CN113396077A - 用于车辆的动力系以及由动力系组成的车辆 - Google Patents

用于车辆的动力系以及由动力系组成的车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113396077A
CN113396077A CN202080012484.5A CN202080012484A CN113396077A CN 113396077 A CN113396077 A CN 113396077A CN 202080012484 A CN202080012484 A CN 202080012484A CN 113396077 A CN113396077 A CN 113396077A
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China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
transmission
powertrain
propeller shaft
shaft
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Pending
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CN202080012484.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
S·卡尔松
J·福斯贝里
T·勒夫沃尔
C·内斯
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Scania CV AB
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Scania CV AB
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Publication of CN113396077A publication Critical patent/CN113396077A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于车辆(1)的动力系(2)。动力系(2)包括：至少一个推进单元(4)；连接到至少一个推进单元(4)的变速器(6)；连接到变速器(6)的推进器轴(8)，以及后轴(12)的至少一个驱动轴(10)，所述至少一个驱动轴(10)连接到推进器轴(8)，使得推进器轴(8)在变速器(6)与至少一个驱动轴(10)之间延伸。至少一个推进单元(4)在车辆(1)的纵向方向上布置在变速器(6)与后轴(12)之间的位置中。本发明还涉及车辆(1)。

Description

用于车辆的动力系以及由动力系组成的车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据所附权利要求的用于车辆的动力系。本发明还涉及一种根据所附权利要求的车辆。
背景技术
取决于动力系中的推进单元的类型，应将不同类型的燃料或动力供应到推进单元。如果推进单元是电机，则应向电机提供电力。如果推进单元是内燃发动机，则应给内燃发动机供应燃料，例如柴油或汽油。当车辆配备有动力系时，推进单元可包括电机和/或内燃发动机。
如果车辆的燃料或电源较大，则可以扩展车辆的操作范围。燃料存储在能量储存单元中，例如车辆的燃料储罐中。电力存储在车辆的能量储存单元中。能量储存单元布置在车辆上，使得其最终不与车辆上的其它部件冲突。
存在这样的电动车辆，该电动车辆包括在车辆的侧面部分上以及前轮与后轮之间用于能量储存单元的接收部分。
发明内容
仅推进单元是电机的车辆，能量储存单元的存储和能量储存单元的容量对于车辆的操作范围至关重要。大型能量储存单元或若干小型能量储存单元需要车辆中的空间。另外，车辆包括诸如动力系中的轴、框架和部件等的部件，其限制了在车辆上布置大型能量储存单元的可能性。如果推进单元还包括内燃发动机，则需要将燃料额外存储在能量储存单元中，例如燃料储罐中。在朝向车辆后驱动轮的后轴的方向上将常规动力系向后布置在车辆中并不能令人满意地在推进单元的前方产生更多空间。由于动力系的推进器轴的长度将减小到临界长度，并且当将常规动力系向后布置时，连接角将超过正常驱动位置和后轴移动的最大可允许角度，因此将限制动力系前方和前轴后方的空间。
