CN113357936A - 换热器和用于运行换热器的方法 - Google Patents

换热器和用于运行换热器的方法 Download PDF

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CN113357936A
CN113357936A CN202110233654.9A CN202110233654A CN113357936A CN 113357936 A CN113357936 A CN 113357936A CN 202110233654 A CN202110233654 A CN 202110233654A CN 113357936 A CN113357936 A CN 113357936A
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heat exchanger
coolant
flow
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CN113357936B (zh
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约尔格·马丁尼
克里斯托夫·保尔斯
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Hanon Systems Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/24—Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
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    • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B60K11/04—Arrangement or mounting of radiators, radiator shutters, or radiator blinds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
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    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
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    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/044—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being pontual, e.g. dimples
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/102—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with change of flow direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

一种换热器，其具有用于冷却剂的流动通道，所述流动通道具有湍流元件，所述湍流元件根据流动方向具有不同的流动阻力，其中冷却剂流能够沿不同的方向(A、B、C)引导穿过换热器。在用于运行换热器的方法的过程中，所述换热器沿着不同的方向被穿流。

Description

换热器和用于运行换热器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换热器，尤其用于在汽车中用于冷却冷却剂的换热器，以及本发明涉及一种用于运行换热器的方法。
背景技术
换热器尤其在汽车中在车辆的前部区域中使用，以便借助于穿流的空气来冷却冷却剂。因此，借助于在其之间接入的热泵和独立的回路来确保车辆内部空间的冷却。在电动或混合动力车辆中，能够附加地对电池进行冷却。在这种情况下，可能出现下述情况：需在特定的运行状态中加热电池，使得所述冷却剂受提取在其之间接入的热泵中的热能所决定必须以极低的温度穿过换热器。在这种情况下，冷却剂在换热器中必须吸收热能，这由于伴随其出现的高粘度是相对低效的。这由于湍流元件是尤其适用的，所述湍流元件存在于在换热器中为冷却剂设置的流动通道中，以便提高湍流。这在冷却剂的能够达到135℃的相对高的温度中可能是有利的，然而，其对于能够达到-30℃的相对低的冷却剂温度是不利的。
发明内容
在该背景下，本发明所基于的目的是，实现一种可在宽的温度范围内有效运行的换热器以及一种用于运行所述换热器的方法。
该目的的解决方案首先通过根据本发明的换热器来实现。
