CN113040001A - Double-mode planting method for morchella black-film arched shed and flat shed negative net - Google Patents
Double-mode planting method for morchella black-film arched shed and flat shed negative net Download PDFInfo
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- CN113040001A CN113040001A CN202110354323.0A CN202110354323A CN113040001A CN 113040001 A CN113040001 A CN 113040001A CN 202110354323 A CN202110354323 A CN 202110354323A CN 113040001 A CN113040001 A CN 113040001A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-mode planting method of black membrane arched sheds and flat shed shading nets of morchella esculenta. Through the mode that adopts flat canopy fossil fragments and arched shed fossil fragments to combine together when planting morchella, earlier stage fungus mushroom cultivation kind is with at first adopting flat canopy fossil fragments after earthing, utilize good ventilation effect, can promote morchella earlier stage growth, later stage goes out the mushroom back, adopt the arched shed mode, start motor through the DSP controller, make motor linkage screw rotate, make the piece that moves in the screw rod outside slide on the guide arm, and the removal of moving the piece, drag the arched shed fossil fragments and slide on the round bar, after the arched shed fossil fragments cover finishes, utilize the effect that reaches heat preservation and moisturizing that the arched shed mode can be better, flat canopy fossil fragments outside and arched shed fossil fragments's the outside have set up first sunshade net and second sunshade net respectively simultaneously, can effectually avoid direct sunlight, double-deck cover simultaneously, it is effectual to keep warm, help going out the production of mushroom and morchella.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of morel strain planting, in particular to a double-mode planting method of morel by using a black film arched shed and a flat shed negative net.
Background
Morchella is a kind of rare edible fungus, and is named because its mushroom cover is concave-convex on its surface and is packed into morchella. Modern medicine shows that the morchella has medical efficacies of four-resistance, two-reduction and one-regulation, namely the efficacies of resisting rays, tumors, oxidation and fatigue, reducing blood pressure and blood fat and regulating immunity. Therefore, the morchella is a rare edible fungus with wide prospect.
However, the artificial cultivation method of morchella on the market generally cultures original morchella species and then directly sows the cultured morchella species, so that the fruiting rate is reduced, and the disease resistance of the bud mushroom is reduced, thereby reducing the yield. On the other hand, the big-arch shelter among the prior art adopts hunch canopy or flat canopy more, but the heat transfer of hunch formula sunshade is concentrated, can cause the condition of long-pending temperature height and oxygen deficiency easily, leads to morchella to go out the mushroom quality difference big, and flat canopy is poor relatively to keep warm the effect. Because the control on temperature, oxygen content, ventilation condition and the like is not favorable, the control on the fruiting quality is not noticed, so that the synthesis efficiency of the nutrient components is low.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a double-mode planting method of a black film arched shed and a flat shed shading net for morchella, the scheme adopts a mode of combining a flat shed keel and an arched shed keel when morchella is planted, after early-stage mushroom cultivation is performed and soil is removed, the flat shed keel is firstly adopted, good ventilation effect is utilized, early-stage growth of morchella can be promoted, after mushroom fruiting in later stage, an arched shed mode is adopted, a motor is started through a DSP controller, the motor is linked with a screw rod to rotate, a moving block outside the screw rod slides on a guide rod, the moving block moves to drag the arched shed keel to slide on a round rod, after the arched shed keel is completely covered, better heat preservation and moisture preservation effects can be achieved through the arched shed mode, and meanwhile, a first shading net and a second shading net are respectively arranged outside the flat shed keel and outside the arched shed keel, so that direct sunlight can be effectively avoided, meanwhile, the double-layer covering is adopted, so that the heat preservation effect is good, and the fruiting and the production of morchella are facilitated; set up temperature and humidity sensor and electric fan heater and fan in flat canopy through the cooperation, control through the DSP controller, can carry out scientific management to the planting environment in the big-arch shelter to ensure that the growing environment of morel is more stable, also can improve the nutrition synthetic rate of morel simultaneously.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A black film arched shed of morchella esculenta adds flat canopy scrotum net, includes flat canopy fossil fragments, the left side fixedly connected with DSP controller of flat canopy fossil fragments, the ventilation hole has all been seted up to the left and right sides of flat canopy fossil fragments, the inboard fixed mounting in ventilation hole has the fan, the outside of flat canopy fossil fragments is equipped with first sunshade net, the inboard fixedly connected with water pipe of flat canopy fossil fragments, the lower extreme fixedly connected with atomising head of water pipe, the one end of water pipe runs through the left side of flat canopy fossil fragments, the inboard fixedly connected with horizontal pole of flat canopy fossil fragments, the lower extreme fixedly connected with temperature and humidity sensor of horizontal pole, the inboard top fixedly connected with electric fan heater unit of flat canopy fossil fragments, the upper end offside fixedly connected with hollow plate of flat canopy fossil fragments, the positive fixedly connected with motor of hollow plate, the inboard fixedly connected with guide arm of hollow plate, the inboard rotation of hollow plate is, the output of motor stretches into the inboard of hollow core slab and the one end fixed connection of screw rod, the outside threaded connection of screw rod has the piece of moving, move a sliding connection in the outside of guide arm, the lower extreme that moves the piece runs through hollow core slab, the equal fixedly connected with installation piece of offside of flat canopy fossil fragments, the offside fixedly connected with round bar of installation piece, the offside sliding connection of round bar has same arched canopy fossil fragments, arched canopy fossil fragments's the outside is equipped with the second sunshade net, arched canopy fossil fragments's upper end fixedly connected with connecting block, the connecting block with move the lower extreme tip fixed connection of piece.
Furthermore, flat canopy fossil fragments equidistance is equipped with the multiunit, flat canopy fossil fragments every group is equipped with 2 altogether.
Furthermore, flat canopy fossil fragments height is 3M, arched shed fossil fragments height is 1M, flat canopy fossil fragments width is 4M.
Furthermore, the coverage rate of the first sunshade net and the coverage rate of the second sunshade net are both 80 percent, and the first sunshade net and the second sunshade net are both formed by PP wire drawing weaving.
Furthermore, a plurality of spray heads are arranged at the lower end of the water pipe at equal intervals, and the transverse gap distance of the spray heads is 0.45 m.
