CN113432826A - Method for measuring influence degree of elbow in different characteristic flow fields - Google Patents
Method for measuring influence degree of elbow in different characteristic flow fields Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring influence degrees of a bent pipe in different characteristic flow fields, which comprises the following steps of arranging the bent pipe in a wind tunnel through a bent pipe support, respectively adjusting a rotating disc and positions on the bent pipe support, adjusting different wind speeds, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the bent pipe, collecting the speed distribution of different positions near the head of the bent pipe, calculating a vortex value, sticking a tungsten wire to the head of the bent pipe, connecting the tungsten wire with a resistor and a galvanometer, respectively adjusting the customs, airflow flow and airflow pressure in the wind tunnel, and comparing and analyzing the customs, the airflow flow and the airflow pressure with a calibration curve. The invention measures the change condition of the flow field near the elbow, grasps the different positions and the air flow action when the shape and the size of the elbow are different, influences the change condition of the air flow and provides a basis for the control, optimization and design of the temperature field near the elbow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flow field control, and particularly relates to a method for measuring influence degrees of a bent pipe on different characteristic flow fields.
Background
In the special equipment for gas flow treatment, the elbow is needed to be used for improving and controlling an original flow field, and because the gas flow near the elbow is in a supersonic flow state and has a pressure gradient and a velocity gradient, and the gas flow near the elbow generates shock waves under the action of the pressure gradient and the velocity gradient and the elbow, the gas flow near the elbow is changed, the power consumption of the elbow is influenced, and the temperature distribution and the physical performance of the elbow are influenced.
Therefore, one of important data to be examined in the process of researching and optimizing the relational elbow of measuring the airflow speed distribution near the elbow, examining the change conditions of the shock wave form and the turbulence characteristic and the power consumption and the physical property of the elbow.
Due to the limitation of the flow field space of the elbow component and the particularity of the flow field, the flow field space of the elbow component is difficult to measure, and the relevant measurement result of the elbow cannot be inquired, so that a method for measuring the change condition of the flow field near the elbow, which can solve the technical problem, needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the influence degree of a bent pipe on different characteristic flow fields, which has a simple structure, measures the change condition of the flow field near the bent pipe according to the sizes of different bent pipes and provides a basis for controlling and designing the temperature field near the bent pipe.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring influence degrees of elbow pipes on different characteristic flow fields comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of installing a bent pipe on a bent pipe support, fixing the bent pipe support in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution of different positions near the head of the bent pipe, calculating a corresponding first vortex value according to the wind speed, and calculating by the following formula:
wherein omega is the amount of vorticity,
is the wind speed;
(2) starting a rotating disc below the bent pipe support, adjusting the rotating frequency of the rotating disc, starting a wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution of different positions near the head of the bent pipe, and calculating a corresponding second vortex value according to the wind speed;
(3) installing an airflow baffle in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution conditions of different positions near the head of the bent pipe, and calculating a corresponding third vortex value according to the wind speed;
(4) adjusting the installation position of the bent pipe on the bent pipe support, and respectively repeating the steps (1) to (3) to perform tests;
(5) adhering a tungsten wire to the head of the bent tube, wherein the tungsten wire is respectively connected with a resistor and a galvanometer;
(6) installing the bent pipe adhered with the tungsten wire in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, measuring the wind speed at the bent pipe provided with the tungsten wire, recording the galvanometer readings, and drawing a calibration curve of the wind speed-the galvanometer readings according to the measured wind speed at the bent pipe provided with the tungsten wire and the galvanometer readings;
(7) loading the bent pipe with the tungsten wire in the step (6) into a flow field, wherein the bent pipe is the same as the installation position in the step (6), the tungsten wire is connected with a galvanometer, the airflow flow and the airflow pressure are regulated, the bent pipe stably runs for 3-4 hours, the power consumption of the bent pipe is measured, and the readings of the galvanometer are recorded;
(8) and (3) repeating the step (7), respectively adjusting the airflow flow and the airflow pressure to obtain a relationship of the airflow flow, the airflow pressure and the galvanometer, comparing the relationship with the calibration curve (the relationship of the wind speed and the galvanometer) obtained in the step (6) to obtain a relationship of the airflow speed value and the airflow flow, and obtaining a relationship of the airflow speed value, the airflow flow, the airflow pressure, the head shock wave state, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value of the elbow in the actual flow field according to the airflow speed value, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value in the wind tunnel.
In the above technical solution, the steps (1) - (8) are repeated, and the average values of the first vortex value, the second vortex value, the third vortex value and the airflow speed measurement value are calculated respectively.
In the above technical solution, the wind speed range in the wind tunnel is adjusted to 5-1000m/s in the steps (1) - (8).
In the above technical solution, in the step (2), the rotation frequency range of the rotating disk is 3-100 Hz.
