CN113319336A - Aviation aluminum alloy curved surface shape work piece clamping device and milling system - Google Patents

Aviation aluminum alloy curved surface shape work piece clamping device and milling system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113319336A
CN113319336A CN202110527625.3A CN202110527625A CN113319336A CN 113319336 A CN113319336 A CN 113319336A CN 202110527625 A CN202110527625 A CN 202110527625A CN 113319336 A CN113319336 A CN 113319336A
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China
Prior art keywords
iii
workpiece
clamping
positioning
assembly
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Granted
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CN202110527625.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113319336B (en
Inventor
杨敏
马浩
李长河
刘波
陈云
曹华军
周宗明
张乃庆
吴启东
卢秉恒
高腾
张彦彬
刘明政
王晓铭
杨玉莹
赵绪峰
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Qingdao University of Technology
Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Priority to CN202110527625.3A priority Critical patent/CN113319336B/en
Publication of CN113319336A publication Critical patent/CN113319336A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
    • B23Q3/088—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated using vacuum means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an aviation aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device and a milling system, which comprise: a workpiece bearing table: the device is used for placing a workpiece to be processed; a positioning mechanism: including first locating component and the second locating component that can be close to each other and keep away from, first locating component and second locating component all include with the work piece plummer rotate the runing rest of being connected, the runing rest both ends all rotate and are connected with the clamping jaw, the runing rest passes there is the vertical pole that is used for withstanding the work piece tip, the vertical pole passes through the connecting piece and is connected with the clamping jaw, the motion of vertical pole along its self axis direction can drive the clamping jaw through the connecting piece and open and closed, clamping mechanism: the workpiece clamping device is arranged on two sides of the area between the first positioning component and the second positioning component and used for applying clamping load to the workpiece.

Description

Aviation aluminum alloy curved surface shape work piece clamping device and milling system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining equipment, in particular to an aviation aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device and a milling system.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In industrial production, in order to improve production efficiency, corresponding tool fixtures are often used to perform machining, functional testing, or auxiliary assembly on a workpiece, so as to produce a workpiece meeting requirements. At present, in the machining industry, the main effect of the clamp for the machine tool is to clamp a machined part through a positioning clamp to carry out a machining auxiliary device for positioning, the clamp for the machine tool can effectively guarantee that the machined part is located at a reasonable position relative to the machine tool or relative to a machining cutter, the machining precision and efficiency are guaranteed, the working efficiency and the working quality in the machining process are improved, the application range can be improved to a great extent, and the safety performance and the reliability of the machine tool can be guaranteed to a great extent. The machine tool clamp has the advantages that the machine tool clamp is very wide in application, and meanwhile, the machine tool clamp occupies a very important position in the machining industry of China and plays an important role. Along with the development and optimization of the mechanical industry in China, various high-precision machine tools in China are continuously applied and popularized, so that high-precision machine tool clamps matched with the machining process of the machine tool are continuously developed and innovated, various requirements in the machining process of the machine tool are met, and the precision of the machine tool in the part machining process is effectively guaranteed. In the process of machining parts by a machine tool, the importance of the machine tool clamp to the machining process is self-evident, parts can be clamped conveniently, the positions of clamped parts can be positioned, and the machining precision requirement can be improved.
The aluminum alloy has the excellent characteristics of good casting performance, good plastic processing performance, good mechanical performance, good workability, good wear resistance, strong corrosion resistance, good oxidation resistance and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, mold processing, mechanical equipment, tool fixtures and the like, and is particularly applied to aerospace manufacturing and other high-stress structural bodies with high requirements on strength and strong corrosion resistance.
In the field of aerospace manufacturing, related parts are various and complicated in structure, and not only are parts with regular shapes, but also parts with irregular curved edges. The workpieces in the aerospace field are complex in structure, even have complex internal cavities, are large in size, large in length-width ratio and mostly flat, and are usually prepared by directly milling cuboid blanks or blanks in other corresponding shapes. Due to the fact that the workpieces are large in size and are generally produced in small and medium batches or even in single pieces, corresponding milling process equipment is not needed for machining the workpieces. During machining, a blank is usually directly placed on a machine tool workbench or in machine tool accessories such as a vice and the like, the workpiece is aligned by a scriber or an indicator according to one or more surfaces of the workpiece and then clamped, and after one surface is machined, other surfaces are machined, even the other surfaces need to be repositioned and then clamped. The clamping method has the advantages of low positioning precision, high labor intensity, low production efficiency and high requirement on the technical grade of workers, and the production cost is increased because a manual alignment procedure is often required to be added in the machining process.
For the design of machining process equipment for aviation aluminum alloy workpieces, researchers have made great progress at present, related clamps and process equipment in related fields are designed, and the problems in the machining process of the workpieces, such as low positioning accuracy, high labor intensity, low production efficiency and the like, are well solved. For large-sized workpieces, due to the fact that the size and the weight of the workpieces are too large, the shapes of the workpieces are irregular and changeable, the universality of the clamp is easily poor, the positioning error is large, and the situations that clamping is unreliable or clamping force is set too large to deform the workpieces are easily caused during machining. Furthermore, the milling devices of the present invention lack a process parameter monitoring device, and cannot feed current data back to the control center in time, and if the cutting parameters are not reasonable, the machine tool cannot adjust in time to affect the processing quality of the workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the aviation aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device which is strong in universality, accurate in positioning and reliable in clamping.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aviation aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device, including:
a workpiece bearing table: the device is used for placing a workpiece to be processed;
a positioning mechanism: including first locating component and the second locating component that can be close to each other and keep away from, first locating component and second locating component all include with the work piece plummer rotate the runing rest of being connected, the runing rest both ends all rotate and are connected with the clamping jaw, the runing rest passes and has the vertical pole that is used for withstanding the work piece tip, the vertical pole passes through the connecting piece and is connected with the clamping jaw, the motion of vertical pole along its self axis direction can drive the clamping jaw through the connecting piece and open and closed.
A clamping mechanism: and the clamping device is arranged on two sides of the area between the first positioning component and the second positioning component and is used for applying clamping load to the workpiece.
Optionally, the connecting piece includes the horizontal pole with the perpendicular fixed connection of vertical pole, and the horizontal pole processing has two notch that set up for vertical pole axis symmetry, and the fixed backing pin that two clamping jaws set up stretches into two notch respectively, and is corresponding, is equipped with the elastic component between connecting piece and the runing rest.
Optionally, one end of the longitudinal rod is used for propping against a workpiece, and the other end of the longitudinal rod is provided with a limiting pin shaft which can be contacted with the rotating support under the action of the elastic part to limit the movement of the longitudinal rod.
Optionally, the end of the vertical rod for propping against the workpiece is of a hemispherical structure.
Optionally, the first positioning assembly is rotatably connected with a first rotating shaft arranged on the workpiece bearing table, the second positioning assembly is rotatably connected with a second rotating shaft arranged on the workpiece bearing table, the first rotating shaft and/or the second rotating shaft is/are connected with the horizontal driving member, and the horizontal driving member can drive the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft to move towards or away from each other.