因此，所述换热器具有用于冷却剂的流动通道，所述流动通道具有湍流元件，所述湍流元件根据流动方向具有不同的流动阻力。根据本发明，冷却剂流可沿不同的方向引导穿过换热器。因此，能够通过改变流动方向基本上改变湍流的产生，并且尤其能够适配于冷却剂的在特定的时间点存在的粘度。
换言之，如下文更详细地描述的那样，采取预防措施，以便使冷却剂在粘度相对高时引导穿过换热器的流动通道，使得存在相对低的流动阻力。此外，伴随其发生的湍流减少以有利的方式引起：为此使用的泵的压力损失和能量消耗保持得低。与此相反，冷却剂在粘度相对低的情况下引导穿过流动通道，使得产生大范围的湍流，并且改进了热传输。
在这种情况下，如同样在下文更详细地详述的那样，将湍流元件理解为在冷却剂中产生湍流的元件或结构。原则上可考虑的是，在换热器中设有可移动的元件，使得所述湍流元件相对于流的定向发生变化，以至于换言之冷却剂可沿着相对于湍流元件的不同的方向引导穿过换热器。如在下文中更详细详述的那样，然而优选地，在换热器内部避免可移动的元件，并且基本上通过在换热器外进行的措施来改变流动方向。
在下文中描述了本发明的优选的改进方案。
在俯视图中，湍流元件例如能够是水滴形或三角形的。在此，在基本上以堆叠的板与位于其间的用于冷却剂或冷却空气的通道的形式构成的换热器中能够使用所谓的“人字形”板。
替选于此，在特定的应用情况下，波形的湍流元件是有利的，所述湍流元件尤其能够构成为肋片或薄片。在这种情况下，波能够相对圆并且相对有角地设计。换言之，在能够具有面状延伸部和一定高度的流动通道中，弯曲成波形的一个或多个金属板条设置在限定高度的板之间，并且优选在一侧或两侧上与所述板连接，例如钎焊。
多个彼此错开的波形肋片被证明是特别有利的。在这种情况下设有多个相对窄的金属板条，所述金属板条彼此错开，使得波峰例如彼此错开半个波长。
为了改变所述流动方向有利的是，设有至少两个入口和/或出口，以便能够通过适宜的措施在入口和/或出口之间切换，进而实现不同的流动方向。
尤其在这一点中，此外优选的是在根据本发明的换热器上的至少一个阀。因此，根据一个特别优选的措施在两个入口和/或出口之间无级地切换，使得同样可无级地调节占主导的流动方向。替选地或附加地，阀能够设置为，使得所述流动方向能够在各一个现有的入口和出口之间反转。在特定的应用情况下，该措施能够在两个入口和/或出口的情况中进行。
基本上，替选于具有至少两个入口和/或出口的前述设计方案，可考虑如下实施形式，其中根据本发明的换热器与泵组合，所述泵可沿两个方向运行。因此，在仅存在各一个入口和出口的情况下，冷却剂能够沿两个不同的方向引导穿过换热器，其方式为：入口变为出口，而出口变为入口。
另一方面，通过一种用于运行换热器的方法来实现上述目的，其中冷却剂沿不同的方向引导穿过换热器。根据换热器的上述优选的实施形式，能够以有利的方式进行对流动方向的无级调节。优选地，替选于此能够沿两个方向运行泵。要提到的是，换热器的在上文和下文中提及的所有特征都可应用于根据本发明的方法，并且反之亦然。
附图说明
下面根据优选的实施例并且参考附图详细阐述本发明。附图示出：
图1示出在汽车中的冷和热回路的基本构造；
图2示出根据本发明的换热器在汽车中的典型布置；
图3以俯视图示意性地示出换热器；
图4以侧视图示意性地示出换热器；
图5示出具有第一穿流方向的换热器的示意性立体图；
图6示出具有第二穿流方向的换热器的示意性立体图；
图7示出换热器的板的俯视图；
图8示出在图7中示出的板的细节；
图9示出在另一实施形式中的根据图7的板的俯视图；和
图10示出根据本发明的换热器的替选的板。
具体实施方式
如在图1中所示出的那样，在汽车中通常借助于空调***10来冷却或加热车辆的内部空间12。在电动汽车或混合动力汽车的情况下，能够附加地冷却或加热电池。在空调***10和根据运行状态设置用于吸热或释放热能到周围环境中的换热器14之间接入热泵16，所述热泵通过适宜的回路18或20与换热器14或空调***10连接。
在图2中示出换热器14在汽车22中的典型位置。该位置通常位于车辆的前部区域中，使得如果冷却剂具有更低的温度，那么即使例如在直至负数的相对低的环境温度中也能够吸收热量。
图3示意性地示出换热器14的俯视图，从中看到，换热器通常是横流式换热器，其中空气的流动方向24基本上垂直于冷却剂的流动方向26。
如在图4的补充性的侧视图中可看到的那样，根据图4垂直于绘图平面延伸的用于空气的流动通道能够具有波形肋片28以改进热传输。如同样在图4中可看到的那样，用于空气的流动通道与用于冷却剂的流动通道30堆叠在一起并且基本上通过板来限界。
如下面更详细地参考图10所描述的那样，用于冷却剂的流动通道基本上在两个分配器之间伸展，所述冷却剂首先流入所述分配器中，或者所述冷却剂在穿流流动通道30之后从所述分配器中流出。
如在图5中可看到的那样，以立体图示出的、根据本发明的并且在这种情况下是立方体的换热器14能够具有两个入口32.1、32.2和两个出口34.1和34.2。与此相应地，这种换热器14通常在所有四个侧上具有分配器。