In the above technical solution, in the step (7), the flow rate of the gas flow ranges from 10 to 100 g/h.
In the above technical solution, in the step (7), the pressure of the gas flow is in the range of 50pa to 400 hPa.
In the above technical solution, in step (1), the position near the corner head portion refers to an upward tip of the corner portion or a backward bending portion of the corner portion.
In the technical scheme, a transient schlieren instrument is adopted to shoot the shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe.
In the technical scheme, the PIV or the laser Doppler velocimeter is adopted to measure the velocity distribution conditions of different positions near the head of the bent pipe.
In the technical scheme, the length of the tungsten wire is 2-5cm, and the diameter of the tungsten wire is 2-5 microns.
The invention also aims to provide a simulation test device based on the method, which comprises a bent pipe bracket, a rotating disc, an airflow baffle, a wind tunnel, a tungsten wire, a resistor and a galvanometer;
the device comprises a wind tunnel, a bent pipe support and a clamping device, wherein a plurality of bent pipe clamping stations are arranged on the bent pipe support, a bent pipe is arranged on the bent pipe clamping stations through the clamping device and used for adjusting the position of the bent pipe on the bent pipe support during measurement, and the bent pipe support is arranged in the wind tunnel;
the rotating disc is arranged at the lower part of the elbow support;
the airflow baffle is installed in the wind tunnel for measurement so as to enable the airflow to be in a required state.
The tungsten filament is arranged at the head of the elbow, and the tungsten filament is electrically connected with the resistor and the galvanometer.
In the above technical scheme, the elbow support is arc-shaped.
In the technical scheme, the number of the elbow clamping stations is 3-5.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the method can measure the change condition of the flow field near the elbow, and master the influence of different positions and air flows on the change condition of the air flows when the shape and the size of the elbow are different, thereby providing a basis for the control, optimization and design of the temperature field near the elbow.
2. The simulation test device can simulate the change conditions of different characteristic flow fields in the wind tunnel, obtains the indicating number of the galvanometer through the matching of the tungsten wire, the resistor and the galvanometer, and draws a calibration curve of the wind speed-the indicating number of the galvanometer, thereby facilitating the comparison and analysis of the measured values of the test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a simulation test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the tungsten wire and the galvanometer in the present invention.
In the figure:
1. tungsten filament 2, resistor 3, galvanometer
4. Bent pipe support 5, bent pipe 6 and rotary disc
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
As shown in the figure, the method for measuring the influence degree of the elbow on different characteristic flow fields comprises the following steps:
(1) installing the elbow on an elbow support, fixing the elbow support in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speeds to be 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s respectively, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head part of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip part of the head part of the elbow, calculating a first vortex value, and calculating by the following formula:
wherein omega is the amount of vorticity,
is the wind speed;
(2) starting a rotating disc arranged below the elbow support, adjusting the rotating frequency of the rotating disc to be 3Hz, 50Hz and 100Hz, starting a wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed to be 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the head of the elbow, and calculating a second vortex value;
(3) installing an airflow baffle in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speeds to be 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip part of the head of the bent pipe, and calculating a third vortex value;
(4) adjusting the installation position of the elbow on the elbow support, and repeating the steps (1) to (3) to perform the test;
(5) adhering a tungsten wire to the head of the bent tube, wherein the tungsten wire is respectively connected with a resistor (the resistance value is 50 omega) and a galvanometer;
(6) installing the bent pipe adhered with the tungsten wire in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed to 200m/s, 500m/s and 860m/s, measuring the wind speed at the bent pipe provided with the tungsten wire, recording the galvanometer readings, and drawing a calibration curve of the wind speed-the galvanometer readings according to the measured wind speed at the bent pipe provided with the tungsten wire and the galvanometer readings;
(7) loading the bent pipe with the tungsten wire in the step (6) into a flow field, connecting the tungsten wire with a galvanometer, adjusting the airflow flow rates to be 20g/h, 50g/h and 100g/h, adjusting the airflow pressures to be 100hPa, 1000pa and 31920pa respectively, stably operating for 4 hours, measuring the power consumption of the bent pipe, and recording the indicating number of the galvanometer;
(8) repeating the step (7), respectively adjusting the airflow flow and the airflow pressure to obtain a relationship of the airflow flow-the airflow pressure-the galvanometer, comparing the relationship with the calibration curve (the relationship of the wind speed-the galvanometer) obtained in the step (6) to obtain a relationship of the airflow speed value-the airflow flow pressure, and obtaining a relationship of the airflow speed value-the airflow flow pressure according to the airflow speed value-the first vortex value-the second vortex value-the third vortex value in the wind tunnel, so as to obtain a relationship of the airflow speed value-the airflow flow-the airflow pressure-the head shock wave state-the first vortex value-the second vortex value-the third vortex value in the actual flow field of the elbow;
(9) and (4) repeating the steps (1) to (8) to respectively carry out tests, and respectively calculating to obtain average values of the first vortex value, the second vortex value, the third vortex value and the airflow speed measured value.
