CN113349122A

CN113349122A - Method for high yield of pond mixed culture of red shell clams and exopalaemon carinicauda

Info

Publication number: CN113349122A
Application number: CN202110718864.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴杨平; 陈爱华; 曹奕; 张雨; 陈素华; 张志东
Original assignee: JIANGSU MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Current assignee: JIANGSU MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2021-06-28
Filing date: 2021-06-28
Publication date: 2021-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-28
Also published as: CN113349122B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for high yield of pond mixed culture of red shell clams and exopalaemon carinicauda. The method comprises the following steps: a deep water tank and a peripheral platform are excavated in the middle of the pond, and the pond stores water normally; after disinfection, maintaining water quality, and fertilizing water at the initial stage; seeding of the red shell color clams in 3 months; the water is mainly fertilized in the last 5 th month, and the palaemon carinicauda parent shrimps are put in the last 5 th month to the last 6 th month; and (3) before the first shrimp larvae grow to 2.5cm in the year, the aquatic water body is made to stably present yellow green or yellow brown by mainly regulating the algae phase of the water body, the granulated feed is fed after the shrimp larvae grow to 2.5 cm-3 cm, and the feeding is strengthened in 9-10 months. The method realizes win-win culture of the clams and the palaemon carinicauda by setting the pond stocking sequence and time of the clams and the palaemon carinicauda and utilizing ecological niche complementation, close match among varieties and culture management operation of key nodes, thereby achieving the purpose of high yield.

Description

Method for high yield of pond mixed culture of red shell clams and exopalaemon carinicauda

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for high yield of pond mixed culture of red shell clams and exopalaemon carinicauda.

Background

The scale of artificial culture of the Exopalaemon carinicauda Holthus in China exceeds 30 ten thousand mu, the Exopalaemon carinicauda Holthus becomes a main characteristic variety of pond culture in coastal mudflat areas, the Exopalaemon carinicauda is an important economic shrimp of pond culture in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces, and the mixed culture of the Exopalaemon carinicauda and the portunus trituberculatus is the most common 'east-initiating mode'. Since the nineties of the last century, the mixed culture of the palaemon carinicauda and the portunus trituberculatus has been developed for more than twenty years, the average yield per mu of the palaemon carinicauda in the best period is 480 jin, the average yield per mu of the portunus trituberculatus is 50 jin once, and the average yield per mu is 250 jin and 20 jin even less, and the high input and high yield of the mode has accumulated a lot of defects for the industrial development. For example, in pursuit of high yield, the eutrophication of aquaculture water is caused by the input of excessive pellet feed, particularly chilled feed, and the N, P index is high. As the country continuously strengthens the green development of aquaculture, relevant policy and regulations are continuously issued, and some unreasonable operations are in contact with the red line. Moreover, although pond dredging is regarded as important, the pond is dug deeper and deeper, sections of pond renting are driven to climb due to high income, excessive sludge at the bottom of the pond is not filled in, and a large number of targeted pathogenic bacteria are brought back into the pond, so that the targeted pathogenic bacteria are continuously enriched at the bottom of the pond, diseases are frequently caused in recent years, and the culture yield is obviously reduced. In recent two years, the shrimp and crab yield is low all the way, the market yield is insufficient, the market price is continuously high, the price is high, farmers are attracted to culture the shrimps blindly, and the whole palaemon carinicauda industry is in a vicious circle. The reasons are mainly as follows: 1. the cultivation mode is self-sealed at all times, the bearing capacity of the pond is poor due to long-term cultivation, and the pond is difficult to recover. 2. The high investment of the culture mode leads to the eutrophication of culture water, further aggravates the deterioration of the bearing capacity of the pond and frequent diseases. 3. Under the condition that farmers pursue foundation and benefit from each other and take the best way to improve unit output, the aim of multi-variety mixed culture can be achieved, but how to perfectly match varieties troubles the farmers, and the situation that the breeds are lost is often caused. 4. The germplasm degeneration causes the culture benefit to be worse and worse, and improved varieties suitable for pond culture are urgently needed. Therefore, the transformation and upgrade of the industry are increasingly required by local administrative departments and major fishery enterprises.

