CN113297734A - Visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for assembly process in limited space - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a visibility evaluation value, an operation accessibility evaluation value and a working fatigue evaluation value which are calculated in advance; and obtaining a final comprehensive evaluation value according to a weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm based on the visibility evaluation value, the operation accessibility evaluation value and the working fatigue evaluation value. The simulation evaluation result of the invention can provide a basis for improving the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space, shorten the assembly period of the complex electronic equipment and reduce the research and development cost of a complex equipment system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer modeling and numerical analysis, in particular to a simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space based on a visual cone.
Background
With the continuous forward progress of military revolution, more combined cooperative complex equipment is invested in high and new technology wars, the assembly space is narrow and the assembly operation is narrow in the assembly and operation and maintenance research of military high-density electronic equipment at present, the traditional human factor efficiency design and evaluation mainly takes simple size and data analysis as the main basis, namely the standards such as relevant national standards and national military standards are mainly combined with the experience of designers as the basis, and the more advanced method is to utilize simulation software or build a simulation system for simulation and physical simulation for verification. The first method is greatly influenced by perceptual factors, and reference standards are not uniform, so that human factor engineering analysis data of a system cannot be formed, a sufficiently reasonable conclusion cannot be obtained, more beneficial supports cannot be provided for complex and changeable assembly, operation and maintenance environments such as high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space, the visual range of parts can not be reached particularly when the parts are assembled in the narrow space, and the assembly efficiency is reduced. For the simulation evaluation means of the simulated real object, because related equipment is expensive, a brand-new simulation space is built or designed every time an experiment is performed, the consumed time, the economic cost and the labor cost are too high, and the efficiency is low. The working efficiency of an assembler in a narrow space directly affects the assembly efficiency of the system, and therefore, how to evaluate the visual accessibility in the assembly process is very important. However, in the industry at present, a highly targeted simulation and evaluation system does not exist to do corresponding work, so that the analysis and evaluation difficulty of assembly and operation and maintenance is increased, and further the improvement of the assembly and operation and maintenance efficiency is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, and overcomes the defect that the traditional evaluation method cannot adapt to complex and changeable assembly, operation and maintenance environments such as narrow-space high-density electronic equipment.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention:
the invention provides a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a visibility evaluation value, an operation accessibility evaluation value and a working fatigue evaluation value which are calculated in advance;
and obtaining a final comprehensive evaluation value according to a weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm based on the visibility evaluation value, the operation accessibility evaluation value and the working fatigue evaluation value.
Further, based on a real assembly space environment, after a virtual reality human-computer interaction simulation scene is constructed by using an open source engine UE4, a visual cone angle of human eyes and a device axial distance angle of the cone are calculated according to an angle algorithm of a space rectangular coordinate, and a visibility evaluation value is obtained through a visibility classification weighting algorithm.
Further, the formula of the visibility analysis evaluation value is as follows:
k1＝-0.13α+10.0
k2＝-0.20β+10.0
k＝0.6k1+0.4k2
wherein, alpha is a horizontal offset angle; beta is the device pitch angle; k is a radical of1Is the horizontal offset angle score value; k is a radical of2Is the device pitch angle; k is a visibility analysis evaluation value.
Further, based on a human-computer interaction simulation scene, calculating the size parameter of the upper limb of the human body and the space parameter of the position where the assembling device is located according to an angle algorithm of a space rectangular coordinate, and obtaining an operation accessibility evaluation value through an operation accessibility classification weighting algorithm.
Further, the formula of the operation reachability evaluation value is as follows:
kb1＝-20g/h+30
kb2＝-19n/l+29
kb3＝-21c/w+31
kb＝0.25kb1+0.35kb2+0.4kb3
wherein g is the distance between the head and the chest; h is the height of the space where the component is located; n is shoulder width; l is the width of the space where the component is located; c is the arm length; the depth of the space in which the w component is located; k is a radical ofb1A height part score value; k is a radical ofb2Is a width portion evaluation value; k is a radical ofb3For partial evaluation of depthEstimating values; k is a radical ofbTo operate the reachability evaluation value.
