CN113439608A - Method and device for industrially cultivating morchella esculenta - Google Patents
Method and device for industrially cultivating morchella esculenta Download PDFInfo
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- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 title description 19
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title description 19
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- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000235349 Ascomycota Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000270711 Malaclemys terrapin Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000221700 Pezizales Species 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- GQPNDXGNRJPYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-isocyanato-3-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)c1cccc(F)c1N=C=O GQPNDXGNRJPYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2,2-diethylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- LVFRCHIUUKWBLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=NC(N)=N1 LVFRCHIUUKWBLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000723418 Carya Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000190633 Cordyceps Species 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000221639 Morchella conica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000488669 Morchella importuna Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221637 Morchellaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001248610 Ophiocordyceps sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/30—Derivatives containing the group >N—CO—N aryl or >N—CS—N—aryl
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an industrial cultivation method of morchella ladder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: soil pretreatment and cultivation device installation, seeding, spawn running culture, hypha and conidium culture, bud suppression, induced bud promotion, young mushroom culture and harvest; the bud suppression method comprises the following steps: spraying a bud inhibitor on the hyphae and the conidia; the bud inhibitor is
The induction bud induction: spraying an inducer on hyphae and conidia, wherein the inducer is
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to an edible mushroom industrial cultivation method, which comprises a cultivation mode and industrial management.
Background
Morchella ladder (Morchella importuna M. Kuo et al) under the trade name Morchella or Morchella conica. Belonging to Ascomycota (Ascomycota), discoidea (Discomycetes), Pezizales (Pezizales), Morchella (Morchellaceae), Morchella (Morchella). The wild species are one of the most main culturable species in morchella fungi in China at present, and are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, America and the like.
Currently, the main cultivation method of morchella terrapin in China is 'farming cultivation', namely sowing seeds in autumn and winter every year and harvesting the seeds in spring the next year. The inventor participates in and testifies the industrial development of morchella esculenta in China (a morchella esculenta cultivation method (ZL201310115468.0), 'a morchella esculenta cultivation management method (ZL201710910328.0) and' a morchella esculenta autumn and winter harvest cultivation method (ZL201710908747.0)), and finds that: in the 'agricultural cultivation' process of morchella ladder, the influence of the environment and the cultivation medium on the yield is obvious, and the continuous cropping obstacle (continuous cropping obstacle) is obvious when the same species is continuously planted, so that the yield is reduced and even the yield is no longer acceptable.
In the last 80 th century, the American Tower and the like firstly get a breakthrough in the exploration process of the artificial cultivation technology of morel and realize industrial cultivation (US 4757640). The 2005 DNP company built a large edible mushroom production plant in michigan, producing about 3000 pounds of morchella weekly. In 2017, the invention patents of the Guangdong Dongyuangguang pharmaceutical industry Co Ltd and the Yichang Shancheng Shuihu Cordyceps Co Ltd in China, namely the method for industrially cultivating morchella terraced (CN 106818215A), adopt liquid strains for sowing, and the annual yield of morchella per square meter is completely up to 1.5-1.8kg indoors. Is the first report of industrial cultivation of morchella ladder in China at present. However, the industrial morchella products are not put on the market to date, and one key reason is that the cost is high and the unit benefit does not meet the commercial production requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention is proposed according to the germplasm resource survey, species diversity, systematics and cultivation research results of morchella in China (zhao qi et al, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2017a, b, c, d, e, 2018, Du et al, 2012a, b, 2014, 2016, 2019) for many years according to the applicant.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an industrial cultivation method of morchella ladder comprises the following steps: soil pretreatment and cultivation device installation, seeding, spawn running culture, hypha and conidium culture, bud suppression, induced bud promotion, young mushroom culture and harvest; the bud suppression method comprises the following steps: spraying a bud inhibitor on the hyphae and the conidia; the bud inhibitor is
The induction bud induction: spraying an inducer on hyphae and conidia, wherein the inducer is
The dosage of the bud inhibiting agent is as follows: 1 to 500 ppm; the dosage of the inducer is as follows: 1 to 500 ppm.