The clam (Meretrix Meretrix) is known as the first fresh in nature, is one of the most important economic shellfish in China, and is always a popular marine product in international markets such as export of Japan and Korean and in domestic sale. In recent years, in ecological transformation and energy conservation and discharge reduction of ponds, N, P of fresh water is well reduced and water quality is purified due to abundant emergent aquatic plants and hydroponic vegetable varieties, but a large amount of corresponding plant varieties are lacked in seawater, but abundant shellfish varieties exist, and water quality purification can be realized through the path of N, P → algae → shellfish, so that the shellfish has strong biological filtration and is widely applied to seawater ponds.

At present, the general shellfish can be bred to be on the market (Zhang Xingguo et al, 2006; Zheng Qing Song, 2010) after two to three years of seeding in the same year, and some shellfish can be even longer, so links of marketing the palaemon carinicauda, clearing the pond and the like are influenced, and the overall breeding benefit is influenced to a certain extent. In the prior art, although the method for mixedly breeding swimming crabs and palaemon carinicauda (patent number ZL201410501365.2) and the method for ecologically mixedly breeding sepia esculenta in ponds (patent number ZL201510876530.7) have the function of mixedly breeding a plurality of varieties of shrimps, shellfishes and the like, the actual yield is not given, and the evaluation cannot be carried out. 422 jin and 362 jin of the culture yields of the palaemon carinicauda reported by Dongjia (2016) and Liujunjie (2019) represent the best production level of the palaemon carinicauda in recent years. Therefore, in order to maintain high and stable yield in the cultivation of the exopalaemon carinicauda, the cultivation mode and variety need to be renovated, and a variety which is mutually beneficial and win-win with the exopalaemon carinicauda is matched again to carry out mixed cultivation, so that the cultivation cost of high pond renting, high manual wages and the like is reduced, and stable high yield and harvest are obtained.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for polyculture and high yield of red-shell clams and exopalaemon carinicauda in a pond, so as to overcome the defects of low culture yield, high culture cost and the like of exopalaemon carinicauda in the prior art.

The invention provides a method for high yield of pond mixed culture of red shell clams and exopalaemon carinicauda, which comprises the following steps:

(1) arranging a mixing pond, wherein an upper stage platform and a lower stage platform which have different depths and are continuous are arranged on the periphery of the mixing pond, and a deep water tank is arranged in the middle of the mixing pond;

(2) after disinfection, photosynthetic bacteria are used for maintaining water quality, and bio-organic fertilizer is used for fertilizing water in the initial stage;

(3) before and after seeding of the red shell color clam fries, raising the water depth of the pond to be above a platform, keeping the fertility stable, completing seeding of the red shell color clam fries in 3 months, wherein the red shell color clam fries are in a continuous area of a slope and the platform of the pond, the specification of the red shell color clam fries is 2-8 mm, and the seeding density is 30-40 ten thousand grains per mu;

(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) starting to fertilize water in the first ten days of 5 months, enabling the transparency of a water body to be 40-50 cm 7 days before spawning parent shrimps are put in, putting the palaemon carinicauda parent shrimps in the last ten days of 5 months to 6 months, finishing before noon at the latest, and putting the spawning parent shrimps in 2-3 jin per mu;

(5) the first shrimp seed in the year is grown to 2.5cm, so that the culture water body is stably yellow green or yellow brown, and natural biological baits such as artemia, cladocera and the like which can be ingested by the palaemon carinicauda juvenile shrimp are cultured, and the step is a key for juvenile shrimp culture without additionally feeding shrimp feed; feeding granulated feeds after the shrimp seeds grow to 2.5-3 cm, feeding the granulated feeds at the positions where the clams are not sown on the platform at 5-8 days and 16-18 days (a feeding table is arranged to determine feeding amount, the feeding amount is gradually increased along with the growth of the palaemon carinicauda, the judgment is based on the residual amount of the baits on the feeding table, the screen window surface at the bottom of the feeding table is usually pasted with the surface or is dirty to indicate that the baits are too much, otherwise, the baits are not enough to be fed when the crayfishes are too clean), enabling the crayfishes to grow into crayfishes after 70 days, carrying eggs to generate second crayfish seeds, then strengthening the feeding of the granulated feeds, wherein the strengthening feeding time is 9-10 months, and a proper amount of biological baits are added in the middle and later stages;

(6) and at the end of 10 months, the exopalaemon carinicauda can be caught and listed after the specification of the exopalaemon carinicauda reaches 220-230 heads/jin, and then the alternate catching and listing of the exopalaemon carinicauda and the clams is completed.