A double-mode planting method of morchella esculenta in a black film arched shed and a flat shed negative net comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land: selecting a flat ground far away from pollution, and conveniently using water, wherein the soil can be any one of mature rotten soil, yellow soil, sandy mixed soil and the like;
s2, building a mushroom shed: firstly, a 4M flat shed keel with the height of 3M is installed by measuring, every two groups of the flat shed keel are in a pair, a hollow plate is installed in the middle of the upper end of the flat shed keel, a motor is assembled on the front surface of the hollow plate, a screw rod capable of rotating is installed on the inner side of the hollow plate, guide rods are installed on two sides of the screw rod, a moving block in threaded connection is arranged on the outer side of the screw rod before installation, the guide rod penetrates through the moving block, a through hole is formed in the lower end of the hollow plate, the lower end of the moving block penetrates through the through hole, finally, the output end of the motor and one end of the screw rod are welded, after the power source is installed, a first sunshade net is installed on the outer portion of the flat shed keel, then installation blocks are installed on the inner side of the flat shed keel, round rods are installed between the installation blocks, then the sliding arch shed keel can be installed by utilizing the round rods, the height of the arch keel is 1M, and a second, finally, installing a connecting block at the top of the arched shed keel and connecting the connecting block with the lower end of the moving block, then installing an auxiliary facility, installing a fan heater on the inner side of the flat shed keel, installing a cross rod on which a temperature and humidity sensor is suspended on the opposite side of the flat shed keel, installing a transverse water pipe on the opposite side of the flat shed keel, installing a spray head at the lower end of the water pipe at intervals of 0.45M, finally arranging vent holes on the two sides of the flat shed keel, installing a fan in the vent holes, and installing a DSP (digital signal processor) controller outside the flat shed keel after the internal facility is finished;
s3, strain production: firstly, purifying the first tide of wild morchella every year to obtain a mother strain; then 750 parts of crop straw powder, 200 parts of bran, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of gypsum, 10 parts of lime and 20 parts of humus are used for preparing the fungus bag culture material, and the materials are mixed according to the material-water ratio of 1: 3 and then are piled up and fermented for 21 days, wherein the water content is 65%. Filling 17 cm x 33 cm polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bags, wherein each bag is 550-650 g, and performing steam sterilization at 100-120 ℃ for 7-9 hours to obtain original seeds; finally, sealing the opening of the original seed, culturing at the temperature of 22-25 ℃, wherein hypha can grow all over the bag in 30 days, primary culture can be carried out 4-6 days after the hypha is full of the bag, and the cultured hypha in half a month grows all over the culture bag and generates a large amount of sclerotia, thus obtaining a cultivated species;
s4, bed arrangement: firstly, loosening cultivated land by a loosener, wherein the loosening depth is 20cm-25cm, then making beds, the width of the bed surface is 100cm, the width of a drainage ditch is 30cm, morchella is cultivated on the bed surface, two planting ditches are dug on the bed surface, the distance between the planting ditches is 50cm, the ditch depth is 6-10cm, and the ditch width is 20 cm;
s5, sowing: after the greenhouse is disinfected, firstly, a plastic film is laid on each bed surface, cooked rotten soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered on the plastic film, the soil is uniformly covered and flattened, then, the fungus sticks without plastic bags are arranged on the mushroom bed one by one, and 40 fungus sticks can be arranged on each square meter of bed surface. Spraying water for 1 time after the fungus sticks are placed, covering the fungus sticks with fine soil with the thickness of 3cm, covering broad leaf tree deciduous leaves with the thickness of 2 cm on the surface of the fungus sticks, keeping the soil moist, growing fruiting bodies after 1 month, spraying 1.5kg of water per square meter, and covering a layer of black film on the surface of the ridge;
s6, subsequent management: the first stage is that the thickness of a compost paved in a planting ditch is 3-5cm, the compost is an important nutrient source for growth of morchella esculenta, the compost is prepared by wetting wood chips of 50 parts of poplar, 70 parts of oak and 40 parts of fruit tree with water and then sterilizing at high temperature, wherein the wood chips contain a large amount of carbon elements, nitrogen elements and trace elements, and the substances are beneficial to growth of morchella esculenta hypha, sclerotia and sporocarp; the second stage is to make a nutrition bag; putting a nutrition bag in the third stage, drilling two rows of small holes on the bag surface or cutting a hole of about 3cm on the bag surface, then uniformly covering the bag surface, wherein the cut surface is required to be contacted with the ground, finally covering a thin film, after the nutrition bag is placed for 5 days, when conidia on the ridge surface begin to fade, picking out all the nutrition bag bags in time, and then when the conidia continue to fade, the morchella hyphae grow mature, namely entering a fruiting stage, and properly opening a part of shading net in the morning, evening or cloudy day during the fruiting period to ventilate morchella sporocarp bodies in an arched shed; in the fourth stage, water is sprayed to the ridge beds once every 2 to 4 days by a spray irrigation device, so that the soil humidity is 70 to 80 percent, the air humidity in the fungus shed is 50 to 55 percent, and the temperature of the fungus shed is controlled to be 10 to 18 ℃;
s7, harvesting period: after 30-35 days, the primordium grows into morchella esculenta, the morchella esculenta is picked in time after being mature, namely, after the morchella esculenta is brown from black or is yellow to black, ridge lines on a cap of the morchella esculenta are opened, and the stems of the morchella esculenta are white and can be picked; when in harvesting, the root of the morchella esculenta is lightly pinched by one hand, and then the morchella esculenta is cut off from the base part by a sharp knife;
s8, storage: cleaning mud on the mushroom feet, airing water stains on the surface, then drying with an accelerator through a dryer, and finally sterilizing, bagging and sealing the dried morchella.
Further, the pH value of the soil in the S1 is 6.5-7.5.