Optionally, the clamping mechanism includes a clamping driving assembly disposed on the workpiece carrier, the clamping driving assembly is connected to the clamping member, and an assembling manner of the clamping driving member and the workpiece carrier is configured to: the relative position of the clamping driving piece and the workpiece bearing table can be adjusted, locked and fixed, so that after the clamping piece acts on a workpiece, the load direction is vertical to the tangential plane of the workpiece position where the load acting point is located.
Optionally, press from both sides tight drive assembly including installing the tight driving piece of clamp at the work piece plummer, press from both sides tight driving piece and be connected with the push rod head, the push rod head contacts with the one end that pushes away the subassembly, pushes away the other end that pushes away the subassembly and pass behind the slider with clamping piece fixed connection, the contact surface of slider and push rod head becomes to set for the contained angle with the drive direction who presss from both sides tight driving piece, and the vertical sliding connection of slider and slider support, the motion of push rod head can drive the slider and do elevating movement.
Optionally, the clamping member is a suction cup, and an inner cavity of the suction cup is connected with the vacuum generator through a vacuum pipeline.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides an aviation aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece milling system, which is provided with the aviation aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device of the first aspect, wherein the workpiece bearing table is fixed on a machine body, a power system is installed on the machine body, and the power system is connected with a cutter assembly arranged above an engineering bearing table through a main shaft.
Optionally, a laser sensor is mounted on the power system shell above the end portion of the spindle and used for collecting the vibration quantity of the cutter assembly in real time, and the laser sensor is connected with the control center.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the clamping device, the first positioning assembly and the second assembly can move oppositely, so that the longitudinal rod is used for propping against two ends of a workpiece, the movement of the longitudinal rod can drive the clamping jaw to work to clamp the end part of the workpiece, self-positioning is realized, labor intensity is reduced, production efficiency is improved, as the rotary support can rotate, the positioning mechanism can position regular cuboid workpieces, automatic positioning can be realized for irregular curved-edge-shaped workpieces, and universality is high.
2. The clamping device is provided with the clamping mechanism, the relative position of the clamping mechanism and the workpiece bearing table is adjustable, the clamping requirement of irregular workpieces is met, the universality of the clamping mechanism is strong, and the friction force generated by smile relative displacement between the clamping element and the workpiece contact surface can be utilized through the arrangement of the push rod head and the sliding block, so that the workpieces are simultaneously subjected to the clamping force which is horizontal and vertical to the main positioning plane, namely the lower surface of the workpiece, the movement of the workpieces in the horizontal direction is limited, the workpieces can be tightly pressed on the clamp body, and the clamping reliability is high.
3. According to the clamping device, the clamping piece adopts the sucking disc, the contact surface between the clamping mechanism and the workpiece is tightly attached by utilizing the atmospheric pressure difference, the friction force required by clamping is increased, and the phenomenon that the workpiece is deformed to influence the processing precision due to the fact that the clamping mechanism applies excessive pressure to the side wall of the workpiece is avoided.
4. According to the milling system, the monitoring device collects the vibration quantity of the cutter handle based on the laser sensor, non-contact measurement is realized, the processing process is not influenced, and data are transmitted back to the control center to analyze the reasonability of the current cutting parameters.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the whole structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a chuck body according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a chuck body according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional view of a slider according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a slider movement driving member according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an assembly view of a chuck body part according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a rotating bracket according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a rotating bracket according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a cross pin according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a front view of a cross head in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional view of a jaw of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a first schematic view of the positioning mechanism assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the positioning mechanism assembly in embodiment 1 of the present invention
FIG. 14 is a first schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a second schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a top view of a base in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a front view of a base in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a front half sectional view of a slider holder according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a lower view of a slider holder according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a three-dimensional view of a wedge shoe according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a side cross-sectional view of a wedge shoe in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a front view of the putter head of embodiment 1 of this invention;
FIG. 23 is a front sectional view of a carrier rod in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 24 is a front view of an auxiliary jack in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a schematic view of a linear drive member of the clamping mechanism of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a front half sectional view of a compact suction cup according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 27 is a first view showing the assembly of the clamping mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 28 is a second assembling view of the clamping mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of a clamping mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 30 is a force analysis diagram of a workpiece according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 31 is a force analysis diagram of a clamping mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 32 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 33 is a schematic view of a pneumatic circuit system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the monitoring device and the spindle according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 35 is a flowchart showing the operation of a monitoring apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the device comprises a workpiece bearing table I, a positioning mechanism II, a clamping mechanism III, an air pressure loop system IV, a workpiece V and a monitoring device VI.
The clamp comprises a clamp body I-1, a mounting hole I-1-1, a T-shaped groove I-1-2, a guide rail groove I-1-3, a second rotating shaft I-1-4, a center line I-1-5 and a pneumatic motor mounting hole I-1-6;
the sliding block I-2, the first rotating shaft I-2-1, the sliding table I-2-2 and the threaded through hole I-2-3 are arranged in the sliding table;
the device comprises a horizontal driving piece I-3, a pneumatic motor I-3-1, a mounting hole I-3-2, a gas access port I-3-3, a gas access port I-3-4 and a screw rod I-3-5;
the rotary support II-1, the positioning hole II-1-1, the guide through hole II-1-2 and the fixed pin shaft II-1-3;
the cross ejector rod II-2, the ejector rod head II-2-1, the cross rod II-2-2, the longitudinal rod II-2-3, the pin hole II-2-4 and the straight notch II-2-5.
The clamping jaw II-3, the through hole II-3-1, the clamping jaw head II-3-2 and the fixed stop pin II-3-3;
a spring II-4 and a limit pin II-5;
the device comprises a base III-1, a cylinder mounting hole III-1-1, a fixing notch III-1-2, a sliding block bracket mounting hole III-1-3 and a spring positioning boss III-1-4;
the sliding block support III-2, the sliding plane III-2-1, the threaded hole III-2-2, the sliding groove III-2-3, the cross beam III-2-4 and the guide rail III-2-5;
a wedge-shaped sliding block III-3, a sliding table III-3-1, a spring positioning boss III-3-2, an inclined plane III-3-3, a central through hole III-3-4 and a step surface III-3-5;
a push rod head III-4, an inclined plane III-4-1, a threaded hole III-4-2, a friction surface III-4-3 and a sliding plane III-4-4;
the device comprises a top rod III-5, a sucker mounting hole III-5-1, an air hole III-5-2, a blind hole III-5-3, a step surface III-5-4 and an outer circular surface III-5-5.
