CN113440951A - 一种聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料 - Google Patents

一种聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料 Download PDF

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CN113440951A
CN113440951A CN202010244573.4A CN202010244573A CN113440951A CN 113440951 A CN113440951 A CN 113440951A CN 202010244573 A CN202010244573 A CN 202010244573A CN 113440951 A CN113440951 A CN 113440951A
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silver
filter material
polytetrafluoroethylene
composite filter
melt
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肖平
肖忠良
蔡醇洋
唐毅
李慧
苏鉴
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Zhonghao Chenguang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Zhonghao Chenguang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及空气过滤领域，具体涉及一种聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料。所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银碳纳米材料改性熔喷无纺布。所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料通过对镀银碳纳米材料改性的树脂材料采用熔喷法在聚四氟乙烯薄膜表面熔喷成纤制备得到。本发明的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料将过滤与杀菌功能结合在一起，具有较高过滤效率和过滤精度，并具有杀菌、杀病毒的作用，具有很好的隔离效果，极大的延长了过滤材料的使用寿命。

Description

一种聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料
技术领域
本发明涉及空气过滤领域，具体涉及一种聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料。
背景技术
病毒和细菌通过空气传播引发各种传染性疾病一直威胁着人类的安全。佩戴口罩是常用的防止病毒感染和扩散的有效途径。普通的防护口罩通过过滤介质将细菌、病毒阻挡后，细菌、病毒仍然会存在于过滤介质中，在一定条件下，还具有传染病侵害人类的机会。因此，具有较高过滤效率和过滤精度，并具有杀菌、杀病毒的空气净化过滤材料更符合人类健康的需求。
聚四氟乙烯薄膜是一种柔韧而富有弹性的微孔材料，孔隙率高，孔径分布均匀，具有透气不透水的特性，可用作空气除尘、除菌过滤等，具有许多传统的过滤膜不具有的突出的优点。目前以聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜为滤层的过滤材料呼吸阻力小，过滤效率高，主要通过物理阻隔的方式起作用，不具有杀菌作用。细菌、病毒通过过滤介质阻挡后，仍然会存在于过滤介质中，仍然有侵害人类的风险。
碳纳米材料是指分散相尺度至少有一维小于100nm的碳材料，具有优异的光学、电学、力学特性，在材料学、能源、生物医学和药物传递等方面具有重要的应用前景。目前报道的有使用氧化石墨烯或碳纳米管等碳纳米材料作为具有抗菌活性的过滤材料，但不管是氧化石墨烯还是碳纳米管其抗菌活性均不够高。纳米银具有很好的抗菌和灭活特性，将银离子镀到石墨烯或碳纳米管表面是一种提高碳纳米材料抗菌活性的有效方法，但是通过化学镀膜得到的镀银碳纳米材料，银离子容易聚集，导致其抗菌活性提高有限。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种既能有效过滤PM2.5、含有细菌和病毒的气溶胶等极细颗粒，同时对细菌病毒具有高抵抗性能、透气性和吸附性良好的空气净化用聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料。
具体而言，为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银碳纳米材料改性熔喷无纺布。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述支撑层的厚度为80～130μm。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述镀银碳纳米材料改性熔喷无纺布为镀银碳纳米材料改性PP熔喷无纺布、镀银碳纳米材料改性PET熔喷无纺布和镀银碳纳米材料改性PA熔喷无纺布中的一种或几种。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述镀银碳纳米材料为镀银氧化石墨烯、镀银单壁碳纳米管或镀银富勒烯。