Further, the nutrition bag is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-30 parts of sorbitol, 65-10 parts of vitamin B, 20-25 parts of glutamic acid, 10-15 parts of threonine and 130-140 parts of water.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the scheme, a mode of combining a flat shed keel and an arched shed keel is adopted during planting of morchella, the flat shed keel is firstly adopted after early-stage mushroom planting is put into soil, good ventilation effect is utilized, early-stage growth of morchella can be promoted, an arched shed mode is adopted after mushroom fruiting is finished in the later stage, a motor is started through a DSP controller, a motor is linked with a screw rod to rotate, a moving block outside the screw rod slides on a guide rod, the moving block moves to drag the arched shed keel to slide on a round rod, after the arched shed keel is completely covered, heat preservation and moisture preservation effects can be better achieved through the arched shed mode, and meanwhile, a first sunshade net and a second sunshade net are respectively arranged outside the flat shed keel and outside the arched shed keel, so that direct sunlight can be effectively avoided, double-layer covering is achieved, the heat preservation effect is good, and mushroom fruiting and morchella production is facilitated; set up temperature and humidity sensor and electric fan heater and fan in flat canopy through the cooperation, control through the DSP controller, can carry out scientific management to the planting environment in the big-arch shelter to ensure that the growing environment of morel is more stable, also can improve the nutrition synthetic rate of morel simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of a hollow board according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the planting method of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1. flat shed keel; 2. a DSP controller; 3. a fan; 4. a vent hole; 5. a water pipe; 6. a first sunshade net; 7. a warm air blower; 8. a round bar; 9. mounting blocks; 10. an arched shed keel; 11. a second sunshade net; 12. connecting blocks; 13. a motor; 14. a hollow slab; 15. a cross bar; 16. a temperature and humidity sensor; 17. a spray head; 18. a guide bar; 19. moving the block; 20. a screw.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
s1, selecting land: selecting a flat ground far away from pollution, conveniently using water, wherein the soil is yellow loam, and the pH value of the soil in S1 is 6.5-7.5;
s2, building a mushroom shed: firstly, a 4M flat shed keel 1 with a height of 3M is installed by measuring, every two groups of the flat shed keel 1 are paired, a hollow plate 14 is installed in the middle of the upper end of the flat shed keel 1, a motor 13 is assembled on the front surface of the hollow plate 14, a screw rod 20 capable of rotating is installed on the inner side of the hollow plate 14, guide rods 18 are installed on two sides of the screw rod 20, before installation, a moving block 19 in threaded connection is arranged on the outer side of the screw rod 20, the guide rod 18 penetrates through the moving block 19, a through hole is formed in the lower end of the hollow plate 14, the lower end of the moving block 19 penetrates through the through hole, finally the output end of the motor 13 and one end of the screw rod 20 are welded, after the power source is installed, a first sunshade net 6 is installed on the outer portion of the flat shed keel 1, then installation blocks 9 are installed on the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, round rods 8 are installed between the installation blocks 9, and then the sliding shed keel 10 can be installed, the height of an arched shed keel 10 is 1M, a second sunshade net 11 is also installed at the upper end of the arched shed keel 10, finally, a connecting block 12 is installed at the top of the arched shed keel 10 and is connected with the lower end of a moving block 19, auxiliary facilities are installed next to the connecting block, a fan heater 7 is installed on the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, a cross rod 15 with a temperature and humidity sensor 16 suspended in suspension is installed on the opposite side of the flat shed keel 1, a transverse water pipe 5 is installed on the opposite side of the flat shed keel 1, a spray head 17 is installed at the lower end of the water pipe 5 every 0.45M, finally, vent holes 4 are formed in the two sides of the flat shed keel 1, a fan 3 is installed in the vent holes 4, and a DSP controller 2 is installed outside the flat shed keel 1 after internal facilities;
s3, strain production: firstly, purifying the first tide of wild morchella every year to obtain a mother strain; then 750 parts of crop straw powder, 200 parts of bran, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of gypsum, 10 parts of lime and 20 parts of humus are used for preparing the fungus bag culture material, and the materials are mixed according to the material-water ratio of 1: 3 and then are piled up and fermented for 21 days, wherein the water content is 65%. Filling 17 cm × 33 cm polypropylene plastic bags, wherein each bag is filled with 550 g of the polypropylene plastic bags, and sterilizing the bags with steam at 100 ℃ for 7 hours to obtain original seeds; finally sealing the bag opening of the original seed, culturing at 25 deg.C, allowing mycelium to grow over the bag in 30 days, performing primary culture 5 days after the bag is filled with mycelium, allowing half-month mycelium to grow over the culture bag and generate large amount of sclerotia to obtain culture seed;
s4, bed arrangement: firstly, loosening cultivated land by a scarifier, wherein the loosening depth is 20cm, then making beds, the width of the bed surface is 100cm, the width of a drainage ditch is 30cm, morchella is cultivated on the bed surface, two planting ditches are dug on the bed surface, the distance between the planting ditches is 50cm, the depth of the ditches is 10cm, and the width of the ditches is 20 cm;
s5, sowing: after the greenhouse is disinfected, firstly, a plastic film is laid on each bed surface, cooked rotten soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered on the plastic film, the soil is uniformly covered and flattened, then, the fungus sticks without plastic bags are arranged on the mushroom bed one by one, and 40 fungus sticks can be arranged on each square meter of bed surface. Spraying water for 1 time after the fungus sticks are placed, covering the fungus sticks with fine soil with the thickness of 3cm, covering broad leaf tree deciduous leaves with the thickness of 2 cm on the surface of the fungus sticks, keeping the soil moist, growing fruiting bodies after 1 month, spraying 1.5kg of water per square meter, and covering a layer of black film on the surface of the ridge;
s6, subsequent management: the method comprises the steps that firstly, the thickness of a compost paved in a planting ditch is 3cm, the compost is an important nutrient source for growth of morchella esculenta, the compost is prepared by wetting wood chips of 50 parts of poplar, 70 parts of oak and 40 parts of fruit trees with water and then sterilizing at high temperature, and the compost contains a large amount of carbon elements, nitrogen elements and trace elements, and the substances are beneficial to growth of morchella esculenta hypha, sclerotia and sporocarp; and in the second stage, manufacturing a nutrition bag, wherein the nutrition bag is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of sorbitol, 65 parts of vitamin B, 20 parts of glutamic acid, 10 parts of threonine and 130 parts of water; putting a nutrition bag in the third stage, drilling two rows of small holes on the bag surface or cutting a hole of about 3cm on the bag surface, then uniformly covering the bag surface, wherein the cut surface is required to be contacted with the ground, finally covering a thin film, after the nutrition bag is placed for 5 days, when conidia on the ridge surface begin to fade, picking out all the nutrition bag bags in time, and then when the conidia continue to fade, the morchella hyphae grow mature, namely entering a fruiting stage, and properly opening a part of shading net in the morning, evening or cloudy day during the fruiting period to ventilate morchella sporocarp bodies in an arched shed; in the fourth stage, water is sprayed to the ridge beds once every 2 days through a spray irrigation device, so that the soil humidity is 80%, the air humidity in the fungus shed is 55%, and the temperature of the fungus shed is controlled to be 18 ℃;
s7, harvesting period: after 30 days, the primordium grows into morchella esculenta, the morchella esculenta is picked in time after being mature, namely, after the morchella esculenta is brown from black or is yellow to black, ridge lines on a cap of the morchella esculenta are opened, and the stems of the morchella esculenta are white, and then the morchella esculenta can be picked; when in harvesting, the root of the morchella esculenta is lightly pinched by one hand, and then the morchella esculenta is cut off from the base part by a sharp knife;
s8, storage: cleaning mud on the mushroom feet, airing water stains on the surface, then drying with an accelerator through a dryer, and finally sterilizing, bagging and sealing the dried morchella.