Also comprises a step of adding a nutrient substrate: 2-10 kg of culture medium sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
The spawn running culture steps are as follows: controlling the soil humidity to be 45-85%, the soil temperature to be 15-20 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 15-25 ℃, the air humidity to be 70-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400-3000 ppm, and culturing the hyphae for 3-10 days.
The hypha and conidium culture steps are as follows: controlling the soil humidity to be 53-65%, the soil temperature to be 10-18 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 10-16 ℃, the air humidity to be 60-80%, the carbon dioxide concentration to be 1000-2800 ppm, and culturing hyphae for 25-40 days.
The method comprises the following steps of: after the primordium appears in a large amount, controlling the soil humidity to be 50-65%, the soil temperature to be 8-22 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 8-22 ℃, the air humidity to be 75-90% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400-1000 ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
The preparation method of the bud inhibitor comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the inducer comprises the following steps:
the cultivation device comprises upright posts, wherein fixing rods are fixedly connected between the upright posts in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, a cultivation pool is fixedly connected to the upper surface of each fixing rod, a through hole is formed in the inner bottom of the cultivation pool, a water pipe is fixedly connected to the inner side surface of each upright post and positioned above the cultivation pool, a spray head is fixedly connected to the surface of the water pipe, and a water tank is arranged below the cultivation pool;
the outer surface of the upright post is fixedly connected with a pipeline, a temperature control device is arranged below the cultivation pool and on the right side of the water tank, and the output end of the temperature control device is fixedly connected with one end of the pipeline;
the top fixedly connected with fixed plate of stand, swing joint has the lead screw between the fixed plate, the surperficial swing joint of lead screw has the nut, the fixed surface of nut is connected with the connecting rod, the top fixedly connected with skeleton of connecting rod, the external fixed surface of skeleton is connected with the heat preservation membrane.
Preferably, cultivate the interior bottom fixedly connected with ventilated membrane in pond, cultivate the interior bottom fixedly connected with soil moisture sensor in pond, soil moisture sensor runs through the ventilated membrane.
Preferably, the top fixedly connected with drainage plate of water tank, the drainage plate sets up for the slope, the output of water pump and the one end fixed connection of water pipe.
Preferably, the inside wall fixedly connected with installation pole of temperature control device, the one end fixedly connected with fan of installation pole, temperature control device's inside wall just is located the front side fixedly connected with condenser of fan.
Preferably, the inner side wall of the temperature control device is fixedly connected with a heater below the condenser, and the input end of the temperature control device is provided with a ventilation opening.
Preferably, the surface of stand just is located the below fixedly connected with slide rail of pipeline, the inside swing joint of slide rail has the slider, the side surface fixedly connected with connecting piece of slider, the connecting piece extends to the outside of slide rail and the internal surface fixed connection of skeleton.
Preferably, the lower surface of the sliding block is provided with a groove, a ball is movably connected inside the groove, and the surface of the ball is in contact with the inner bottom of the sliding rail.
Preferably, the fixed surface of the fixed plate is fixedly connected with a supporting plate, the upper surface of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with a motor, and the output end of the motor penetrates through the fixed plate and is fixedly connected with one end of the screw rod.
Preferably, the outer surface of stand just is close to top edge fixedly connected with temperature sensor, temperature sensor's quantity is a plurality of.
Preferably, the bottom of the upright post is fixedly connected with a plurality of fixing blocks.