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述镀银碳纳米材料通过采用脉冲激光沉积法在碳纳米材料基底上镀银制备得到。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述脉冲激光沉积法的脉冲频率为10-15Hz，沉积过程中基底的温度为380～500℃，沉积时间为10～15min。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述聚四氟乙烯薄膜的厚度为5～50μm，平均孔径为0.1～1μm，孔隙率为80％～90％。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料通过对镀银碳纳米材料改性的树脂材料采用熔喷法在聚四氟乙烯薄膜表面熔喷成纤制备得到，进一步优选的，所述树脂材料为PP树脂、PET树脂或PA树脂。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述镀银碳纳米材料改性的树脂材料通过将镀银碳纳米材料与树脂材料以质量比为3～8：100混合均匀制备得到。
优选的，上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中，所述聚四氟乙烯薄膜为经过预处理的聚四氟乙烯薄膜，所述预处理为辐射处理、等离子体处理或高温处理。
本发明还提供上述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料在空气净化设备或口罩中的应用。
本发明将具有高透气、高过滤效率特点的聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜与具有高抗菌活性的镀银碳纳米材料改性熔喷无纺布通过在线复合得到聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，将过滤与杀菌功能结合在一起，不仅使复合材料具有较高过滤效率、防水透气性好，并兼具杀菌、杀病毒的作用，起到很好的隔离效果，极大的延长了过滤材料的使用寿命，并且，聚四氟乙烯薄膜经过预处理后，能够有效提高其粘性。
本发明的有益效果主要如下：
(1)本发明的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料利用聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的小孔径、高孔隙率，在保持呼吸顺畅感的同时能够有效隔离PM2.5颗粒和细菌病毒；
(2)本发明的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料中使用的镀银碳纳米材料改性熔喷无纺布不仅具有一定的杀菌能力，而且具有大的比表面积和强大的吸附能力，增大了纳米银与菌液接触的几率，所以产生很强的抗菌效果，采用脉冲激光沉积工艺镀银，能够阻止银粒子间的团聚，提高其抗菌活性；
(3)本发明的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料采用在线复合制备而成，缩短了工艺流程，确保过滤材料透气性能的同时还可提高单位时间的产量，节约能源，降低成本。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例中未注明具体试验步骤或者条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件进行。所用试剂和仪器没有注明生产厂商者，均可以通过市场购买获得。
实施例中所用聚四氟乙烯薄膜为中昊晨光化工研究院CGPMH系列PTFE微孔膜，厚度为30μm，平均孔径0.25μm，孔隙率85％；氧化石墨烯、单壁碳纳米管、富勒烯均购于南京先锋纳米材料科技有限公司；PP树脂、PET树脂、PA树脂均购于美国杜邦公司。
实施例1
实施例1提供了一种空气净化用聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银单壁碳纳米管改性PP熔喷无纺布，其厚度为100μm。
所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料的制备方法如下：
(1)单壁碳纳米管预处理：称取5g单壁碳纳米管，加入盛有200mL浓硝酸与浓硫酸混合溶液(质量比70:30)的三口烧瓶中，120℃下油浴加热回流5h，冷却后抽滤、去离子水洗涤、干燥；
(2)镀银：在室温条件下，以高纯金属银为靶材，预处理后的单壁碳纳米管为基底，N2气氛，脉冲激光的脉冲频率选择在10Hz，沉积过程中基底的温度维持在400℃，沉积时间10min；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的镀银单壁碳纳米管与PP树脂以质量比为3：100混合均匀，得到3％镀银单壁碳纳米管改性的PP树脂；
(4)聚四氟乙烯薄膜预处理：将聚四氟乙烯薄膜放入等离子体发生器中,先将***抽到1.33Pa，然后通入微量氩气并调节真空度为133.32Pa，通电作用15min；
(5)复合：在非织造熔喷机的接收辊筒上铺设一层经低温等离子体处理后的聚四氟乙烯薄膜，3％镀银单壁碳纳米管改性的PP树脂在熔融状态下由熔喷机的喷丝孔挤出，在气流的高速牵引下，均匀的喷射在聚四氟乙烯薄膜的单面上，得到所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其中，热空气温度为200℃，接收间距为12cm，横动速度为0.5m/min，挤出量40g/min。
实施例2
实施例2提供了一种空气净化用聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银氧化石墨烯改性PP熔喷无纺布，其厚度为100μm。