如现在在图5中所示出的那样，第一流动方向从第一入口32.1延伸到第一出口34.1。为此，如在图5的上部区域中可看到的那样，冷却剂通过例如钎焊的阀36从输入管路38穿过适宜的管路引导至入口32.1，并且来自出口34.1的冷却剂通过另一适宜的管路引导至导出管路40并且通过该导出管路导出。
这等同地适用于在图6中所示出的情况。然而，在此，阀36被连接成，使得冷却剂引导至第二入口32.2并且通过第二出口34.再次2导出。据此，这两个流动方向，如更准确地在图9中可看到的那样，基本上彼此垂直。此外，通过适宜地切换阀36来无级地分配到这两个入口32上，能够调节相应流入的冷却剂量，使得在两个在图9中绘制的流动方向A、B之间的任意的方向C能够在换热器中在第一入口和出口和第二入口和出口之间设定。要补充提及的是，如果所述换热器14在俯视图中不像所示出的那样是矩形的，尤其是正方形的，而是基本上三角形地设计并且具有两个入口或两个出口，那么能够实现类似的效果。即使在这种情况下，也能够以所描述的方式在这两个入口或出口之间进行分配，并且能够基本上无级地调节所述流动方向。
在图7中示出仅一个流动方向，然而该流动方向是可反转的，并且从图8中在详细视图中产生具有彼此错开的浪形的肋片38的设计方案，所述肋片在所示出的情况下相对有角地设计。如果换热器根据在图7中的箭头，即关于图8从左下向右上被穿流，那么产生相对低的流动阻力。与此相反，在根据图8从右下向左上穿流或者相反的情况下，产生明显更高的流动阻力。
最后提及的情况对应于在图9中所示出的从左向右穿流的情况，即从第一入口32.1朝向第一出口34.1并且沿着箭头A。垂直于此，基本上沿着箭头B，并且从第二入口32.2朝向第二出口34.2，产生明显更低的流动阻力。如通过箭头C所表明的那样，由于存在肋片38，通过将冷却剂分配到这两个入口32上能够以任意的方式示出具有相应设定的流动阻力的“倾斜的”流动方向。
在图10中示意性地示出替选的板40，所述板能够在根据本发明的换热器14中使用并且被称为“人字形”板。该板基本上具有呈大量凹口或凸起、即所谓的小坑形式的湍流元件，所述湍流元件由于其水滴形或三角形形状，如在图10中可看到的那样，根据流动方向具有不同的流动阻力。尤其，所述流动阻力在所示出的情况下在从下向上穿流时比在相反的流动方向的情况下的流动阻力低。在这种情况下，如果可将类似于在图5和图6中所示出的阀切换为，使得所述阀将流动方向反转，那么能够通过所述阀来确保所述流动方向。替选地，这能够通过适宜的泵来进行。
在图10中，在入口32和出口34的区域中可看到到条状的边缘区域，所述边缘区域不具有湍流元件42。这些边缘区域对应于上文提及的流分配器，使得多个流动通道能够沿着期望的方向在板之间，如在图7、9和10中示出的那样被穿流。
要补充提及的是，根据本发明的换热器也能够被制冷剂穿流。

Claims (10)

1.一种换热器(14)，所述换热器具有用于冷却剂的流动通道(30)，所述流动通道具有湍流元件(38、42)，所述湍流元件根据流动方向具有不同的流动阻力，其中所述冷却剂流能够沿着不同的方向(A、B、C)被引导穿过所述换热器(14)。
2.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的换热器(14)，其特征在于，所述湍流元件(42)是水滴形或三角形的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的换热器(14)，其特征在于，所述湍流元件是波形的肋片(38)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的换热器(14)，其特征在于，多个波形的肋片(38)彼此错开地设置。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的换热器(14)，其特征在于，所述换热器(14)具有至少两个入口(32)和/或出口(34)。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的换热器(14)，其特征在于，所述换热器(14)具有至少一个阀(36)。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的换热器(14)，其特征在于，所述换热器(14)与泵组合，所述泵能够沿着两个方向运行。
8.一种用于运行换热器(14)的方法，其中所述冷却剂能够沿着不同的方向引导穿过流动通道(30)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，能够无级地调节所述流动方向。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，泵能够沿着不同的方向运行。
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