Example two:
s1, selecting land: selecting a flat ground far away from pollution, conveniently using water, wherein the soil is yellow loam, and the pH value of the soil in S1 is 6.5-7.5;
s2, building a mushroom shed: firstly, a 4M flat shed keel 1 with a height of 3M is installed by measuring, every two groups of the flat shed keel 1 are paired, a hollow plate 14 is installed in the middle of the upper end of the flat shed keel 1, a motor 13 is assembled on the front surface of the hollow plate 14, a screw rod 20 capable of rotating is installed on the inner side of the hollow plate 14, guide rods 18 are installed on two sides of the screw rod 20, before installation, a moving block 19 in threaded connection is arranged on the outer side of the screw rod 20, the guide rod 18 penetrates through the moving block 19, a through hole is formed in the lower end of the hollow plate 14, the lower end of the moving block 19 penetrates through the through hole, finally the output end of the motor 13 and one end of the screw rod 20 are welded, after the power source is installed, a first sunshade net 6 is installed on the outer portion of the flat shed keel 1, then installation blocks 9 are installed on the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, round rods 8 are installed between the installation blocks 9, and then the sliding shed keel 10 can be installed, the height of an arched shed keel 10 is 1M, a second sunshade net 11 is also installed at the upper end of the arched shed keel 10, finally, a connecting block 12 is installed at the top of the arched shed keel 10 and is connected with the lower end of a moving block 19, auxiliary facilities are installed next to the connecting block, a fan heater 7 is installed on the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, a cross rod 15 with a temperature and humidity sensor 16 suspended in suspension is installed on the opposite side of the flat shed keel 1, a transverse water pipe 5 is installed on the opposite side of the flat shed keel 1, a spray head 17 is installed at the lower end of the water pipe 5 every 0.45M, finally, vent holes 4 are formed in the two sides of the flat shed keel 1, a fan 3 is installed in the vent holes 4, and a DSP controller 2 is installed outside the flat shed keel 1 after internal facilities;
s3, strain production: firstly, purifying the first tide of wild morchella every year to obtain a mother strain; then 750 parts of crop straw powder, 200 parts of bran, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of gypsum, 10 parts of lime and 20 parts of humus are used for preparing the fungus bag culture material, and the materials are mixed according to the material-water ratio of 1: 3 and then are piled up and fermented for 21 days, wherein the water content is 65%. Filling 17 cm × 33 cm polypropylene plastic bags, wherein each bag is filled with 550 g of the polypropylene plastic bags, and sterilizing the bags with steam at 100 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain original seeds; finally sealing the bag opening of the original seed, culturing at 25 deg.C, allowing mycelium to grow over the bag in 30 days, performing primary culture 5 days after the bag is filled with mycelium, allowing half-month mycelium to grow over the culture bag and generate large amount of sclerotia to obtain culture seed;
s4, bed arrangement: firstly, loosening cultivated land by a scarifier, wherein the loosening depth is 20cm, then making beds, the width of the bed surface is 100cm, the width of a drainage ditch is 30cm, morchella is cultivated on the bed surface, two planting ditches are dug on the bed surface, the distance between the planting ditches is 50cm, the depth of the ditches is 10cm, and the width of the ditches is 20 cm;
s5, sowing: after the greenhouse is disinfected, firstly, a plastic film is laid on each bed surface, cooked rotten soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered on the plastic film, the soil is uniformly covered and flattened, then, the fungus sticks without plastic bags are arranged on the mushroom bed one by one, and 40 fungus sticks can be arranged on each square meter of bed surface. Spraying water for 1 time after the fungus sticks are placed, covering the fungus sticks with fine soil with the thickness of 3cm, covering broad leaf tree deciduous leaves with the thickness of 2 cm on the surface of the fungus sticks, keeping the soil moist, growing fruiting bodies after 1 month, spraying 1.5kg of water per square meter, and covering a layer of black film on the surface of the ridge;
s6, subsequent management: the method comprises the steps that firstly, the thickness of a compost paved in a planting ditch is 4cm, the compost is an important nutrient source for growth of morchella esculenta, the compost is prepared by wetting wood chips of 50 parts of poplar, 70 parts of oak and 40 parts of fruit trees with water and then sterilizing at high temperature, and the compost contains a large amount of carbon elements, nitrogen elements and trace elements, and the substances are beneficial to growth of morchella esculenta hypha, sclerotia and sporocarp; and in the second stage, manufacturing a nutrition bag, wherein the nutrition bag is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of sorbitol, 65 parts of vitamin B, 20 parts of glutamic acid, 10 parts of threonine and 130 parts of water; putting a nutrition bag in the third stage, drilling two rows of small holes on the bag surface or cutting a hole of about 3cm on the bag surface, then uniformly covering the bag surface, wherein the cut surface is required to be contacted with the ground, finally covering a thin film, after the nutrition bag is placed for 5 days, when conidia on the ridge surface begin to fade, picking out all the nutrition bag bags in time, and then when the conidia continue to fade, the morchella hyphae grow mature, namely entering a fruiting stage, and properly opening a part of shading net in the morning, evening or cloudy day during the fruiting period to ventilate morchella sporocarp bodies in an arched shed; in the fourth stage, water is sprayed to the ridge beds once every 3 days through a spray irrigation device, so that the soil humidity is 75%, the air humidity in the fungus shed is 50%, and the temperature of the fungus shed is controlled to be 18 ℃;
s7, harvesting period: after 30 days, the primordium grows into morchella esculenta, the morchella esculenta is picked in time after being mature, namely, after the morchella esculenta is brown from black or is yellow to black, ridge lines on a cap of the morchella esculenta are opened, and the stems of the morchella esculenta are white, and then the morchella esculenta can be picked; when in harvesting, the root of the morchella esculenta is lightly pinched by one hand, and then the morchella esculenta is cut off from the base part by a sharp knife;
s8, storage: cleaning mud on the mushroom feet, airing water stains on the surface, then drying with an accelerator through a dryer, and finally sterilizing, bagging and sealing the dried morchella.
