CN113315137B - Three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system - Google Patents
Three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113315137B CN113315137B CN202110594068.7A CN202110594068A CN113315137B CN 113315137 B CN113315137 B CN 113315137B CN 202110594068 A CN202110594068 A CN 202110594068A CN 113315137 B CN113315137 B CN 113315137B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/44—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system, belongs to the field of motors, and aims to solve the problems of a traditional synchronous phase modulator adopting electric excitation. The invention comprises a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor, an m-phase compensation capacitor bank, two groups of m-phase alternating current chopping units and two groups of m-phase reactor banks; the stator winding of the motor comprises a three-phase armature winding and an m-phase magnetic field control winding; the magnetic field control winding is connected with the alternating current input end of the first m-phase alternating current chopping unit; the second m-phase alternating current chopping unit is connected with a magnetic field control winding connecting line in series with an m-phase compensation capacitor group; the two groups of m-phase reactor groups are respectively connected with the input ends of the two groups of m-phase alternating current chopping units, and the rotor is of an embedded permanent magnet structure; when the inductive reactive power output by the phase modulator system needs to be increased, the duty ratio of a second m-phase alternating current chopper unit is increased; when the output capacitive reactive power of the phase modulator needs to be increased, the output capacitive reactive power is realized by increasing the duty ratio of the first-order m-phase alternating current chopper unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system and a control method thereof, belonging to the field of motors.
Background
The synchronous phase modulator is a synchronous motor applied to a power system in a special operation state, and can automatically increase reactive output when the voltage of a power grid is reduced according to the needs of the system; when the voltage of the power grid rises, reactive power is absorbed to maintain the voltage of the power grid, the stability of the power system is improved, and the power supply quality of the system is improved. The synchronous phase modulator can be regarded as a synchronous motor without mechanical load, and only sends out or absorbs reactive power to a power system, and is also called a synchronous compensator, and is used for improving power factor of a power grid and maintaining voltage level of the power grid.
The synchronous phase modulator has the advantages of smoothly changing the size and the property of reactive power, smoothly adjusting voltage, having large single-machine capacity, effectively supporting the voltage of a power grid and improving the stability of the power grid.
The synchronous phase modulator has strong high and low voltage ride through capability, the adjusting capability of the synchronous phase modulator is basically not influenced by system voltage, and the synchronous phase modulator has strong instantaneous reactive power support and short-time overload capability under the fault condition and has unique advantages in the aspect of dynamic reactive power compensation; meanwhile, as a large synchronous motor running in no-load, the phase modulator can also provide a certain short-circuit capacity and rotational inertia support for a weak extra-high voltage direct current sending end system.
However, the conventional synchronous phase modulator adopts electric excitation, and because the conventional synchronous phase modulator is usually operated in an over-excitation state, the excitation current and the excitation loss are large, the heating is serious, and the temperature is increased. Meanwhile, the equivalent electromagnetic air gap is small, the direct-axis synchronous resistance is high, and the reactive response speed in the transient process is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the traditional synchronous phase modulator adopting electric excitation and provides a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system.
The invention discloses a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system which comprises a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor, an m-phase compensation capacitor bank, a first m-phase reactor bank, a second m-phase reactor bank, a first m-phase alternating current chopping unit and a second m-phase alternating current chopping unit, wherein the first m-phase reactor bank is connected with the m-phase compensation capacitor bank;
the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator core and a stator winding, and the stator winding comprises an armature winding and a magnetic field control winding; the armature winding is a three-phase alternating current winding, and an outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with a three-phase power grid; the magnetic field control winding is an m-phase alternating current winding, m is more than or equal to 3, and an outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding is connected with an alternating current input end of a first m-phase alternating current chopping unit; the first m-phase reactor group is connected in a star shape, and each phase outgoing line of the first m-phase reactor group is connected with the alternating current input end of the first m-phase alternating current chopper unit; one end of each capacitor of the m-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding, and the other end of each capacitor of the m-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one alternating current input end of the second-order m-phase alternating current chopping unit; the second m-phase reactor group is connected in a star shape, and each phase outgoing line of the second m-phase reactor group is connected with the alternating current input end of the second m-phase alternating current chopping unit 2; the rotor is of an embedded permanent magnet structure;
when the inductive reactive power output by the phase modulator system needs to be increased, the duty ratio of a second m-phase alternating current chopper unit is increased; when the output capacitive reactive power of the phase modulator needs to be increased, the output capacitive reactive power is realized by increasing the duty ratio of the first-order m-phase alternating current chopper unit.