The auxiliary ejector rod III-6, the outer circular surface III-6-1, the friction surface III-6-2 and the stepped surface III-6-3;
the clamping driving piece III-7, the cylinder push rod III-7-1, the threaded hole III-7-2, the air hole III-7-3, the air hole III-7-4, the cylinder body III-7-5 and the thread III-7-6;
a briquetting sucker III-8, an air hole III-8-1, an adsorption cavity III-8-2 and a thread III-8-3;
a spring III-9, a spring III-10, a spring III-11 and a gas pipe joint III-12;
the device comprises an air compressor 1, a filter 2, an air storage tank 3, a pressure gauge 4, a pressure regulating valve 5, a throttle valve 6, an overflow valve 7, a compressed air recovery tank 8, a vacuum generator 9, a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve I, a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve II and a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve III;
a shell VI-1, a screw VI-2, a probe VI-3 and a knife handle VI-4.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In the field of aerospace manufacturing, curved workpieces of irregular shapes are often machined and manufactured, such workpieces being produced by milling blanks. When the positioning device is clamped, due to the irregularity of the side edge of the workpiece, deviation is easy to generate in the positioning process, and the position of the positioning point needs to be adjusted again in each positioning. The processing of the workpiece with the curved edge shape comprises the steps of firstly limiting three degrees of freedom by taking the upper surface or the lower surface of the workpiece as a main positioning surface, and then limiting the other three degrees of freedom of the workpiece by determining the position of a connecting line of midpoints of two opposite short sides of the workpiece to complete six-point positioning. When a workpiece is clamped, the clamping mechanism is designed into a combinable module, the number of the modules is adjusted according to the shape and the size of the workpiece, and the clamping mechanism utilizes the relative displacement of two contact surfaces to generate friction force to clamp the side wall of the workpiece.
The embodiment discloses an aviation aluminum alloy curved surface shape work piece clamping device for carry out the clamping to aviation aluminum alloy work piece, as shown in fig. 1, including work piece plummer I, positioning mechanism II, clamping mechanism III, the anchor clamps body part I is installed on the lathe workstation, carries out the location clamp tightly to work piece V through positioning mechanism II and clamping mechanism III.
The workpiece bearing table comprises a clamp body I-1, a sliding block I-2 and a horizontal driving piece I-3, wherein the sliding block I-2 is installed in a track groove of the clamp body I-1 and is driven to reciprocate by the linear driving piece I-3.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the clamp body i-1 has a rectangular flat plate structure, and the upper surface of the clamp body is a positioning plane and contacts with the bottom surface of the workpiece to support the workpiece. The lower surface of the fixture body is a fixed plane and is used for contacting with a machine tool workbench.
The four corners of the clamp body are provided with mounting holes I-1-1, the mounting holes are counter bores, the clamp body can be fixedly connected with a workbench of a machine tool through the mounting holes, and it can be understood that the number of the mounting holes can be increased at the side line positions of the clamp body according to the size of the clamp body so as to ensure the fixing strength of the clamp body and the workbench of the machine tool.
The clamp body is further provided with a guide rail groove I-1-3 and a plurality of T-shaped grooves I-1-2, the guide rail groove is arranged on the center line I-1-5 of the clamp body and is arranged along the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal finger clamp body in the embodiment refers to the length direction of the clamp body, the cross section of the guide rail groove I-1-3 is of a dovetail-shaped uniform cross section structure capable of bearing overturning moment, one end of the guide rail groove penetrates through the end face of the clamp body, the T-shaped grooves are distributed on two sides of the guide rail groove, and the T-shaped grooves are arranged in parallel and penetrate through the clamp body along the longitudinal direction. And a second rotating shaft is fixedly arranged on one side of the tail end of the guide rail groove, the axis of the second rotating shaft is perpendicular to the central line of the clamp body and is positioned in the same plane, and a second positioning assembly of the positioning mechanism can be rotatably connected with the workpiece bearing table through the second rotating shaft. And the opening of the guide rail groove is provided with starting motor mounting holes I-1-6 which are symmetrical about the central line of the clamp body.
The guide rail groove is connected with a sliding block in a sliding mode, the sliding block is connected with the first positioning assembly in a rotating mode, and the first positioning assembly and the second positioning assembly move close to and away from each other through the sliding block.
The structure of the sliding block I-2 is shown in figure 4, a first rotating shaft I-2-1 is arranged on the upper surface of the sliding block and is located at the center of the sliding block, a sliding table I-2-2 is arranged on the lower surface of the sliding block, the cross section of the sliding table is consistent with the transverse surface of the guide rail groove, the sliding table is embedded into the guide rail groove, a threaded through hole I-2-3 is formed in the middle of the sliding table, and the sliding table is connected with a horizontal driving piece I-3 through the threaded through hole.
Because the motion stroke of the horizontal driving piece is larger, the horizontal driving piece adopts a screw nut mechanism driven by a pneumatic motor, and the pneumatic motor has the characteristics of small volume and large torque. As shown in figure 5, the horizontal driving part comprises a pneumatic motor I-3-1, the pneumatic motor is fixedly connected with the clamp body through a mounting hole I-3-2, a gas inlet I-3-3 and a gas inlet I-3-4 are formed in the pneumatic motor, and gas is introduced through different gas inlets, so that the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the pneumatic motor can be realized. An output shaft of the pneumatic motor is connected with a lead screw I-3-5, a transmission thread is arranged on the lead screw, and the lead screw is connected with the sliding table through the transmission thread.
As shown in figure 6, a sliding table I-2-2 of a sliding block I-2 is arranged in a guide rail groove I-1-3 of a clamp body I-1 and is in clearance fit with the sliding table I-2-2, a mounting hole I-3-2 of a horizontal driving piece I-3 corresponds to a mounting hole I-1-6 of a pneumatic motor of the clamp body I-1, a screw is arranged in the mounting hole to be fixedly connected, a lead screw I-3-5 is matched with a threaded through hole I-2-3 of the sliding block I-2, the sliding block I-2 is driven to slide relative to the clamp body I-1 when the pneumatic motor I-3-1 rotates, lubricating oil needs to be filled in the guide rail groove I-1-3 of the clamp body I-1, so that a lubricating oil film is formed in a gap between the sliding table I-2-2 and the guide rail groove I-1-3, the sliding block I-2 plays a role in lubrication when sliding relative to the clamp body I-1.
The first rotating shaft is rotatably connected with a first positioning assembly, the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected with a second positioning assembly, and the first positioning assembly and the second positioning assembly can change the distance between the first positioning assembly and the second positioning assembly through the horizontal driving piece so as to position the curved-edge-shaped workpieces of different specifications.
In other embodiments, the second rotating shaft can also slide along the clamp body in the same manner as the first rotating shaft, i.e., both the first positioning assembly and the second positioning assembly can move along the clamp body, or the second positioning assembly can move along the clamp body while the first positioning assembly can only rotate relative to the clamp body.
The first positioning assembly and the second positioning assembly have the same structure, and the first positioning assembly is taken as an example for description.
The first positioning component comprises a rotary support II-1, a cross ejector rod II-2 and a clamping jaw II-3, wherein the cross ejector rod II-2 is composed of a cross rod and a longitudinal rod.
