CN113297734B - Visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for assembly process in limited space - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a pre-calculated visibility evaluation value, an operation accessibility evaluation value and a work fatigue evaluation value; based on the visibility evaluation value, the operation accessibility evaluation value and the working fatigue evaluation value, a final comprehensive evaluation value is obtained according to a weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm. The simulation evaluation result of the invention can provide basis for improving the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space, shortens the assembly period of the complex electronic equipment, and reduces the research and development cost of the complex equipment system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer modeling and numerical analysis, in particular to a limited space internal assembly process simulation evaluation method based on a visual cone.
Background
With the continuous forward advancement of military revolution, more united and cooperative complex equipment is put into high and new technology war, in the assembly and operation and maintenance research of military high-density electronic equipment at present, the assembly space is narrow, the assembly operation is narrow, the traditional human factor performance design and evaluation mainly takes simple size and data analysis as the basis, namely mainly takes the experience of designers combined with relevant national standards, national army standards and other standards as the basis, and a more advanced method is to utilize simulation software or build a simulation physical simulation system for verification. The first method is greatly influenced by the inductive factors, the reference standard is not uniform, the method cannot form the artificial engineering analysis data of the system, the conclusion of the method is not fully and reasonably obtained, more beneficial support cannot be provided for complex and changeable assembly operation and maintenance environments such as narrow space high-density electronic equipment, especially, the visual range of the assembled parts in the narrow space is not reachable, and the assembly efficiency is reduced. For the simulation evaluation means of the simulation physical object, because related equipment is expensive, a brand new simulation space is built or designed for each experiment, and the time, economy and labor cost consumed by the simulation space are too high and the efficiency is low. The efficiency of the assembly personnel in a small space directly affects the assembly efficiency of the system, so how to evaluate the visual accessibility in the assembly process is particularly important. However, no simulation and evaluation system with strong pertinence is available in the industry to do corresponding work, so that the difficulty of analysis and evaluation of assembly and operation and maintenance is increased, and further the improvement of assembly and operation and maintenance efficiency is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, which overcomes the defect that the traditional evaluation method cannot adapt to complex and changeable assembly operation and maintenance environments such as narrow space high-density electronic equipment.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purposes of the invention:
the invention provides a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a pre-calculated visibility evaluation value, an operation accessibility evaluation value and a work fatigue evaluation value;
based on the visibility evaluation value, the operation accessibility evaluation value and the working fatigue evaluation value, a final comprehensive evaluation value is obtained according to a weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm.
Further, based on a real assembly space environment, after a human-computer interaction simulation scene of virtual reality is constructed by using the open source engine UE4, the visual cone angle of the human eyes and the device axis angle of the cone are calculated according to an angle algorithm of space rectangular coordinates, and a visual evaluation value is obtained through a visual classification weighting algorithm.
Further, the formula of the visibility analysis evaluation value is as follows:
k 1 =-0.13α+10.0
k 2 =-0.20β+10.0
k=0.6k 1 +0.4k 2
wherein alpha is a horizontal offset angle; beta is the device axis angle; k (k) 1 Scoring values for horizontal offset angles; k (k) 2 The device axis angle is the device axis angle; k is a visibility analysis evaluation value.
Further, based on a man-machine interaction simulation scene, the size parameter of the upper limb of the human body and the spatial parameter of the position where the assembly device is located are calculated according to an angle algorithm of the space rectangular coordinates, and an operation reachability classification weighting algorithm is used for obtaining an operation reachability evaluation value.
Further, the operation reachability evaluation value is formulated as follows:
k b1 =-20g/h+30
k b2 =-19n/l+29
k b3 =-21c/w+31
k b =0.25k b1 +0.35k b2 +0.4k b3
wherein g is the head-chest distance; h is the height of the space where the component is located; n is the shoulder width; l is the width of the space where the component is located; c is arm length; the depth of the space where the w component is located; k (k) b1 Scoring the height portion; k (k) b2 A width portion evaluation value; k (k) b3 A depth section evaluation value; k (k) b To operate reachability evaluation values.
Further, based on a man-machine interaction simulation scene, geometrical parameters of a narrow space where an assembler is located are obtained through space rectangular coordinates, the working posture of a human body is determined, and then a working fatigue evaluation value is obtained through a working fatigue algorithm according to the time length required by actual assembly operation and the working posture of the human body.
Further, the work fatigue evaluation value k ci The formula of (i=1, 2,3, 4) is as follows:
k c1 =-0.2t+12
k c2 =-0.24t+12
k c3 =-0.22t+12
k c4 =-0.19t+12
wherein t is the working time; k (k) c1 A work fatigue evaluation value for a human body in a standing posture; k (k) c2 The working fatigue evaluation value is the working fatigue evaluation value when the human body is in a semi-squatting position; k (k) c3 The working fatigue evaluation value is the working fatigue evaluation value when the human body is in a squatting posture; k (k) c4 An evaluation value of work fatigue when the human body is in a supine position.