Preferably, the system further comprises a bidirectional power converter, a change-over switch and an inertia flywheel;
the outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with the three-phase power grid through the change-over switch, meanwhile, the outgoing line of the armature winding is also connected with the output end of the bidirectional power converter, and the input end of the bidirectional power converter is directly connected with the three-phase power grid or connected with the three-phase power grid through a transformer; the rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor is coaxially connected with the inertia flywheel;
when the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system is started and connected to the grid, the output frequency of the bidirectional power converter is gradually increased from zero Hz to be higher than the grid frequency, the bidirectional power converter controls the rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor to be accelerated from a static state to be higher than synchronous rotation speed, the electromotive force of the armature winding of the motor is detected, the output current of the magnetic field control winding is regulated, the phase sequence of the electromotive force of the armature winding is the same as the phase sequence of the voltage of the three-phase grid, the magnitude and the phase of the electromotive force of the armature winding and the magnitude and the phase of the corresponding phase voltage of the three-phase grid meet grid connection conditions, and then the change-over switch is closed, so that the armature winding is connected with the three-phase grid;
when the reactive power output by the armature winding to the three-phase power grid is insufficient, the bidirectional power converter is controlled to enable the connection end of the bidirectional power converter and the three-phase power grid to output reactive current, namely the bidirectional power converter operates as an active reactive power compensation device;
when the active power of the three-phase power grid needs to be adjusted, the change-over switch is disconnected, so that the armature winding is separated from the three-phase power grid; the bidirectional power converter converts kinetic energy stored by the rotor and the inertia flywheel of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor into electric energy to be transmitted to a three-phase power grid, or increases the rotating speed of the motor, converts the electric energy of the three-phase power grid into the kinetic energy to be stored in the rotor and the inertia flywheel of the motor, and accordingly bidirectional regulation of active power is achieved.
Preferably, the first m-phase alternating current chopping unit and the second m-phase alternating current chopping unit have the same structure and comprise a rectifying circuit, a chopper circuit and a buffer circuit;
the chopper circuit is composed of 1 switching tube, the rectifier circuit is composed of 2m diodes, and the buffer circuit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor; m diodes in 2m diodes of the rectifying circuit are connected in common with the cathode, the cathode is used as the anode of the rectifying circuit, the other m diodes are connected in common with the anode, and the anode is used as the cathode of the rectifying circuit; the anodes of the m diodes connected with the common cathode are respectively connected with the cathodes of the m diodes connected with the common anode, and the connection point is used as m alternating current input ends of a first m alternating current chopping unit or a second m alternating current chopping unit; the collector of the switch tube in the chopper circuit is connected with the anode of the rectifier circuit, and the emitter is connected with the cathode of the rectifier circuit; one end of a capacitor in the buffer circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the rectifying circuit, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the cathode of a diode and one end of a resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with the positive electrode of the rectifying circuit.
Preferably, the first m-phase alternating current chopping unit and the second m-phase alternating current chopping unit have the same structure and comprise chopping rectification circuits and buffer circuits;
the chopping rectification circuit consists of 2m switching tubes; the buffer circuit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor; m switching tubes in 2m switching tubes of the chopping rectification circuit are connected in a common collector mode, the collector serves as the anode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other m switching tubes are connected in a common emitter mode, and the emitter serves as the cathode of the chopping rectification circuit; the common collector is connected with the emitting electrodes of the m switch tubes and is respectively connected with the collector electrodes of the m switch tubes connected with the common emitter, and the connection point is used as m alternating current input ends of a first m-phase alternating current chopping unit or a second m-phase alternating current chopping unit; one end of a capacitor in the buffer circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the cathode of a diode and one end of a resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with the positive electrode of the chopping rectification circuit.
