CN113293856A - Construction method of fabricated building - Google Patents
Construction method of fabricated building Download PDFInfo
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- CN113293856A CN113293856A CN202110630453.2A CN202110630453A CN113293856A CN 113293856 A CN113293856 A CN 113293856A CN 202110630453 A CN202110630453 A CN 202110630453A CN 113293856 A CN113293856 A CN 113293856A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
- E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
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Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method of an assembly type building. The method comprises the steps that the outer wall is a sprayed gypsum composite heat-insulation wall body, the outer side layer of the wall is fine aggregate concrete or cement mortar, the inner side layer of the wall is gypsum mortar, and the hollow part is provided with an efficient heat-insulation material such as an EPS heat-insulation board; the household wall adopts a sprayed gypsum composite hollow wall body, and has good sound insulation performance and heat preservation and insulation functions; the compartment wall is a sprayed gypsum composite solid wall body, so that the thickness is thin and the sound insulation is good; spraying and building gypsum composite solid wall bodies are adopted in kitchens and bathrooms, but spraying and building mortar is replaced by modified gypsum mortar and polymer waterproof mortar with high softening coefficients, so that the water resistance of the wall bodies is improved; the terrace material is constructed by gypsum self-leveling mortar; all mortar products used in the steps adopt a pneumatic conveying system to construct an intelligent gypsum tank, a GPS positioning system and a weighing system are installed on the intelligent gypsum tank, the quantity of materials stored in the tank is sent to a factory control room at regular time, and the control room arranges production, transportation and delivery according to received information, so that the use of materials on a construction site is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an assembly type construction method in the field of house construction, in particular to a construction method of an assembly type building.
Background
One, assembled building
China is putting forward a building formed by assembling industrially produced uniform prefabricated part components on a construction site, which is called as an assembly type building. The method is characterized in that: standardized design, factory production, assembly construction, integrated decoration, informatization management and intelligent application. The types of the fabricated buildings are more, and the fabricated buildings can be different types such as plate dividing buildings, block buildings, framework plate buildings, box buildings, lifting plate and the like according to different forms of prefabricated parts and different construction methods.
1. Advantages of fabricated building
A large amount of assembly operation is carried out on site, and the original cast-in-place operation is greatly reduced; a large amount of building works are produced and processed by workshops, and the types of components mainly comprise: the precision of the external wall panel, the internal wall panel, the laminated slab, the balcony, the air-conditioning panel, the stair, the prefabricated beam, the prefabricated column and the like meets the national quality inspection standard; the assembly type building adopts the procedures of building, decoration integrated design, construction and the like, and ideally, decoration can be synchronously carried out along with main body construction, the construction speed is very high, and the labor of a construction site is reduced; after the assembly operation of the assembly type building is increased, the noise of the site operation is reduced, and the influence on the surrounding environment is small. Its advantage does:
(1) quality guarantee: the components of the fabricated building are subjected to standardized production in a factory, and the quality control is more guaranteed;
(2) and the construction period is shortened: the assembly type building component is a standardized product produced in a factory, is directly installed when being transported to a site, is convenient and quick, and can shorten the construction period;
(3) the cost is reduced: the number of materials for turnover of the fabricated building is reduced, and the rental cost can be reduced;
(4) energy conservation and environmental protection: the field operation amount of the fabricated building is reduced, and dust, noise and building rubbish can be reduced;
(5) saving materials: the standardized production of the fabricated building can save materials and reduce waste;
(6) manpower is reduced: the mode that the factory unified customization was adopted to the assembly type structure, and degree of mechanization is high, very big reduction the risk in the aspect of recruitment cost and safety in production.