As shown in fig. 7-8, the rotating bracket is of a T-shaped structure and includes a first rotating portion and a second rotating portion, a positioning hole ii-1-1 is formed in the center of the first rotating portion, the rotating bracket is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft through the positioning hole, an ear plate is disposed at the end of the second rotating portion, a guide through hole ii-1-2 is formed in the ear plate, the positioning hole and the guide through hole are in the same plane and perpendicular to each other, symmetrical fixing pins ii-1-3 are disposed on two sides of the positioning hole, the fixing pins are fixed to the first rotating portion, and centers of the fixing pins and the positioning hole are in the same straight line.
As shown in fig. 9-10, the cross-shaped ejector rod comprises a cross rod ii-2-2 and a vertical rod ii-2-3 which are perpendicular to each other, one end of the vertical rod is provided with an ejector rod head ii-2-1, the ejector rod head is used for contacting with a workpiece, and in order to avoid damage when the ejector rod head contacts with the workpiece, the ejector rod head is of a hemispherical structure. The other end of the longitudinal rod is provided with a pin hole II-2-4 for inserting a limit pin, and the diameter of the longitudinal rod is the same as that of the guide through hole of the rotating bracket. Two straight notch openings are formed in the cross rod, and the two straight notch openings are opposite to the axis of the longitudinal rod and are symmetrically arranged.
As shown in fig. 11, the clamping jaws are C-shaped, and are used in pairs, the two clamping jaws used in pairs are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged, one end of each clamping jaw is rotatably connected with the rotary support through a through hole ii-3-1 and a fixed pin shaft of the rotary support, a fixed stop pin is arranged on one side of each through hole, and the diameter of each fixed stop pin is identical to the width of the straight groove opening and is used for extending into the straight groove opening. The other end of the clamping jaw is provided with a clamping jaw head II-3-2 used for contacting with a workpiece, and in order to avoid contact damage to the workpiece, the clamping jaw head adopts a hemispherical structure.
The assembly of the first positioning component is shown in figures 12-13, two symmetrical clamping jaws II-3 are respectively arranged on a fixed pin shaft II-1-3 of a rotating support II-1 through a through hole II-3-1, the through hole II-3-1 is in clearance fit with the fixed pin shaft II-1-3, the clamping jaws II-3 can rotate for a certain angle relative to the rotating support II-1, a longitudinal rod II-2-3 of a cross ejector rod II-2 is arranged in a guide through hole II-1-2 of the rotating support II-1, the longitudinal rod II-2-3 is in clearance fit with the guide through hole II-1-2, the cross ejector rod II-2 can move relative to the rotating support II-1, and meanwhile, two notches II-2-5 of the cross ejector rod II-2 are respectively matched with fixed stop pins II-3 of the two clamping jaws II-3 3, the notch II-2-5 is in clearance fit with the fixed stop pin II-3-3, the fixed stop pin is inserted into the straight notch, the spring II-4 is arranged on the longitudinal rod II-2-3 of the cross ejector rod II-2 and is positioned between the lug plate and the transverse rod II-2-2, the limit pin II-5 is arranged in the pin hole II-2-4 of the cross ejector rod II-2, and the limit pin II-5 is in interference fit with the pin hole II-2-4. The rotating support of the first positioning assembly and the rotating support of the second positioning assembly are rotatably connected with the rotating shaft through positioning holes, and lubricating oil needs to be filled into gaps formed between the straight notch II-2-5 and the fixed stop pin II-3, between the through hole II-3-1 and the fixed pin shaft II-1-3, between the longitudinal rod II-2-3 and the guide through hole II-1-2 and between the positioning hole II-1-1 and the second rotating shaft I-2-1 (the first rotating shaft I-1-4) to form a lubricating oil film with a lubricating effect.
When the workpiece is positioned, the workpiece is placed on the fixture body, the lower surface of the workpiece is used as a main positioning surface to limit three degrees of freedom, and then the other three degrees of freedom of the workpiece are limited by determining the position of a connecting line between midpoints of two opposite sides of the workpiece, so that six-point positioning is completed. As shown in figures 14-15, when a workpiece V is positioned, a first positioning component and a second positioning component are in a relaxed state, a clamping jaw II-3 is outwards opened, the first positioning component connected with a sliding block I-2 moves rightwards under the action of a horizontal driving piece I-3, a head rod II-2-1 of a cross ejector rod II-2 of a positioning mechanism connected with the sliding block I-2 contacts with a side edge V-1 of the workpiece V firstly, so that the cross ejector rod II-2 moves outwards and drives the clamping jaw II-3 to contract inwards, when two clamping jaw heads II-3-2 contact with the side edge V-2 of the workpiece, the cross ejector rod II-2 stops moving, the middle point of an edge line of one end of the workpiece is determined at the moment, when the clamping jaw heads II-3-2 of the two positioning mechanisms contact with the side edge V-2 of the workpiece, and the positions of the middle points of the two positions are determined, the horizontal driving piece I-3 stops working, and the positioning mechanism finishes positioning. After positioning or machining is finished, the horizontal driving piece I-3 drives the sliding block I-2 to move reversely, the first positioning assembly moves leftwards, the cross ejector rod II-2 resets under the action of the spring II-4, the clamping jaw II-3 resets simultaneously, the limiting pin can be in contact with the lug plate, and relative displacement of the cross ejector rod II-2 and the rotary support II-1 is determined through the limiting pin II-5.
The two sides of the region between the first positioning assembly and the second positioning assembly are respectively provided with a plurality of clamping mechanisms for clamping two side walls of a workpiece, each clamping mechanism comprises a clamping driving assembly arranged on the workpiece bearing table, the clamping driving assemblies are connected with clamping pieces, and the assembling modes of the clamping driving assemblies and the workpiece bearing table are configured as follows: the relative position of the clamping driving assembly and the workpiece bearing table can be adjusted, locked and fixed, so that after the clamping element acts on a workpiece, the load direction is vertical to the tangential plane of the workpiece position where the load acting point is located. The clamp drive assembly is configured to drive the clamp member toward the workpiece.
The clamping driving assembly comprises a base, a sliding block bracket, a clamping driving piece, a push rod head, an ejection assembly, a clamping piece and the like.
The base III-1 is structurally shown in a figure 16-17, a spring positioning boss III-1-4 is arranged on a longitudinal center line of the base III-1 and close to a side line, two sliding block support mounting holes III-1-3 are arranged on two sides of the spring positioning boss III-1-4, the sliding block support mounting hole III-1-3 is a countersunk hole, the centers of the spring positioning boss III-1-4 and the sliding block support mounting hole III-1-3 are positioned on the same straight line, air cylinder mounting holes III-1-1 are further arranged on two sides of the center line, the air cylinder mounting hole III-1-1 is a countersunk hole and has the same size as the sliding block support mounting hole III-1-1, two linear fixing notches III-1-2 are arranged on two sides of the base III-1, and the base III-1 is subjected to clamping with the clamp body I-1 through the fixing notches III-1-2 And (4) fixedly connecting. The cylinder mounting hole III-1-1, the fixed notch III-1-2 and the sliding block support mounting hole III-1-3 are symmetrical about the longitudinal center line of the base.