Preferably, the first m-phase alternating current chopping unit and the second m-phase alternating current chopping unit have the same structure and comprise a chopper circuit and a buffer circuit;
the chopper circuit is composed of 2m switching tubes; the buffer circuit is composed of 2m diodes, 2m capacitors and 2m resistors; emitting electrodes of every 2 of 2m switch tubes in the chopper circuit are connected together to form 1 alternating current switch in an inverse series connection mode, the 2m switch tubes form m alternating current switches in total, collecting electrodes of m switch tubes in the m alternating current switches are connected together, and collecting electrode leading-out wires of the m switch tubes are used as m alternating current input ends of a first-number m alternating current chopper unit or a second-number m alternating current chopper unit; the buffer circuit is composed of 2m buffer circuit units, each buffer circuit unit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor, each buffer circuit unit is connected with two ends of a switch tube in parallel, one end of the capacitor in each buffer circuit unit is connected with an emitting electrode of the switch tube, the other end of the capacitor is connected with a cathode of the diode and one end of the resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with a collector of the switch tube.
Preferably, the switching tube adopts an IGBT type high-power semiconductor device.
Preferably, the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor adopts a radial magnetic field structure or an axial magnetic field structure.
Preferably, the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor adopts a single-stator structure or a multi-stator structure; the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor adopts an inner rotor structure or an outer rotor structure; the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor adopts a single-rotor structure or a multi-rotor structure.
Preferably, the magnetic field control winding is embedded at the bottom of the stator core slot, and the armature winding is embedded at the notch side of the stator core slot; the armature winding is a three-phase double-layer lap winding.
Preferably, a rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor is provided with a damping winding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the structure and the control method of the system are simple; the system can emit inductive reactive power and absorb the inductive reactive power; permanent magnets are adopted for excitation, electric brushes and slip rings are omitted, and the system is low in loss and temperature rise, long in service life and high in reliability; the equivalent electromagnetic air gap is large, the direct axis synchronous reactance is small, and the reactive response speed in the transient process is high. The invention has good application prospect in the power system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an AC chopper unit according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an AC chopper unit according to a fourth embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an ac chopper unit according to the fifth embodiment.
In the figure: 1. an armature winding; 2. a magnetic field control winding; 3. a first m-phase AC chopper unit; 4. a second m-phase AC chopper unit; 5. a number m phase reactor bank; 6. a second m-phase reactor group; 7. an m-phase compensation capacitor bank; 8. a bidirectional power converter; 9. and (6) switching a switch.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the following describes the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1, and the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system according to the present embodiment includes a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor, an m-phase compensation capacitor bank, a first m-phase reactor bank, a second m-phase reactor bank, a first m-phase ac chopper unit, and a second m-phase ac chopper unit;
the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator core and a stator winding, and the stator winding comprises an armature winding and a magnetic field control winding; the armature winding is a three-phase alternating current winding, and an outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with a three-phase power grid; the magnetic field control winding is an m-phase alternating current winding, m is more than or equal to 3, and an outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding is connected with an alternating current input end of a first m-phase alternating current chopping unit; the first m-phase reactor group is connected in a star shape, and each phase outgoing line of the first m-phase reactor group is connected with the alternating current input end of the first m-phase alternating current chopper unit; one end of each capacitor of the m-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding, and the other end of each capacitor of the m-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one alternating current input end of the second-order m-phase alternating current chopping unit; the second m-phase reactor group is connected in a star shape, and each phase outgoing line of the second m-phase reactor group is connected with the alternating current input end of the second m-phase alternating current chopping unit 2; the rotor is of an embedded permanent magnet structure;
when the phase modulator system needs to increase the output inductive reactive power, the duty ratio of the second-order m-phase alternating current chopping unit is increased, the duty ratio of the second-order m-phase alternating current chopping unit connected with the m-phase compensation capacitor bank is increased, the alternating current with the magnetism increasing property in the magnetic field control winding is further increased, the air gap magnetic field is enhanced, the induced electromotive force of the armature winding is increased, and the inductive current output by the armature winding is increased; when the output capacitive reactive power of the phase modulator needs to be increased, the duty ratio of the m-phase AC chopper unit directly connected with the magnetic field control winding is increased by increasing the duty ratio of the m-phase AC chopper unit, so that the demagnetizing alternating current in the magnetic field control winding is increased, the air gap magnetic field is weakened, the induced electromotive force of the armature winding is reduced, and the capacitive current output by the armature winding is increased.