The working principle is as follows: when the cultivation pool is used, the through hole 7 is formed in the bottom of the cultivation pool 3 and the breathable film 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the cultivation pool, so that when the soil is breathable, redundant water in the soil can seep down to the cultivation pool of the next layer, and finally redundant water flows into the water tank 18 to be collected through seepage layer by layer, waste of water resources is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the water resources is improved, when insufficient soil humidity is detected through the soil humidity sensor 33, the water pump 17 is controlled through the master control platform to supply water and irrigate, the temperature is adjusted to a proper interval through the condenser 23 and the heater 24, warm air flow is generated by the fan 21 to be sent to all corners through pipelines, the temperature inside the heat preservation film 14 is kept consistent basically, meanwhile, real-time monitoring is carried out on the temperature through the temperature sensor 9, and a good growth environment of morchella is guaranteed, the improved structure of the thermal insulation film is beneficial to improving the quality of morchella, the motor 31 is used for driving the screw rod 11 to drive the nut 12 to move, so that the thermal insulation film 14 can be automatically folded and unfolded, meanwhile, the sliding rail 26 is matched with the sliding block, the abrasion between the screw rod 11 and the nut 12 can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the improved structure of the thermal insulation film 14 is beneficial to improving the rolling efficiency, and the labor intensity is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides the industrial cultivation method of morchella ladder, which is easy to mechanically operate, low in unit cost and good in benefit.
After hyphae and conidia are cultured, primordium inhibition treatment is carried out through a novel bud inhibitor, so that the differentiation quantity of the primordium on the soil surface is reduced; then, primordium induction is carried out to promote the primordium to kink in the soil, and the primordium is further accelerated to be regularly differentiated by adopting a primordium accelerant; and finally, managing and protecting the young mushrooms until harvesting. Thoroughly solves the technical problems of long period, limited seasons, unstable environment, large difference of culture mediums (soil), unstable yield and the like in the existing 'agricultural cultivation' technology of morchella esculenta; the bud inhibitor is added to inhibit the soil surface primordium and the primordium accelerator to accelerate the primordium differentiation, the industrial cultivation process flow of the morchella ladder is optimized and perfected, the mechanization is realized, the cost is reduced, the annual output of the morchella ladder is improved to 6-10 kg at present from 1.5-1.8kg per square meter published by Guangdong Dongguang photo pharmaceutical industry Co Ltd and Yichang Shandong city Shuihu Cordyceps sinensis Co Ltd (CN 106818215A), and the economic benefit is remarkable.
The invention also provides an industrial cultivation device for the morchella ladder. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device simple structure is reasonable, can solve the not enough of prior art well, improves the utilization efficiency of water resource effectively, is favorable to reducing the waste of water resource.
2. Through using temperature control device, can adjust the inside temperature of heat preservation membrane effectively for temperature regulation's scope is little, and temperature variation is fast, is favorable to reducing the breed cost.
3. The motor is used for driving the lead screw to drive the nut, so that the heat-insulating film is folded and unfolded, the labor intensity of workers can be effectively reduced, and the labor cost can be reduced.
4. Through using the slide rail, can reduce the wearing and tearing between lead screw and the nut effectively, be favorable to prolonging the life of lead screw.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a screw rod structure of an industrial morchella cultivation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the internal structure of an industrial cultivation device for Morchella esculenta according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the external structure of the industrial cultivation device for Morchella esculenta according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature control device of an industrial Morchella culture device according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a in fig. 2 according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, upright post; 2. fixing the rod; 3. a cultivation pond; 4. a water pipe; 5. a spray head; 6. a gas permeable membrane; 7. a through hole; 8. a pipeline; 9. a temperature sensor; 10. a fixing plate; 11. a screw rod; 12. a nut; 13. a connecting rod; 14. a heat preservation film; 15. a framework; 16. a fixed block; 17. a water pump; 18. a water tank; 19. a drainage plate; 20. a temperature control device; 21. a fan; 22. mounting a rod; 23. a condenser; 24. a heater; 25. a ventilation opening; 26. a slide rail; 27. a slider; 28. a ball bearing; 29. a groove; 30. a connecting member; 31. a motor; 32. a support plate; 33. a soil moisture sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the following examples are set forth, and should be construed to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting thereof in any way. It should be noted that any modification or improvement made on the basis of the invention by those skilled in the art is within the protection scope of the present invention.