Preferably, in the above method, the setting of the mixing pond includes: platform all around the pond is from last down to be "platform-basin" tertiary structure in proper order, and the pond is normal to be kept water after, the upper mounting platform depth of water 40 ~ 60cm, excavates the deep sink in the middle of the pond, deep sink depth of water 3 ~ 4m, 35 ~ 55 degrees on pond limit slope.

Preferably, in the method, in the step (1), the area of the pond is 6-10 mu, the pond is provided with a water inlet and outlet system and 1 aerator, and the aerator is started 1-2 hours after feeding to accelerate the feeding speed of the exopalaemon carinicauda; when the shrimps in the material platform increase suddenly or the shrimps on the bank increase suddenly, the water body is anoxic, and oxygen is required to be increased.

Preferably, in the method, the width of the deep water tank in the step (1) is 2-2.5 m.

Preferably, in the method, the pond is ploughed once a year in the step (1), and the pond is desilted and leveled once in 2-3 years.

Preferably, in the above method, the sterilization in the step (2) is: and splashing quicklime in a whole pool, and disinfecting and removing harm.

Preferably, in the above method, the water quality maintenance using photosynthetic bacteria after the disinfection in the step (2) is: and after 15 days of disinfection, the water inlet is bundled into a 100-mesh net bag and the seawater is fed into the net bag until the water depth is 80-90 cm, and photosynthetic bacteria are applied to maintain the water quality.

Preferably, in the above method, before and after the seeding of the red-shelled clam fries in step (3), raising the pond water depth above the platform is as follows: 7 days before sowing red shell color meretrix linnaeus seedlings, raising the water depth of the pond to be 40cm above the platform, gradually raising the water depth to be 60cm after sowing, and mainly ensuring that the water body has slight fertility with the transparency of more than 60cm and keeps the fertility stable.

Preferably, in the above method, the continuous area of the pond slope and the platform for the seedlings in the step (3) is: the seedlings are in a continuous area with a pond slope of 0.6-1.2 m and an upper platform of 3-4 m.

Preferably, in the above method, the method for fertilizing water in step (4) is: grinding soybeans to ensure freshness, soaking the soybeans for 20-30 hours before grinding, filtering bean dregs after grinding, and sprinkling 0.5-1 kg of soybean dregs per mu.

Preferably, in the above method, the parent shrimps of the exopalaemon carinicauda put in step (4) are selected from parent shrimps of the exopalaemon carinicauda which have been cultured in the previous pond with a size of within 1 jin and 180 heads or parent shrimps of the exopalaemon carinicauda which have been harvested from sea with a size of within 1 jin and 150 heads.

Preferably, in the above method, the step (5) of stabilizing the aquaculture water body to be yellowish green or yellowish brown is performed by adjusting the algal phase of the aquaculture water body.

Preferably, in the above method, in the step (5), the granulated feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-12% of fish meal, 14-20% of soybean meal, 10-12% of peanut meal, 15-20% of wheat, 8-10% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of beer yeast, 1-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 2-5% of fish oil, 1-3% of vegetable oil, 2-5% of shrimp shell meal, 8-10% of wheat shorts, 1-3% of zeolite powder, 1-2% of multi-mineral and 0.5-1% of multi-vitamin.

Preferably, in the above method, the biological feed added in the step (5) includes tingling shrimps, small trash fishes, and the like.

Preferably, in the above method, the pond and the culture facility are periodically checked by periodically observing the growth of the clams and the shelling and growth of the palaemon carinicauda, and the good criteria of the growth of the clams is that the white mouths of the seashell ventral border are shiny.