One specific example is given: the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system comprises a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor, a three-phase compensation capacitor bank, a first three-phase reactor bank, a second three-phase reactor bank, a first three-phase alternating current chopping unit and a second three-phase alternating current chopping unit;
the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator core and a stator winding, and the stator winding comprises an armature winding and a magnetic field control winding; the armature winding is a three-phase alternating current winding, and an outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with a three-phase power grid; the magnetic field control winding is a three-phase alternating current winding, and an outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding is connected with an alternating current input end of the first three-phase alternating current chopping unit; the first three-phase reactor group is connected in a star-shaped manner, and each phase leading-out wire of the first three-phase reactor group is connected with the alternating current input end of the first three-phase alternating current chopping unit; one end of each capacitor of the three-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding, and the other end of each capacitor of the three-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one alternating current input end of the second three-phase alternating current chopping unit; the second three-phase reactor group is connected in a star shape, and leading-out wires of all phases of the second three-phase reactor group are connected with the alternating current input end of the second three-phase alternating current chopping unit 2; the rotor is of an embedded permanent magnet structure.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 2, and the present embodiment further describes the first embodiment, and further includes a bidirectional power converter, a change-over switch, and an inertial flywheel;
the outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with the three-phase power grid through the change-over switch, meanwhile, the outgoing line of the armature winding is also connected with the output end of the bidirectional power converter, and the input end of the bidirectional power converter is directly connected with the three-phase power grid or connected with the three-phase power grid through a transformer; the rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor is coaxially connected with the inertia flywheel;
when the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system is started and connected to the grid, gradually increasing the output frequency of the bidirectional power converter from zero Hz to above the grid frequency, controlling the rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor to be accelerated from a static state to a synchronous speed by the bidirectional power converter, detecting the electromotive force of the armature winding of the motor, adjusting the output current of the magnetic field control winding to ensure that the phase sequence of the electromotive force of the armature winding is the same as the phase sequence of the voltage of the three-phase grid, ensuring that the magnitude and the phase of the electromotive force of the armature winding and the magnitude and the phase of the phase voltage corresponding to the three-phase grid meet grid connection conditions, and then closing the change-over switch to ensure that the armature winding is connected with the three-phase grid;
when the reactive power output by the armature winding to the three-phase power grid is insufficient, the bidirectional power converter is controlled to enable the connection end of the bidirectional power converter and the three-phase power grid to output reactive current, namely the bidirectional power converter is used as an active reactive power compensation device to operate;
when the active power of the three-phase power grid needs to be adjusted, the change-over switch is disconnected, and the armature winding is separated from the three-phase power grid; the bidirectional power converter converts kinetic energy stored by the rotor and the inertia flywheel of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor into electric energy to be transmitted to a three-phase power grid, or increases the rotating speed of the motor, converts the electric energy of the three-phase power grid into the kinetic energy to be stored in the rotor and the inertia flywheel of the motor, and accordingly bidirectional regulation of active power is achieved.
