CN113444498A - Charging wire cooling liquid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Charging wire cooling liquid and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113444498A CN113444498A CN202110874973.8A CN202110874973A CN113444498A CN 113444498 A CN113444498 A CN 113444498A CN 202110874973 A CN202110874973 A CN 202110874973A CN 113444498 A CN113444498 A CN 113444498A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
Abstract
The invention relates to a charging wire cooling liquid and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: weighing 80-120 parts of cooling liquid matrix and 0.1-2 parts of surfactant, and uniformly mixing the cooling liquid matrix and the surfactant to uniformly distribute the surfactant in the cooling liquid matrix; adding 0.1-1 part of heat-conducting powder into the mixed solution, so that the nano particles of the heat-conducting powder can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling liquid matrix and the surfactant to form a stable mixed suspension; and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions in the mixed suspension to obtain the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 1.0-2.0 mu s/cm and the heat conductivity of 0.5-0.7W/m.K. The cooling liquid has good thermal conductivity, reduces the using amount of lead copper in the charging wire, and can still meet the cooling use requirement of large-current charging under large current.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cooling liquid, in particular to cooling liquid applied to the field of charging cables and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The current rapid development of the electric vehicle brings comfortable driving experience to people, and the electromotion storm is just like a trip mode of people in a revolutionary quick trip, but a major bottleneck of comprehensively replacing a fuel vehicle at present is that the charging speed is too slow, along with the continuous increase of a battery pack, the demand of people for quick charging is continuously increased, the development of quick charging is urgent, while charging piles, battery cores and the like are continuously evolved, charging wires capable of being quickly charged also become the important factor to be solved urgently, the charging wires commonly used in the current charging piles can provide 250A current at most, if the requirements such as heat release and the like are considered, the charging of large current needs thicker copper/aluminum wires, particularly along with the requirement of high-power quick charging, the current carrying of the charging wires needs to reach the requirements of 250A-800A, the thicker copper/aluminum wires are needed, and the thicker charging wires are expensive, it is also cumbersome to handle. At this time, the problem of solving the charging and discharging of large current is an urgent problem to be solved on the premise of not increasing or reducing the cross section of the cable.
Liquid cooling is an effective solution, the cooling liquid is an important heat transfer medium for a large-current charging wire, and the redundant heat generated in the charging process needs to be conducted, distributed, stored and released by taking the cooling liquid as a heat conducting carrier. The quality of the cooling liquid is directly related to the running performance and the service life of the charging system and the cooling system thereof. Besides heat exchange, the cooling liquid must also have the performance guarantee of freeze resistance, boiling resistance, corrosion resistance, scale resistance and the like. Water is used as the most common cooling medium, the existing cooling liquid mainly comprises several types, one type is deionized purified water, the type can only be used as an environmental condition above the freezing point, the cooling liquid is applied to internal tests in laboratories as far as possible and is difficult to be used commercially as the cooling liquid, the other type is the antifreeze anticorrosion cooling liquid formed by mixing glycol and deionized water, the application of various low-temperature conditions can be suitable, the antifreeze refrigeration requirements are met by various mixed alcohol organic liquids and deionized water, but the environmental protection problem caused by glycol is increasingly obvious, once the glycol is taken into a body by people, renal tubules between glomeruli in the kidney can be damaged, renal failure can be seriously caused, dizziness, somnolence, nystagmus and other symptoms can be caused by long-term contact, therefore, the cooling liquid with good cooling effect, no toxicity and low cost is searched for effective heat management and heat transfer enhancement, reducing heat loss and improving energy utilization become problems that are urgently needed to be solved at present.
With the development of the enhanced heat transfer technology, the heat transfer capability of the cooling medium has become a major obstacle for the new generation of high-efficiency cooling technology. In order to further develop efficient charging equipment with small volume, light weight and strong heat exchange and meet the requirement of high-load heat transfer, a medium needs to be started to develop a novel efficient heat transfer medium with high heat conductivity and good heat transfer performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cooling liquid for a charging wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cooling liquid has good thermal conductivity, the using amount of copper in a conducting wire in the charging wire is reduced, and the cooling use requirement of large-current charging can be still met under large current.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a charging wire cooling liquid, which comprises the following steps:
the cooling liquid is prepared by uniformly mixing 80-120 parts by weight of a cooling liquid matrix and 0.1-2 parts by weight of a surfactant to uniformly distribute the surfactant in the cooling liquid matrix;
adding 0.1-1 part of heat-conducting powder into the mixed solution, so that the nano particles can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling matrix and the surfactant to form a stable mixed suspension;
and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions in the mixed suspension to obtain the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 1.0-2.0 mu s/cm and the heat conductivity of 0.5-0.7W/m.K.
