CN113432826B - Method for measuring influence degree of bent pipe in different characteristic flow fields - Google Patents
Method for measuring influence degree of bent pipe in different characteristic flow fields Download PDFInfo
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- CN113432826B CN113432826B CN202010208806.5A CN202010208806A CN113432826B CN 113432826 B CN113432826 B CN 113432826B CN 202010208806 A CN202010208806 A CN 202010208806A CN 113432826 B CN113432826 B CN 113432826B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004599 local-density approximation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036314 physical performance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
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- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring influence degree of an elbow in different characteristic flow fields, which comprises the following steps that the elbow is arranged in a wind tunnel through an elbow bracket, a rotating disc is respectively adjusted and arranged at the position on the elbow bracket, different wind speeds are adjusted, speed distribution at different positions near the elbow head of a shock wave state diagram of the elbow head is shot, a vortex value is calculated, a tungsten wire is adhered to the elbow head, a tungsten wire is connected with a resistor and a galvanometer, custom, airflow flow and airflow pressure in the wind tunnel are respectively adjusted, and the analysis is compared with a calibration curve. The invention measures the change condition of the flow field near the bent pipe, grasps the effect of different positions and airflows when the external dimensions of the bent pipe are different, influences the change condition on the airflows, and provides basis for the control, optimization and design of the temperature field near the bent pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flow field control, and particularly relates to a method for measuring influence degree of bent pipes in different characteristic flow fields.
Background
In the special equipment for air flow treatment, an elbow is required to be used for improving and controlling an original flow field, and because the air flow near the elbow is in a supersonic flow state, and pressure gradient and speed gradient exist, shock waves are generated by the action of the air flow and the elbow, the air flow near the elbow is changed, the power consumption of the elbow is influenced, and the temperature distribution and the physical performance of the elbow are influenced.
Therefore, one of important data to be inspected in the process of researching and optimizing the relation type bent pipe of measuring the air flow speed distribution near the bent pipe, inspecting the variation condition of shock wave form and turbulence characteristic and the power consumption and physical performance of the bent pipe.
Because the flow field space where the pipe bending part is located is limited and the flow field specificity is difficult to measure, and the related measurement result of the pipe bending cannot be queried, a method for measuring the flow field change condition near the pipe bending by solving the technical problems is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the influence degree of the bent pipe on different characteristic flow fields, which has a simple structure and can be used for measuring the change condition of the flow fields near the bent pipe according to different bent pipe sizes and providing basis for controlling and designing the temperature field near the bent pipe.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring influence degree of an elbow in different characteristic flow fields comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of installing an elbow on an elbow support, fixing the elbow support in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting wind speed, shooting shock wave state pictures of the head of the elbow, measuring speed distribution of different positions near the head of the elbow, calculating a corresponding first vortex value according to the wind speed, and calculating according to the following formula: wherein ω is vorticity,/> Is the wind speed;
(2) Starting a rotating disc below the elbow support, adjusting the rotating frequency of the rotating disc, starting a wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting shock wave state pictures of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of different positions near the elbow, and calculating a corresponding second vortex value according to the wind speed;
(3) Installing an airflow baffle in the wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting shock wave state pictures of the head of the elbow, measuring speed distribution conditions of different positions near the head of the elbow, and calculating a corresponding third vortex value according to the wind speed;
(4) Adjusting the installation position of the bent pipe on the bent pipe bracket, and repeating the steps (1) - (3) respectively for testing;
(5) Sticking a tungsten wire on the head of the bent pipe, wherein the tungsten wire is respectively connected with a resistor and a galvanometer;
(6) Installing the elbow pipe adhered with the tungsten wire in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, measuring the wind speed at the elbow pipe provided with the tungsten wire, recording the galvanometer indication, and drawing a calibration curve of the wind speed-the galvanometer indication according to the measured wind speed at the elbow pipe provided with the tungsten wire and the galvanometer indication;
(7) Loading the elbow with the tungsten wire in the step (6) into a flow field, wherein the installation position of the elbow is the same as that of the elbow in the step (6), the tungsten wire is connected with a galvanometer, the air flow and the air flow pressure are regulated, the operation is stable for 3-4 hours, the power consumption of the elbow is measured, and the number of the galvanometer is recorded;
(8) And (3) repeating the step (7), respectively adjusting the airflow rate and the airflow pressure to obtain a relation between the airflow rate and the airflow pressure and a galvanometer, comparing the relation with the calibration curve (the relation between the wind speed and the galvanometer) obtained in the step (6) to obtain a relation between the airflow speed value and the airflow flow pressure, and obtaining a relation between the airflow speed value, the airflow flow rate, the airflow pressure, the head shock state, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value of the bent pipe in an actual flow field according to the relation between the airflow speed value, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value in the wind tunnel.