Example three:
s1, selecting land: selecting a flat ground far away from pollution, conveniently using water, wherein the soil is yellow loam, and the pH value of the soil in S1 is 6.5-7.5;
s2, building a mushroom shed: firstly, a 4M flat shed keel 1 with a height of 3M is installed by measuring, every two groups of the flat shed keel 1 are paired, a hollow plate 14 is installed in the middle of the upper end of the flat shed keel 1, a motor 13 is assembled on the front surface of the hollow plate 14, a screw rod 20 capable of rotating is installed on the inner side of the hollow plate 14, guide rods 18 are installed on two sides of the screw rod 20, before installation, a moving block 19 in threaded connection is arranged on the outer side of the screw rod 20, the guide rod 18 penetrates through the moving block 19, a through hole is formed in the lower end of the hollow plate 14, the lower end of the moving block 19 penetrates through the through hole, finally the output end of the motor 13 and one end of the screw rod 20 are welded, after the power source is installed, a first sunshade net 6 is installed on the outer portion of the flat shed keel 1, then installation blocks 9 are installed on the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, round rods 8 are installed between the installation blocks 9, and then the sliding shed keel 10 can be installed, the height of an arched shed keel 10 is 1M, a second sunshade net 11 is also installed at the upper end of the arched shed keel 10, finally, a connecting block 12 is installed at the top of the arched shed keel 10 and is connected with the lower end of a moving block 19, auxiliary facilities are installed next to the connecting block, a fan heater 7 is installed on the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, a cross rod 15 with a temperature and humidity sensor 16 suspended in suspension is installed on the opposite side of the flat shed keel 1, a transverse water pipe 5 is installed on the opposite side of the flat shed keel 1, a spray head 17 is installed at the lower end of the water pipe 5 every 0.45M, finally, vent holes 4 are formed in the two sides of the flat shed keel 1, a fan 3 is installed in the vent holes 4, and a DSP controller 2 is installed outside the flat shed keel 1 after internal facilities;
s3, strain production: firstly, purifying the first tide of wild morchella every year to obtain a mother strain; then 750 parts of crop straw powder, 200 parts of bran, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of gypsum, 10 parts of lime and 20 parts of humus are used for preparing the fungus bag culture material, and the materials are mixed according to the material-water ratio of 1: 3 and then are piled up and fermented for 21 days, wherein the water content is 65%. Filling 17 cm × 33 cm polypropylene plastic bags, wherein each bag is filled with 550 g of the polypropylene plastic bags, and sterilizing the bags with steam at 100 ℃ for 9 hours to obtain original seeds; finally sealing the bag opening of the original seed, culturing at 25 deg.C, allowing mycelium to grow over the bag in 30 days, performing primary culture 5 days after the bag is filled with mycelium, allowing half-month mycelium to grow over the culture bag and generate large amount of sclerotia to obtain culture seed;
s4, bed arrangement: firstly, loosening cultivated land by a scarifier, wherein the loosening depth is 20cm, then making beds, the width of the bed surface is 100cm, the width of a drainage ditch is 30cm, morchella is cultivated on the bed surface, two planting ditches are dug on the bed surface, the distance between the planting ditches is 50cm, the depth of the ditches is 10cm, and the width of the ditches is 20 cm;
s5, sowing: after the greenhouse is disinfected, firstly, a plastic film is laid on each bed surface, cooked rotten soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered on the plastic film, the soil is uniformly covered and flattened, then, the fungus sticks without plastic bags are arranged on the mushroom bed one by one, and 40 fungus sticks can be arranged on each square meter of bed surface. Spraying water for 1 time after the fungus sticks are placed, covering the fungus sticks with fine soil with the thickness of 3cm, covering broad leaf tree deciduous leaves with the thickness of 2 cm on the surface of the fungus sticks, keeping the soil moist, growing fruiting bodies after 1 month, spraying 1.5kg of water per square meter, and covering a layer of black film on the surface of the ridge;
s6, subsequent management: the method comprises the steps that firstly, the thickness of a compost paved in a planting ditch is 5cm, the compost is an important nutrient source for growth of morchella esculenta, the compost is prepared by wetting wood chips of 50 parts of poplar, 70 parts of oak and 40 parts of fruit trees with water and then sterilizing at high temperature, and the compost contains a large amount of carbon elements, nitrogen elements and trace elements, and the substances are beneficial to growth of morchella esculenta hypha, sclerotia and sporocarp; and in the second stage, manufacturing a nutrition bag, wherein the nutrition bag is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of sorbitol, 65 parts of vitamin B, 20 parts of glutamic acid, 10 parts of threonine and 130 parts of water; putting a nutrition bag in the third stage, drilling two rows of small holes on the bag surface or cutting a hole of about 3cm on the bag surface, then uniformly covering the bag surface, wherein the cut surface is required to be contacted with the ground, finally covering a thin film, after the nutrition bag is placed for 5 days, when conidia on the ridge surface begin to fade, picking out all the nutrition bag bags in time, and then when the conidia continue to fade, the morchella hyphae grow mature, namely entering a fruiting stage, and properly opening a part of shading net in the morning, evening or cloudy day during the fruiting period to ventilate morchella sporocarp bodies in an arched shed; in the fourth stage, water is sprayed to the ridge beds once every 4 days through a spray irrigation device, so that the soil humidity is 70%, the air humidity in the fungus shed is 45%, and the temperature of the fungus shed is controlled to be 18 ℃;
s7, harvesting period: after 30 days, the primordium grows into morchella esculenta, the morchella esculenta is picked in time after being mature, namely, after the morchella esculenta is brown from black or is yellow to black, ridge lines on a cap of the morchella esculenta are opened, and the stems of the morchella esculenta are white, and then the morchella esculenta can be picked; when in harvesting, the root of the morchella esculenta is lightly pinched by one hand, and then the morchella esculenta is cut off from the base part by a sharp knife;
s8, storage: cleaning mud on the mushroom feet, airing water stains on the surface, then drying with an accelerator through a dryer, and finally sterilizing, bagging and sealing the dried morchella.