The invention provides a charging wire cooling liquid which is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 80-120 parts of a cooling liquid matrix, 0.1-1 part of heat-conducting powder and 0.1-2 parts of a surfactant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cooling liquid prepared by the invention has good heat transfer performance, and has good chemical stability because the heat-conducting powder particles have small size, large specific surface area, uniform dispersion, obviously improved thermal physical properties such as heat conductivity, thermal diffusivity and the like, namely the cooling liquid does not generate chemical reaction under the cooling condition; compared with the existing commercial cooling liquid, the finally prepared cooling liquid has the advantages that the heat conductivity coefficient is obviously improved, the heat exchange capacity is greatly improved, and the cooling liquid has obvious advantages;
the cooling liquid prepared by the invention has good insulativity, the conductivity is less than 10 mu s/cm, and the cooling liquid can be stored and used for a long time without sedimentation;
the cooling liquid prepared by the invention can effectively reduce the pumping power loss and reduce the volume and weight of a cooling system; in addition, the conductive nano particles also improve the boiling point, reduce the freezing point of the cooling liquid and enlarge the application range under the conditions of high temperature and low temperature compared with the traditional cooling liquid;
the cooling liquid has simple preparation process, low cost, no toxicity and no harm and is suitable for batch production.
Detailed Description
The charging wire cooling liquid is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 80-120 parts of a cooling liquid matrix, 0.1-2 parts of a surfactant and 0.1-1 part of a heat-conducting powder, and the preparation method of the cooling liquid comprises the following steps:
weighing raw materials in parts by weight, and weighing 80-120 parts of cooling liquid matrix and 0.1-2 parts of surfactant in parts by weight. Mixing uniformly to make the surfactant uniformly distributed in the cooling liquid matrix;
adding 0.1-1 part of heat-conducting powder into the mixed solution, so that the conductive nanoparticles in the heat-conducting powder can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling liquid matrix and the surfactant to form a stable mixed suspension;
and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions in the mixed suspension to obtain the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 1.0-2.0 mu s/cm and the heat conductivity of 0.5-0.7W/m.K.
Specifically, the cooling liquid matrix is one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, decanoic acid, octanoic acid and isooctanoic acid.
The surfactant is one or more of polyethylene glycol type, polyalcohol type and alkylolamide type nonionic surfactants.
The heat-conducting powder is TiO2，Al2O3At least one or a mixture of ZnO, CuO and MgO, and the characteristic size of the heat-conducting powder particles is within 10-100 nm.
The ion exchange resin is a mixed ion exchange resin of cations and anions, and the size of resin particles is 0.3-1.2 mm.
Example 1
A cooling liquid for charging wires is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, wherein a cooling liquid matrix comprises 80 parts of n-decane and 20 parts of propylene glycol, 2 parts of polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant and 1 part of MgO conductive nanoparticles with the particle size of 50nm, and the preparation method of the cooling liquid comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing 800g of n-decane and 200g of propylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 8:2, and uniformly stirring the mixed cooling liquid matrix;
adding 20g of polyethylene glycol type nonionic surface active agent into a cooling liquid matrix, uniformly mixing, and mechanically stirring for 10 hours to ensure that the surface active agent is uniformly distributed in the cooling liquid matrix;
adding 10g of MgO conductive nanoparticles with the particle size of 50nm into the mixed solution, so that the conductive nanoparticles can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling liquid matrix and the nonionic surfactant to prevent the conductive nanoparticles from agglomerating, the stability of the mixed solution is maintained, the liquid conductivity is reduced, and the ultrasonic oscillation lasts for 24 hours at the medium frequency of 50kHz at the temperature of 40 ℃ of a water bath kettle to finally form a stable mixed suspension;
and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions, thus obtaining the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 1 mu s/cm and the thermal conductivity of 0.6W/m.K.
Example 2:
a cooling liquid for charging wire is prepared from n-nonane (50 portions) and ethylene glycol (50 portions), polyol-type nonionic surfactant (0.5 portion), and TiO with particle size of 30nm21 part of conductive nano particles, and the preparation method of the specific cooling liquid comprises the following steps:
firstly, 500g of n-nonane and 500g of ethylene glycol are weighed and prepared according to the mass ratio of 5:5, and the total amount of a cooling liquid matrix is 1000g, and the mixed cooling liquid matrix is uniformly stirred;
adding 5g of polyol type nonionic surfactant, uniformly mixing with the cooling liquid matrix, and mechanically stirring for 5 hours to uniformly distribute the surfactant in the cooling liquid matrix;
adding TiO with the particle size of 30nm into the mixed solution210g of conductive nanoparticles, so that the conductive nanoparticles can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling matrix and the surfactant to prevent the conductive nanoparticles from agglomerating, the stability of the mixed solution is kept, the conductivity of the liquid is reduced, and the ultrasonic oscillation lasts for 24 hours at the medium frequency of 50kHz at the temperature of 30 ℃ of a water bath to finally form a stable mixed suspension;
and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions, thus obtaining the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 2 mu s/cm and the thermal conductivity of 0.54W/m.K.