Fig. 18-19 are block diagram of the slider bracket. As shown in FIGS. 18-19, the slider bracket III-2 comprises a sliding plane III-2-1, a threaded hole III-2-2, a sliding groove III-2-3, a cross beam III-2-4 and a guide rail III-2-5. Two guide rails III-2-5 are arranged and located on two sides of the cross beam III-2-4, the guide rails III-2-5 play a role in guiding and simultaneously play a role in supporting the cross beam III-2-4, the lower surface of the cross beam III-2-4 is a sliding plane III-2-1, the bottoms of the two guide rails III-2-5 are respectively provided with a threaded hole III-2-2, the sliding block support III-2 is fixedly connected with the base III-1 through the threaded hole III-2-2, and the inner side of the sliding block support III-2, namely the opposite surfaces of the two guide rails III-2-5 are respectively provided with a vertically arranged sliding groove III-2-3. In the actual production process, the sliding block bracket III-2 can be divided into a cross beam III-2-4 and a guide rail III-2-5 to be processed respectively, and then the cross beam and the guide rail can be fixedly connected together in a welding mode, a bolt connection mode and the like, and in other embodiments, the cross beam and the guide rail are of an integrated structure.
Fig. 20 to 21 are views showing the structure of the slider. As shown in the figures 20-21, the sliding block is a wedge-shaped sliding block, and the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 comprises a sliding table III-3-1, a spring positioning boss III-3-2, an inclined surface III-3-3, a central through hole III-3-4 and a step surface III-3-5. The center of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 is provided with a step-shaped central through hole III-3-4, a step surface III-3-5 in the central through hole III-3-4 is close to the right side face of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3, two sides of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 are respectively provided with a sliding table III-3-1, the upper part of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 is provided with an inclined surface III-3-3, in order to enable the sliding quantity of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 to be proper when a clamping mechanism III clamps a workpiece, the included angle alpha between the inclined surface III-3-3 and the horizontal plane is preferably set to be 3-5 degrees, and the bottom of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 is further provided with a spring positioning boss III-3-2.
Fig. 22 is a view showing the construction of the putter head. As shown in FIG. 22, the putter head III-4 includes a bevel III-4-1, a threaded hole III-4-2, a friction surface III-4-3, and a sliding plane III-4-4. The push rod head III-4 is L-shaped, an inclined plane III-4-1 is arranged at the front end of the push rod head, the inclined plane III-4-1 needs to be smooth as much as possible, the included angle between the inclined plane III-4-1 and the horizontal plane is the same as that between the inclined plane III-3 of the wedge-shaped sliding block, a threaded hole III-4-2 is formed in the right side face of the push rod head III-4, the push rod head III-4 is fixedly connected with a clamping driving piece III-7 through the threaded hole III-4-2, the upper surface of the push rod head III-4 is a sliding plane III-4-4, the sliding plane III-4-4 needs to be smooth as much as possible, a friction surface III-4-3 is further arranged on the inner side vertical face of the push rod head III-4, and the friction surface III-4-3 has set roughness.
The pushing assembly comprises a top rod and an auxiliary top rod.
FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the carrier rod. As shown in figure 23, the ejector rod III-5 comprises a briquetting sucker mounting hole III-5-1, an air hole III-5-2, a blind hole III-5-3, a step surface III-5-4 and an outer circular surface III-5-5. The ejector rod III-5 is a stepped shaft, a briquetting sucker mounting hole III-5-1 is arranged on the left side of the ejector rod III-5, the depth of an internal thread line is half of the hole depth, an air hole III-5-2 is formed in the outer circular surface III-5-5, the air hole III-5-2 is communicated with the briquetting sucker mounting hole III-5-1, a blind hole III-5-3 is arranged on the right side of the ejector rod III-5, a stepped surface III-5-4 is further arranged on the right end face of the ejector rod III-5, and the diameter of the outer circular surface III-5-5 is the same as the small diameter of a central through hole III-3-4 of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3.
FIG. 24 is a view showing the structure of an auxiliary jack. As shown in FIG. 24, the auxiliary push rod III-6 comprises an outer circular surface III-6-1, a friction surface III-6-2 and a stepped surface III-6-3. The auxiliary ejector rod III-6 is a solid stepped shaft, the diameter of the outer circular surface III-6-1 of the auxiliary ejector rod III-6 is the same as that of the blind hole III-5-3 of the ejector rod III-5, the right end face of the auxiliary ejector rod III-6 is a friction surface III-6-2, the friction surface III-6-2 needs to have certain roughness, and the position of the stepped surface III-6-3 is close to the right end face.
As shown in FIG. 25, the clamping driving piece III-7 adopts a clamping cylinder and comprises a cylinder push rod III-7-1, a threaded hole III-7-2, an air hole III-7-3, an air hole III-7-4, a cylinder body III-7-5 and a thread III-7-6. The air cylinder push rod III-7-1 is arranged in the air cylinder body III-7-5, the air cylinder body III-7-5 is divided into two cavities, air is respectively introduced into the two cavities in a time-sharing manner through an air hole III-7-3 and an air hole III-7-4, the reciprocating linear motion of the air cylinder push rod III-7-1 is realized, a thread III-7-6 is arranged at the front end part of the air cylinder push rod III-7-1 and used for being connected with a push rod head III-4, and a threaded hole III-7-2 is arranged at the bottom of the air cylinder body III-7-5 and used for being connected with a base III-1.
The clamping piece adopts a pressing block sucker III-8, as shown in fig. 26, the pressing block sucker is a splicing piece, the upper half part of the pressing block sucker is made of hard metal materials, the lower half part of the pressing block sucker is made of elastic rubber materials, and the pressing block sucker and the elastic rubber materials are spliced together after being processed and manufactured respectively. As shown in FIG. 26, the compact suction cup III-8 comprises an air hole III-8-1, an adsorption cavity III-8-2 and a thread III-8-3. The briquetting sucker III-8 is in a reverse-buckled funnel shape, the bottom of the briquetting sucker is provided with an adsorption cavity III-8-2, the center of the briquetting sucker III-8 is provided with a through air hole III-8-1 and is communicated with the adsorption cavity III-8-2, the upper part of the briquetting sucker III-8, namely the outer circle surface of a circular boss through which the air hole III-8-1 is communicated, is provided with a thread III-8-3, and the briquetting sucker III-8 is connected with the ejector rod III-5 through the thread III-8-3.