Further, the formula of the weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm is as follows:
wherein, gamma is the comprehensive evaluation value; k is a visibility analysis evaluation value; k (k) b Evaluating a value for operational reachability; k (k) ci Is an evaluation value of work fatigue.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention evaluates the design of the assembly process from the aspects of visual accessibility, operation accessibility and physical durability, and comprehensively considers the influence of the assembly visual factors and the operation space in a narrow space, so the quality of the assembly process of the system can be evaluated more comprehensively, and the assembly process of the system can be evaluated in the early stage of the design. The method is characterized in that the method analyzes the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment, finds unreasonable parts in the assembly process, and optimizes the quality of the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space through adjustment and improvement. The simulation evaluation result of the invention can provide basis for improving the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space, shortens the assembly period of the complex electronic equipment, and reduces the research and development cost of the complex equipment system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart diagram of a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, which is provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a visibility analysis in a simulation evaluation method of an assembly process in a limited space based on a visual cone, which is provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an operational reachability analysis in a limited space assembly process simulation evaluation method based on a visual cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a human body operation space analysis flow in a simulation evaluation method of an assembly process in a limited space based on a visual cone according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, which respectively provides corresponding theories and evaluation standards according to definitions of operation visibility, accessibility and fatigue degree, and then carries out quantitative evaluation on corresponding indexes of the visibility. The method is characterized in that the method analyzes the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment, finds unreasonable parts in the assembly process, and optimizes the quality of the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space through adjustment and improvement.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention includes the following steps:
step one, based on a real assembly space environment, a human-computer interaction simulation scene of virtual reality is constructed by using an open source engine UE 4.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a visibility analysis method, wherein the optimal field area of the visible cone is a space cone with a normal line of sight as a central line and a line intersecting the central line at an angle of 15 degrees as a bus, and the area is the optimal field area. When the object is in the optimal visual field area, the human eyes can clearly and comfortably observe the object, fatigue is not easy to generate, and the visibility is good; when the object is in the optimal visual field, the human eyes are not easy to generate fatigue and the visibility is good. The best field of view region may be referred to as a best field viewing cone.
And constructing real life assembly environments and assembly staff in the same proportion in the virtual scene of the UE 4. And (3) establishing a space rectangular coordinate system by taking the middle points of the two eyes of the person as an origin, wherein the coordinates of the middle points of the two eyes are o (0, 0). Taking the geometric center point coordinates p (x) 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) And on the y-z plane of the coordinate system, the point coordinate q (x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ). Firstly, we calculate the distance d from o point to p point, and then calculate the horizontal sight of human eyes and the horizontal deviation angle alpha of sight to p point. And then, constructing a cone by taking p as a circle center, taking the distance between p and q as a radius and taking o as a cone vertex, and calculating the device axis angle beta of the cone by using an angle algorithm of a space rectangular coordinate.
The best observation effect can be obtained when the line of sight looks at an object, and therefore, when α is 0, the observation effect is best. Defining the value of the horizontal offset angle alpha score as k 1 (0~10),k 1 The linear relationship with α is:
k 1 =-0.13α+10.0 (1.1)
the higher the score value, the better the observation effect.
When the device axis angle beta is smaller than 15 degrees, the best observation effect is achieved, and the device axis angle beta scoring value k is defined next 2 (0~10),k 2 The relation with beta is:
k 2 =-0.20β+10.0 (1.2)
fully considering the influence weight of the horizontal offset angle alpha and the device axis angle beta on the visibility effect, and obtaining a visibility analysis evaluation value which is the weighted sum k (0-10) of the horizontal offset angle alpha and the device axis angle beta, wherein k and k are the same as each other 1 、k 2 The relation of (2) is:
k=0.6k 1 +0.4k 2 (1.3)
step three, fig. 3 is a block diagram of an operation accessibility analysis method, and an assembly environment and an assembly staff constructed in the step two are flexibly assembled or maintained by using double arms and double hands at the position of the device. Obtaining geometrical parameters (length l, width w and height h) of the space where the assembly part is located by a coordinate system calculation method in the second step, and thenHuman body dimension parameters such as arm length c, shoulder width n, and straight line distance g from top of head to chest of the assembler are obtained. From assembly experience, it is known that the head-to-chest distance g should be less than the height h of the space in which the component is located, the shoulder width n should be less than the width l of the space, and the arm length c should be less than the length w of the space. The smaller the values of g/h, n/l, c/w, the higher the operational accessibility. We use k b1 (0~10)、k b2 (0~10)、k b3 (0-10) as operation reachability subsection scores corresponding to g/h, n/l and c/w respectively, and the corresponding relation is as follows:
k b1 =-20g/h+30
k b2 =-19n/l+29
k b3 =-21c/w+31 (2.1)
let the operation accessibility evaluation value be k b (0-10), fully considering the influence weight relation of g/h, n/l and c/w in the actual assembly process as g/h<n/l<c/w, the operation reachability evaluation value formula is as follows:
k b =0.25k b1 +0.35k b2 +0.4k b3 (2.2)
step four, fig. 4 is a block diagram of a fatigue analysis method, in which the influence of the pose of an assembler in an assembly space and the working time on the assembly work is great, and the fatigue of a human body is mainly caused when the assembler works in a narrow space for a period of time while keeping a certain pose, so that the working efficiency is reduced. And step two, constructing an assembly environment and an assembly staff, acquiring geometric parameters of a narrow space where the assembly staff is positioned by a coordinate system calculation method in the step two, further determining the working posture of a human body, and scoring the working fatigue degree by combining the required working time.