Example 3:
a cooling liquid matrix of a charging wire consists of 60 parts of ethylene glycol and 20 parts of caproic acid, 0.5 part of polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant and 1 part of ZnO conductive nano particles with the particle size of 30nm, and the preparation method of the cooling liquid comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing 600g of ethylene glycol and 800g of caproic acid prepared refrigeration cooling liquid matrix according to the mass ratio of 6:2, and uniformly stirring the mixed cooling liquid matrix;
adding 5g of polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant into the cooling liquid matrix, uniformly mixing, and mechanically stirring for 8 hours to uniformly distribute the nonionic surfactant in the cooling liquid matrix;
adding 10g of ZnO conductive nanoparticles with the particle size of 30nm into the mixed solution, so that the conductive nanoparticles can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling liquid matrix and the nonionic surfactant, preventing the conductive nanoparticles from agglomerating, maintaining the stability of the mixed solution, reducing the conductivity of the liquid, and continuously oscillating for 24 hours at 50kHz middle frequency at the temperature of a water bath kettle of 50 ℃ to finally form stable mixed suspension;
and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions, thus obtaining the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 1.5 mu s/cm and the thermal conductivity of 0.5W/m.K.
Example 4:
a cooling liquid for charging wires is prepared from cooling liquid matrix 120 parts of nonane, polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant 0.1 part, and heat-conducting powder composed of MgO and ZnO with particle size of 30nm according to a ratio of 1:1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
firstly weighing 1200g of nonane, and preparing a cooling liquid matrix;
adding 1g of polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant into a cooling liquid matrix, uniformly mixing, and mechanically stirring for 8 hours to uniformly distribute the nonionic surfactant in the cooling liquid matrix;
adding 0.5g of MgO and 0.5g of ZnO with the particle size of 30nm into the mixed solution, so that the conductive nano particles can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling liquid matrix and the nonionic surfactant, the agglomeration of the conductive nano particles is prevented, the stability of the mixed solution is maintained, the conductivity of the liquid is reduced, and the ultrasonic oscillation lasts for 24 hours at the medium frequency of 50kHz at the temperature of a water bath kettle of 50 ℃, and finally a stable mixed suspension is formed;
and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions, thus obtaining the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 1 mu s/cm and the thermal conductivity of 0.58W/m.K.
Example 5:
the cooling liquid for the charging wire is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, wherein a cooling liquid matrix comprises 10 parts of propylene glycol and 90 parts of caproic acid, 2 parts of a polyol-type nonionic surfactant and 1 part of 50nm ZnO conductive nanoparticles. The preparation method of the specific cooling liquid comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing 100g of propylene glycol and 900g of caproic acid to prepare 1000g of cooling liquid matrix, and uniformly stirring the mixed cooling liquid matrix;
adding 20g of polyol type nonionic surfactant, uniformly mixing with the cooling liquid matrix, and mechanically stirring for 8 hours to uniformly distribute the surfactant in the cooling liquid matrix;
adding 10g of ZnO conductive nanoparticles with the particle size of 50nm into the mixed solution, so that the conductive nanoparticles can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling liquid matrix and the nonionic surfactant, preventing the conductive nanoparticles from agglomerating, maintaining the stability of the mixed solution, reducing the conductivity of the liquid, and continuously oscillating for 24 hours at the medium frequency of 50kHz at the temperature of 40 ℃ of a water bath kettle to finally form a stable mixed suspension;
and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions, thus obtaining the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 1 mu s/cm and the thermal conductivity of 0.7W/m.K.
Table 1 compares the performance parameters of the coolants prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the invention with those of other typical coolants:
as can be seen from the table, the cooling liquid finally prepared in example 1 had a relatively low density (780 kg/m)3) 30% lower than the conventional 50% ethylene glycol aqueous solution of comparative example 1, about 50% lower than the fluoroether of comparative example 2, and 20% lower than the silicone oil of comparative example 3. The refrigerating fluid of the invention has lighter density, higher lightning (190 ℃) and lower pour point (-70 ℃), is 10 ℃ lower than the pour point of the silicone oil of the comparative example 3, has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.60(W/m.K), and is improved by nearly 70% compared with the 0.35W/(m.K) of the traditional 50% glycol aqueous solution of the comparative example 1. The cooling liquid is applied to the quick charging wire, so that the charging of safer and larger current can be carried out on the same charging equipment at lower cost in a wider use temperature range.