The reinforced feeding time in the step (5) is 9-10 months, the biological bait feeding in the middle and later stages is a key period for holding the increase of the yield, a proper amount of biological baits such as the metapenaeus ensis and the small trash fish are mixed in the granulated feed to reinforce the feeding, and the feeding amount is gradually increased according to the ingestion; the oxygen increasing machine is started 1-2 hours after feeding, so that the feeding speed of the palaemon carinicauda can be increased, and the water quality is prevented from being spoiled due to surplus bait.

In the step (6), the palaemon carinicauda and the clams are caught in a staggered mode, and the palaemon carinicauda and the clams can be caught respectively according to market quotations and are not mutually influenced. The method for catching the exopalaemon carinicauda is a shrimp cage, and the method for catching the conch meretrix sinensis is to put water down to 10-20 cm above an upper platform and manually catch the conch meretrix linnaeus with a mesh screen.

The most suitable cultivation water level of the clams is 40-60 cm, and the clams cannot be cultivated well in water depth; the exopalaemon carinicauda needs water depth, the water depth of cultivation is generally 2.5-3 m, even 4m, the water depth is large, the exopalaemon carinicauda is cultivated much, and the yield is directly related. The culture pond is of a three-level structure, although the culture pond for exopalaemon carinicauda in the prior art is also provided with a platform, the structure of the culture pond is similar to that of the pond, the platform in the prior art has different and very deep effects, the normal water level is more than 1.5-2 m (as h3 in fig. 2), and the platform is mainly used as a feeding area and foraging and moving areas of shrimps and crabs and is not beneficial to culture clams; the platform of the invention is only used as a place for cultivating clams. Compared with the prior art, the invention changes the original platform-water tank secondary structure into a platform-water tank three-stage structure (shown in figure 2), firstly provides the water level and transparency suitable for cultivating clams and the slope and the continuous 4-meter area of the platform suitable for sowing clams.

Under the existing culture technology of the exopalaemon carinicauda, the idle period of the culture of the exopalaemon carinicauda is generally 3 months to 5 months after the year, and most of the prepared ponds are idle and are not cultured in the idle period. Even in the east starting mode of mixed culture of swimming crabs and palaemon carinicauda, swimming crab seedlings are placed in the middle and last ten days of 5 months at the earliest, so that the pond has more than 2 months of idle periods. The clam larvae bred in 7-8 months in the field are generally below 1cm in 2 months in the second year, the method just utilizes the idle period of the pond for the palaemon carinicauda in 2 months to carry out large-scale cultivation, and the size is about 1.5cm in 5 months, so that the method is an ideal pond seeding and cultivating specification. Compared with the prior art, the invention firstly provides the culture sequence and the proper fry placing time of the culture sequence which is adopted for the mixed culture of the clams and the exopalaemon carinicauda in the pond.

The recognition that the culture water body of the exopalaemon carinicauda is easy to eutrophicate due to the excessive feeding of feed and iced fresh baits such as the macrobrachium nipponensis and the small trash fish, the color of the water body is very thick, the transparency is less than 20cm, and N, P is excessive essentially to cause the major outbreak of algae, and the clams are organisms specially used for filtering and eating the algae to live, can filter and eat a large amount of algae, can control the eutrophication of the water body to a certain degree and enable the water body to be clear is well known. However, the clam fries below 1.5-2 cm cannot bear the eutrophic water body, but the clams cannot grow or even die, so that the clams cultured below 1.5-2 cm need to be clean, namely, the clams and the palaemon carinicauda can be stored in the pond simultaneously when the clams are cultured for more than 2cm without conflict, and the clams are used for filtering algae to purify water quality, so that the balance effect on the whole culture system is achieved. Compared with the prior art, the invention firstly proposes that the small clam seedlings are cultivated in clear water, and the large clam seedlings are cultivated in rich water; by means of the condition that water must be enriched for shrimp culture, the water-enriched Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus seedlings are used, and the problem that the bait supply is insufficient after 1.5-2 cm in the existing Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus culture is solved.