Further, based on a human-computer interaction simulation scene, geometric parameters of a narrow space where an assembler is located are obtained through a space rectangular coordinate, the working posture of the human body is determined, and then a working fatigue degree evaluation value is obtained through a working fatigue degree algorithm according to the time length required by actual assembly operation and the working posture of the human body.
Further, the working fatigue evaluation value kciThe formula of (i ═ 1,2,3,4) is as follows:
kc1＝-0.2t+12
kc2＝-0.24t+12
kc3＝-0.22t+12
kc4＝-0.19t+12
in the formula, t is the working duration; k is a radical ofc1Evaluating the working fatigue degree of a human body in a standing posture; k is a radical ofc2Evaluating the working fatigue degree of the human body in the semi-squatting posture; k is a radical ofc3Evaluating the working fatigue degree of the human body in the squatting posture; k is a radical ofc4The working fatigue of the human body in the supine position is evaluated.
Further, the formula of the weighted overall rating algorithm is as follows:
wherein γ is a comprehensive evaluation value; k is a visibility analysis evaluation value; k is a radical ofbTo operate the accessibility assessment value; k is a radical ofciThe evaluation value is the working fatigue degree.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention evaluates the design of the assembly process from the perspective of visual accessibility, operational accessibility and physical endurance, and the method comprehensively considers the influence of the assembly visual factors and the size of the operation space in a narrow space, so the quality of the assembly process of the system can be comprehensively evaluated, and the assembly process of the system can be evaluated at the early stage of design. The assembling process of the high-density electronic equipment is analyzed, unreasonable parts are found, and the quality of the assembling process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space is optimized through adjustment and improvement. The simulation evaluation result of the invention can provide a basis for improving the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space, shorten the assembly period of the complex electronic equipment and reduce the research and development cost of a complex equipment system.
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Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a simulation evaluation method of an assembly process in a limited space based on a visual cone according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a visibility analysis flow in a simulation evaluation method of an assembly process in a limited space based on a visualization cone, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an operational accessibility analysis flow in a simulation evaluation method of an assembly process in a limited space based on a visualization cone, provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of an analysis flow of a human body operation space in a simulation evaluation method of an assembly process in a limited space based on a visual cone according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space, which respectively provides corresponding theories and evaluation standards according to the definitions of operation visibility, accessibility and fatigue degree, and then quantitatively evaluates corresponding indexes of visibility. The assembling process of the high-density electronic equipment is analyzed, unreasonable parts are found, and the quality of the assembling process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space is optimized through adjustment and improvement.
As shown in fig. 1, is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention, including the following steps:
step one, based on a real assembly space environment, a virtual reality human-computer interaction simulation scene is constructed by utilizing an open source engine UE 4.
And step two, fig. 2 is a block diagram of a visibility analysis method, the optimal visual field area of the visual cone is a space cone which takes a normal sight line as a central line and takes a straight line which has an intersection angle of 15 degrees with the central line as a generatrix, and the area is the optimal visual field area. When the object is in the optimal visual field area, human eyes can clearly and comfortably observe the object, fatigue is not easy to generate, and the visibility is good; when the object is in the best visual field, the human eyes are not easy to generate fatigue when observing the object, and the visibility is better. The optimal viewing area may be referred to as an optimal viewing cone.
Real-life assembly environments and assembly personnel are built in equal proportions in a UE4 virtual scene. A space rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the middle points of two eyes of a person as an origin, and the coordinate of the middle points of the two eyes is o (0,0, 0). Taking the coordinate p (x) of the geometric center point of the assembled device1,y1,z1) And the point coordinate q (x) farthest from the geometric center point in the device on the y-z plane of the coordinate system2,y2,z2). Firstly, the distance d from the point o to the point p is calculated, and then the horizontal offset angle alpha of the horizontal line of sight of human eyes and the line of sight looking at the point p is calculated. And then taking p as the center of a circle, the distance between p and q as the radius and o as the vertex of the cone, constructing the cone, and calculating the device axial distance angle beta of the cone by utilizing an angle algorithm of a space rectangular coordinate.