The cooling liquid prepared by the invention has good heat transfer performance, through the embodiments 2-5, the viscosity, the density and the heat conductivity coefficient of the cooling liquid can be adjusted through the regulation and control of different formulas, and the cooling liquid has excellent cooling performance, because the heat-conducting powder particles have small size and large specific surface area, are uniformly dispersed in the cooling liquid, and have obviously improved thermal physical properties such as heat conductivity, thermal diffusivity and the like. Meanwhile, the chemical stability is good, namely, the cooling liquid does not generate chemical reaction under the cooling condition; compared with the existing commercial cooling liquid, the finally prepared cooling liquid has the advantages that the heat conductivity coefficient is obviously improved, the heat exchange capacity is greatly improved, and the cooling liquid has obvious advantages; the cooling liquid prepared by the invention has good insulativity, the conductivity is less than 10 mu s/cm, and the cooling liquid can be stored and used for a long time without sedimentation; the pumping power loss can be effectively reduced, and the volume and the weight of a cooling system are reduced; in addition, the conductive nano particles also improve the boiling point, reduce the freezing point of the cooling liquid and enlarge the application range under the conditions of high temperature and low temperature compared with the traditional cooling liquid; finally, the cooling liquid of the invention has simple preparation process, low cost, no toxicity and harmlessness and is suitable for batch production.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a charging wire cooling liquid is characterized in that,
the cooling liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of cooling liquid matrix and 0.1-2 parts of surfactant, and uniformly mixing the two to ensure that the surfactant is uniformly distributed in the cooling liquid matrix;
adding 0.1-1 part of heat-conducting powder into the mixed solution, so that the nano particles of the heat-conducting powder can be uniformly dispersed in the cooling liquid matrix and the surfactant to form a stable mixed suspension;
and (3) passing the mixed suspension through ion exchange resin to remove conductive ions in the mixed suspension to obtain the cooling liquid with the electric conductivity of 1.0-2.0 mu s/cm and the heat conductivity of 0.5-0.7W/m.K.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the coolant base is a combination of one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, decanoic acid, octanoic acid, and isooctanoic acid.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a mixture of any one or more of polyethylene glycol type, polyhydric alcohol type, and alkylolamide type nonionic surfactants.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive powder is TiO2，Al2O3At least one or a mixture of ZnO, CuO and MgO, and the characteristic size of the heat-conducting powder particles is within 10-100 nm.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ion exchange resin is a mixed cation and anion ion exchange resin, and the size of resin particles is 0.3-1.2 mm.
6. A charging wire cooling liquid prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the charging wire cooling liquid is prepared from 80 to 120 parts by weight of a cooling liquid matrix, 0.1 to 1 part by weight of a heat-conducting powder and 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of a surfactant.
7. The cooling liquid as claimed in claim 6, which is prepared from 90-110 parts by weight of a cooling liquid matrix, 0.5-1 part by weight of a heat-conducting powder and 1-2 parts by weight of a surfactant.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110874973.8A CN113444498A (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Charging wire cooling liquid and preparation method thereof |
| PCT/CN2021/117171 WO2023004943A1 (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-08 | Charging cable cooling liquid and preparation method therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110874973.8A CN113444498A (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Charging wire cooling liquid and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113444498A true CN113444498A (en) | 2021-09-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110874973.8A Pending CN113444498A (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Charging wire cooling liquid and preparation method thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN113444498A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023004943A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1329123A (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-01-02 | 南京理工大学 | Nanometer fluid high-effective heat-conductive cooling working medium and its preparation method |
| RU2007111375A (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2008-10-20 | Хонейвелл Интернэшнл Инк. (Us) | PROCESSED ION EXCHANGE RESINS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THEREOF, INSTALLATION AND HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEMS CONTAINING THEM, AND METHOD FOR APPLICATION OF THEM |
| CN112457822A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） | Fuel cell cooling liquid and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103045180B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-06-10 | 青岛科技大学 | Low-conductivity nanofluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN112457823A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） | Refrigerating fluid for fuel cell power generation module and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-07-30 CN CN202110874973.8A patent/CN113444498A/en active Pending
- 2021-09-08 WO PCT/CN2021/117171 patent/WO2023004943A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1329123A (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-01-02 | 南京理工大学 | Nanometer fluid high-effective heat-conductive cooling working medium and its preparation method |
| RU2007111375A (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2008-10-20 | Хонейвелл Интернэшнл Инк. (Us) | PROCESSED ION EXCHANGE RESINS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THEREOF, INSTALLATION AND HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEMS CONTAINING THEM, AND METHOD FOR APPLICATION OF THEM |
| CN112457822A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） | Fuel cell cooling liquid and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2023004943A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 |
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Application publication date: 20210928 |