The invention grasps a plurality of key points in the process of cultivating the clams and the palaemon carinicauda, and correctly cultivates and manages the clams and the palaemon carinicauda, thereby realizing high yield. Firstly, a new red-shell color clam strain is adopted to grow quickly, clam seedlings are put in advance, the clam seedlings can be thrown in the condition that the pond is well finished in 3 months in spring, the clam seedlings can grow to 1-1.5 cm in 2 months before the parent shrimps with eggs of the palaemon carinicauda are thrown, the parent shrimps with eggs of the palaemon carinicauda are thrown in the early 5-month period and the period from the shrimp seedlings to the shrimp seedlings growing to 2.5cm is mainly based on rich water (through soybean milk or biological preparation rich water, algae in water are propagated in large quantities so as to culture available food organisms of the shrimp seedlings such as a large number of copepods, cladocera and the like), no additional feeding is needed, a specific method of the soybean milk rich water is provided, the effect is good, 9-10 months are the second-batch shrimp growth peak period of the current year, sufficient feeding is achieved when the key period is grasped, and the method for judging the feeding amount is provided. The existing technology for culturing exopalaemon carinicauda does not refer to the specific method of the ③ because farmers generally do not discover the existence of the rule of the ③, and the rule is extremely difficult to be utilized to realize high yield. Judging whether the clam grows well according to the white edge of the shell ventral margin, and judging the cleanness of the screen except for judging the food intake by using the residual bait on a conventional food watching platform.

Compared with the prior art, the method can realize that the clams and the palaemon carinicauda can be bred into the market specification in the same year, can alternately go into the market in the same year according to market quotations, and have no conflict between catching operations.

Advantageous effects

The method improves the utilization rate of the pond, cultivates the young clam in the idle period of 3-5 months in the pond, cultivates the clam and the exopalaemon carinicauda in a mixed mode in 6-12 months, purifies the water quality through the filtering effect of the clam during the mixed cultivation, realizes the balance of the fatness and thinness of the cultivation water body, and promotes the growth of the large-size clam and the exopalaemon carinicauda juvenile shrimps in the stage. The invention realizes the win-win of the culture of the clams and the palaemon carinicauda by the ecological niche complementation, the close match among varieties and the culture management operation of key nodes, thereby achieving the purpose of high yield.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional structure view of a pond of the present invention, wherein w1 is a width of a slope seedling, w2 is a width of a platform seedling, h1 is a depth of an upper platform, h2 is a depth of a deep water tank, and θ is a slope angle.

Fig. 2 is a schematic comparison of the "platform-flume" tertiary structure of the pond of the present invention with the "platform-flume" secondary structure of the prior art pond, where h1 is the upper platform water depth and h3 is the platform water depth.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the shrimp feeding station of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a clam catching tool of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Example 1

The mixed culture of the clams and the palaemon carinicauda is carried out in a certain farm, and the high-yield method for culturing the clams and the palaemon carinicauda in the pond comprises the following steps:

1. preparing an aquaculture pond: carrying out dredging transformation on an 8-mu pond, wherein the slope at the pond side is about 45 degrees, four platforms are arranged at the periphery, an upper platform and a lower platform are arranged, the upper platform is 4m wide, the lower platform is 4-6 m wide, a middle deep water tank is arranged in a water inlet and outlet system, and 1 breeding machine is arranged; after the pond normally stores water, the water depth of the upper platform is 60cm, the water depth of the lower platform is 3m, and the water depth of the deep water tank is 4 m;

2. splashing quicklime in the whole pond, disinfecting for 15 days, pricking a 100-mesh net bag at a water inlet, feeding seawater to a depth of 80-90 cm, performing water quality maintenance by using photosynthetic bacteria, applying a biological organic fertilizer for initial stage water fertilization, and culturing basic biological bait;

3. 3, 10 days in month and 3 days in month, raising the water level of the pond to 40cm above the upper platform, sowing 3.2mm red shell color clam fries cultured by the marine aquatic product research institute in Jiangsu province in a continuous range of 4m width counted by 1 m of slope of the pond and 3m of the upper platform according to the density of 30 ten thousand grains/mu, gradually raising the pond to 60cm after sowing, and ensuring that the water transparency is more than 60cm and the fertility is slight in 1 month to 2 months later; before the clam seedlings grow to 1-1.5 cm, clear water is required to be kept, namely the transparency of the water body is more than 60 cm;