因此，期望将车辆的动力系布置在产生用于容纳能量储存单元的空间的位置。此外，期望将动力系的推进单元布置在允许推进器轴在正常驱动位置和后轴移动中在可允许角度内移动的位置。
因此，本发明的目标是将车辆的动力系布置在为用于容纳能量储存单元产生空间的位置。
本发明的另一目标是将动力系的推进单元布置在允许推进器轴在正常驱动位置和后轴移动中在可允许角度内移动的位置。
本发明的另一目标是将动力系的推进单元布置在允许推进器轴在不同车辆构造的可允许角度内移动的位置。
根据所附权利要求，通过车辆的动力系来实现本文中提及的目标。根据所附权利要求，还通过车辆实现本文中提及的目标。
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种用于车辆的动力系。所述动力系包括：至少一个推进单元；连接到所述至少一个推进单元的变速器；连接到所述变速器的推进器轴；和后轴的至少一个驱动轴，所述至少一个驱动轴连接到所述推进器轴，使得所述推进器轴在所述变速器与所述至少一个驱动轴之间延伸，其中所述至少一个推进单元在所述车辆的纵向方向上布置在所述变速器与所述后轴之间的位置中。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种车辆。所述车辆包括本文公开的动力系。
通过将这种动力系布置在车辆中的某一位置，产生空间以用于容纳能量储存单元以用于车辆中的电力和/或燃料。此外，通过将动力系的这种推进单元布置在车辆中的某一位置，允许推进器轴在正常驱动位置和后轴移动中在可允许角度内移动。
动力系可以仅使用电机作为推进单元。由于产生用于在车辆中容纳能量储存单元的空间，用于推进电机的电力的存储和容量增大了车辆的操作范围。在车辆中所产生的空间可以容纳大型能量储存单元或许多小型能量储存单元。诸如动力系中的轴、框架和部件等的车辆部件将布置在产生的用于能量储存单元的空间之外。如果推进单元还包括内燃发动机，那么可以将用于燃料的能量储存单元容纳在车辆中产生的空间中。动力系的推进器轴的长度将足以用于处理在正常驱动位置和后轴移动中允许的最大角度。另外，对于推进器轴与变速器和驱动轴之间的万向接头，连接角将落入可允许角度内。因此，通过将至少一个推进单元在车辆的纵向方向上布置在变速器与后轴之间的位置中，将在动力系前方产生必要空间。此外，当在朝向车辆的后轴的方向上在车辆中向后布置动力系时，在动力系前方产生的空间将甚至更大。此外，为了实现推进单元的形状因素，其中与推进器轴平行布置的若干内部部件，例如推进单元，减小了单元经度长度，并且在动力系前方提供甚至更多空间。
从以下细节并且通过实施本发明，本发明的其他目标、优点和新颖特征对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。虽然下文描述了本发明，但是应当清楚的是，本发明可以不限于具体描述的细节。本领域的技术人员在获得本文的教导后，将认识到在本发明的范围内的其它领域中的额外应用、修改和并入。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本公开以及本公开的其他目的和优点，下文阐述的详细描述应与附图一起阅读，附图中相同的附图标记表示各图中的类似项目，并且其中：
图1示意性地示出了根据实例的具有动力系的车辆的侧视图；
图2示意性地示出了根据实例的来自动力系的上方的视图；
图3a-3c示意性地示出了根据实例的动力系的侧视图；
图4示意性地示出根据实例的来自动力系的下方的视图；以及
图5示意性地示出了根据实例的沿着图4中的线V-V的截面图。
具体实施方式
根据本公开的动力系可布置在车辆中的某一位置，使得产生空间以用于在车辆中容纳能量储存单元。此外，根据本公开的动力系的推进单元可布置在车辆中的某一位置中，使得允许推进器轴在正常驱动位置和后轴移动中在可允许角度内移动。
根据本公开，提供了一种用于车辆的动力系。所述动力系包括至少一个推进单元、连接到所述至少一个推进单元的变速器、连接到所述变速器的推进器轴和后轴的至少一个驱动轴。所述至少一个驱动轴连接到所述推进器轴，使得所述推进器轴在所述变速器与所述至少一个驱动轴之间延伸。所述至少一个推进单元在车辆的纵向方向上布置在所述变速器与所述后轴之间的位置中。