Fig. 27-28 are assembly views of the clamping mechanism. As shown in the figure, a sliding block bracket III-2 is arranged on the left side of a base III-1, a threaded hole III-2-2 at the bottom of the sliding block bracket corresponds to a sliding block bracket mounting hole III-1-3 and is fixedly connected with the sliding block bracket by a screw, a wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 is arranged on the sliding block bracket III-2, a sliding table III-3-1 is clamped in a sliding groove III-2-3, a small gap is left between the sliding table III-3-1 and the sliding groove III-2-3, an inclined plane III-3-3 of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 inclines rightwards, a mandril III-5 is arranged in a central through hole III-3-4 of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3, an outer circular surface III-5-5 is in clearance fit with the central through hole III-3-4, one end of a step surface III-5-4 faces towards the right side, a briquetting sucker III-8 is arranged in a sucker mounting hole III-5-1 of a mandril III-5 through a thread III-8-3, an auxiliary mandril III-6 is arranged in a blind hole III-5-3 of the mandril III-5, the outer circle surface III-6 of the auxiliary mandril III-6 is in clearance fit with the blind hole III-5-3, a clamping driving piece III-7 is arranged at the right side of a base III-1, a threaded hole III-7-2 at the bottom of the clamping driving piece is corresponding to a cylinder mounting hole III-1-1 and is fixedly connected with the cylinder mounting hole III-1 through a screw, a push rod head III-4 is arranged on the thread III-7-6 at the end part of the clamping driving piece III-7, and a sliding plane III-4-4 of the push rod head is contacted with a sliding plane III-2-, the inclined plane III-4-1 is contacted with the inclined plane III-3-3 of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3, the friction surface III-4-3 is contacted with the friction surface III-6-2 of the auxiliary ejector rod III-6, a spring III-9 is arranged on a spring positioning boss III-3-2 and a spring positioning boss III-1-4 between the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 and the base III-1, a spring III-10 is arranged on the outer circular surface III-5-5 of the ejector rod III-5 and is positioned between the step surface III-5-4 and the step surface III-3-5 of the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3, a spring III-11 is arranged on the outer circular surface III-6-1 of the auxiliary ejector rod III-6 and is positioned between the right end surface of the ejector rod III-5 and the step surface III-6-3 of the auxiliary ejector rod III-6, the vacuum generator is connected with an air pipe joint III-12 arranged in an air hole III-5-2 of the ejector rod III-5 and communicated to the adsorption cavity III-8-2, and an external air source is respectively connected with an air hole III-7-3 arranged in the clamping driving piece III-7 and an air pipe joint III-12 arranged in an air hole III-7-4 and communicated to two cavities in the clamping driving piece III-7. Lubricating oil is required to be filled in gaps between the sliding table III-3-1 and the sliding groove III-2-3, between the outer circular surface III-5-5 and the central through hole III-3-4, between the outer circular surface III-6 and the blind hole III-5-3, between the inclined surface III-3-3 and the inclined surface III-4-1 and between the sliding plane III-2-1 and the sliding plane III-4-4, so that a lubricating oil film with a lubricating effect is formed.
The clamping mechanism clamps the side wall of the workpiece by using friction force. As shown in figure 29, when a workpiece V is clamped, air is fed into an air hole III-7-4, a push rod III-7-1 of an air cylinder moves to drive a push rod head III-4 to move to the left, the push rod head III-4 pushes an auxiliary push rod III-6, a spring III-11 is compressed and transmits pushing force to a push rod III-5, the push rod III-5 pushes a briquetting suction disc III-8 to be in contact with the side wall of the workpiece V, the air pressure in an adsorption cavity III-8-2 is reduced due to the action of a vacuum generator, pressure difference is generated between the air pressure and the atmospheric pressure, the briquetting suction disc III-8 and the side wall of the workpiece V are tightly adsorbed together, the inclined surface III-4-1 slides relative to the inclined surface III-3-3 while the push rod head III-4 moves to the left, so that a wedge-shaped slide block III-3 moves downwards along a sliding groove III-2-3, the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 drives the ejector rod III-5, the auxiliary ejector rod III-6 and the briquetting sucker III-8 to generate downward displacement, the ejector rod III-5 stops moving left after the briquetting sucker III-8 is attached to the side wall of the workpiece V, the push rod head III-4 can continue moving left for a small distance under the action of the spring III-11, the briquetting sucker III-8 and the side wall of the workpiece V can generate micro-dislocation under the action of the inclined plane III-4-1 and the inclined plane III-3-3 so as to generate friction force to tightly press the workpiece V on a workbench, after the machining is finished, the vacuum generator stops acting, simultaneously the air hole III-7-3 is filled with air, the air cylinder push rod III-7-1 returns, under the action of the spring III-9, the spring III-10 and the spring III-11, the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3, the push rod III-5 and the auxiliary push rod III-6 are reset, and the briquetting sucker III-8 is separated from the workpiece V. By utilizing the air pressure difference, very large friction force can be generated by using very small thrust, and the damage to a workpiece and a mechanism caused by overlarge thrust is avoided.
When the clamping mechanism III clamps the side wall of the workpiece V, the ejector rod III-5 and the auxiliary ejector rod III-6 are regarded as a whole, the spring III-10 only plays a role of resetting, the elasticity is small, the influence of the spring III-10 on the whole can be ignored, the influence of gravity is ignored, the stress relation is shown in figure 30, and under the action of the linear driving piece III-7, the whole can be subjected to leftward thrust Fn1The ejector rod III-5 drives the briquetting sucker III-8 to contact with the side wall of the workpiece, and then the whole body is subjected to a reaction force Fn2In the process of extending the linear driving piece III-7, the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 is displaced downwards, and the wedge-shaped sliding block III-3 applies downward pressure F to the whole of the ejector rod III-5 and the auxiliary ejector rod III-6tAt a pressure FtThe push rod III-5 and the auxiliary push rod III-6 can integrally generate displacement under the action, and the left end surface and the right end surface respectively generate friction force F with the contact surfaces1、F2If F is1、F2When the sizes are unequal, an action moment M is generated on the whole of the ejector rod III-5 and the auxiliary ejector rod III-6. The stress relation of the side wall of the workpiece V is shown in figure 31, a briquetting sucker III-8 is attached to the side wall of the workpiece V under the action of a mandril III-5 and is subjected to leftward thrust Fn3After the pressing block sucking disc III-8 is attached, the air pressure in the adsorption cavity III-8-2 of the pressing block sucking disc III-8 is reduced, the external air pressure is high, and the pressing block sucking disc III-8 is under the pressure difference Fp1Is further pressed on the side wall of the workpiece V, and simultaneously the side wall of the workpiece V can also provide an equal reaction force F for the briquetting sucker III-8p2The ejector rod III-5 and the auxiliary ejector rod III-6 integrally drive the briquetting sucker III-8 to generate downward displacement, and the briquetting sucker III-8 generates downward friction force F on the side wall of the workpiece Vf。Fn1、Fn2、Fn3Respectively, the relationship between the acting force and the reacting force, has the following relationship
Fn1＝Fn2＝Fn3＝kx
K is the elastic coefficient of the spring III-11, and x is the compressed amount of the spring III-11.