Preparation of diethyl-2- (furan 2-yl) ((4- (N) pyridin-2-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl) amino) methyl) malonate:
adding 4-amino-N- (pyridine-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide (0.1mol) and 2-furfural (0.12mol) into a 100mL single-neck bottle, adding 30 mL of absolute ethanol as a solvent, heating and refluxing for 24 hours, tracking the reaction by TLC, adding diethyl malonate (0.12mol) after the reaction is completed, heating and refluxing, monitoring the reaction process by TLC, ending the reaction after 24 hours, recovering the solvent under reduced pressure, and performing column chromatography (normal hexane: dichloromethane: 4:1V/V) to obtain a white powder product, wherein the melting point 243 is 245, and the yield is 27%.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.32(d,J＝5.3Hz,1H),7.64(t,J＝9.1Hz,3H),7.41(d,J＝8.7Hz,1H),7.31(s,1H),6.85(t,J＝6.3Hz,1H),6.63(d,J＝8.6Hz,2H),6.26(s,1H),6.16(d,J＝2.9Hz,1H),5.61(d,J＝7.8Hz,1H),5.33(s,1H),4.23–4.07(m,4H),4.04(d,J＝5.5Hz,1H),1.15(dt,J＝23.8,7.1Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ163.12,161.90,149.09,147.10,145.19,138.75,137.59,135.95,124.50,124.09,110.94,109.20,105.76,102.82,57.36,57.10,50.26,46.27,9.16.MS(ESI):m/z 488([M+H]+)；IR(KBr)(cm-1)3394,3202,1609,1362,1250,1181,933,728.
in a 100mL three-necked flask, 2-nitro-6-fluorophenylisocyanate (0.5mol) and 4, 6-dimethoxy-2-amino-pyrimidine (0.5mol), tetrabutyl was addedAmmonium bromide (0.01mol) is used as a catalyst, 20mL of toluene is finally added as a solvent, the temperature is raised to 100 ℃ for refluxing for 6 hours, TLC is used for tracking the reaction, after the reaction is completed, the solution is cooled to room temperature, the solution is subjected to vacuum filtration, 10% sodium carbonate solution, water and acetone are sequentially used for leaching to obtain a crude product, and then white solid is obtained after recrystallization by ethanol, the melting point is 236 and 237 ℃, and the yield is 38%.1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.24-7.33(d,3H,Ar-H),5.81(s,1H,pyrimidine-H),3.95(s,6H,O-CH3).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ170.45,164.24,163.07,154.37,132.17,127.38,125.65,125.74,113.88,79.15,54.19,45.74.MS(ESI):m/z 351([M+H]+)；IR(KBr)(cm-1)3243,3021,1665,1621,1600,1564,1462,1247,781.
Example 1:
1. cultivation and preparation: taking morchella esculenta No. 1 stock seeds commonly used in the current market, and preparing into cultivars by adopting a conventional morchella esculenta cultivar preparation method.
2. Soil detection and pretreatment: determining the components of Guizhou Guiding soil according to GB/T32737-2016 soil detection standards; the organic matter content of the soil is 2.15g/kg, the nitrogen content is 29mg/kg, the water content is 49 percent, the pH value is 6.5, and compound fertilizer (15: 15), humic acid, geotrichia hydrate, lime and the like are further added to adjust the organic matter content of the soil to be 2.5g/kg, the nitrogen content to be 100mg/kg, the water content to be 55 percent and the pH value to be 7 for later use.
3. Putting the soil on shelves and sowing: uniformly paving the treated soil on a culture shelf, wherein the soil paving thickness is 20 cm; uniformly broadcasting morchella strains, wherein 1kg of morchella strains are used per square meter; and finally, repeatedly covering the soil for 2cm by using the agaricus bisporus feeding machine. And maintaining the soil humidity at 68%.
4. Spawn running culture: after conventional sowing, the soil humidity is controlled to be 65%, the soil temperature is controlled to be 18%, the mushroom house temperature is controlled to be 20%, the air humidity is controlled to be 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be 1000ppm, and hyphae are cultured for 7 days.