2. Disadvantages of fabricated buildings
(1) The construction cost is increased: compared with the traditional construction engineering, the assembly type construction engineering has the advantages that the construction cost is greatly improved, and mainly the transportation cost and the hoisting cost are increased;
(2) the earthquake resistance is poor: because the vertical components of the fabricated building are prefabricated in a factory and assembled and connected on site, the components are easily overlapped and not firm, concrete is not poured compactly, the overlapping of reinforcing steel bars is not standard, the integrity and the rigidity of the building structure are weaker, and the seismic resistance of the fabricated building is poorer than that of a cast-in-place structure;
(3) the structure quality is great: the concrete structure building bears the quality of the building structure and comprises concrete columns of vertical members, shear walls, beams of transverse members and floor slabs; if the vertical members are prefabricated in a factory and installed on the site, the vertical members are limited by the sizes of the members and need to be connected on the site by adopting a sleeve grouting technology which requires precise size and high-quality worker construction, but at present, from the construction pictures provided on the site, the construction pictures can be regarded as tragic, completely out of control in quality and huge hidden structural safety hazards are buried, so that the safety of the fabricated building is not as good as that of cast-in-place.
(4) The application limit is large: the current relevant specifications such as design acceptance and the like obviously lag behind the development of construction technology; the method of the component is not standard in the processes of production, transportation, inspection, accumulation and maintenance; in the construction process, the preparation of workers, materials, machinery and materials is insufficient, and the construction quality and the progress control of the project are directly influenced.
Second, industrial by-product gypsum
The industrial byproduct gypsum is a byproduct in industrial production, and comprises a desulfurization byproduct of a coal-fired power plant, namely desulfurization gypsum, a byproduct of wet-process phosphoric acid, namely phosphogypsum, titanium gypsum, salt gypsum and the like. The annual production amount of industrial byproduct gypsum in China is about 1.84 hundred million tons, wherein the total utilization rate of desulfurized gypsum and phosphogypsum is only 48.1 percent, the unused part can be stockpiled in the open air, and the accumulated stockpiling amount of the phosphogypsum exceeds 6 hundred million tons. A large amount of byproduct industrial waste residues need to be stored in a storage yard, so that the investment is large, the operation cost is high, and the enterprise is not burdened; meanwhile, the stockpiled waste residues easily cause air pollution and water pollution to the surrounding environment, and are not qualified with the environmental protection policy advocated by the state, so that the method is greatly limited. However, if the industrial by-product gypsum is developed and utilized, it is an important regenerated gypsum resource, and the main component of the industrial by-product gypsum is calcium sulfate (CaSO4 & 2H2O), which is an excellent cementing material, has the technical characteristics of early setting and quick hardening, fire prevention and energy saving, is harmless to human body, and is particularly suitable for being used as an indoor building material. In addition, according to the use condition of the prior building material raw materials, the cement retarder, the gypsum plasterboard, the plastering mortar and the like are mainly used, the utilization amount is saturated, and the rising space is limited. Therefore, the industrial by-product gypsum is developed and used for wall materials in the field of building materials, and the industrial by-product gypsum can be greatly consumed.
From the above analysis, it can be known that the 'fabricated building' widely popularized in China at the present stage has some difficulties in implementation, particularly, the structure quality is safe and the cost is high, and the industrial byproduct gypsum is accumulated like a mountain due to no large consumption channel, pollutes the environment and adversely affects the industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of an assembly type building. The method aims to fully utilize the industrial byproduct gypsum to produce wall materials, adopts the step of compounding the wall by adopting an assembly type technology, creates a path of the assembly type building synthesis technology, and solves the problems of safe house structure, construction cost reduction and large consumption of the industrial byproduct gypsum waste residue.
Therefore, the technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a construction method of a fabricated building includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a built house is divided into four construction units, namely a structure, an enclosure, an intelligent gypsum tank and a construction control room, wherein the construction control monitors, schedules the structure, encloses construction and the working process of the intelligent gypsum tank unit;
secondly, the structural units are divided into main structural units for bearing the weight and the transmission force of the whole house and sub-structural units for local or auxiliary bearing parts such as balconies, air-conditioning plates and stairs;
thirdly, dividing the enclosure unit into a non-bearing outer wall and an inner partition wall;
fourthly, the columns, the beams and the floor plates in the main structural unit are implemented and finished by adopting a field pouring process; fifthly, adopting factory prefabrication and mounting processes from the balcony, the air-conditioning plate and the stair in the secondary structure unit to a building construction site;
sixthly, spraying gypsum on the inner partition wall, the household partition wall, the kitchen and toilet and the outer wall in the non-bearing enclosure unit to construct a composite wall, and using gypsum self-leveling materials to construct mortar for the ground surface to be a terrace layer;
and seventhly, all the mortar products are constructed by adopting a pneumatic conveying system.
