CN113354426A - 一种免烧镁钙碳砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种免烧镁钙碳砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113354426A
CN113354426A CN202110762873.6A CN202110762873A CN113354426A CN 113354426 A CN113354426 A CN 113354426A CN 202110762873 A CN202110762873 A CN 202110762873A CN 113354426 A CN113354426 A CN 113354426A
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calcium
magnesia
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梁春莲
李高平
申向利
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Shanxi Luweibao Taigang Refractories Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种免烧镁钙碳砖,包括以下重量份的原料:镁钙砂60‑100份、电熔镁砂20‑40份、鳞片石墨5‑10份、氧化锆微粉3‑8份、碳化硅微粉3‑8份、酚醛树脂2‑5份和改性沥青2‑5份;制备方法:(1)称取各原料;(2)先将镁钙砂、电熔镁砂和氧化锆微粉干混,然后加入酚醛树脂和改性沥青湿混,再加入鳞片石墨混料,最后加入碳化硅微粉混料;(3)倒入模具,加压成坯,烘烤;(4)沾石蜡,采用双层塑封包装,即得。本发明制备得到的免烧镁钙碳砖体积密度大,强度高,且不易水化、开裂,抗侵蚀能力强,高温稳定性好,使用时不易出现剥落现象,使用寿命高,能适用于不锈钢、特钢等高级钢的钢包中。

Description

一种免烧镁钙碳砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一种免烧镁钙碳砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
免烧镁钙碳砖是以MgO、CaO和C为主要成分,经高压压制,电加热烘干而成的碱性耐火材料,具有优良的抗渣侵蚀性、熔渣渗透性、热震稳定性和导热性。
目前,免烧镁钙碳砖广泛应用于不锈钢精炼VOD炉、AOD炉和LF炉上,具备广阔的市场前景,对我国钢铁企业的技术进步将起到巨大的推动作用。但是AOD炉用免烧镁钙碳砖的蚀损主要是硅酸盐液相的溶解和渗透作用,而VOD钢包用免烧镁钙碳砖在使用过程中同时承受诸多化学介质和机械作用力的侵蚀作用,导致砖体开裂、变形,直至砖体脱落;同时由于镁钙系耐火材料易水化的特性,成为镁钙系耐火材料推广的一个重要问题。
因此,如何提供一种化学性能稳定、机械性能优良、不易水化的免烧镁钙碳砖是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种免烧镁钙碳砖及其制备方法,以解决现有技术中的不足。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种免烧镁钙碳砖,包括以下重量份的原料:镁钙砂60-100份、电熔镁砂20-40份、鳞片石墨5-10份、氧化锆微粉3-8份、碳化硅微粉3-8份、酚醛树脂2-5份和改性沥青2-5份;
优选为:镁钙砂80份、电熔镁砂30份、鳞片石墨8份、氧化锆微粉5份、碳化硅微粉5份、酚醛树脂3份和改性沥青3份。
本发明中,镁钙砂(deadburned high-calcium magne-site)是一种镁钙质耐火原料,亦称高钙镁砂,用于制造镁钙砖。随着煅烧温度的提高,可使C4AF分布在方镁石晶粒之间逐渐集聚到方镁石晶粒夹角空隙处,致使砖的高温强度提高。
电熔镁砂是由菱镁矿、水镁矿或从海水中提取的氢氧化镁经电熔处理得到的碱性耐火原料,纯度高,抗水化能力强,结晶粒大,结构致密,抗渣性强材料,热震稳定性好,是一种优良的高温电气绝缘材料。
鳞片石墨是天然显晶质石墨,其形似鱼磷状,属六方晶系,呈层状结构,具有良好的耐高温、导电、导热、润滑、可塑及耐酸碱等性能。
氧化锆微粉化学性质不活泼,且具有高熔点、高电阻率、高折射率和低热膨胀系数的性质,使它成为重要的耐高温材料、陶瓷绝缘材料和陶瓷遮光剂,亦是人工钻的主要原料。本发明通过加入氧化锆微粉,能够在高温下与活性较高的游离氧化钙发生反应形成锆酸钙固溶体,原位生成的锆酸钙包围着氧化钙,降低水蒸气与氧化钙接触的几率,避免钢包倒运过程中,镁钙碳砖的热端与空气中的水蒸气发生反应,减少了镁钙碳砖在钢包使用过程中的剥落次数。
碳化硅微粉是用石英砂、石油焦(或煤焦)、木屑(生产绿色碳化硅时需要加食盐)等原料通过电阻炉高温冶炼而成,具有耐腐蚀、耐高温、强度大、导热性能良好和抗冲击等特性。
酚醛树脂具有良好的耐酸性能、力学性能、耐热性能,即使在非常高的温度下,也能保持其结构的整体性和尺寸的稳定性。
改性沥青是掺加橡胶、树脂、高分子聚合物、磨细的橡胶粉或其他填料等外掺剂(改性剂),或采取对沥青轻度氧化加工等措施,使沥青或沥青混合料的性能得以改善制成的沥青结合料,粘合性强,且价格低廉。