所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料的制备方法如下：
(1)氧化石墨烯预处理：称取2g氧化石墨烯加入盛有200mL浓硝酸与浓硫酸混合溶液(质量比70:30)的三口烧瓶中，120℃下油浴加热回流5h，冷却后抽滤、去离子水洗涤、干燥；
(2)镀银：在室温条件下，以高纯金属银为靶材，预处理后的氧化石墨烯为基底，N2气氛，脉冲激光的脉冲频率选择在10HZ，沉积过程中基底的温度维持在400℃，沉积时间10min；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的镀银氧化石墨烯与PP树脂以质量比为3：100混合均匀，得到3％镀银氧化石墨烯改性的PP树脂；
(4)聚四氟乙烯薄膜预处理：将聚四氟乙烯薄膜放入等离子体发生器中，先将***抽到1.33Pa，然后通入微量氩气并调节真空度为133.32Pa，通电作用15min；
(5)复合：在非织造熔喷机的接收辊筒上铺设一层经等离子体处理后的聚四氟乙烯薄膜，3％镀银氧化石墨烯改性的PP树脂在熔融状态下由熔喷机的喷丝孔挤出，在气流的高速牵引下，均匀的喷射在聚四氟乙烯薄膜的单面上，得到所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其中，热空气温度为200℃，接收间距为12cm，横动速度为0.5m/min，挤出量40g/min。
实施例3
实施例3提供了一种空气净化用聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银富勒烯改性PP熔喷无纺布，其厚度为100μm。
所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料的制备方法如下：
(1)富勒烯预处理：称取5g富勒烯，加入盛有200mL浓硝酸与浓硫酸混合溶液(质量比70:30)的三口烧瓶中，120℃下油浴加热回流5h，冷却后抽滤、去离子水洗涤、干燥；
(2)镀银：在室温条件下，以高纯金属银为靶材，预处理后的富勒烯为基底，N2气氛，脉冲激光的脉冲频率选择在10HZ，沉积过程中基底的温度维持在400℃，沉积时间10min；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的镀银富勒烯与PP树脂以质量比为3：100混合均匀，得到3％镀银富勒烯改性的PP树脂；
(4)聚四氟乙烯薄膜预处理：将聚四氟乙烯薄膜置于丙烯单体中，然后通过γ射线照射15min；
(5)复合：在非织造熔喷机的接收辊筒上铺设一层经辐射处理后的聚四氟乙烯薄膜，3％镀银富勒烯改性的PP树脂在熔融状态下由熔喷机的喷丝孔挤出，在气流的高速牵引下，均匀的喷射在聚四氟乙烯薄膜的单面上，得到所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其中，热空气温度为200℃，接收间距为12cm，横动速度为0.5m/min，挤出量40g/min。
实施例4
实施例4提供了一种空气净化用聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银氧化石墨烯改性PP熔喷无纺布，其厚度为85μm。
所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料的制备方法如下：
步骤(1)～(2)与实施例2相同
(3)将步骤(2)得到的镀银氧化石墨烯与PP树脂以质量比为5：100混合均匀，得到5％镀银氧化石墨烯改性的PP树脂；
(4)聚四氟乙烯薄膜预处理：将聚四氟乙烯薄膜放入等离子体发生器中,先将***抽到1.33Pa，然后通入微量氩气并调节真空度为133.32Pa，通电作用15min；
(5)复合：在非织造熔喷机的接收辊筒上铺设一层经等离子体处理后的聚四氟乙烯薄膜，5％镀银氧化石墨烯改性的PET树脂在熔融状态下由熔喷机的喷丝孔挤出，在气流的高速牵引下，均匀的喷射在聚四氟乙烯薄膜的单面上，得到所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其中，热空气温度为200℃，接收间距为12cm，横动速度为0.5m/min，挤出量30g/min。
实施例5
实施例1提供了一种空气净化用聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银单壁碳纳米管改性PA熔喷无纺布，其厚度为120μm。
所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料的制备方法如下：
步骤(1)～(2)与实施例2相同
(3)将步骤(2)得到的镀银氧化石墨烯与PA树脂以质量比为8：100混合均匀，得到8％镀银氧化石墨烯改性的PA树脂；
(4)聚四氟乙烯薄膜预处理：将聚四氟乙烯薄膜置于丙烯单体中，然后通过γ射线照射15min；
(5)复合：在非织造熔喷机的接收辊筒上铺设一层经辐射处理后的聚四氟乙烯薄膜，8％镀银单壁碳纳米管改性的PA树脂在熔融状态下由熔喷机的喷丝孔挤出，在气流的高速牵引下，均匀的喷射在聚四氟乙烯薄膜的单面上，得到所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其中，热空气温度为200℃，接收间距为12cm，横动速度为0.5m/min，挤出量52g/min。
对比例1
对比例1提供了一种空气净化用聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，包括支撑层、镀银石墨烯层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为PP熔喷无纺布，其厚度为100μm，所述镀银石墨烯层厚度为5μm。