Through practical comparison, the following results are found:
when steam sterilization reaches 7 hours, the sterilization rate can reach 60 percent, when the steam sterilization reaches 8 hours, the sterilization rate can reach 80 percent, when the steam sterilization reaches 9 hours, the sterilization rate can reach 95 percent, in practice, the steam sterilization reaches 8 hours, and after 9 hours, the sterilization rate rises along with the rise of the sterilization rate but can damage the biological molecules of sclerotia to a certain extent; when the thickness of the compost paved in the first-stage planting ditch is 3CM, the entity growth speed of 0.5CM of the morchella is 10 days, when the thickness of the compost paved in the first-stage planting ditch is 4CM, the entity growth speed of 0.5CM of the morchella is 5 days, and when the thickness of the compost paved in the first-stage planting ditch is 5CM, the entity growth speed of 0.5CM of the morchella is 6 days; in practice, when the thickness of the compost paved in the planting ditch at the first stage is 5CM, the growth rate has a rebound tendency, the fourth stage performs sprinkling irrigation once every 2 days, the soil humidity is 80%, the air humidity in the fungus shed is 55%, the fourth stage performs sprinkling irrigation once every 3 days, the soil humidity is 75%, the air humidity in the fungus shed is 50%, the fourth stage performs sprinkling irrigation once every 5 days, the soil humidity is 70%, the air humidity in the fungus shed is 45%, and practice proves that the soil humidity after sprinkling irrigation once every two days and the air humidity in the fungus shed can reach the optimal growth efficiency, thereby being beneficial to the improvement of yield.
Referring to fig. 1, a black membrane arched shed and flat shed shading net for morchella esculenta comprises a flat shed keel 1, a DSP controller 2 is fixedly connected to the left side of the flat shed keel 1, vent holes 4 are respectively formed in the left side and the right side of the flat shed keel 1, a fan 3 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the vent holes 4, a first shading net 6 is arranged on the outer side of the flat shed keel 1, a water pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, a spray head 17 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the water pipe 5, one end of the water pipe 5 penetrates through the left side of the flat shed keel 1, a cross bar 15 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, a temperature and humidity sensor 16 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the cross bar 15, a fan heater 7 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner side of the flat shed keel 1, a hollow plate 14 is fixedly connected to the opposite side of, the inboard fixedly connected with guide arm 18 of hollow slab 14, the inboard of hollow slab 14 is rotated and is connected with screw rod 20, the output of motor 13 stretches into the inboard of hollow slab 14 and the one end fixed connection of screw rod 20, the outside threaded connection of screw rod 20 has a piece 19 of moving, move piece 19 sliding connection in the outside of guide arm 18, the lower extreme that moves piece 19 runs through hollow slab 14, the equal fixedly connected with installation piece 9 of contralateral of flat canopy fossil fragments 1, the contralateral fixedly connected with round bar 8 of installation piece 9, the contralateral sliding connection of round bar 8 has same canopy fossil fragments 10, the outside of canopy fossil fragments 10 is equipped with second sunshade net 11, the upper end fixedly connected with connecting block 12 of canopy fossil fragments 10, connecting block 12 and the lower extreme tip fixed connection who moves piece 19, DSP controller 2 passes through wire and fan 3 electric connection, DSP controller 2 passes through wire and warm braw machine 7 electric connection, DSP controller 2 passes through wire and motor 13 electric connection, DSP controller 2 passes through wire and 16 electric connection of temperature and humidity sensor, the one end and the outside water pump of water pipe 5 are connected, DSP controller 2 passes through wire and outside water pump electric connection, and installation piece 9 is established respectively on flat canopy fossil fragments 1 holistic first row and last row, and motor 13 is installed on flat canopy fossil fragments 1 holistic first row, and temperature and humidity sensor 16 is equipped with 3 totally in flat canopy fossil fragments 1 wholely.
Referring to fig. 1, a plurality of groups of the flat shed keels 1 are equidistantly arranged, 2 flat shed keels 1 are arranged in each group, and movable moving blocks 19 are conveniently arranged in the hollow slab 14 and connected with the arched shed keels 10 by symmetrically installing the flat shed keels 1 on the hollow slab 14, so that electric control switching is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 1, the height of the flat shed keel 1 is 3M, the height of the arched shed keel 10 is 1M, and the width of the flat shed keel 1 is 4M.
Referring to fig. 1, the coverage rate of the first sunshade net 6 and the coverage rate of the second sunshade net 11 are both 80 percent, the first sunshade net 6 and the second sunshade net 11 are both specifically woven by PP drawn wires, the shading effect is better by using the first sunshade net 6 and the second sunshade net 11 with the coverage rate of 80 percent, and the first sunshade net 6 and the second sunshade net 11 are more durable due to the arrangement of the PP drawn wires.
Referring to fig. 1, a plurality of spray heads 17 are equidistantly arranged at the lower end of the water pipe 5, the transverse gap distance of the spray heads 17 is 0.45m, and the spray coverage area of the water mist on the morchella esculenta can be increased by arranging the spray heads 17 every 0.45 m.
