates of the first gas mass flowmeter 103a, the second gas mass flowmeter 103b and the third gas mass flowmeter 103c are all 200ml/min, purging is carried out for 10min to keep the reactor in an inert environment, and finally the flow rate of the first gas mass flowmeter 103a, the flow rate of the second gas mass flowmeter 103b and the flow rate of the third gas mass flowmeter 103c are controlled to be 0, 50ml/min and 100ml/min by the aid of the screw-on safety valve 102. And adjusting the angles and the positions of the upper concave light-gathering plate 204 and the reflector 206 to gather light rays at the bottom of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203, starting the electric furnace 205 after the control plate 215 displays that the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 reaches 200 ℃ and keeps stable for 5min, and opening a switch of the first blanking valve 202 to discharge the molten salt in the molten salt storage tank 201 to the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 after 10 min. The electric furnace 205 continues to heat the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to raise the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to 600 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 10min, and the infrared heating furnace 211a or the electric furnace 211b of the lower heating furnace is started. When the control board 215 indicates that the temperature of the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 is 250 ℃, the switch of the second baiting valve 207 is opened to lower the molten salt having a high temperature in the upper pyrolysis furnace 203 to the lower pyrolysis furnace 210. Meanwhile, a discharging switch of the bin 209 is opened, the medical waste particles or the polyvinyl chloride particles in the bin 209 are placed into the lower pyrolysis furnace 210 and stay for 30min, and the high-temperature molten salt can enable the low-temperature medical waste particles or the low-temperature polyvinyl chloride particles to be heated rapidly.
The pyrolysis atmosphere generated in the pyrolysis reaction device 2 is blown into the product recovery system 3 by the carrier gas in the gas supply system 1, and is first collected by the U-shaped condenser tube 301 in the product recovery system 3 and primary gas-liquid separation of the pyrolysis gas and the liquid oil is realized. The pyrolysis gas after the primary separation enters a gas washing bottle 303, secondary gas-liquid separation is carried out, and residual micromolecule liquid in the pyrolysis gas is removed. The pyrolysis gas after the secondary gas-liquid separation enters a drying bottle 304 to be dried and then is collected by an air bag 306, and an online gas chromatograph 307 is used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time and online.
The final yield of liquid oil was 71.9%, the yield of pyrolysis gas was 13.6%, and the composition of gas analyzed by the in-line gas chromatograph 307 was H 2 16.3％、CH 4 15.0％、CO19.3％、CO 2 31.2％、C 2 H 4 12.0％、C 2 H 6 3.4％、C 3 H 6 3.0％。
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the preferred modes for implementing the invention, and not all of them. Obviously, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a fuse salt heating medical waste or old and useless plastics's pyrolysis device, component includes gas supply system (1), pyrolytic reaction device (2) and product recovery system (3), its characterized in that, the concrete structure and the relation of connection of component are:
the gas supply system comprises a first high-pressure gas cylinder (101 a), a second high-pressure gas cylinder (101 b), a third high-pressure gas cylinder (101 c), a safety valve (102), a first gas mass flow meter (103 a), a second gas mass flow meter (103 b) and a third gas mass flow meter (103 c), wherein the first high-pressure gas cylinder (101 a), the second high-pressure gas cylinder (101 b) and the third high-pressure gas cylinder (101 c) are firstly connected with the safety valve (102) through gas guide pipes, and then connected with the first gas mass flow meter (103 a), the second gas mass flow meter (103 b) and the third gas mass flow meter (103 c), the first gas mass flow meter (103 a) is connected to an upper gas inlet of a molten salt storage tank (201) in the pyrolysis reaction device (2) through gas guide pipes, the third gas mass flow meter (103 c) is connected to an upper gas inlet of a material bin (209) in the pyrolysis reaction device (2) through gas guide pipes, and the second gas mass flow meter (103 b) is connected to a middle gas inlet of a feeding pipe of a lower pyrolysis furnace (210) in the pyrolysis reaction device (2) through gas guide pipes;
the pyrolysis reaction device (2) consists of a molten salt storage tank (201), a first blanking valve (202), an upper pyrolysis furnace (203), a concave light-gathering plate (204), an electric furnace (205), a reflecting plate (206), a second blanking valve (207), a first thermocouple (208 a), a second thermocouple (208 b), a bin (209), a lower pyrolysis furnace (210), a first heating furnace (211 a), a second heating furnace (211 b), a pyrolysis zone (212), quartz wool (213), a sintering plate (214) and a controller (215), wherein the molten salt storage tank (201) is inserted into an upper central hole of the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) and is kept airtight through a rubber ring, the first blanking valve (202) is arranged on the blanking pipe under the molten salt storage tank (201), a knob screw of the first blanking valve (202) penetrates through a pipe body part of the molten salt storage tank (201), two groups of concave light-gathering plates (204) and two groups of concave light-gathering plates (206) are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace concave surface (203), the positions of the first blanking valve (204) and the reflecting plate (206) are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper pyrolysis furnace concave surface (203), the upper pyrolysis furnace, the upper and lower pyrolysis furnace (203) can freely move, the position of the first blanking valve (205 a thermocouple (203) can pass through the upper and the lower pyrolysis furnace, the lower discharge port of the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) is inserted into the upper feed pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), the