5. Adding a nutrient medium: after the spawn running culture is finished, 2kg (about 15 x 28cm polypropylene or polyethylene strain bags 4 bags) of culture medium (formula: 80% of wheat grains, 18% of corncobs, 1% of gypsum, 1% of light calcium carbonate and natural pH value) sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
6. Culturing hyphae and conidia: after the nutrient medium is added, the soil humidity is controlled to be 65%, the soil temperature is controlled to be 18%, the mushroom house temperature is controlled to be 20%, the air humidity is controlled to be 60%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 2800ppm, and the hyphae are cultured for 30 days.
7. Bud suppression, namely spraying 200ppm of bud suppression agent on the hyphae and conidia after the hyphae are cultured for 30 days, wherein the dosage is 90 ml/square meter; the bud inhibitor is
The culture was carried out for 5 days.
8. Bud forcing: after 2 days of bud inhibition, 50ppm of inducer is sprayed on hyphae and conidia, the dosage is 150 ml/square meter, and the inducer is
Culturing for 5 days until the primordia appear in large amount.
9. And (3) young mushroom culture: after the primordium appears in large quantity, controlling the soil humidity to be 65%, the soil temperature to be 8%, the mushroom house temperature to be 16 ℃, the air humidity to be 90% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 800ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
10. Harvesting: the lid of the morchella esculenta is 12cm, and the stipe is white; timely harvesting according to a conventional morchella picking method to achieve the yield of 1.5kg of fresh mushrooms per square meter.
11. Putting the soil under a shelf: the harvested soil is removed from the mushroom bed.
12. And (3) mushroom house treatment: and (3) adopting a conventional edible mushroom factory mushroom house disinfection method to carry out integral disinfection and sterilization on the picked mushroom house.
Example 2:
1. cultivation and preparation: taking morchella esculenta No. 2 stock seeds commonly used in the current market, and preparing into cultivars by adopting a conventional morchella esculenta cultivar preparation method.
2. Soil detection and pretreatment: measuring soil components of a small town in Songming county of Yunnan Kunming city according to GB/T32737-2016 soil detection standards; the organic matter content of the soil is 2.5g/kg, the nitrogen content is 20mg/kg, the water content is 60 percent, the pH value is 5.5, and compound fertilizer (15: 15), humic acid, geotrichia slake, lime and the like are further added to adjust the organic matter content of the soil to be 3.5g/kg, the nitrogen content to be 80mg/kg, the water content to be 55 percent and the pH value to be 7 for later use.
3. Putting the soil on shelves and sowing: uniformly paving the treated soil on a culture shelf, wherein the soil paving thickness is 20 cm; then, uniformly broadcasting the morchella strains, wherein 2kg of strains are used per square meter; and finally, repeatedly covering the soil for 2cm by using the agaricus bisporus feeding machine. The soil humidity is kept at 65%.
4. Spawn running culture: after conventional sowing, the soil humidity is controlled to be 65%, the soil temperature is 18%, the mushroom house temperature is 18%, the air humidity is 80%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 2000ppm, and hypha culture is carried out for 5 days.
5. Adding a nutrient medium: after the spawn running culture is finished, 4kg (about 6 bags of 15 x 28cm polypropylene or polyethylene bags) of culture medium (formula: 80% of wheat grains, 18% of corncobs, 1% of gypsum, 1% of light calcium carbonate and natural pH value) sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
6. Culturing hyphae and conidia: after the nutrient medium is added, the soil humidity is controlled to be 60%, the soil temperature is controlled to be 18%, the mushroom house temperature is controlled to be 18%, the air humidity is controlled to be 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be 3000ppm, and hyphae are cultured for 45 days.
7. Bud suppression, namely spraying 50ppm of bud suppression agent on the hyphae and conidia after the hyphae are cultured for 45 days, wherein the dosage is 150 ml per square meter; the bud inhibitor is
The culture was carried out for 2 days.
8. Bud forcing: after the bud inhibition, 400ppm of inducer is sprayed on hyphae and conidia, the dosage is 50 ml/square meter, and the inducer is
Culturing for 7 days until the primordia appear in large amount.