In the invention, the flat shed keel 1 and the arched shed keel 10 are combined when morchella is planted, the flat shed keel 1 is firstly adopted after the early-stage mushroom is planted and earthed, and the good ventilation effect is utilized, can promote the early growth of morchella, after fruiting in the later period, the motor 13 is started by the DSP controller 2 in an arched shed mode, so that the motor 13 is linked with the screw rod 20 to rotate, the moving block 19 at the outer side of the screw rod 20 slides on the guide rod 18, the movement of the moving block 19 drags the arched shed keel 10 to slide on the round bar 8, when the arched shed keel 10 is completely covered, the effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation can be better achieved by utilizing an arched shed mode, meanwhile, the outer side of the flat shed keel 1 and the outer side of the arched shed keel 10 are respectively provided with a first sunshade net 6 and a second sunshade net 11, direct sunlight can be effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the double-layer covering is realized, so that the heat preservation effect is good, and the fruiting and the production of morchella are facilitated; the temperature and humidity sensor 16, the fan heater 7 and the fan 3 are arranged in the flat greenhouse in a matching mode, the DSP controller 2 is used for controlling, when the temperature and humidity sensor 16 senses that the temperature in the greenhouse is too high, the temperature and humidity sensor 16 transmits signals to the fan 3, the fan 3 and the ventilation holes 4 are matched to enable air in the greenhouse to circulate, the indoor environment temperature of the greenhouse is reduced, when the temperature and humidity sensor 16 senses that the temperature in the greenhouse is too low, the temperature and humidity sensor 16 transmits information to the DSP controller 2, the DSP controller 2 plays a role in supplementing temperature for the interior of the greenhouse by the fan heater 7, when the temperature and humidity sensor 16 senses that the temperature in the greenhouse is too low, the temperature and humidity sensor 16 transmits signals to the DSP controller 2, the DSP controller 2 plays a role in an external water pump, and the water pump utilizes the water pipe 5 to transport water flow to enable the, the inside humidity of increase big-arch shelter, through this kind of intelligent control's mode, the dynamics that can greatly reduced artificial intervention also makes the management that can carry out the science to the planting environment in the big-arch shelter to ensure that the growing environment of hickory chick is more stable, also can improve hickory chick's nutrition synthetic rate and output simultaneously.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a black membrane arched shed of hickory chick adds flat canopy yin net, includes flat canopy fossil fragments (1), its characterized in that: the greenhouse comprises a flat greenhouse keel (1), a DSP (digital signal processor) controller (2) is fixedly connected to the left side of the flat greenhouse keel (1), ventilation holes (4) are formed in the left side and the right side of the flat greenhouse keel (1), fans (3) are fixedly mounted on the inner sides of the ventilation holes (4), a first sunshade net (6) is arranged on the outer side of the flat greenhouse keel (1), a water pipe (5) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the flat greenhouse keel (1), a spray head (17) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the water pipe (5), one end of the water pipe (5) penetrates through the left side of the flat greenhouse keel (1), a cross rod (15) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the flat greenhouse keel (1), a temperature and humidity sensor (16) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the cross rod (15), a fan heater (7) is fixedly connected to the inner top of the flat greenhouse keel (1), the front of the hollow slab (14) is fixedly connected with a motor (13), the inner side of the hollow slab (14) is fixedly connected with a guide rod (18), the inner side of the hollow slab (14) is rotatably connected with a screw rod (20), the output end of the motor (13) extends into the inner side of the hollow slab (14) and one end of the screw rod (20) is fixedly connected, the outer side of the screw rod (20) is in threaded connection with a moving block (19), the moving block (19) is in sliding connection with the outer side of the guide rod (18), the lower end of the moving block (19) penetrates through the hollow slab (14), the opposite side of the flat shed keel (1) is fixedly connected with a mounting block (9), the opposite side of the mounting block (9) is fixedly connected with a round bar (8), the opposite side of the round bar (8) is in sliding connection with the same shed keel (10), the outer side of the shed keel (10) is provided, the upper end fixedly connected with connecting block (12) of arched shed fossil fragments (10), connecting block (12) and the lower extreme tip fixed connection who moves piece (19).
2. The black membrane arched shed and flat shed shading net for morchella esculenta according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the multi-group flat shed keel (1) is equidistantly arranged, and each group of the flat shed keel (1) is provided with 2.
3. The black membrane arched shed and flat shed shading net for morchella esculenta according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the height of the flat shed keel (1) is 3M, the height of the arched shed keel (10) is 1M, and the width of the flat shed keel (1) is 4M.
4. The black membrane arched shed and flat shed shading net for morchella esculenta according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the coverage rate of the first sunshade net (6) and the coverage rate of the second sunshade net (11) are both 80 percent, and the first sunshade net (6) and the second sunshade net (11) are both formed by PP wire drawing weaving.
5. The black membrane arched shed and flat shed shading net for morchella esculenta according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the lower end of the water pipe (5) is provided with a plurality of spray heads (17) at equal intervals, and the transverse gap distance of the spray heads (17) is 0.45 m.