所述车辆中的动力系从所述推进单元传递动力以驱动所述车辆的轮子。车辆可以是重型车辆，例如，卡车或公共汽车。车辆可替代地是乘用车。车辆可由驾驶员驾驶。车辆可以被远程地操作或自主地操作。驱动轮可以布置在车辆的后部或车辆的前部中。车辆的所有轮子可以是驱动轮。推进单元可包括一台或几台电机。备选地，推进单元可以是内燃发动机。还可以将一个或几个电机与动力系中的内燃发动机组合。此类组合可以允许电机和内燃发动机彼此独立地工作或作为混合驱动器组合工作。
变速器可以为齿轮箱，其包括用于传递扭矩和齿轮比的齿轮。变速器可以为齿轮箱，其包括用于传递扭矩和齿轮比的链或皮带变速器。变速器的齿轮比可以是固定的或可变的。齿轮比可以为1:1。齿轮箱可以是自动或手动变速器。齿轮箱可以是自动手动变速器，例如AMT齿轮箱。
推进器轴被配置成在变速器与后轴的至少一个驱动轴之间传递旋转运动和扭矩。推进器轴以第一端连接到变速器的输出轴，第二端连接到至少一个驱动轴。推进器轴的第二端可经由布置在后轴中的差速齿轮连接到至少一个驱动轴。差速齿轮包括连接到推进器轴的输入轴和两个输出轴，每个输出轴连接到驱动轴。每个驱动轴都连接到驱动轮，以用于驱动车辆。至少一个驱动轴被配置成在推进器轴与驱动轮之间传递旋转运动和扭矩。推进器轴可以具有在与变速器的输出轴的延伸和差速齿轮的输入轴的延伸相同的方向上的延伸。然而，推进器轴可以具有在除变速器的输出轴的延伸和差速齿轮的输入轴的延伸之外的另一方向上的延伸。后轴可以具有从车辆一侧的一个后驱动轮到车辆另一侧上的另一个驱动轮的延伸。所述车辆可包括框架。所述动力系可连接或附接到所述框架。因此，推进单元、变速器和后轴可以连接或附接到框架。所述后轴可以通过悬架连接到所述框架，这允许所述后轴相对于所述框架的延伸在竖直方向上移动。
所述至少一个推进单元在车辆的纵向方向上布置在所述变速器与所述后轴之间的位置中。变速器可为齿轮箱。因此，至少一个推进单元在车辆的纵向方向上布置在齿轮箱与后轴之间的位置中。此外，至少一个推进单元与齿轮箱输出轴和推进器轴平行地定位。在变速器的前方，并且因此在动力系的前方，当至少一个推进单元布置在变速器与后轴之间的位置时，产生空间。车辆的纵向方向的定义是从车辆的前部到车辆的后部的方向。在变速器前方且因此在动力系前方产生的空间可容纳用于储存电力的能量储存单元。所产生的空间可替代地或组合地容纳用于例如柴油或汽油的液体燃料的能量储存单元。
用于容纳能量储存单元的所产生空间增加了用于推进推进单元的电力和/或液体燃料的存储和容量，并且因此增大了车辆的操作范围。在车辆中所产生的空间可以容纳大型能量储存单元或许多小型能量储存单元。
诸如动力系中的轴、框架和部件等的车辆部件将布置在产生的用于能量储存单元的空间之外。因此，通过将至少一个推进单元在车辆的纵向方向上布置在变速器与后轴之间的位置中，将在动力系前方产生必要空间。此外，当在朝向车辆的后轴的方向上在车辆中向后布置动力系时，在动力系前方产生的空间将甚至更大。
根据实例，至少一个推进单元和推进器轴平行地连接到变速器。
变速器的输入轴连接到至少一个推进单元。变速器的输出轴连接到推进器轴。变速器的输入轴和输出轴具有相对于彼此的平行的延伸。变速器的输入轴和输出轴在相同方向上延伸。当变速器被布置在车辆中时，变速器的输入轴和输出轴在朝向车辆的后轴和后部的方向上延伸。将至少一个推进单元和推进器轴平行地连接到变速器将产生紧凑的动力系和变速器前方的较大空间，以用于容纳能量储存单元。推进器轴的轴线可以相对于变速器的输出轴的轴线指向不同的角度。
根据实例，推进器轴的中心轴线相对于推进器轴所连接到的变速器的输出轴的中心轴线成角度延伸。
推进器轴连接到变速器的输出轴。变速器的输入轴和输出轴具有相对于彼此的平行的延伸。然而，取决于车辆配置，推进器轴的中心轴线可以相对于变速器的输出轴的中心轴线成角度延伸。
根据实例，动力系在车辆的纵向方向上从推进器轴与驱动轴之间的连接的轴向延伸对应于推进器轴与变速器在车辆的纵向方向上的共同延伸。
从推进器轴与后轴的驱动轴之间的连接点起，动力系的长度是推进器轴与变速器在车辆的纵向方向上的共同延伸。因此，推进器轴的长度和变速器的长度或纵向包装体积将限定后轴前方的动力系的延伸。短推进器轴和/或短或更紧凑的变速器将在动力系前方产生用于容纳能量储存单元的大空间。
根据实例，变速器在车辆的纵向方向上的轴向延伸小于推进器轴与变速器在车辆的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸的20％。
当变速器具有小于推进器轴与变速器在车辆的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸的20％的轴向延伸、长度或厚度时，实现紧凑的动力系。变速器的有限长度或厚度将限制后轴前方的动力系的延伸。因此，在动力系前方产生用于容纳能量储存单元的大空间。