A specific example is given: the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system comprises a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor, a three-phase compensation capacitor bank, a first three-phase reactor bank, a second three-phase reactor bank, a first three-phase alternating current chopping unit, a second three-phase alternating current chopping unit, a bidirectional power converter, a change-over switch and an inertia flywheel, wherein m is 3;
the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator core and a stator winding, and the stator winding comprises an armature winding and a magnetic field control winding; the armature winding is a three-phase alternating current winding, and an outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with a three-phase power grid; the magnetic field control winding is a three-phase alternating current winding, and an outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding is connected with an alternating current input end of the first three-phase alternating current chopping unit; the first three-phase reactor group is connected in a star shape, and each phase lead-out wire of the first three-phase reactor group is connected with the alternating current input end of the first three-phase alternating current chopping unit; one end of each capacitor of the three-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding, and the other end of each capacitor of the three-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one alternating current input end of the second three-phase alternating current chopping unit; the second three-phase reactor group is connected in a star shape, and leading-out wires of all phases of the second three-phase reactor group are connected with the alternating current input end of the second three-phase alternating current chopping unit 2; the rotor is of an embedded permanent magnet structure;
the outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with the three-phase power grid through the change-over switch, meanwhile, the outgoing line of the armature winding is also connected with the output end of the bidirectional power converter, and the input end of the bidirectional power converter is directly connected with the three-phase power grid or connected with the three-phase power grid through a transformer; and the rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor is coaxially connected with the inertia flywheel.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 3, and the present embodiment will further describe a first or second embodiment, where the first m-phase ac chopper unit and the second m-phase ac chopper unit have the same structure and include a chopper rectifier circuit and a buffer circuit;
the chopping rectification circuit consists of 2m switching tubes; the buffer circuit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor; m switching tubes in 2m switching tubes of the chopping rectification circuit are connected in a common collector mode, the collector serves as the anode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other m switching tubes are connected in a common emitter mode, and the emitter serves as the cathode of the chopping rectification circuit; the common collector is connected with the emitting electrodes of the m switch tubes and is respectively connected with the collector electrodes of the m switch tubes connected with the common emitter, and the connection point is used as m alternating current input ends of a first m-phase alternating current chopping unit or a second m-phase alternating current chopping unit; one end of a capacitor in the buffer circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the cathode of a diode and one end of a resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with the positive electrode of the chopping rectification circuit.
A specific example is given: and m is 3, and the three-phase alternating current chopping unit comprises a rectifying circuit, a chopper circuit and a buffer circuit.
The chopper circuit is composed of 1 switching tube V; the rectifying circuit consists of 6 diodes D1-D6; the buffer circuit is composed of 1 diode VDs, 1 capacitor Cs and 1 resistor Rs. 3 diodes (D1, D3 and D5) in the 6 diodes of the rectifying circuit are connected with a common cathode, the cathode is used as the anode of the rectifying circuit, the other 3 diodes (D2, D4 and D6) are connected with a common anode, and the anode is used as the cathode of the rectifying circuit; anodes of the 3 diodes (D1, D3 and D5) connected to the common cathode are respectively connected with cathodes of the 3 diodes (D2, D4 and D6) connected to the common anode, and connection points are used as 3 alternating current input ends of the three-phase alternating current chopping unit. The switching tube of the chopper circuit adopts high-power semiconductor devices such as IGBT, the collector of the chopper circuit is connected with the anode of the rectifier circuit, and the emitter of the chopper circuit is connected with the cathode of the rectifier circuit; one end of a capacitor Cs of the buffer circuit is connected with the cathode of the rectifying circuit, the other end of the capacitor Cs is connected with the cathode of the diode VDs and one end of the resistor, and the anode of the diode VDs and the other end of the resistor Rs are connected with the anode of the rectifying circuit.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 4, and the present embodiment will further describe a first or second embodiment, where the m-phase ac chopper unit of the first embodiment and the m-phase ac chopper unit of the second embodiment have the same structure, and include a chopper rectifier circuit and a buffer circuit;
the chopping rectification circuit consists of 2m switching tubes; the buffer circuit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor; m switching tubes in 2m switching tubes of the chopping rectification circuit are connected in a common collector mode, the collector serves as the anode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other m switching tubes are connected in a common emitter mode, and the emitter serves as the cathode of the chopping rectification circuit; the common collector is connected with the emitting electrodes of the m switch tubes and is respectively connected with the collector electrodes of the m switch tubes connected with the common emitter, and the connection point is used as m alternating current input ends of a first m-phase alternating current chopping unit or a second m-phase alternating current chopping unit; one end of a capacitor in the buffer circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the cathode of a diode and one end of a resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with the positive electrode of the chopping rectification circuit.