Let work fatigue score be k ci (i=1,2,3,4):
When the human body is in a standing posture, the required working time is set to be t (minutes), and the working fatigue evaluation value k is set c1 (0-10) is:
k c1 =-0.2t+12 (3.1)
when the human body is in a semi-squatting position, the required working time is set to be t (minutes), and the working fatigue degree is scored k c2 (0-10) is:
k c2 =-0.24t+12 (3.2)
when the human body is in a squatting position, the required working time is set to be t (minutes), and the working fatigue degree is scored k c3 (0-10) is:
k c3 =-0.22t+12 (3.3)
when the human body is in the supine position, the required working time is set as t (minutes) and the working fatigue degree is scored as k c4 (0-10) is:
k c4 =-0.19t+12 (3.4)
and fifthly, performing visibility analysis evaluation values, operation reachability evaluation values and working fatigue evaluation values obtained through the second step, the third step and the fourth step. By classification weighting, not only the influence of each evaluation index on the assembly efficiency, but also the influence of the interrelationship among the indexes are considered. Because the relevancy of the visibility and the operation reachability is higher, the relevancy of the fatigue degree, the visibility and the reachability is lower, and the final comprehensive evaluation value is set as gamma:
the invention evaluates the design of the assembly process from the aspects of visual accessibility, operation accessibility and physical durability, and comprehensively considers the influence of the assembly visual factors and the operation space in a narrow space, so the quality of the assembly process of the system can be evaluated more comprehensively, and the assembly process of the system can be evaluated in the early stage of the design. The method is characterized in that the method analyzes the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment, finds unreasonable parts in the assembly process, and optimizes the quality of the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space through adjustment and improvement. The simulation evaluation result of the invention can provide basis for improving the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space, shortens the assembly period of the complex electronic equipment, and reduces the research and development cost of the complex equipment system.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for simulating and evaluating the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a pre-calculated visibility evaluation value, an operation accessibility evaluation value and a work fatigue evaluation value;
based on the visibility evaluation value, the operation accessibility evaluation value and the working fatigue evaluation value, obtaining a final comprehensive evaluation value according to a weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm;
the formula of the weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm is as follows:
;
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a comprehensive evaluation value; />Analyzing an evaluation value for visibility; />Evaluating a value for operational reachability; />An evaluation value for work fatigue;
the formula of the visibility analysis evaluation value is as follows:
;
;
;
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the horizontal offset angle; />The device axis angle is the device axis angle; />Scoring values for horizontal offset angles; />The device axis angle is the device axis angle; />Analyzing an evaluation value for visibility;
the formula of the operation reachability evaluation value is as follows:
;
;
;
;
in the method, in the process of the invention,gis the head-chest distance;hthe height of the space where the component is located;nis shoulder width;lthe width of the space where the component is located;cis arm length;wthe depth of the space in which the component is located;scoring the height portion; />A width portion evaluation value; />A depth section evaluation value; />Evaluating a value for operational reachability;
the work fatigue evaluation value(iThe formula =1, 2,3, 4) is as follows:
;
;
;
;
in the method, in the process of the invention,tthe working time is the working time;a work fatigue evaluation value for a human body in a standing posture; />The working fatigue evaluation value is the working fatigue evaluation value when the human body is in a semi-squatting position; />The working fatigue evaluation value is the working fatigue evaluation value when the human body is in a squatting posture; />An evaluation value of work fatigue when the human body is in a supine position.
2. The simulation evaluation method for the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that based on the real assembly space environment, after a virtual reality man-machine interaction simulation scene is constructed by using an open source engine UE4, the visual cone angle of the human eye and the device axis angle of the cone are calculated according to an angle algorithm of a space rectangular coordinate, and a visibility evaluation value is obtained through a visibility classification weighting algorithm.
3. The simulation evaluation method for the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that based on a human-computer interaction simulation scene, the dimension parameters of the upper limbs of the human body and the space parameters of the positions of the assembly devices are calculated according to an angle algorithm of space rectangular coordinates, and an operation reachability evaluation value is obtained by an operation reachability classification weighting algorithm.
4. The simulation evaluation method for the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that based on a human-computer interaction simulation scene, geometrical parameters of a narrow space where an assembly person is located are obtained through space rectangular coordinates, the working posture of a human body is determined, and then a working fatigue evaluation value is obtained through a working fatigue algorithm according to the time length required by actual assembly operation and the working posture of the human body.
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