In the above technical solution, the steps (1) - (8) are repeated, and the average values of the first vortex value, the second vortex value, the third vortex value and the air flow velocity measurement value are calculated respectively.
In the technical scheme, the wind speed range in the wind tunnel is adjusted to be 5-1000m/s in the steps (1) - (8).
In the above technical solution, in the step (2), the rotation frequency of the rotating disc ranges from 3 Hz to 100Hz.
In the above technical solution, in the step (7), the airflow rate ranges from 10 g/h to 100g/h.
In the above technical solution, in the step (7), the pressure of the air flow is in a range of 50pa to 400hPa.
In the above technical solution, in the step (1), the position near the elbow refers to an upward tip of the elbow or a backward bending portion of the elbow.
In the technical scheme, a transient schlieren instrument is adopted to shoot a shock wave state picture of the bent pipe head.
In the technical scheme, PIV or laser Doppler velocimetry is adopted to measure speed distribution conditions of different positions near the head of the elbow.
In the technical scheme, the length of the tungsten filament is 2-5cm, and the diameter of the tungsten filament is 2-5 microns.
The invention further aims to provide a simulation test device based on the method, which comprises a bent pipe bracket, a rotary disc, an airflow baffle, a wind tunnel, a tungsten wire, a resistor and a galvanometer;
the pipe bending device comprises a pipe bending support, a wind tunnel and a wind tunnel, wherein a plurality of pipe bending clamping stations are arranged on the pipe bending support, a pipe bending is arranged on the pipe bending clamping stations through clamping pieces and used for adjusting the position of the pipe bending on the pipe bending support during measurement, and the pipe bending support is arranged in the wind tunnel;
the rotary disc is arranged at the lower part of the bent pipe bracket;
the airflow baffle is mounted within the measured wind tunnel to bring the airflow to a desired state.
The tungsten wire is arranged at the head part of the bent pipe and is electrically connected with the resistor and the galvanometer.
In the above technical scheme, the bent pipe bracket is arc-shaped.
In the technical scheme, the number of the bent pipe clamping stations is 3-5.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. The method can measure the change condition of the flow field near the bent pipe, grasp the effect of different positions and airflows when the external dimensions of the bent pipe are different, influence the change condition on the airflows, and provide basis for the control, optimization and design of the temperature field near the bent pipe.
2. The simulation test device can simulate the change conditions of different characteristic flow fields in the wind tunnel, obtain the galvanometer indication number through the cooperation of the tungsten wire, the resistor and the galvanometer, and draw a calibration curve of wind speed-the galvanometer indication number, thereby facilitating the comparison and analysis of the measured value of the test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation test apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the connection structure of tungsten filament and galvanometer in the present invention.
In the figure:
1. tungsten filament 2, resistor 3 and galvanometer
4. Elbow support 5, elbow 6 and rotary disc
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in the figure, the method for measuring the influence degree of the bent pipe in different characteristic flow fields comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of installing a bent pipe on a bent pipe support, fixing the bent pipe support in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting wind speeds to be 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s respectively, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the head of the bent pipe, calculating a first vortex value, and calculating according to the following formula: wherein ω is vorticity,/> Is the wind speed;
(2) Starting a rotating disc arranged below the elbow support, adjusting the rotating frequency of the rotating disc to be 3, 50 and 100Hz, starting a wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed to be 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the elbow head, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the elbow head, and calculating a second vortex value;
(3) Installing an airflow baffle in the wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed to be 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the head of the elbow, and calculating a third vortex value;
(4) Adjusting the installation position of the bent pipe on the bent pipe bracket, and repeating the steps (1) - (3) for testing;
(5) Sticking a tungsten wire on the head of the bent pipe, wherein the tungsten wire is respectively connected with a resistor (the resistance value is 50 omega) and a galvanometer;
(6) Installing the elbow pipe adhered with the tungsten wire in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed to be 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s, measuring the wind speed at the elbow pipe installed with the tungsten wire, recording the galvanometer indication, and drawing a calibration curve of wind speed-galvanometer indication according to the measured wind speed at the elbow pipe installed with the tungsten wire and the galvanometer indication;
(7) Loading the elbow with the tungsten wire in the step (6) into a flow field, connecting the tungsten wire with a galvanometer, adjusting the airflow flow rate to be 20g/h, 50g/h and 100g/h, and the airflow pressure to be 100hPa, 1000pa and 31920pa respectively, stably operating for 4 hours, measuring the power consumption of the elbow, and recording the galvanometer indication;
(8) Repeating the step (7), respectively adjusting the airflow flow and the airflow pressure to obtain a relation between the airflow flow and the airflow pressure and a galvanometer, comparing the relation with a calibration curve (a relation between the wind speed and the galvanometer) obtained in the step (6) to obtain a relation between an airflow speed value and the airflow flow and the airflow pressure, and obtaining a relation between the airflow speed value, the airflow flow and the airflow pressure of the bent pipe in an actual flow field, a relation between a head shock state, a first vortex value, a second vortex value and a third vortex value according to the airflow speed value, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value in the wind tunnel;
(9) And (3) repeating the steps (1) - (8) to respectively perform experiments, and respectively calculating to obtain average values of the first vortex value, the second vortex value, the third vortex value and the air flow velocity measurement value.