所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料的制备方法如下：
(1)PP熔喷无纺布制备：将PP树脂在熔融状态下由熔喷机的喷丝孔挤出，在气流的高速牵引下，均匀的喷射在接收辊筒上得到PP熔喷无纺布，其中，热空气温度为200℃，接收间距为12cm，横动速度为0.5m/min，挤出量40g/min；
(2)镀银氧化石墨烯薄膜制备：氧化石墨烯镀银方法与实施例2的步骤(1)～(2)相同，然后将得到的镀银氧化石墨烯溶于无水乙醇溶液中，抽滤得到镀银氧化石墨烯薄膜；
(3)聚四氟乙烯薄膜预处理：将聚四氟乙烯薄膜放入等离子体发生器中,先将***抽到1.33Pa，然后通入微量氩气并调节真空度为133.32Pa，通电作用15min；
(4)将PP熔喷无纺布、石墨烯薄膜以及聚四氟乙烯薄膜通过层压复合得到聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料。
对比例2
对比例2提供了一种空气净化用聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银氧化石墨烯改性PP熔喷无纺布，其厚度为100μm。
所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料的制备方法如下：
步骤(1)～(4)与实施例2相同
(5)复合：将3％镀银氧化石墨烯改性的PP树脂在熔融状态下由熔喷机的喷丝孔挤出，在气流的高速牵引下，均匀的喷射在接收辊筒上得到PP熔喷无纺布，其中，热空气温度为200℃，接收间距为12cm，横动速度为0.5m/min，挤出量40g/min。将PUR粘合剂均匀涂布于所得镀银氧化石墨烯改性PP熔喷无纺布的单面上，涂布量为1.6g/m2，将所述镀银氧化石墨烯改性PP熔喷无纺布的粘合剂涂布面与低温等离子体处理后的聚四氟乙烯薄膜重叠并进行加压加热处理而使其贴合，其中，所述加压加热处理的压力为2.1MPa，温度为55℃，最后在58℃的温度下固化处理10h，即得本对比例的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料。
试验例
测定上述实施例和对比例制备得到的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料的透气性、过滤效率和抗菌率，结果如表1所示。其中，透气性测试根据GBT 1038-2000《塑料薄膜和薄片气体透过性试验方法》进行，过滤效率参照GB 2626-2019《呼吸防护自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器》进行，抗菌率参照GBT 20944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价》。
表1
Figure BDA0002433652420000091
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验，对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，包括支撑层和聚四氟乙烯薄膜层，所述支撑层为镀银碳纳米材料改性熔喷无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述支撑层的厚度为80～130μm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述镀银碳纳米材料改性熔喷无纺布为镀银碳纳米材料改性PP熔喷无纺布、镀银碳纳米材料改性PET熔喷无纺布和镀银碳纳米材料改性PA熔喷无纺布中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述镀银碳纳米材料为镀银氧化石墨烯、镀银单壁碳纳米管或镀银富勒烯。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述镀银碳纳米材料通过采用脉冲激光沉积法在碳纳米材料基底上镀银制备得到。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述脉冲激光沉积法的脉冲频率为10-15Hz，沉积过程中基底的温度为380～500℃，沉积时间为10～15min。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述聚四氟乙烯薄膜的厚度为5～50μm，平均孔径为0.1～1μm，孔隙率为80％～90％。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料通过对镀银碳纳米材料改性的树脂材料采用熔喷法在聚四氟乙烯薄膜表面熔喷成纤制备得到，优选的，所述树脂材料为PP树脂、PET树脂或PA树脂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述镀银碳纳米材料改性的树脂材料通过将镀银碳纳米材料与树脂材料以质量比为3～8：100混合均匀制备得到。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的聚四氟乙烯复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述聚四氟乙烯薄膜为经过预处理的聚四氟乙烯薄膜，所述预处理为辐射处理、等离子体处理或高温处理。
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