4. after 5 months and 20 days, the clam larvae grow to more than 1cm, the utilization rate of the fertilizer water is rapidly increased, at the moment, the biological agents such as the fertilizer water treasure and the like or the soybean milk are sprayed for fertilizing (the fertilizer water treasure is generally sprayed according to the instructions of manufacturers, and the soybean milk is generally sprayed according to 0.5-1 kg per mu), so that the transparency of the water body is gradually smaller than 50cm, but the transparency is not lower than 30 cm. Then, in the culture process, the whole pond is mainly used for culturing shrimps, the clams only need to check the growth condition regularly, and the judgment standard of good growth is that the white mouths of the shells at the abdominal margins are shiny;

5. 18 jin of egg-carrying parent shrimps are put in the water after the water is fertilized for 5 months and 28 days. The parent shrimps can be selected from the sea or the culture pond, the standard of the parent shrimps is good activity, health and sterility, the size of each shrimp is as large as possible, and the size of each shrimp is preferably within 1 jin and 180 heads;

6. shrimp larvae can be seen after one week, which is the first shrimp larvae in the current year. The algae phase of the water body is mainly adjusted before the first batch of shrimp seeds grow to 2.5cm, so that the water body is stable to be green or yellow-green, and therefore, the natural biological bait for culturing the palaemon carinicauda juvenile shrimps is enough for the juvenile shrimps to grow without feeding shrimp feed;

7. feeding the juvenile shrimps by using the pellet feed after 2.5-3 cm, wherein the pellet feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of fish meal, 18% of soybean meal, 12% of peanut meal, 20% of wheat, 10% of rapeseed meal, 3% of beer yeast, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 5% of fish oil, 2% of vegetable oil, 3% of shrimp shell meal, 10% of wheat middling, 2% of zeolite powder, 1% of multi-mineral, 0.5% of multi-vitamin, and feeding the clam larvae at the positions where the clam larvae are not sown on the platform 5-8 and 16-18 days each day, and setting a material platform to determine feeding amount; 70 days later, the first shrimp seeds grow into shrimps, and then the second shrimp seeds can be generated by carrying eggs, and then the feeding needs to be enhanced; different from the first batch of shrimp larvae, various large and small shrimps exist at the moment, the feeding is a key period, particularly, the feeding is carried out once in 9-10 months at dusk, and a proper amount of biological baits such as the metapenaeus affinis and the small trash fish are mixed in the granulated feed for feeding, so that the yield of the current year can be directly improved by sufficient feeding, the resistance of the shrimps is enhanced, and the existence amount of weak and sub-healthy 'zombie shrimps' is greatly reduced; adding oxygen for 1-2 hours during feeding;

8. the palaemon carinicauda can gradually appear on the market after 220-230 catties of palaemon carinicauda in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, and the farm selects to continue to breed and aims at the market of the New year's day and the spring festival. The Yuan Dan starts to be sold on the market by the Chinese lobster and the clam. Catching the exopalaemon carinicauda and the clams in a staggered mode, catching the exopalaemon carinicauda by using a shrimp cage in 28 days in 12 months, bringing the water level to 15cm above the platform in 3 days in 1 month, catching the exopalaemon carinicauda by using a pull net, catching the clams in 8-9 days in 1 month, and completely catching and selling the exopalaemon carinicauda in 18 days in 2 months.

9. Cultivation results and benefits

The mixed culture of the clams and the palaemon carinicauda is to culture the clams in a mixed way on the basis of the culture of the palaemon carinicauda, the culture cost is consistent with the traditional cost, and the generally agreed total cost is 32000 yuan calculated by 4000 yuan per mu, so that the mu benefit is measured to 11900 yuan, and good economic benefit is obtained.

Comparative example 1

A certain farmer A carries out mixed culture of portunids and palaemon carinicauda according to the prior art, namely a mode commonly adopted in the existing palaemon carinicauda culture, namely an 'east-opening mode'.