Further, a transient schlieren instrument is adopted for shooting a shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe.
Further, PIV or laser Doppler velocimetry is used to measure velocity profiles at different locations near the elbow head.
Further, the length of the tungsten wire was 2cm (determined by the gas flow rate near the elbow and the space inside the machine), and the diameter of the tungsten wire was 5 μm.
Through comparison and analysis of a measured value (namely, the change condition of a flow field near the elbow) in the wind tunnel obtained through tests and a calibration curve, the change conditions of different positions of the elbow, the action of the elbow on the air flow and the influence on the air flow can be mastered, a basis is provided for control, optimization and design of a temperature field near the elbow, and the control is carried out in flow fields with different characteristics.
Example 2
As shown in the figure, the simulation test device for measuring the influence degree of the elbow in different characteristic flow fields comprises an elbow bracket, a rotating disc, an airflow baffle, a wind tunnel, a tungsten wire, a resistor and a galvanometer;
the elbow support is provided with 3 elbow clamping stations, an elbow is installed on the elbow clamping stations through clamping screws, and the elbow support is installed in the wind tunnel;
the rotating disc is arranged at the lower part of the elbow support;
the airflow baffle is arranged in the wind tunnel for measurement so as to enable the airflow to be in a required state;
the tungsten filament is arranged at the head of the elbow, and the tungsten filament is electrically connected with the resistor and the galvanometer.
Further, the elbow bracket is arc-shaped.
Example 3
The method for measuring the influence degree of the elbow on different characteristic flow fields comprises the following steps:
(1) installing the elbow on an elbow support, fixing the elbow support in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the head of the elbow, calculating a first vortex value, and calculating a second vortex value according to the first vortex valueCalculated by the following formula:
wherein omega is the amount of vorticity,
is the wind speed;
(2) starting a rotating disc arranged below the bent pipe support, adjusting the rotating frequency of the rotating disc, starting a wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the head of the bent pipe, and calculating a second vortex value;
(3) installing an airflow baffle in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state diagram of the head of the elbow, measuring the speed distribution of the forward tip of the head of the elbow, and calculating a third vortex value;
(4) adjusting the installation position of the elbow on the elbow support, and repeating the steps (1) to (3) to perform the test;
(5) adhering a tungsten wire to the head of the bent tube, wherein the tungsten wire is respectively connected with a resistor (the resistance value is 50 omega) and a galvanometer;
(6) installing the bent pipe adhered with the tungsten wire in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, measuring the wind speed at the bent pipe provided with the tungsten wire, recording the galvanometer readings, and drawing a calibration curve of the wind speed-the galvanometer readings according to the measured wind speed at the bent pipe provided with the tungsten wire and the galvanometer readings;
(7) the bent pipe with the tungsten wire in the step (6) is installed in a flow field, the bent pipe is the same as the installation position in the step (6), the tungsten wire is connected with a galvanometer, the airflow flow and the airflow pressure are regulated, the bent pipe stably runs for 4 hours, the power consumption of the bent pipe is measured, and the reading of the galvanometer is recorded;
(8) repeating the step (7), respectively adjusting the airflow flow and the airflow pressure to obtain a relationship of the airflow flow-the airflow pressure-the galvanometer, comparing the relationship with the calibration curve (the relationship of the wind speed-the galvanometer) obtained in the step (6) to obtain a relationship of the airflow speed value-the airflow flow pressure, and obtaining a relationship of the airflow speed value-the airflow flow pressure according to the airflow speed value-the first vortex value-the second vortex value-the third vortex value in the wind tunnel, so as to obtain a relationship of the airflow speed value-the airflow flow-the airflow pressure-the head shock wave state-the first vortex value-the second vortex value-the third vortex value in the actual flow field of the elbow;
(9) and (4) repeating the tests in the steps (1) to (8), and respectively calculating to obtain average values of the first vortex value, the second vortex value, the third vortex value and the airflow speed measured value.
Further, the rotation frequencies of the rotating disk were adjusted to 3Hz, 50Hz, and 100 Hz.
Further, the wind speeds in the wind tunnel were adjusted to 200m/s, 500m/s and 860 m/s.
Further, a transient schlieren instrument is adopted for shooting a shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe.
Further, PIV or laser Doppler velocimetry is used to measure velocity profiles at different locations near the elbow head.
Further, the length of the tungsten wire was 5cm, and the diameter of the tungsten wire was 2 μm.