The pressure difference of the pressure block sucker is uniform, and the pressure in the adsorption cavity is assumed to be p1At atmospheric pressure p2The pressure difference force applied to the briquetting sucker III-8 is
Fp1＝(p2-p1)·πr2
r is the radius of the contact surface of the briquetting sucker III-8 and the side wall of the workpiece V.
Under the action of a single-group clamping mechanism, a workpiece V is subjected to friction force FfIs composed of
Ff＝(Fp1+Fn3)·f＝[(p2-p1)·πr2+kx]·f
Frictional force FfWith friction force F1When the workpiece V is clamped in the equal-large reverse direction, an action moment M is inevitably generated on the whole of the ejector rod III-5 and the auxiliary ejector rod III-6, and in order to reduce the action of the moment M as much as possible, the friction surface III-4-3 of the push rod head III-4 and the friction surface III-6-2 of the auxiliary ejector rod III-6 have larger roughness so as to increase the friction force.
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the clamping device. As shown in figure 1, the clamping mechanisms III are in modular design, are placed on the side edge of a workpiece V and are approximately placed according to the shape of the workpiece V, so that after a clamping piece acts on the workpiece, the load direction is perpendicular to the tangential plane of the position of the workpiece where a load acting point is located, the number of groups can be properly selected according to the shape and the size of the workpiece V, and the clamping mechanisms III are fixedly connected through T-shaped bolts which are arranged in T-shaped grooves I-1-2 of a clamp body I-1 and then penetrate through notches III-1-2 of a base III-1. Firstly, a horizontal driving part I-3 works to drive a first positioning component and a second positioning component on two sides of a clamp to position a workpiece V, then the workpiece V is clamped by a clamping mechanism III, and after the positioning and clamping are completed, a machine tool performs milling processing on the workpiece.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 32, this embodiment discloses an aviation aluminum alloy curved surface shape work piece milling system, is provided with embodiment 1 the clamping device, milling device includes the lathe bed, installs the lathe workstation on the lathe bed, the lathe workstation install the work piece plummer, work piece plummer top is provided with cutter unit, cutter unit passes through the main shaft and is connected with driving system, and driving system can drive cutter unit and rotate, driving system installs on the lathe bed, cutter unit includes handle of a knife and cutter, the main shaft of lathe is connected with the driving system of lathe, and the handle of a knife is fixed with the cutter, the main shaft and the driving system of lathe workstation, lathe all adopt current structure, do not describe in detail here.
The milling device further comprises an air pressure loop system IV and a monitoring device VI.
The air pressure loop system is used for supplying air to the pneumatic motor, the air cylinder and the vacuum generator and comprises an air compressor 1, the outlet of the air compressor is connected with an air storage tank 3 through a pipeline, the outlet of the air storage tank is sequentially connected with an air regulating valve 5 and a throttle valve 6 through pipelines, the pipeline of the outlet of the throttle valve is divided into three branches, one branch is connected with the pneumatic motor through a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve I, the other branch is connected with the air cylinders which are arranged in parallel through a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve II, and the third branch is connected with the vacuum generator 9 through a three-position four-way electromagnetic valve III.
And a pipeline between the pressure regulating valve and the throttle valve is connected with an overflow pipe, the overflow pipe is communicated with the compressed air recovery tank, and an overflow valve 7 is installed on the overflow pipe.
Wherein the movement of the pneumatic elements is achieved by controlling the phase of the solenoid valves. As shown in fig. 33, the pneumatic motor i-3-1 is controlled by a three-position four-way solenoid valve i, all clamping mechanisms work simultaneously when clamping a workpiece, all cylinders in the clamping mechanisms are connected in parallel and controlled by a three-position four-way solenoid valve ii, and the briquetting suction cup iii-8 and the vacuum generator 9 are controlled by a three-position four-way solenoid valve iii. And all the leads of the electromagnetic valves are connected to a machine tool control center, and the phases of the electromagnetic valves are controlled by a processing program. At the beginning, all three solenoid valves are in the middle phase, and each pneumatic element and the air source are in a disconnected state. After a workpiece is placed on the clamp, the electromagnet KM1 is electrified, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve I is located at the right phase position, the pneumatic motor I-3-1 rotates forwards, the positioning mechanism I positions the workpiece V, after positioning is finished, the pneumatic motor stops rotating due to the reaction force of the workpiece on the positioning mechanism, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve I is always located at the right phase position until machining is finished, and in the process, the positioning mechanism can apply a part of extra clamping force to the workpiece, so that reliable clamping is guaranteed. The positioning is completed, the electromagnet KM3 is powered on, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve II is located in the right phase, all air cylinder processes in the clamping mechanism push the pressing block sucker to be in contact with the side wall of the workpiece, then the electromagnet KM6 is powered on, the electromagnetic valve III is located in the left phase, the pressing block sucker, the vacuum generator and the air source are communicated, under the action of air pressure difference, the pressing block sucker and the side wall of the workpiece are tightly attached together, the workpiece is pressed on the clamp body through friction force generated between the pressing block washing disc and the side wall of the workpiece, and the clamping action is completed. After the machining is finished, the electromagnet KM1 is powered off, the electromagnet KM2 is powered on, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve I is located in the left phase, the pneumatic motor rotates reversely, after the positioning mechanism recovers the initial state, the electromagnet KM2 is powered off, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve I recovers the middle phase, the electromagnets KM4 and KM5 are powered on, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve II is located in the left phase, the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve III is located in the right phase, the air cylinder returns, the pressing block sucker is separated from the side wall of the workpiece, after the workpiece is loosened, the electromagnets KM4 and KM5 are powered off, and the three-position four-way electromagnetic valves II and III recover the middle phase.
The main shaft of the machine tool is a critical part in machine tool equipment, can work stably, and directly influences the machining precision and the machining reliability of the machine tool. The machine tool spindle is mechanically tested to record and analyze the vibration generated in the operation process of the machine tool spindle, and the vibration connotation is rich and contains rich information. If the problems exist in the operation process of the machine tool spindle, the problems can be directly or indirectly displayed through the vibration of the machine tool spindle. Similarly, the change in the cutting force can be reflected by the vibration of the spindle. The change of the cutting force directly influences the processing quality of a workpiece, the measurement of the cutting force is beneficial to researching a cutting mechanism, calculating power consumption, optimizing cutting amount and geometric parameters of a cutter, and more importantly, the cutting process can be monitored through the change of the cutting force, and cutting states of cutter abrasion or damage, reasonability of the cutting amount, machine tool faults, chatter and the like are reflected, so that the cutting process can be controlled in time, the cutting efficiency is improved, and the rejection rate of parts is reduced. The monitoring device VI carries out vibration measurement and collection on the main shaft based on the laser sensor, transmits collected data into a machine tool control center, carries out data processing by the control center and analyzes whether corresponding adjustment needs to be carried out on the current cutting parameters. The monitoring device VI monitors the spindle in a non-contact mode.