The best observation effect can be obtained when the sight line looks at the object at the head, and therefore the best observation effect is obtained when α is 0. Defining the horizontal offset angle alpha score as k1(0～10)，k1The linear relationship with α is:
k1＝-0.13α+10.0 (1.1)
the higher the score value, the better the observation.
When the device axial distance angle beta is less than 15 degrees, the observation effect is best, and then the method is determinedDefining device Axis Angle β score value k2(0～10)，k2The relationship to β is:
k2＝-0.20β+10.0 (1.2)
fully considering the influence weight of the horizontal deviation angle alpha and the device axial distance angle beta on the visibility effect, obtaining a visibility analysis evaluation value as a weighted sum k (0-10) of the horizontal deviation angle alpha and the device axial distance angle beta, wherein k and k are1、k2The relation of (A) is as follows:
k＝0.6k1+0.4k2 (1.3)
and step three, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an operational accessibility analysis method, and the assembling environment and the assembling personnel constructed in the step two flexibly use double arms and double hands to complete the assembling or the maintenance of the device at the position of the device. And (5) acquiring geometric parameters (length l, width w and height h) of the space where the assembly part is located by the coordinate system calculation method in the step two, and then acquiring human body size parameters such as arm length c, shoulder width n, linear distance g from the top of the head to the chest and the like of the assembly personnel. As can be seen from assembly experience, the distance g between the head and the chest should be less than the height h of the space in which the component is located, the shoulder width n should be less than the width l of the space, and the arm length c should be less than the length w of the space. The smaller the values of g/h, n/l, c/w, the higher the operational accessibility. We use kb1(0～10)、kb2(0～10)、kb3(0-10) respectively serving as the scores of the operation accessibility subsections corresponding to g/h, n/l and c/w, wherein the corresponding relation is as follows:
kb1＝-20g/h+30
kb2＝-19n/l+29
kb3＝-21c/w+31 (2.1)
let the operation reachability evaluation value be kb(0-10), the influence weight relationship of g/h, n/l, c/w in the actual assembly process is fully considered as g/h<n/l<c/w, obtaining an operation accessibility evaluation value formula as follows:
kb＝0.25kb1+0.35kb2+0.4kb3 (2.2)
step four, fig. 4 is a fatigue degree analysis block diagram, and the posture and the working time of the assembler in the assembly space have great influence on the assembly work, which mainly reflects that the human body is fatigued when the assembler works in a narrow space for a period of time while keeping a certain posture, thereby reducing the working efficiency. And step two, constructing an assembly environment and an assembly worker, acquiring the geometric parameters of the narrow space where the assembly worker is located by the coordinate system calculation method in the step two, further determining the working posture of the human body, and grading the working fatigue degree by combining the required working duration.
Let the working fatigue score be kci(i＝1,2,3,4)：
When the human body is in a standing posture, the required working time is set to be t (minutes), and the working fatigue degree evaluation value k is setc1(0-10) is:
kc1＝-0.2t+12 (3.1)
when the human body is in a semi-squatting posture, the required working time is set as t (minutes), and the working fatigue degree score k is setc2(0-10) is:
kc2＝-0.24t+12 (3.2)
when the human body is in the squatting posture, the required working time is set as t (minutes), and the working fatigue degree score k is set asc3(0-10) is:
kc3＝-0.22t+12 (3.3)
when the human body is in the supine position, the required working time is set as t (minutes), and the working fatigue degree score k is setc4(0-10) is:
kc4＝-0.19t+12 (3.4)
and step five, obtaining a visibility analysis evaluation value, an operation accessibility evaluation value and a working fatigue degree evaluation value through the step two, the step three and the step four. Through classification weighting, not only the influence of each evaluation index on the assembly efficiency is considered, but also the influence of the mutual relation among the indexes is considered. Since the degree of correlation between visibility and operability is high, and the degree of correlation between fatigue and visibility and accessibility is low, the final comprehensive evaluation value is set as γ:
the invention evaluates the design of the assembly process from the perspective of visual accessibility, operational accessibility and physical endurance, and the method comprehensively considers the influence of the assembly visual factors and the size of the operation space in a narrow space, so the quality of the assembly process of the system can be comprehensively evaluated, and the assembly process of the system can be evaluated at the early stage of design. The assembling process of the high-density electronic equipment is analyzed, unreasonable parts are found, and the quality of the assembling process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space is optimized through adjustment and improvement. The simulation evaluation result of the invention can provide a basis for improving the assembly process of the high-density electronic equipment in a narrow space, shorten the assembly period of the complex electronic equipment and reduce the research and development cost of a complex equipment system.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A simulation evaluation method for an assembly process in a limited space based on a visual cone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a visibility evaluation value, an operation accessibility evaluation value and a working fatigue evaluation value which are calculated in advance;
and obtaining a final comprehensive evaluation value according to a weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm based on the visibility evaluation value, the operation accessibility evaluation value and the working fatigue evaluation value.