A specific example is given: the three-phase alternating current chopping unit comprises a chopping rectification circuit and a buffer circuit;
the chopping rectification circuit consists of 6 switching tubes V1-V6; the buffer circuit is composed of 1 diode VDs, 1 capacitor Cs and 1 resistor Rs. 3 switching tubes (V1, V3 and V5) in 6 switching tubes of the chopper rectification circuit are connected with a common collector, a collector is used as the anode of the chopper rectification circuit, the other 3 switching tubes (V2, V4 and V6) are connected with a common emitter, and an emitter is used as the cathode of the chopper rectification circuit; the emitters of the common collector connected with 3 switching tubes (V1, V3 and V5) are respectively connected with the collectors of the common emitter connected with 3 switching tubes (V2, V4 and V6), and the connection points are used as 3 alternating current input ends of the three-phase alternating current chopping unit. The switch tube adopts high-power semiconductor devices such as IGBT and the like. One end of a capacitor Cs of the buffer circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other end of the capacitor Cs is connected with the cathode of the diode VDs and one end of the resistor, and the anode of the diode VDs and the other end of the resistor Rs are connected with the positive electrode of the chopping rectification circuit.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 5, and the present embodiment will further describe a first or second embodiment, where the first m-phase ac chopper unit and the second m-phase ac chopper unit have the same configuration and include a chopper circuit and a buffer circuit;
the chopper circuit is composed of 2m switching tubes; the buffer circuit consists of 2m diodes, 2m capacitors and 2m resistors; emitting electrodes of every 2 of 2m switch tubes in the chopper circuit are connected together to form 1 alternating current switch in an inverse series connection mode, the 2m switch tubes form m alternating current switches in total, collecting electrodes of m switch tubes in the m alternating current switches are connected together, and collecting electrode leading-out wires of the m switch tubes are used as m alternating current input ends of a first-number m alternating current chopper unit or a second-number m alternating current chopper unit; the buffer circuit is composed of 2m buffer circuit units, each buffer circuit unit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor, each buffer circuit unit is connected with two ends of a switch tube in parallel, one end of the capacitor in each buffer circuit unit is connected with an emitting electrode of the switch tube, the other end of the capacitor is connected with a cathode of the diode and one end of the resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with a collector of the switch tube.
A specific example is given: and m is 3, and the three-phase alternating current chopping unit comprises a chopping circuit and a buffer circuit.
The chopper circuit is composed of 6 switching tubes; the buffer circuit is composed of 6 diodes, 6 capacitors and 6 resistors. Emitting electrodes of every 2 of 6 switch tubes of the chopper circuit are connected together to form 1 alternating current switch, 3 alternating current switches are formed by 6 switch tubes, collecting electrodes of 3 switch tubes in the 3 alternating current switches are connected together, and collecting electrode leading-out wires of the other 3 switch tubes serve as 3 alternating current input ends of a three-phase alternating current chopper unit. The switch tube adopts high-power semiconductor devices such as IGBT and the like. The buffer circuit is composed of 6 buffer circuit units, each of which is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor. The 6 buffer circuit units are connected with the 6 switch tubes. One end of a capacitor in each buffer circuit unit is connected with an emitting electrode of the switch tube, the other end of the capacitor is connected with a cathode of the diode and one end of the resistor, and an anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with a collector of the switch tube.