根据实例，变速器在车辆的纵向方向上的轴向延伸小于推进器轴与变速器在车辆的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸的10％。
当变速器具有小于推进器轴与变速器在车辆的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸的10％的轴向延伸、长度或厚度时，实现紧凑的动力系。变速器的有限长度或厚度将限制后轴前方的动力系的延伸。与轴向延伸小于推进器轴与变速器的共同轴向延伸的20％的变速器相比，具有小于推进器轴与变速器的共同轴向延伸的10％的轴向延伸的变速器可以在动力系前方产生更大的空间。因此，具有小于推进器轴与变速器的共同轴向延伸的10％的轴向延伸的此类变速器将在动力系前方产生甚至更大的空间以用于容纳能量储存单元。
根据实例，至少一个推进单元是电机。
动力系可以仅使用电机作为推进单元。推进单元可包括配备足够扭矩和动力以用于推进车辆的大型电机。替代地，多个推进单元可以布置在动力系中，包括许多小型电机，所述小型电机一起配备有用于推进车辆的足够扭矩和动力。由于能量储存单元的较大容纳容量，用于推进电机的电力的存储和容量将增大车辆的操作范围。
根据实例，所述动力系包括至少两个推进单元，其中所述至少两个推进单元包括至少一个电机和内燃发动机。
电机可以与动力系中的内燃发动机组合。还可以将一个或几个电机与动力系中的内燃发动机组合。此类组合可以允许电机和内燃发动机彼此独立地工作或作为混合驱动器组合工作。电机连接到变速器的第一输入轴，并且内燃发动机连接到变速器的第二输入轴。用于电机和内燃发动机的推进的电力和流体燃料的储存和容量将由于在动力系前方的所产生空间中的能量储存单元的较大容纳容量而增大车辆的操作范围。
根据实例，电机和内燃发动机布置在变速器与后轴之间的位置中并且彼此平行。
电机和内燃发动机在车辆的纵向方向上布置在变速器与后轴之间的位置。在变速器的前方，并且因此在动力系的前方，当电机和内燃发动机布置在变速器与后轴之间的位置时产生空间。变速器前方且因此在动力系前方的所产生空间可容纳用于储存电力和液体燃料(例如柴油或汽油)的能量储存单元。电机连接到变速器的第一输入轴，并且内燃发动机连接到变速器的第二输入轴。变速器的第一输入轴和第二输入轴彼此平行布置，使得它们相对于彼此具有平行的延伸。变速器的第一输入轴和第二输入轴在相同方向上延伸。当变速器被布置在车辆中时，变速器的第一输入轴和第二输入轴在朝向车辆的后轴和后部的方向上。将电机和内燃发动机彼此并联连接将产生紧凑的动力系和在变速器装置前方的大空间以用于容纳能量储存单元。
根据实例，推进器轴借助于万向接头连接到变速器和至少一个驱动轴，使得当后轴在竖直方向上移动时，推进器轴被允许改变其轴向延伸的方向。
动力系的推进器轴的长度将足以用于处理在正常驱动位置和后轴移动中允许的最大角度。另外，在推进器轴与变速器之间以及在推进器轴与驱动轴之间的连接角将落入万向接头的可允许角度内。动力系可以在朝向车辆的后轴的方向上在车辆中向后布置远至推进器轴的长度将足以处理最大可允许角度。尽可能朝向后轴布置动力系将在动力系前方产生甚至更大的空间，用于容纳能量储存单元。
根据实例，推进器轴是伸缩式构造的，当后轴相对于车辆的纵向方向在垂直方向上移动时，允许推进器轴的长度变化。
当后轴相对于车辆的纵向方向在垂直方向上移动并且变速器的位置固定时，后轴与变速器之间的距离将改变。由于推进器轴在第一端连接到变速器并且第二端连接到后轴的驱动轴，因此当后轴相对于车辆的纵向方向在垂直方向上移动时，推进器的长度将借助于伸缩配置而改变。动力系可以在朝向车辆的后轴的方向上向后布置在车辆中远至推进器轴的长度将接受伸缩配置。尽可能朝向后轴布置动力系将在动力系前方产生甚至更大的空间，用于容纳能量储存单元。
根据本公开，提供了一种车辆。所述车辆包括本文公开的动力系。配备有这种动力系的车辆将由于在车辆中的动力系前方产生的空间中的电力和/或燃料的扩展储存容量而具有增大的操作范围。
根据实例，能量储存单元布置在车辆中的动力系前方。取决于推进单元的类型，车辆中动力系的前方的所产生空间将容纳能量储存单元。
现在将根据实例参考附图进一步说明本公开。