2. The method for simulation evaluation of the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone as claimed in claim 1, wherein based on a real assembly space environment, after a virtual reality human-computer interaction simulation scene is constructed by using an open source engine UE4, the visual cone angle of human eyes and the device axial distance angle of the cone are calculated according to an angle algorithm of a space rectangular coordinate, and a visibility evaluation value is obtained through a visibility classification weighting algorithm.
3. The visual cone-based simulation evaluation method for the assembly process in the limited space, according to claim 2, is characterized in that the formula of the visual analysis evaluation value is as follows:
k1＝-0.13α+10.0
k2＝-0.20β+10.0
k＝0.6k1+0.4k2
wherein, alpha is a horizontal offset angle; beta is the device pitch angle; k is a radical of1Is the horizontal offset angle score value; k is a radical of2Is the device pitch angle; k is a visibility analysis evaluation value.
4. The simulation evaluation method for the assembly process in the limited space based on the visualization cone as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dimension parameters of the upper limbs of the human body and the space parameters of the positions of the assembly devices are calculated according to an angle algorithm of a space rectangular coordinate based on a human-computer interaction simulation scene, and the operation accessibility evaluation value is obtained through an operation accessibility classification weighting algorithm.
5. The method for simulation evaluation of the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone as claimed in claim 4, wherein the formula of the operation accessibility assessment value is as follows:
kb1＝-20g/h+30
kb2＝-19n/l+29
kb3＝-21c/w+31
kb＝0.25kb1+0.35kb2+0.4kb3
wherein g is the distance between the head and the chest; h is the height of the space where the component is located; n is shoulder width; l is the width of the space where the component is located; c is the arm length; depth of space in which w-member is located；kb1A height part score value; k is a radical ofb2Is a width portion evaluation value; k is a radical ofb3As a depth portion evaluation value; k is a radical ofbTo operate the reachability evaluation value.
6. The method for simulation evaluation of the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone as claimed in claim 5, wherein the geometric parameters of the narrow space where the assembler is located are obtained through the space rectangular coordinates based on the human-computer interaction simulation scene, the working posture of the human body is determined, and then the working fatigue degree evaluation value is obtained through a working fatigue degree algorithm according to the duration required by the actual assembly operation and the working posture of the human body.
7. The simulation evaluation method for the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone as claimed in claim 6, wherein the working fatigue evaluation value k isciThe formula of (i ═ 1,2,3,4) is as follows:
kc1＝-0.2t+12
kc2＝-0.24t+12
kc3＝-0.22t+12
kc4＝-0.19t+12
in the formula, t is the working duration; k is a radical ofc1Evaluating the working fatigue degree of a human body in a standing posture; k is a radical ofc2Evaluating the working fatigue degree of the human body in the semi-squatting posture; k is a radical ofc3Evaluating the working fatigue degree of the human body in the squatting posture; k is a radical ofc4The working fatigue of the human body in the supine position is evaluated.
8. The method for simulation evaluation of the assembly process in the limited space based on the visual cone as claimed in claim 7, wherein the formula of the weighted comprehensive evaluation value algorithm is as follows:
wherein gamma is a comprehensive evaluationA value; k is a visibility analysis evaluation value; k is a radical ofbTo operate the accessibility assessment value; k is a radical ofciThe evaluation value is the working fatigue degree.
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