Cleaning a 10 mu pond, feeding water, and fermenting and disinfecting farmyard manure and fertilizer water; before the shrimps and crabs are put in culture, the water body is yellow brown or yellow green, and the transparency is below 40 cm. Putting swimming crab seedlings in ten days of 5 months generally, and putting 1-1.5 kg of swimming crab seedlings per mu by selecting young crabs in the III period of soil pond seedling culture; and putting parent shrimps of the oviferous palaemon carinicauda in the middle and last ten days of 5 months according to 1-1.5 jin per mu, and feeding the compound feed for the crabs and the shrimps. Fishing is carried out from the late 6 th to the middle 7 th of the month to remove the male crabs. The rotation of catching the exopalaemon carinicauda is started to appear on the market in 10 months and 1 day, and the rotation is continued to the original denier. The swimming crabs are caught and come into the market before the spring festival. The average selling price of the exopalaemon carinicauda in the current year is 22 yuan, the yield per mu is 360 jin (the specification is 220-230 heads/jin), and the total amount is 7920 yuan; the average selling price of the portunids is 120 yuan, the yield per mu is 30 jin, and the total amount is 3600 yuan; the land benefit is measured to be 7520 yuan per mu according to the recognized cost price of 4000 yuan per mu. Compared with the invention, the technical benefit is lower than 4380 yuan.

Comparative example 2

And a farmer B also carries out mixed culture of the swimming crabs and the palaemon carinicauda in the 'east-opening mode' according to the comparative example 1, wherein the culture area is 42 mu, and 5 ponds are formed. The yield of the portunid is reduced, the yield of the portunid is almost zero, the average yield per mu of the palaemon carinicauda is only 280 jin, the average selling price is 24 yuan (the specification is 200-210 heads/jin), the total amount is 6720 yuan, the cost is reduced by 4000 yuan per mu, and the benefit per mu is only 2720 yuan.

Comparative example 3

The Dongjia 2008-2014 respectively adopts a water body zero exchange new mode in ponds with 6 mouths and areas of 5-12 mu in ten-thousand-acre areas of the Qidong yellow sea beach limited company (namely, on the basis of the comparative example 1, a water body regulation and control mode of large discharge and large intake in the traditional culture method is changed into a culture mode of only adding water and not changing water) to carry out ecological healthy and efficient mixed culture of the palaemon carinicauda and the portunid. The result shows that the average yield per mu of the exopalaemon carinicauda in the demonstration breeding area is 422 jin, the average yield per mu of the portunus trituberculatus is 78 jin, the average benefit per mu is 4428 yuan, and the individual specification and the yield are obviously higher than those of the traditional breeding mode.

Comparative example 4

In 2010 of Zhengqingsong, cultivation of clams, palaemon carinicauda and portunus trituberculatus is carried out in a salmons five-door pond surrounding cultivation base in Yuhuan county in 3 ports and 35 mu of pond with 105 mu. And constructing a clam field in 60 percent of the area of the pond to culture clams, constructing a ditch to culture portunids, blocking the clam field and the ditch by using a proper mesh net, and stocking the palaemon carinicauda in the whole pond. 400 clam fries per kilogram are put in 4-4.2 million fries per mu in spring, 2 million portunus trituberculatus per kilogram natural wild fries are put in a stocking way per 0.085 kilogram per mu, and the palaemon carinicauda oviposits are put in a stocking way per 1.4 jin per mu in 5 months. Through two-year cultivation, 6 thousands kilograms of clams (the specification of the clams reaches 30 grains/kilogram), 1950 kilograms of portunus trituberculatus and 1300 kilograms of palaemon carinicaudus are finally harvested, the average yield per mu of the clams, the palaemon carinicaudus and the portunus trituberculatus is 1142 kilograms, 24 kilograms and 37.2 kilograms respectively, and the mu benefit is 5810 yuan.

The yield of the present invention compared to the prior art of farming is shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 comparison of the yields of the present invention with the prior art cultivation

Therefore, the method can obtain higher yields of the clams and the palaemon carinicauda, and has the best benefit for breeding per mu.