图1示意性地示出了根据实例的具有动力系2的车辆1的侧视图。动力系2包括推进单元4、连接到至少一个推进单元4的变速器6和连接到变速器6的推进器轴8以及后轴12的至少一个驱动轴10。至少一个驱动轴10连接到推进器轴8，使得推进器轴8在变速器6与至少一个驱动轴10之间延伸。至少一个推进单元4在车辆1的纵向方向上布置在变速器6与后轴12之间的位置中。能量储存单元14布置在动力系2前方。能量储存单元14连接到推进单元4并将电力传送到推进单元4。多个推进单元4可以串联布置。车辆1包括后驱动轮16和前轮18。
图2示意性地示出了根据实例的来自动力系2的上方的视图。两个推进单元4布置在动力系2中。推进单元4可以是电机，其一起提供用于推进车辆1的扭矩和动力。根据实例，一个推进单元4可以是电机，并且另一个推进单元4可以是内燃发动机。电机和内燃发动机布置在变速器6与后轴12之间的位置中并且彼此平行。变速器6的第一输入轴13连接到一个推进单元4。变速器6的第二输入轴15连接到另一推进单元4。推进器轴8以第一端20连接到变速器6的输出轴22，第二端24连接到后轴12的驱动轴10。推进器轴8的第二端24可经由布置在后轴12中的差速齿轮26连接到驱动轴10。差速齿轮26包括连接到推进器轴8的输入轴28和分别连接到驱动轴10的两个输出轴30。每个驱动轴10连接到驱动轮16，以用于驱动车辆1。能量储存单元14布置在动力系2前方。车辆1的前轮18可借助于连杆机构32操纵。推进单元4和推进器轴8平行地连接到变速器6。动力系2在车辆1的纵向方向上从推进器轴8与驱动轴10之间的连接的轴向延伸对应于推进器轴8与变速器在车辆1的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸。变速器6在车辆1的纵向方向上的轴向延伸小于推进器轴8与变速器6在车辆1的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸的20％。根据另一实例，变速器6在车辆1的纵向方向上的轴向延伸可小于推进器轴8与变速器6在车辆1的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸的10％。
图3a-3c示意性地示出了根据实例的动力系2的侧视图。推进器轴8的长度将处理在正常驱动位置和后轴12的移动中的最大可允许角度。推进器轴8的长度还将处理不同的车辆1高度。推进器轴8与变速器6和驱动轴10之间的连接借助于万向接头34来实现。另外，在推进器轴8与变速器6和驱动轴10之间的角度将落入万向接头34的可允许角度内。在图3a中，动力系2示出为处于正常驱动位置，其中，推进器轴8的延伸、变速器6的输出轴22和差速齿轮26的输入轴28重合且遵循共同线。当车辆1在平滑或均匀的道路36上行驶时，将发生这种正常驾驶位置。在图3b中，动力系2示出为处于驱动位置，其中驱动轮16在道路36中的凸起38或突出物的顶部上。因此，驱动轮16和后轴12已经相对于车辆1的纵向方向在竖直方向上向上移动。在这种情况下，在推进器轴8的延伸、变速器6的输出轴22和差速齿轮26的输入轴28之间将存在角度。当后轴12相对于车辆1的纵向方向在竖直或垂直方向上移动并且变速器6的位置是固定的时，后轴12与变速器6之间的距离将改变。由于推进器轴8在其第一端22处连接到变速器6并且其第二端24连接到后轴12的驱动轴10，因此当后轴12相对于车辆1的纵向方向在垂直方向上移动时，推进器轴8的长度将借助于伸缩配置40来改变。在图3c中，动力系2示出为处于驱动位置，其中驱动轮16在道路中的凹处42中。因此，驱动轮16和后轴12已经相对于车辆1的纵向方向在竖直方向上向下移动。在这种情况下，在推进器轴8的延伸、变速器6的输出轴22和差速齿轮26的输入轴28之间将存在角度。
图4示意性地示出了根据实例的来自动力系2的下方的视图。推进器轴8以第一端20连接到变速器6的输出轴22，第二端连接到后轴12的驱动轴10。推进器轴8的第二端24经由差速齿轮26连接到驱动轴10。差速齿轮26的输入轴28布置在中心线44旁边，所述中心线在驱动轮16之间对称地通过且对称地且纵向地通过车辆1。出于此原因，推进器轴8将在对称地和纵向地通过车辆1的中心线44旁边延伸。变速器6的输入轴13和输出轴22相对于彼此具有平行的延伸。推进器轴8的中心轴线相对于变速器6的输出轴22的中心轴线成角度延伸。
图5示意性地示出了根据实例的沿着图4中的线V-V的截面图。推进器轴8在推进单元4之间通过的对称线46旁边延伸。另外，变速器6的输出轴22以及因此推进器轴8定位成距通过变速器6的输入轴13、15并且因此推进单元4的共同中心线48一距离处。利用此配置，推进单元4可彼此邻近地布置，使得变速器需要车辆1中的更少的空间。