two pipes are tightly jointed, the second blanking valve (207) is arranged on the upper feeding pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), the middle part of the upper feeding pipe of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) is welded with an air inlet pipe, the device is used for connecting a gas supply system, a second thermocouple (208 b) penetrates through a hole of a furnace cover of a lower pyrolysis furnace (210) and is installed on the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), a first thermocouple (208 a) and a second thermocouple (208 b) are respectively connected with a controller (215) through two conducting wires, a storage bin (209) is arranged above the left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), an upper gas inlet of the storage bin (209) is connected with a third gas mass flow meter (103 c) in the gas supply system through a gas guide pipe, a lower discharge port of the storage bin (209) is inserted into a hole above the left side of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) and is welded, the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) can be sequentially divided into three parts, namely a pyrolysis area (212), quartz wool (213) and a sintering plate (214), the first heating furnace (211 a) is an infrared heating furnace, the second heating furnace (211 b) is an electric heating furnace, the electric furnace (205) is connected with the controller (215) through the conducting wires, and a lower heating furnace (211 a lower heating furnace (b) is also connected with a lower condensation system (301) and a product gas outlet;
the product recovery system (3) is composed of a U-shaped condensing pipe (301), a cooling pool (302), a gas washing bottle (303), a drying bottle (304), a wet-type flowmeter (305), a gas bag (306) and an online gas chromatograph (307), wherein an upper gas inlet of the U-shaped condensing pipe (301) is connected with a lower gas outlet of a middle-lower pyrolysis furnace (210) of the pyrolysis reaction device (2) through a gas guide pipe, the U-shaped condensing pipe (301) is placed in the cooling pool (302), a right gas outlet of the U-shaped condensing pipe (301) is connected with a left gas inlet of the gas washing bottle (303), the drying bottle (304), the wet-type flowmeter (305) and the gas bag (306) are sequentially connected through the gas guide pipe, the wet-type flowmeter (305) is used for detecting the volume of gas, the gas bag (306) is used for collecting the gas, and the online gas chromatograph (307) is installed between the wet-type flowmeter (305) and the gas bag (306) and used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time.
2. A pyrolysis method of a pyrolysis apparatus for heating medical waste or waste plastics using the molten salt according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Pre-treating molten salt, selecting Na 2 CO 3 、K 2 CO 3 And Li 2 CO 3 The 3 carbonates are crushed and ground to below 40 meshes, and then are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion;
(2) Pretreating medical wastes or waste plastics, and crushing the selected medical wastes or waste plastics to 1-2 mm;
(3) Weighing 300g of molten salt mixed solid particles obtained in the step (1) and putting the weighed solid particles into a molten salt storage tank (201);
(4) Weighing 50g of medical waste or waste plastic particles obtained in the step (2) and putting the medical waste or waste plastic particles into a storage bin (209);
(5) Checking the air tightness of the whole device by soapy water, then opening a high-pressure gas cylinder, controlling the flow rates of 3 gas mass flowmeters to be 200ml/min by a screwing safety valve (102), purging for 10min to keep the reactor in an inert environment, and finally controlling the flow rate of a first gas mass flowmeter (103 a) to be 0, the flow rate of a second gas mass flowmeter (103 b) to be 50ml/min and the flow rate of a third gas mass flowmeter (103 c) to be 100ml/min by the screwing safety valve (102);
(6) Adjusting the angles and the positions of an upper concave light-gathering plate (204) and a lower reflecting plate (206) to enable light rays to be gathered in the upper pyrolysis furnace (203), starting an electric furnace (205) when the display temperature of a display panel reaches 200 ℃ and keeps stable for 5min, and opening a first blanking valve (202) switch to lower molten salt into the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) after 10 min;
(7) The electric furnace (205) continues to heat the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) to ensure that the temperature of the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) is raised to 400-800 ℃, and the heating furnace at the lower part is started after heat preservation is carried out for 10 min;
(8) The display panel displays that when the temperature of the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) is 200-400 ℃, the switch of the second discharging valve (207) is opened to discharge the high-temperature molten salt into the lower pyrolysis furnace (210), and meanwhile, the discharging switch of the storage bin (209) is opened to discharge the medical waste or waste plastic particles in the storage bin (209) into the lower pyrolysis furnace (210) and stay for 30min.
3. A pyrolysis method according to claim 2, wherein the position and angle of the concave light-gathering plate (204) and the light-reflecting plate (206) in the step (6) are determined in real time according to the positions of the upper pyrolysis furnace (203) and the electric furnace (205).
4. The pyrolysis method according to claim 2, wherein in the pyrolysis reaction of the medical waste or waste plastic particles and the molten salt in the step (8), the generated volatile matter enters the U-shaped condensation pipe (301) under the blowing of the carrier gas to undergo gas-liquid separation, the gas product is collected by the gas bag (306) after being washed, and the components of the liquid oil are detected and analyzed in real time by the online gas chromatograph (307).
5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas in the first high-pressure gas cylinder (101 a) is N 2 The gas in the second high-pressure gas cylinder (101 b) is CO, and the gas in the third high-pressure gas cylinder (101 c) is CO 2 。
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