The monitoring device VI is arranged at the end part of the spindle, as shown in figure 34, and a shell VI-1 of the monitoring device VI is connected with a shell of the spindle of the machine tool and fixed through a screw VI-2. And a probe VI-3 of the laser sensor acquires the vibration quantity of the tool holder VI-4 in real time. The laser vibration measurement measures the vibration velocity of an object based on the doppler principle. The doppler principle means: if the wave source or the observer receiving the wave moves relative to the medium through which the wave propagates, the frequency measured by the observer depends not only on the frequency of the vibrations emitted by the wave source but also on the magnitude and direction of the speed of movement of the wave source or observer. The difference between the measured frequency and the frequency of the source is called the doppler shift. Frequency shift f of Doppler when vibration direction is coincident with directiondWhere v is the vibration velocity and λ is the wavelength. In the actual measurement, f is caused by the round trip of lightd2v/λ. When the laser sensor is used for measuring, the optical part converts the vibration of an object into corresponding Doppler frequency shift, the optical detector converts the frequency shift into an electric signal, and the electric signal is appropriately processed by the circuit part and then sent to the Doppler signal processor to convert a Doppler frequency shift signal into an electric signal corresponding to the vibration speed.
The spindle of the numerical control machine tool always works under the action of cutting force, an empirical prediction model is generally adopted as a cutting force model, and a mathematical model of the tangential force of a cutter plane is as follows:
Figure BDA0003066403350000151
wherein C isF、αe、αfRespectively the coefficient of cutting force, cutting width and feed per tooth, d, alphapAnd Z is the diameter of the cutter, the cutting depth and the number of teeth of the milling cutter respectively. The cutter plane radial force model is as follows:
Figure BDA0003066403350000152
under the action of cutting force, when the cutter teeth on the main shaft of the machine tool contact with the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to radial force Fr, and the frequency is Z (60/n) when the instantaneous rotating speed of the main shaft is n. The fourier series expansion of the radial force yields:
Figure BDA0003066403350000153
wherein P, omega and phi are respectively amplitude, excitation frequency and phase angle. Neglecting the influence of high order terms and initial phase phi1If 0, the formula can be listed as:
P(t)＝Frcos(ωt+φ)
when single vibration of a cutting plane is researched, the model can be simplified into a single-degree-of-freedom system, for example, x (t) is defined as the normal displacement of a cutter and a workpiece on the cutting plane, and the vibration model of the system under the action of simple harmonic excitation force can be simplified into:
Figure BDA0003066403350000154
wherein c and k are respectively damping ratio and rigidity coefficient, and the relational expression of the available vibration quantity and the cutting force is solved:
Figure BDA0003066403350000155
the working process of the monitoring device is shown in fig. 35, the vibration quantity of the spindle measured by the monitoring device VI is transmitted into a machine tool control center for data processing and conversion, and then the vibration quantity is divided into two paths, wherein one path is compared with the vibration threshold of the machine tool, whether the machine tool is in a normal state under the current working condition is judged, and an alarm is given or an emergency treatment is made by the machine tool when an abnormality occurs.
And the other path determines the magnitude of the current cutting force according to the relation between the vibration and the cutting force, compares the magnitude with the cutting force threshold value of the current machined workpiece, and judges whether the cutting force is abnormal or not. And if the abnormal condition occurs, feeding the result back to the control center to adjust the cutting parameters.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an aviation aluminum alloy curved surface shape work piece clamping device which characterized in that includes:
a workpiece bearing table: the device is used for placing a workpiece to be processed;
a positioning mechanism: the clamping device comprises a first positioning assembly and a second positioning assembly which can be close to and far away from each other, wherein the first positioning assembly and the second positioning assembly respectively comprise a rotating support which is rotatably connected with a workpiece bearing table, clamping jaws are rotatably connected to two ends of the rotating support, the rotating support penetrates through a longitudinal rod which is used for propping against the end part of a workpiece, the longitudinal rod is connected with the clamping jaws through connecting pieces, and the longitudinal rod can drive the clamping jaws to open and close through the connecting pieces when moving along the axis direction of the longitudinal rod;
a clamping mechanism: and the clamping device is arranged on two sides of the area between the first positioning component and the second positioning component and is used for applying clamping load to the workpiece.
2. A curved workpiece holder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said connecting member comprises a cross bar fixedly connected to the longitudinal bar, the cross bar is formed with two notches symmetrically disposed with respect to the longitudinal bar axis, the two holding jaws are provided with fixing pins respectively extending into the two notches, and an elastic member is disposed between the connecting member and the rotary bracket.
3. The aerial aluminum alloy curved workpiece clamping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the longitudinal rod is used for supporting the workpiece, and the other end of the longitudinal rod is provided with a limit pin shaft, and the limit pin shaft can be in contact with the rotating bracket under the action of the elastic member to limit the movement of the longitudinal rod.
4. The aerial aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end of the longitudinal rod for supporting the workpiece is of a hemispherical structure.
5. A curved surface workpiece holder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first positioning assembly is rotatably connected to a first shaft disposed on the workpiece holder, the second positioning assembly is rotatably connected to a second shaft disposed on the workpiece holder, and the first shaft and/or the second shaft is/are connected to a horizontal driving member capable of driving the first shaft and the second shaft to move toward or away from each other.
6. The aerial aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping driving assembly arranged on the workpiece bearing table, the clamping driving assembly is connected with the clamping piece, and the clamping driving assembly and the workpiece bearing table are assembled in a manner that: the relative position of the clamping driving assembly and the workpiece bearing table can be adjusted, locked and fixed, so that after the clamping element acts on a workpiece, the load direction is vertical to the tangential plane of the workpiece position where the load acting point is located.
7. The aerial aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the clamping driving assembly comprises a clamping driving member mounted on the workpiece bearing table, the clamping driving member is connected with the pusher head, the pusher head contacts with one end of the pushing assembly, the other end of the pushing assembly penetrates through the sliding block and then is fixedly connected with the clamping member, a set included angle is formed between the contact surface of the sliding block and the pusher head and the driving direction of the clamping driving member, the sliding block is vertically and slidably connected with the sliding block support, and the sliding block can be driven to move up and down by the movement of the pusher head.
8. The aerial aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpiece clamping device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the clamping member is a suction cup, and an internal cavity of the suction cup is connected with a vacuum generator through a vacuum pipeline.
9. An aviation aluminum alloy curved surface workpiece milling system is characterized in that the workpiece clamping device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is arranged, the workpiece bearing table is fixed on a lathe bed, a power system is arranged on the lathe bed, and the power system is connected with a cutter assembly arranged above an engineering bearing table through a main shaft.
10. The milling system for aviation aluminum alloy curved surface-shaped workpieces as claimed in claim 9, wherein a laser sensor is mounted on a power system housing above the end of the spindle for real-time acquisition of vibration of the cutter assembly, and the laser sensor is connected with the control center.
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