已经出于说明性和描述性目的提供了实施例的前述描述。其并不意图是详尽的，或将实施例限制于所描述的变体。本领域的技术人员显然将明白许多修改和变化。已经选择和描述了实施例，以便最好地阐明原理和实际应用，从而使得本领域技术人员能够根据各种实施例以及适用于其预期用途的各种修改来理解这些实施例。上文指定的部件和特征可以在实施例的框架内在指定的不同实施例之间组合。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于车辆(1)的动力系(2)，所述动力系(2)包括：
至少一个推进单元(4)；
变速器(6)，所述变速器连接到所述至少一个推进单元(4)；
推进器轴(8)，所述推进器轴连接到所述变速器(6)，以及
后轴(12)的至少一个驱动轴(10)，所述至少一个驱动轴(10)连接到所述推进器轴(8)，使得所述推进器轴(8)在所述变速器(6)与所述至少一个驱动轴(10)之间延伸，其中
所述至少一个推进单元(4)在所述车辆(1)的纵向方向上布置在所述变速器(6)与所述后轴(12)之间的位置，
其特征在于，所述动力系(2)在所述车辆(1)的纵向方向上从所述推进器轴(8)与所述驱动轴(10)之间的连接的轴向延伸对应于所述推进器轴(8)和所述变速器(6)在所述车辆(1)的纵向方向上的共同延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力系(2)，其中所述至少一个推进单元(4)和所述推进器轴(8)平行地连接到所述变速器(6)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力系(2)，其中所述推进器轴(8)的中心轴线相对于所述推进器轴(8)所连接到的所述变速器(6)的输出轴(22)的中心轴线成角度延伸。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力系(2)，其中所述变速器(6)在所述车辆(1)的纵向方向上的轴向延伸小于所述推进器轴(8)和所述变速器(6)在所述车辆(1)的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸的20％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的动力系(2)，其中所述变速器(6)在所述车辆(1)的纵向方向上的轴向延伸小于所述推进器轴(8)和所述变速器(6)在所述车辆(1)的纵向方向上的共同轴向延伸的10％。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力系(2)，其中所述至少一个推进单元(4)是电机。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力系(2)，其中所述动力系(2)包括至少两个推进单元(4)，其中所述至少两个推进单元(4)包括至少一个电机和内燃发动机。
8.根据权利要求7所述的动力系(2)，其中所述电机和所述内燃发动机布置在所述变速器(6)与所述后轴(12)之间的位置中并且彼此平行。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力系(2)，其中所述推进器轴(8)借助于万向接头(34)连接到所述变速器(6)和所述至少一个驱动轴(10)，使得当所述后轴(12)在竖直方向上移动时，允许所述推进器轴(8)改变所述推进器轴的轴向延伸方向。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力系(2)，其中所述推进器轴(8)是伸缩式构造的，从而当所述后轴(12)相对于所述车辆(1)的所述纵向方向在垂直方向上移动时，允许所述推进器轴(8)的长度变化。
11.一种车辆(1)，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力系(2)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车辆(1)，其中能量储存单元(14)布置在所述车辆(1)中的所述动力系(2)的前方。
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