Claims

1. A method for high yield of pond mixed culture of red shell clams and exopalaemon carinicauda comprises the following steps:

(4) the water is fertilized in the last ten days of 5 months, the transparency of the water body is 40-50 cm 7 days before the spawning parent shrimps are put in, the palaemon carinicauda parent shrimps are put in the last ten days of 5 months to 6 months, and the spawning parent shrimps are put in according to 2-3 jin per mu;

(5) the first shrimp larvae grow to 2.5cm before the shrimp larvae grow to ensure that the aquaculture water body stably presents yellow green or yellow brown without feeding; feeding granulated feeds after the shrimp seedlings grow to 2.5-3 cm, feeding the granulated feeds at the positions where the clam seedlings are not sown on the platform at 5-8 days and 16-18 days every day, enabling the first shrimp seedlings to grow into shrimps after 70 days, enabling the shrimps to embrace eggs to generate second shrimp seedlings, then intensively feeding the granulated feeds for 9-10 months, and additionally feeding biological baits at the middle and later stages;

(6) and at the end of 10 months, the exopalaemon carinicauda can be caught and listed after the specification of the exopalaemon carinicauda reaches 220-230 heads/jin, and then the alternate catching of the exopalaemon carinicauda and the clams is completed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (1) of providing a mixing pond comprises: platform all around the pond is from last down to be "platform-basin" tertiary structure in proper order, excavates the deep sink in the middle of the pond, sets up upper and lower two-stage platform all around, and after the pond normally impounds water, the upper mounting platform depth of water is 40 ~ 60cm, deep sink depth of water is 3 ~ 4m, and the pond limit slope 35 ~ 55 degrees.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) of applying photosynthetic bacteria for water quality maintenance after disinfection comprises: and after 15 days of disinfection, the water inlet is bundled into a 100-mesh net bag and the seawater is fed into the net bag until the water depth is 80-90 cm, and photosynthetic bacteria are applied to maintain the water quality.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before and after the seeding of the red-shelled clam fries in the step (3), the raising of the pond water depth above the platform is as follows: 7 days before sowing red shell color meretrix linnaeus seedlings, raising the water depth of the pond to be 40cm above an upper platform, gradually raising the pond to be 60cm after sowing, and mainly ensuring that the water body has transparency larger than 60cm and fertility and keeps the fertility stable.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the seedlings in step (3) in the continuous area of the pond slope and the platform are: the seedlings are in a continuous area with a pond slope of 0.6-1.2 m and an upper platform of 3-4 m.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for fertilizing water in the step (4) is as follows: grinding soybeans to ensure freshness, soaking the soybeans for 20-30 hours before grinding, filtering bean dregs after grinding, and sprinkling 0.5-1 kg of soybean dregs per mu.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parent Exopalaemon carinicauda released in step (4) is selected from the parent Exopalaemon carinicauda cultured in the previous pond with the size of less than 1 jin 180 heads or the parent Exopalaemon carinicauda cultured in the pond with the activity of less than 1 jin 150 heads.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (5) of stabilizing the aquaculture water to yellow green or yellow brown is performed by adjusting the algal phase of the aquaculture water.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pellet feed in the step (5) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-12% of fish meal, 14-20% of soybean meal, 10-12% of peanut meal, 15-20% of wheat, 8-10% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of beer yeast, 1-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 2-5% of fish oil, 1-3% of vegetable oil, 2-5% of shrimp shell meal, 8-10% of wheat shorts, 1-3% of zeolite powder, 1-2% of multi-mineral and 0.5-1% of multi-vitamin.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the growth of clams and the shelling and growth of palaemon carinicauda are observed periodically, and the good criteria for the growth of clams are that the white mouths of the seashell ventral border are shiny; the method for judging the good shelling and growth conditions of the palaemon carinicauda comprises the steps of arranging a feeding table to observe the feeding condition, wherein the judgment standard is that the screen window surface at the bottom of the feeding table is frequently pasted or dirty to indicate that too much feeding is carried out, and otherwise, the feeding is insufficient when the feeding is too clean.