Further, a transient schlieren is adopted for shooting the shock wave state picture of the bent pipe head.
Further, PIV or laser Doppler velocimetry is used to measure velocity profiles at different locations near the elbow head.
Further, the length of the tungsten filament was 2cm (determined by the air flow velocity near the bend and the machine interior space), and the diameter of the tungsten filament was 5 μm.
The measured value (namely, the change condition of the flow field near the bent pipe) in the wind tunnel obtained through the test is compared and analyzed with the calibration curve, so that the change condition of different positions of the bent pipe, the action of the air flow and the influence on the air flow can be mastered, the basis is provided for the control, the optimization and the design of the temperature field near the bent pipe, and the control is performed in different characteristic flow fields.
Example 2
As shown in the figure, the simulation test device for measuring the influence degree of the bent pipe in different characteristic flow fields comprises a bent pipe bracket, a rotating disc, an airflow baffle, a wind tunnel, a tungsten wire, a resistor and a galvanometer;
The pipe bending support is provided with 3 pipe bending clamping stations, the pipe bending is arranged on the pipe bending clamping stations through clamping screws, and the pipe bending support is arranged in the wind tunnel;
the rotary disc is arranged at the lower part of the bent pipe bracket;
the airflow baffle is arranged in the measured wind tunnel so that the airflow is in a required state;
the tungsten wire is arranged at the head part of the bent pipe and is electrically connected with the resistor and the galvanometer.
Further, the bent pipe support is arc-shaped.
Example 3
The invention relates to a method for measuring influence degree of an elbow in different characteristic flow fields, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of installing an elbow on an elbow support, fixing the elbow support in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting wind speed, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the head of the elbow, calculating a first vortex value, and calculating according to the following formula: wherein ω is vorticity,/> Is the wind speed;
(2) Starting a rotating disc arranged below the elbow support, adjusting the rotating frequency of the rotating disc, starting a wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the elbow head, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the elbow head, and calculating a second vortex value;
(3) Installing an airflow baffle in the wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the head of the elbow, and calculating a third vortex value;
(4) Adjusting the installation position of the bent pipe on the bent pipe bracket, and repeating the steps (1) - (3) for testing;
(5) Sticking a tungsten wire on the head of the bent pipe, wherein the tungsten wire is respectively connected with a resistor (the resistance value is 50 omega) and a galvanometer;
(6) Installing the elbow pipe adhered with the tungsten wire in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, measuring the wind speed at the elbow pipe provided with the tungsten wire, recording the galvanometer indication, and drawing a calibration curve of the wind speed-the galvanometer indication according to the measured wind speed at the elbow pipe provided with the tungsten wire and the galvanometer indication;
(7) Loading the elbow with the tungsten wire in the step (6) into a flow field, wherein the installation position of the elbow is the same as that of the elbow in the step (6), the tungsten wire is connected with a galvanometer, the air flow and the air flow pressure are regulated, the operation is stable for 4 hours, the power consumption of the elbow is measured, and the number of the galvanometer is recorded;
(8) Repeating the step (7), respectively adjusting the airflow flow and the airflow pressure to obtain a relation between the airflow flow and the airflow pressure and a galvanometer, comparing the relation with a calibration curve (a relation between the wind speed and the galvanometer) obtained in the step (6) to obtain a relation between an airflow speed value and the airflow flow and the airflow pressure, and obtaining a relation between the airflow speed value, the airflow flow and the airflow pressure of the bent pipe in an actual flow field, a relation between a head shock state, a first vortex value, a second vortex value and a third vortex value according to the airflow speed value, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value in the wind tunnel;
(9) Repeating the tests in the steps (1) - (8), and respectively calculating the average value of the first vortex value, the second vortex value, the third vortex value and the air flow speed measurement value.
Further, the rotation frequency of the rotating disk was adjusted to 3Hz, 50Hz and 100Hz.
Further, the wind speeds in the wind tunnel are regulated to be 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s.
Further, a transient schlieren is adopted for shooting the shock wave state picture of the bent pipe head.
Further, PIV or laser Doppler velocimetry is used to measure velocity profiles at different locations near the elbow head.
Further, the length of the tungsten filament is 5cm, and the diameter of the tungsten filament is 2 μm.