9. And (3) young mushroom culture: after the primordium appears in large quantity, controlling the soil humidity to be 65%, the soil temperature to be 8%, the mushroom house temperature to be 16 ℃, the air humidity to be 90% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
10. Harvesting: the lid of the morchella esculenta is 10cm, and the stipe is white; timely harvesting according to a conventional morchella picking method to achieve the yield of 1.5kg of fresh mushrooms per square meter.
11. Putting the soil under a shelf: and removing the harvested soil from the mushroom bed.
12. And (3) mushroom house treatment: and (3) adopting a conventional edible mushroom factory mushroom house disinfection method to carry out integral disinfection and sterilization on the picked mushroom house.
Example 3:
1. cultivation and preparation: taking morchella esculenta No. 1 stock seeds commonly used in the current market, and preparing into cultivars by adopting a conventional morchella esculenta cultivar preparation method.
2. Soil detection and pretreatment: determining the components of the Yunnan Chuxiong south China soil according to GB/T32737-2016 soil detection standards; the organic matter content of the soil is 3.4g/kg, the nitrogen content is 20mg/kg, the water content is 58% and the pH value is 6.1, and compound fertilizer (15: 15), humic acid, geotrichia hydrate, lime and the like are further added to adjust the organic matter content of the soil to 5.5g/kg, the nitrogen content is 150mg/kg, the water content is 65% and the pH value is 7 for later use.
3. Putting the soil on shelves and sowing: uniformly paving the treated soil on a culture shelf, wherein the soil paving thickness is 18 cm; then uniformly broadcasting morchella strains, wherein 1.5kg of strains are used per square meter; and finally, repeatedly covering the soil for 2cm by using the agaricus bisporus feeding machine. The soil humidity is kept at 65%.
4. Spawn running culture: after conventional sowing, controlling soil humidity to be 65%, soil temperature to be 15%, mushroom house temperature to be 18%, air humidity to be 75%, carbon dioxide concentration to be 1500ppm, and culturing hypha for 7 days.
5. Adding a nutrient medium: after the spawn running culture is finished, 3kg (about 15 x 28cm polypropylene or polyethylene strain bags 8 bags) of culture medium (formula: 80% of wheat grains, 18% of corncobs, 1% of gypsum, 1% of light calcium carbonate and natural pH value) sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
6. Culturing hyphae and conidia: after the nutrient medium is added, the soil humidity is controlled to be 60%, the soil temperature is controlled to be 15%, the mushroom house temperature is controlled to be 28%, the air humidity is controlled to be 70%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 1800ppm, and hyphae are cultured for 35 days.
7. Bud inhibiting, culturing mycelium for 35 days, and adopting 400ppm bud inhibiting agentSpraying on hypha and conidium with a dosage of 50 ml/square meter; the bud inhibitor is
The culture was carried out for 5 days.
8. Bud forcing: after 5 days of bud inhibition, 200ppm of inducer is sprayed on hyphae and conidia, the dosage is 90 ml/square meter, and the inducer is
Culturing for 5 days until the primordia appear in large amount.
9. And (3) young mushroom culture: after the primordium appears in large quantity, controlling the soil humidity to be 63%, the soil temperature to be 8%, the mushroom house temperature to be 15%, the air humidity to be 85% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 600ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
10. Harvesting: the lid of the morchella esculenta is 12cm, and the stipe is white; timely harvesting according to a conventional morchella picking method to achieve the yield of 2.5kg of fresh mushrooms per square meter.
11. Putting the soil under a shelf: and removing the harvested soil from the mushroom bed.
12. And (3) mushroom house treatment: and (3) adopting a conventional edible mushroom factory mushroom house disinfection method to carry out integral disinfection and sterilization on the picked mushroom house.