The sixth specific implementation mode: in this embodiment, further description is given to the first or second embodiment, the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor may be in a radial magnetic field structure or an axial magnetic field structure; the structure can be a single stator structure or a multi-stator structure; the structure can be an inner rotor structure or an outer rotor structure; the structure can be a single rotor structure or a multi-rotor structure.
The seventh embodiment: in this embodiment mode, the magnetic field control winding is inserted into the bottom of the stator core slot, and the armature winding is inserted into the notch side of the stator core slot. The armature winding is a three-phase double-layer lap winding.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in this embodiment, the first or second embodiment is further explained, and the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor rotor is provided with a damping winding.
Claims (9)
1. The three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system is characterized by comprising a three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor, an m-phase compensation capacitor bank, a first m-phase reactor bank, a second m-phase reactor bank, a first m-phase alternating current chopping unit, a second m-phase alternating current chopping unit, a bidirectional power converter, a change-over switch and an inertia flywheel;
the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator core and a stator winding, and the stator winding comprises an armature winding and a magnetic field control winding; the armature winding is a three-phase alternating current winding, and an outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with a three-phase power grid; the magnetic field control winding is an m-phase alternating current winding, m is more than or equal to 3, and an outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding is connected with an alternating current input end of a first m-phase alternating current chopping unit; the first m-phase reactor group is connected in a star shape, and each phase outgoing line of the first m-phase reactor group is connected with the alternating current input end of the first m-phase alternating current chopper unit; one end of each capacitor of the m-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one outgoing line of the magnetic field control winding, and the other end of each capacitor of the m-phase compensation capacitor bank is connected with one alternating current input end of the second m-phase alternating current chopping unit; the leading-out wires of all phases of the second m-phase reactor group are connected with the alternating current input end of the second m-phase alternating current chopper unit; the rotor is of an embedded permanent magnet structure;
when the inductive reactive power output by the phase modulator system needs to be increased, the duty ratio of a second-order m-phase alternating current chopper unit is increased; when the output capacitive reactive power of the phase modulator needs to be increased, the output capacitive reactive power is realized by increasing the duty ratio of a first-order m-phase alternating-current chopper unit;
the outgoing line of the armature winding is connected with the three-phase power grid through the change-over switch, meanwhile, the outgoing line of the armature winding is also connected with the output end of the bidirectional power converter, and the input end of the bidirectional power converter is directly connected with the three-phase power grid or connected with the three-phase power grid through a transformer; the rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor is coaxially connected with the inertia flywheel;
when the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system is started and connected to the grid, gradually increasing the output frequency of the bidirectional power converter from zero Hz to above the grid frequency, controlling the rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor to be accelerated from a static state to a synchronous speed by the bidirectional power converter, detecting the electromotive force of the armature winding of the motor, adjusting the output current of the magnetic field control winding to ensure that the phase sequence of the electromotive force of the armature winding is the same as the phase sequence of the voltage of the three-phase grid, ensuring that the magnitude and the phase of the electromotive force of the armature winding and the magnitude and the phase of the phase voltage corresponding to the three-phase grid meet grid connection conditions, and then closing the change-over switch to ensure that the armature winding is connected with the three-phase grid;
when the reactive power output by the armature winding to the three-phase power grid is insufficient, the bidirectional power converter is controlled to enable the connection end of the bidirectional power converter and the three-phase power grid to output reactive current, namely the bidirectional power converter operates as an active reactive power compensation device;
when the active power of the three-phase power grid needs to be adjusted, the change-over switch is disconnected, and the armature winding is separated from the three-phase power grid; the bidirectional power converter converts kinetic energy stored by the rotor and the inertia flywheel of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor into electric energy to be transmitted to a three-phase power grid, or increases the rotating speed of the motor, converts the electric energy of the three-phase power grid into the kinetic energy to be stored in the rotor and the inertia flywheel of the motor, and accordingly bidirectional regulation of active power is achieved.