The air flow and wind speed measured value (namely, the flow field change condition near the bent pipe is measured) in the wind tunnel obtained through the test is compared and analyzed with the calibration curve, so that the change conditions of different positions of the bent pipe, the air flow effect and the influence on the air flow can be mastered, the basis is provided for the control, the optimization and the design of the temperature field near the bent pipe, and the control is performed in different characteristic flow fields.
Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like, may be used in the embodiments for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature's illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "under" other elements or features would then be oriented "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" may encompass both an upper and lower orientation. The device may be otherwise positioned (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.
The foregoing describes one embodiment of the present invention in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (11)
1. A method for measuring influence degree of an elbow in different characteristic flow fields comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of installing an elbow on an elbow support, fixing the elbow support in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting wind speed, shooting shock wave state pictures of the head of the elbow, measuring speed distribution of different positions near the head of the elbow, calculating a corresponding first vortex value according to the wind speed, and calculating according to the following formula: Wherein ω is vorticity,/> Is the wind speed;
(2) Starting a rotating disc below the elbow support, adjusting the rotating frequency of the rotating disc, starting a wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting shock wave state pictures of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of different positions near the elbow, and calculating a corresponding second vortex value according to the wind speed;
(3) Installing an airflow baffle in the wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting shock wave state pictures of the head of the elbow, measuring speed distribution conditions of different positions near the head of the elbow, and calculating a corresponding third vortex value according to the wind speed;
(4) Adjusting the installation position of the bent pipe on the bent pipe bracket, and repeating the steps (1) - (3) respectively for testing;
(5) Sticking a tungsten wire on the head of the bent pipe, wherein the tungsten wire is respectively connected with a resistor and a galvanometer;
(6) Installing the elbow pipe adhered with the tungsten wire in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, measuring the wind speed at the elbow pipe provided with the tungsten wire, recording the galvanometer indication, and drawing a calibration curve of the wind speed-the galvanometer indication according to the measured wind speed at the elbow pipe provided with the tungsten wire and the galvanometer indication;
(7) Loading the elbow with the tungsten wire in the step (6) into a flow field, wherein the installation position of the elbow is the same as that of the elbow in the step (6), the tungsten wire is connected with a galvanometer, the air flow and the air flow pressure are regulated, the operation is stable for 3-4 hours, the power consumption of the elbow is measured, and the number of the galvanometer is recorded;
(8) And (3) repeating the step (7), respectively adjusting the airflow rate and the airflow pressure to obtain a relation between the airflow rate and the airflow pressure and a galvanometer, comparing the relation with the calibration curve (the relation between the wind speed and the galvanometer) obtained in the step (6) to obtain a relation between the airflow speed value and the airflow flow pressure, and obtaining a relation between the airflow speed value, the airflow flow rate, the airflow pressure, the head shock state, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value of the bent pipe in an actual flow field according to the relation between the airflow speed value, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value in the wind tunnel.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising: (9) Repeating the steps (1) - (8), and calculating average values of the first vortex value, the second vortex value, the third vortex value and the air flow velocity measurement value respectively.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (3) adjusting the wind speed range in the wind tunnel to be 5-1000m/s in the steps (1) - (8).
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (2), the rotating frequency range of the rotating disc is 3-100Hz.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (7), the air flow rate is in the range of 10-100g/h, and in the step (7), the air flow pressure is in the range of 50pa-400hPa.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), the position near the elbow part refers to the upward tip of the elbow part or the backward bending part of the elbow part.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: and shooting a shock wave state picture of the elbow by using a transient schlieren, and measuring the speed distribution condition of different positions near the elbow by using a PIV or laser Doppler velocimeter.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the length of the tungsten filament is 2-5cm, and the diameter of the tungsten filament is 2-5 microns.
9. A simulation test apparatus based on the method of claim 8, wherein: the device comprises a bent pipe bracket, a rotary disc, an airflow baffle, a wind tunnel, a tungsten wire, a resistor and a galvanometer;
the pipe bending device comprises a pipe bending support, a wind tunnel and a wind tunnel, wherein a plurality of pipe bending clamping stations are arranged on the pipe bending support, a pipe bending is arranged on the pipe bending clamping stations through clamping pieces and used for adjusting the position of the pipe bending on the pipe bending support during measurement, and the pipe bending support is arranged in the wind tunnel;
the rotary disc is arranged at the lower part of the bent pipe bracket;
The air flow baffle is arranged in the measured wind tunnel to enable the air flow to be in a required state;
the tungsten wire is arranged at the head part of the bent pipe and is electrically connected with the resistor and the galvanometer.
10. The simulation test apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the bent pipe support is arc-shaped.
11. The simulation test apparatus according to claim 10, wherein: the number of the bent pipe clamping stations is 3-5.
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