进一步,上述镁钙砂包括粒径为4-7mm的镁钙砂10-20份、粒径为1-4mm的镁钙砂30-50份和粒径<1mm的镁钙砂20-30份。
进一步,上述电熔镁砂包括粒径为0.5-5mm的电熔镁砂10-20份和粒径<0.5mm的电熔镁砂10-20份。
进一步,上述鳞片石墨的粒径为0.06-0.08mm。
进一步,上述氧化锆微粉的粒径为0.03-0.05mm。
进一步,上述碳化硅微粉的粒径为0.005-0.01mm。
进一步,上述酚醛树脂的粘度为8000-10000mPa·s;改性沥青的粘度为40000-50000mPa·s。
一种免烧镁钙碳砖的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述免烧镁钙碳砖的重量份数称取各原料;
(2)先将镁钙砂、电熔镁砂和氧化锆微粉干混,然后加入酚醛树脂和改性沥青湿混,再加入鳞片石墨混料,最后加入碳化硅微粉混料,得到混合物;
(3)将混合物倒入模具,加压成坯,烘烤,得到半成品;
(4)在半成品表面沾上一层石蜡,采用双层塑封包装,即得免烧镁钙碳砖成品。
进一步,上述步骤(2)中,干混的搅拌速度为150-200r/min,时间为1-3min;所述湿混的搅拌速度为200-250r/min,时间为2-3min;所述混料的搅拌速度为250-300r/min,时间为2-4min。
进一步,上述步骤(3)中,烘烤的温度为230-260℃,时间为7-10h。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明经过合理的配料和科学的处理工艺,制备得到的免烧镁钙碳砖体积密度大,强度高,且不易水化、开裂,抗侵蚀能力强,高温稳定性好,使用时不易出现剥落现象,使用寿命高,能适用于不锈钢、特钢等高级钢的钢包中。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例中,
实施例1
免烧镁钙碳砖,包括以下重量的原料:粒径为4-7mm的镁钙砂10kg、粒径为1-4mm的镁钙砂30kg和粒径<1mm的镁钙砂20kg、粒径为0.5-5mm的电熔镁砂10kg和粒径<0.5mm的电熔镁砂10kg、粒径为0.06-0.08mm的鳞片石墨5kg、粒径为0.03-0.05mm的氧化锆微粉8kg、粒径为0.005-0.01mm的碳化硅微粉8kg、粘度为8000mPa·s的酚醛树脂5kg和粘度为40000mPa·s的改性沥青5kg;
上述免烧镁钙碳砖的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述免烧镁钙碳砖的重量称取各原料;
(2)先将镁钙砂、电熔镁砂和碳化硅微粉以150r/min的搅拌速度干混3min,然后加入酚醛树脂和改性沥青以200r/min的搅拌速度湿混3min,再加入鳞片石墨以250r/min的搅拌速度混料4min,最后加入碳化硅微粉以250r/min的搅拌速度混料4min,得到混合物;
(3)将混合物倒入模具,加压成坯,在230℃温度的干燥窑中烘烤10h,得到半成品;
(4)在半成品表面沾上一层石蜡,采用双层塑封包装,即得免烧镁钙碳砖成品。
实施例2
免烧镁钙碳砖,包括以下重量的原料:粒径为4-7mm的镁钙砂15kg、粒径为1-4mm的镁钙砂40kg和粒径<1mm的镁钙砂25kg、粒径为0.5-5mm的电熔镁砂15kg和粒径<0.5mm的电熔镁砂15kg、粒径为0.06-0.08mm的鳞片石墨8kg、粒径为0.03-0.05mm的氧化锆微粉5kg、粒径为0.005-0.01mm的碳化硅微粉5kg、粘度为9000mPa·s的酚醛树脂3kg和粘度为45000mPa·s的改性沥青3kg;
上述免烧镁钙碳砖的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述免烧镁钙碳砖的重量称取各原料;
(2)先将镁钙砂、电熔镁砂、氧化锆微粉和碳化硅微粉以180r/min的搅拌速度干混2min,然后加入酚醛树脂和改性沥青以220r/min的搅拌速度湿混3min,再加入鳞片石墨以280r/min的搅拌速度混料3min,最后加入碳化硅微粉以280r/min的搅拌速度混料3min,得到混合物;
(3)将混合物倒入模具,加压成坯,在250℃温度的干燥窑中烘烤8h,得到半成品;
(4)在半成品表面沾上一层石蜡,采用双层塑封包装,即得免烧镁钙碳砖成品。
实施例3
免烧镁钙碳砖,包括以下重量的原料:粒径为4-7mm的镁钙砂20kg、粒径为1-4mm的镁钙砂50kg和粒径<1mm的镁钙砂30kg、粒径为0.5-5mm的电熔镁砂20kg和粒径<0.5mm的电熔镁砂20kg、粒径为0.06-0.08mm的鳞片石墨10kg、粒径为0.03-0.05mm的氧化锆微粉3kg、粒径为0.005-0.01mm的碳化硅微粉3kg、粘度为10000mPa·s的酚醛树脂2kg和粘度为50000mPa·s的改性沥青2kg;
上述免烧镁钙碳砖的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述免烧镁钙碳砖的重量称取各原料;