TABLE 1 comparison of the planting results of the method of the invention with those of the prior art
As shown in fig. 1-5, an industrial cultivation device for morchella terrapin according to an embodiment of the present invention includes vertical columns 1, fixing rods 2 fixedly connected to both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction between the vertical columns 1, a cultivation pond 3 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixing rods 2, a through hole 7 formed in the inner bottom of the cultivation pond 3, a water pipe 4 fixedly connected to the inner side surface of the vertical columns 1 and above the cultivation pond 3, a nozzle 5 fixedly connected to the surface of the water pipe 4, a water tank 18 disposed below the cultivation pond 3, a permeable membrane 6 fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the cultivation pond 3, a soil humidity sensor 33 fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the cultivation pond 3, the soil humidity sensor 33 penetrating the permeable membrane 6, a drainage plate 19 fixedly connected to the top of the water tank 18, the drainage plate 19 being disposed in an inclined manner, an output end of a water pump 17 fixedly connected to one end of the water pipe 4, a through hole 7 formed in the inner bottom of the cultivation pond 3 and a permeable membrane 6 disposed on the upper surface, the soil can be ensured to be ventilated, and simultaneously, redundant water in the soil can be enabled to seep down to the next layer of cultivation pool, so that the redundant water can flow into the water tank 18 for collection through the seepage layer by layer, the waste of water resources is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the water resources is improved;
the outer surface of the upright post 1 is fixedly connected with a pipeline 8, a temperature control device 20 is arranged below the cultivation pool 3 and on the right side of the water tank 18, the output end of the temperature control device 20 is fixedly connected with one end of the pipeline 8, the inner side wall of the temperature control device 20 is fixedly connected with an installation rod 22, one end of the installation rod 22 is fixedly connected with a fan 21, the inner side wall of the temperature control device 20 is fixedly connected with a condenser 23 positioned on the front side of the fan 21, the inner side wall of the temperature control device 20 is fixedly connected with a heater 24 positioned below the condenser 23, the input end of the temperature control device 20 is provided with a ventilation opening 25, the temperature is adjusted to a proper interval by using the condenser 23 and the heater 24, the fan 21 is used for generating airflow to send the warm airflow to all corners through the pipeline, so that the temperature inside the heat preservation film 14 is basically kept consistent, and the temperature is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 9, the toadstool has a good growth environment, and the quality of the toadstool is improved;
the top of the upright post 1 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 10, a screw rod 11 is movably connected between the fixing plates 10, a nut 12 is movably connected on the surface of the screw rod 11, a connecting rod 13 is fixedly connected on the surface of the nut 12, a framework 15 is fixedly connected on the top of the connecting rod 13, a heat preservation film 14 is fixedly connected on the outer surface of the framework 15, a slide rail 26 is fixedly connected on the outer surface of the upright post 1 and below the pipeline 8, a slide block 27 is movably connected inside the slide rail 26, a connecting piece 30 is fixedly connected on the side surface of the slide block 27, the connecting piece 30 extends to the outside of the slide rail 26 and is fixedly connected with the inner surface of the framework 15, a groove 29 is formed in the lower surface of the slide block 27, a ball 28 is movably connected inside the groove 29, the surface of the ball 28 is contacted with the inner bottom of the slide rail 26, and the automatic retraction and release of the heat preservation film 14 can be realized by driving the screw rod 11 to drive the nut 12 to move by using a motor 31, meanwhile, the sliding rail 26 is matched with the sliding block, so that the abrasion between the screw rod 11 and the nut 12 can be effectively reduced, the rolling efficiency of the heat-insulating film 14 can be improved, and the labor intensity of workers can be reduced.
Preferably, the surface of the fixing plate 10 is fixedly connected with a supporting plate 32, the upper surface of the supporting plate 32 is fixedly connected with a motor 31, and the output end of the motor 31 penetrates through the fixing plate 10 and is fixedly connected with one end of the screw rod 11, so that the screw rod 11 is conveniently driven.
Preferably, the surface of stand 1 and be close to top edge fixedly connected with temperature sensor 9, temperature sensor 9's quantity is a plurality of, plays the accuracy of guaranteeing the monitoring, guarantees the effect of hickory chick growth quality.