6. A double-mode planting method of morchella esculenta in a black film arched shed and a flat shed negative net is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting land: selecting a flat ground far away from pollution, and conveniently using water, wherein the soil can be any one of mature rotten soil, yellow soil, sandy mixed soil and the like;
s2, building a mushroom shed: firstly, 4M of flat shed keels (1) with the height of 3M are installed by measuring, every two groups of the flat shed keels (1) are paired, a hollow plate (14) is installed in the middle of the upper end of each flat shed keel (1), a motor (13) is assembled on the front surface of each hollow plate (14), a rotatable screw rod (20) is installed on the inner side of each hollow plate (14), guide rods (18) are installed on two sides of each screw rod (20), before installation, a moving block (19) in threaded connection is arranged on the outer side of each screw rod (20), each guide rod (18) penetrates through each moving block (19), a through hole is formed in the lower end of each hollow plate (14), the lower end of each moving block (19) penetrates through the through hole, finally, the output end of each motor (13) and one end of each screw rod (20) are welded, after power source installation is finished, a first sunshade net (6) is installed outside each flat shed keel (1), then installing installation blocks (9) on the inner side of a flat shed keel (1), installing round rods (8) between the installation blocks (9), then installing a sliding arched shed keel (10) by utilizing the round rods (8), wherein the height of the arched shed keel (10) is 1M, installing a second sunshade net (11) at the upper end of the arched shed keel (10), finally installing a connecting block (12) at the top of the arched shed keel (10) and connecting the connecting block with the lower end of a moving block (19), installing auxiliary facilities, installing a warm air blower (7) on the inner side of the flat shed keel (1), installing a cross rod (15) on which a temperature and humidity sensor (16) is suspended on the opposite side of the flat shed keel (1), installing a transverse water pipe (5) on the opposite side of the flat shed keel (1), installing a spray head (17) at the lower end of the water pipe (5) every 0.45M, and finally arranging ventilation holes (4) on the two sides of the flat shed keel (1), a fan (3) is arranged in the ventilation hole (4), and a DSP controller (2) is arranged outside the flat shed keel (1) after the internal facilities are finished;
s3, strain production: firstly, purifying the first tide of wild morchella every year to obtain a mother strain; then 750 parts of crop straw powder, 200 parts of bran, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of gypsum, 10 parts of lime and 20 parts of humus are used for preparing the fungus bag culture material, and the materials are mixed according to the material-water ratio of 1: 3 and then are piled up and fermented for 21 days, wherein the water content is 65%. Filling 17 cm x 33 cm polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bags, wherein each bag is 550-650 g, and performing steam sterilization at 100-120 ℃ for 7-9 hours to obtain original seeds; finally, sealing the opening of the original seed, culturing at the temperature of 22-25 ℃, wherein hypha can grow all over the bag in 30 days, primary culture can be carried out 4-6 days after the hypha is full of the bag, and the cultured hypha in half a month grows all over the culture bag and generates a large amount of sclerotia, thus obtaining a cultivated species;
s4, bed arrangement: firstly, loosening cultivated land by a loosener, wherein the loosening depth is 20cm-25cm, then making beds, the width of the bed surface is 100cm, the width of a drainage ditch is 30cm, morchella is cultivated on the bed surface, two planting ditches are dug on the bed surface, the distance between the planting ditches is 50cm, the ditch depth is 6-10cm, and the ditch width is 20 cm;
s5, sowing: after the greenhouse is disinfected, firstly, a plastic film is laid on each bed surface, cooked rotten soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered on the plastic film, the soil is uniformly covered and flattened, then, the fungus sticks without plastic bags are arranged on the mushroom bed one by one, and 40 fungus sticks can be arranged on each square meter of bed surface. Spraying water for 1 time after the fungus sticks are placed, covering the fungus sticks with fine soil with the thickness of 3cm, covering broad leaf tree deciduous leaves with the thickness of 2 cm on the surface of the fungus sticks, keeping the soil moist, growing fruiting bodies after 1 month, spraying 1.5kg of water per square meter, and covering a layer of black film on the surface of the ridge;
s6, subsequent management: the first stage is that the thickness of a compost paved in a planting ditch is 3-5cm, the compost is an important nutrient source for growth of morchella esculenta, the compost is prepared by wetting wood chips of 50 parts of poplar, 70 parts of oak and 40 parts of fruit tree with water and then sterilizing at high temperature, wherein the wood chips contain a large amount of carbon elements, nitrogen elements and trace elements, and the substances are beneficial to growth of morchella esculenta hypha, sclerotia and sporocarp; the second stage is to make a nutrition bag; putting a nutrition bag in the third stage, drilling two rows of small holes on the bag surface or cutting a hole of about 3cm on the bag surface, then uniformly covering the bag surface, wherein the cut surface is required to be contacted with the ground, finally covering a thin film, after the nutrition bag is placed for 5 days, when conidia on the ridge surface begin to fade, picking out all the nutrition bag bags in time, and then when the conidia continue to fade, the morchella hyphae grow mature, namely entering a fruiting stage, and properly opening a part of shading net in the morning, evening or cloudy day during the fruiting period to ventilate morchella sporocarp bodies in an arched shed; in the fourth stage, water is sprayed to the ridge beds once every 2 to 4 days by a spray irrigation device, so that the soil humidity is 70 to 80 percent, the air humidity in the fungus shed is 50 to 55 percent, and the temperature of the fungus shed is controlled to be 10 to 18 ℃;
s7, harvesting period: after 30-35 days, the primordium grows into morchella esculenta, the morchella esculenta is picked in time after being mature, namely, after the morchella esculenta is brown from black or is yellow to black, ridge lines on a cap of the morchella esculenta are opened, and the stems of the morchella esculenta are white and can be picked; when in harvesting, the root of the morchella esculenta is lightly pinched by one hand, and then the morchella esculenta is cut off from the base part by a sharp knife;
s8, storage: cleaning mud on the mushroom feet, airing water stains on the surface, then drying with an accelerator through a dryer, and finally sterilizing, bagging and sealing the dried morchella.
7. The dual-mode planting method of the black membrane arched shed and the flat shed negative net of the morchella esculenta according to claim 6, characterized in that: the pH value of the soil in the S1 is 6.5-7.5.
8. The dual-mode planting method of the black membrane arched shed and the flat shed negative net of the morchella esculenta according to claim 6, characterized in that: the nutrition bag is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-30 parts of sorbitol, 65-10 parts of vitamin B, 20-25 parts of glutamic acid, 10-15 parts of threonine and 130-140 parts of water.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114467626A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-13 | 维西伟宏农特资源开发有限责任公司 | Morel planting method capable of improving yield |
| CN114931061A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-23 | 贵州大学 | Six-sister morchella cultivation and facility thereof |
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2021
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114467626A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-13 | 维西伟宏农特资源开发有限责任公司 | Morel planting method capable of improving yield |
| CN114467626B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-09-08 | 维西伟宏农特资源开发有限责任公司 | Morchella strain planting method for improving yield |
| CN114931061A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-23 | 贵州大学 | Six-sister morchella cultivation and facility thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210629 |