Through comparison and analysis of the measured value of the air speed of the air flow in the wind tunnel (namely, the measured change condition of the flow field near the elbow) obtained through the test and the calibration curve, the change conditions of different positions of the elbow, the action of the air flow and the influence on the air flow can be mastered, a basis is provided for the control, optimization and design of the temperature field near the elbow, and the control is carried out in the flow fields with different characteristics.
Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like, may be used in the embodiments for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" can encompass both an upper and a lower orientation. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for measuring influence degrees of elbow pipes on different characteristic flow fields comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of installing a bent pipe on a bent pipe support, fixing the bent pipe support in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution of different positions near the head of the bent pipe, calculating a corresponding first vortex value according to the wind speed, and calculating by the following formula:
wherein omega is the amount of vorticity,
is the wind speed;
(2) starting a rotating disc below the bent pipe support, adjusting the rotating frequency of the rotating disc, starting a wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution of different positions near the head of the bent pipe, and calculating a corresponding second vortex value according to the wind speed;
(3) installing an airflow baffle in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, shooting a shock wave state picture of the head of the bent pipe, measuring the speed distribution conditions of different positions near the head of the bent pipe, and calculating a corresponding third vortex value according to the wind speed;
(4) adjusting the installation position of the bent pipe on the bent pipe support, and respectively repeating the steps (1) to (3) to perform tests;
(5) adhering a tungsten wire to the head of the bent tube, wherein the tungsten wire is respectively connected with a resistor and a galvanometer;
(6) installing the bent pipe adhered with the tungsten wire in a wind tunnel, starting the wind tunnel, adjusting the wind speed, measuring the wind speed at the bent pipe provided with the tungsten wire, recording the galvanometer readings, and drawing a calibration curve of the wind speed-the galvanometer readings according to the measured wind speed at the bent pipe provided with the tungsten wire and the galvanometer readings;
(7) loading the bent pipe with the tungsten wire in the step (6) into a flow field, wherein the bent pipe is the same as the installation position in the step (6), the tungsten wire is connected with a galvanometer, the airflow flow and the airflow pressure are regulated, the bent pipe stably runs for 3-4 hours, the power consumption of the bent pipe is measured, and the readings of the galvanometer are recorded;
(8) and (3) repeating the step (7), respectively adjusting the airflow flow and the airflow pressure to obtain a relationship of the airflow flow, the airflow pressure and the galvanometer, comparing the relationship with the calibration curve (the relationship of the wind speed and the galvanometer) obtained in the step (6) to obtain a relationship of the airflow speed value and the airflow flow, and obtaining a relationship of the airflow speed value, the airflow flow, the airflow pressure, the head shock wave state, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value of the elbow in the actual flow field according to the airflow speed value, the first vortex value, the second vortex value and the third vortex value in the wind tunnel.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (9) and (4) repeating the steps (1) to (8), and respectively calculating the average values of the first vortex value, the second vortex value, the third vortex value and the airflow speed measured value.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: and (3) adjusting the wind speed range in the wind tunnel to be 5-1000m/s in the steps (1) - (8).
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: in the step (2), the rotating frequency range of the rotating disc is 3-100 Hz.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in the step (7), the flow rate of the airflow is in the range of 10-100g/h, and in the step (7), the pressure of the airflow is in the range of 50pa-400 hPa.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), the position near the head of the pipe bend is an upward tip of the pipe bend or a backward bend of the pipe bend.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: and shooting a shock wave state picture of the bent pipe head by adopting a transient schlieren instrument, and measuring the speed distribution conditions of different positions near the bent pipe head by adopting a PIV or laser Doppler velocimeter.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the length of the tungsten wire is 2-5cm, and the diameter of the tungsten wire is 2-5 microns.
9. A simulation test apparatus based on the method of claim 8, wherein: the device comprises a bent pipe bracket, a rotating disc, an airflow baffle, a wind tunnel, a tungsten wire, a resistor and a galvanometer;
the device comprises a wind tunnel, a bent pipe support and a clamping device, wherein a plurality of bent pipe clamping stations are arranged on the bent pipe support, a bent pipe is arranged on the bent pipe clamping stations through the clamping device and used for adjusting the position of the bent pipe on the bent pipe support during measurement, and the bent pipe support is arranged in the wind tunnel;
the rotating disc is arranged at the lower part of the elbow support;
the airflow baffle is installed in the wind tunnel for measurement so as to enable the airflow to be in a required state.
The tungsten filament is arranged at the head of the elbow, and the tungsten filament is electrically connected with the resistor and the galvanometer.
10. The simulation test apparatus of claim 9, wherein: the bent pipe support is arc-shaped.
11. The simulation test apparatus of claim 10, wherein: the number of the elbow clamping stations is 3-5.
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| Title |
|---|
| 马皓晨: "90°方形弯管内部流场PIV试验", 水利水电科技进展, vol. 33, no. 5, pages 31 - 34 * |
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| CN113432826B (en) | 2024-05-31 |
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