2. The three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system according to claim 1, wherein the first m-phase AC chopper unit and the second m-phase AC chopper unit have the same structure and comprise a rectifying circuit, a chopper circuit and a buffer circuit;
the chopper circuit is composed of 1 switching tube, the rectifier circuit is composed of 2m diodes, and the buffer circuit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor; m diodes in 2m diodes of the rectifying circuit are connected in common with the cathode, the cathode is used as the anode of the rectifying circuit, the other m diodes are connected in common with the anode, and the anode is used as the cathode of the rectifying circuit; the anodes of the m diodes connected with the common cathode are respectively connected with the cathodes of the m diodes connected with the common anode, and the connection point is used as m alternating current input ends of a first m alternating current chopping unit or a second m alternating current chopping unit; the collector of the switch tube in the chopper circuit is connected with the anode of the rectifier circuit, and the emitter is connected with the cathode of the rectifier circuit; one end of a capacitor in the buffer circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the rectifying circuit, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the cathode of a diode and one end of a resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with the positive electrode of the rectifying circuit.
3. The three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system according to claim 1, wherein the first m-phase AC chopper unit and the second m-phase AC chopper unit have the same structure and comprise a chopper rectification circuit and a buffer circuit;
the chopping rectification circuit consists of 2m switching tubes; the buffer circuit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor; m switching tubes in 2m switching tubes of the chopping rectification circuit are connected in a common collector mode, the collector serves as the anode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other m switching tubes are connected in a common emitter mode, and the emitter serves as the cathode of the chopping rectification circuit; the common collector is connected with the emitting electrodes of the m switching tubes and is respectively connected with the collecting electrodes of the m switching tubes connected with the common emitting electrodes, and the connection point is used as m alternating current input ends of a first m alternating current chopping unit or a second m alternating current chopping unit; one end of a capacitor in the buffer circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the chopping rectification circuit, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the cathode of a diode and one end of a resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with the positive electrode of the chopping rectification circuit.
4. The three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system according to claim 1, wherein the first m-phase AC chopper unit and the second m-phase AC chopper unit have the same structure and comprise chopper circuits and buffer circuits;
the chopper circuit is composed of 2m switching tubes; the buffer circuit is composed of 2m diodes, 2m capacitors and 2m resistors; emitting electrodes of every 2 of 2m switch tubes in the chopper circuit are connected together to form 1 alternating current switch in an inverse series connection mode, the 2m switch tubes form m alternating current switches in total, collecting electrodes of m switch tubes in the m alternating current switches are connected together, and collecting electrode leading-out wires of the m switch tubes are used as m alternating current input ends of a first-number m alternating current chopper unit or a second-number m alternating current chopper unit; the buffer circuit is composed of 2m buffer circuit units, each buffer circuit unit is composed of 1 diode, 1 capacitor and 1 resistor, each buffer circuit unit is connected with two ends of a switch tube in parallel, one end of the capacitor in each buffer circuit unit is connected with an emitting electrode of the switch tube, the other end of the capacitor is connected with a cathode of the diode and one end of the resistor, and the anode of the diode and the other end of the resistor are connected with a collector of the switch tube.
5. The three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the switching tube is an IGBT type high-power semiconductor device.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor is of a radial magnetic field configuration or an axial magnetic field configuration.
7. The three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous phase modulator system according to claim 1, wherein the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor adopts a single-stator structure or a multi-stator structure; the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor adopts an inner rotor structure or an outer rotor structure; the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor adopts a single-rotor structure or a multi-rotor structure.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the field control winding is embedded in the bottom of the stator core slot, and the armature winding is embedded in the slot side of the stator core slot; the armature winding is a three-phase double-layer lap winding.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the rotor of the three-phase hybrid excitation synchronous motor is provided with a damping winding.
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