(2)先将镁钙砂、电熔镁砂、氧化锆微粉和碳化硅微粉以200r/min的搅拌速度干混1min,然后加入酚醛树脂和改性沥青以250r/min的搅拌速度湿混2min,再加入鳞片石墨以300r/min的搅拌速度混料2min,最后加入碳化硅微粉以300r/min的搅拌速度混料2min,得到混合物;
(3)将混合物倒入模具,加压成坯,在260℃温度的干燥窑中烘烤7h,得到半成品;
(4)在半成品表面沾上一层石蜡,采用双层塑封包装,即得免烧镁钙碳砖成品。
对比例
免烧镁钙碳砖,与实施例2的区别仅在于,不含氧化锆微粉和碳化硅微粉。
性能测试
各取实施例1-3和对比例制得的免烧镁钙碳砖,分别测试其MgO含量、CaO含量、C含量、耐压强度、显气孔率、体积密度和高温抗折强度。
结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1-3和对比例免烧镁钙碳砖性能测试结果
测试项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例
MgO含量/% 56.4 58.9 60.2 59.3
CaO含量/% 30.2 31.6 32.8 32.2
C含量/% 4.3 4.5 5.1 4.8
耐压强度/MPa 64.5 65.8 65.2 37.5
显气孔率/% 2.8 2.5 2.6 4.8
体积密度/g·cm<sup>-3</sup> 2.98 3.03 3.01 2.90
高温抗折强度/MPa 8.2 8.8 8.5 5.0
由表1可知,与对比例相比,本发明实施例1-3制得的免烧镁钙碳砖的耐压强度、显气孔率、体积密度和高温抗折强度均显著提高。
以上试验说明,本发明经过合理的配料和科学的处理工艺,制备得到的免烧镁钙碳砖体积密度大,强度高,且不易水化、开裂,抗侵蚀能力强,高温稳定性好,使用时不易出现剥落现象,使用寿命高,能适用于不锈钢、特钢等高级钢的钢包中。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种免烧镁钙碳砖,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:镁钙砂60-100份、电熔镁砂20-40份、鳞片石墨5-10份、氧化锆微粉3-8份、碳化硅微粉3-8份、酚醛树脂2-5份和改性沥青2-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种免烧镁钙碳砖,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:镁钙砂80份、电熔镁砂30份、鳞片石墨8份、氧化锆微粉5份、碳化硅微粉5份、酚醛树脂3份和改性沥青3份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种免烧镁钙碳砖,其特征在于,所述镁钙砂包括粒径为4-7mm的镁钙砂10-20份、粒径为1-4mm的镁钙砂30-50份和粒径<1mm的镁钙砂20-30份。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种免烧镁钙碳砖,其特征在于,所述电熔镁砂包括粒径为0.5-5mm的电熔镁砂10-20份和粒径<0.5mm的电熔镁砂10-20份。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种免烧镁钙碳砖,其特征在于,所述鳞片石墨的粒径为0.06-0.08mm。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种免烧镁钙碳砖,其特征在于,所述氧化锆微粉的粒径为0.03-0.05mm。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种免烧镁钙碳砖,其特征在于,所述碳化硅微粉的粒径为0.005-0.01mm。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种免烧镁钙碳砖,其特征在于,所述酚醛树脂的粘度为8000-10000mPa·s;所述改性沥青的粘度为40000-50000mPa·s。
9.一种免烧镁钙碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按权利要求1-8任一项所述免烧镁钙碳砖的重量份数称取各原料;
(2)先将镁钙砂、电熔镁砂和氧化锆微粉干混,然后加入酚醛树脂和改性沥青湿混,再加入鳞片石墨混料,最后加入碳化硅微粉混料,得到混合物;
(3)将混合物倒入模具,加压成坯,烘烤,得到半成品;
(4)在半成品表面沾上一层石蜡,采用双层塑封包装,即得所述免烧镁钙碳砖成品。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种免烧镁钙碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述干混的搅拌速度为150-200r/min,时间为1-3min;所述湿混的搅拌速度为200-250r/min,时间为2-3min;所述混料的搅拌速度为250-300r/min,时间为2-4min;
步骤(3)中,所述烘烤的温度为230-260℃,时间为7-10h。
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