Preferably, the bottom fixedly connected with fixed block 16 of stand 1, the quantity of fixed block 16 is a plurality of, plays the effect that conveniently improves support stability.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An industrial cultivation method of morchella ladder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: soil pretreatment and cultivation device installation, seeding, spawn running culture, hypha and conidium culture, bud suppression, induced bud promotion, young mushroom culture and harvest; the bud suppression method comprises the following steps: spraying a bud inhibitor on the hyphae and the conidia; the bud inhibitor is
The induction bud induction: spraying an inducer on hyphae and conidia, wherein the inducer is
2. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dosage of the bud inhibiting agent is as follows: 1 to 500 ppm; the dosage of the inducer is as follows: 1 to 500 ppm.
3. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced according to claim 1, characterized in that: also comprises a step of adding a nutrient substrate: 2-10 kg of culture medium sterilized under high pressure or normal pressure is added to each square meter.
4. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spawn running culture steps are as follows: controlling the soil humidity to be 45-85%, the soil temperature to be 15-20 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 15-25 ℃, the air humidity to be 70-90%, the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400-3000 ppm, and culturing the hyphae for 3-10 days.
5. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hypha and conidium culture steps are as follows: controlling the soil humidity to be 53-65%, the soil temperature to be 10-18 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 10-16 ℃, the air humidity to be 60-80%, the carbon dioxide concentration to be 1000-2800 ppm, and culturing hyphae for 25-40 days.
6. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of: after the primordium appears in a large amount, controlling the soil humidity to be 50-65%, the soil temperature to be 8-22 ℃, the mushroom house temperature to be 8-22 ℃, the air humidity to be 75-90% and the carbon dioxide concentration to be 400-1000 ppm, and culturing until harvesting.
7. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the bud inhibitor comprises the following steps:
8. the industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the inducer comprises the following steps:
9. the industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cultivation device comprises upright posts (1), wherein fixing rods (2) are fixedly connected between the upright posts (1) in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, a cultivation pool (3) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of each fixing rod (2), a through hole (7) is formed in the inner bottom of each cultivation pool (3), a water pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the inner side surface of each upright post (1) and is positioned above each cultivation pool (3), a spray head (5) is fixedly connected to the surface of each water pipe (4), and a water tank (18) is arranged below each cultivation pool (3);
the outer surface of the upright post (1) is fixedly connected with a pipeline (8), a temperature control device (20) is arranged below the cultivation pool (3) and on the right side of the water tank (18), and the output end of the temperature control device (20) is fixedly connected with one end of the pipeline (8);
the top fixedly connected with fixed plate (10) of stand (1), swing joint has lead screw (11) between fixed plate (10), the surperficial swing joint of lead screw (11) has nut (12), the fixed surface of nut (12) is connected with connecting rod (13), the top fixedly connected with skeleton (15) of connecting rod (13), the external fixed surface of skeleton (15) is connected with heat preservation membrane (14).
10. The industrial morchella cultivation device according to claim 9, wherein: cultivate interior bottom fixedly connected with ventilated membrane (6) of pond (3), cultivate interior bottom fixedly connected with soil moisture sensor (33) of pond (3), ventilated membrane (6) is run through in soil moisture sensor (33).
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| US4594809A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1986-06-17 | Neogen Corporation | Cultivation of morchella |
| CN110150025A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of bedstead formula factory culture hickory chick |
| CN110419386A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-08 | 青海卓辰农业科技发展有限公司 | Highlands hickory chick annual cultivation |
| CN112931063A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-11 | 泉州绿泰食用菌种植有限公司 | Edible mushroom planting device and planting method adopting same |
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2021
- 2021-06-26 CN CN202110715027.9A patent/CN113439608A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4594809A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1986-06-17 | Neogen Corporation | Cultivation of morchella |
| CN110150025A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of bedstead formula factory culture hickory chick |
| CN110419386A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-08 | 青海卓辰农业科技发展有限公司 | Highlands hickory chick annual cultivation |
| CN112931063A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-11 | 泉州绿泰食用菌种植有限公司 | Edible mushroom planting device and planting method adopting same |
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