Furthermore, an outer wall in the non-bearing enclosure unit is a sprayed gypsum composite heat-insulation wall, wherein an outer side layer of the outer wall is sprayed with fine aggregate concrete or cement mortar, an inner side layer of the outer wall is sprayed with gypsum mortar, and an EPS heat-insulation plate with high efficiency and heat insulation is arranged in a hollow part of the composite heat-insulation wall.
Furthermore, the individual wall in the non-bearing enclosure unit adopts a sprayed gypsum composite hollow wall with good sound insulation performance and heat insulation performance or a sprayed gypsum composite solid wall with thin thickness and good sound insulation performance.
Furthermore, the kitchen and bathroom in the non-bearing enclosure unit adopts a gypsum composite solid wall body which is formed by spraying modified gypsum mortar with high softening coefficient and polymer waterproof mortar.
Furthermore, the sprayed and constructed gypsum composite heat-insulating wall body in the non-bearing enclosure unit is provided with a light steel keel and a mesh structure which are used as wall ribs; the light steel keel and the net piece are designed and processed according to the size of a house, and then transported to the site to be installed in a wall body; after qualified production and detection in factories, mortar sprayed on gypsum walls and self-leveling mortar are transported to intelligent gypsum tanks on site by bulk tankers, the mortar is conveyed to mixing pumps on various floors through a pneumatic conveying system, and the mixture is sprayed on a net sheet for fixing light steel keels in advance after automatic water adding and stirring until the light steel keels and the net sheet are completely covered and compounded to form the wall.
Furthermore, the intelligence gypsum jar is the gypsum jar that has installed big dipper or GPS positioning system and weighing system, regularly sends jar stock quantity to the construction control room, and the control room arranges thick liquids allotment, safety in production control, transportation delivery, the process of building site construction order according to the information that receives.
Furthermore, the pneumatic conveying system consists of two or more slurry conveyers, wherein the single machine has the working conveying height of 200 m and the energy consumption of 8.1 KW.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: under the monitoring and scheduling of a construction control room, for a main structural unit, a cast-in-place process is adopted, so that the quality is guaranteed, the manufacturing, transportation, hoisting and installation costs are greatly saved, the production capacity of an assembly type factory is released, and the production focus can be turned to the components of a secondary structural unit as much as possible; for the secondary structure unit, although the balcony, the air-conditioning plate and the stair in the unit have small sizes and complex shapes, the shapes and the sizes of the balcony, the air-conditioning plate and the stair can be uniformly customized, so that the problems of difficult formwork support, high turnover material consumption and low construction speed in cast-in-place are solved; therefore, the method is suitable for factory unified production and convenient for field construction; moreover, the standard product has excellent quality and accurate size, subsequent plastering and leveling are not needed, the used template can be repeatedly used, and the cost is reduced; spraying and building a gypsum composite wall body on an outer wall and an inner partition wall in the enclosure unit, wherein light steel keels and meshes forming the composite wall body are produced in a factory and assembled on site; the gypsum spraying mortar of the composite wall and the gypsum self-leveling mortar for ground leveling can also be produced by premixing in a factory, the gypsum spraying mortar is conveyed to the site by a bulk tanker and is pumped into an intelligent mortar tank, the intelligent mortar tank is conveyed to a mixing pump on a floor through a pneumatic conveying system, water is automatically added, the mixed slurry is sprayed on the light steel keel and the net sheet to be compounded into the wall, and the wall with the advantages of no crack, light weight, high strength, excellent fireproof, sound insulation and excellent anti-seismic performance is formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a construction method for realizing a fabricated building.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is based on the characteristic that a house building body = structure + enclosure, and the integral structure of the building is divided into a main structure unit, a secondary structure unit and an enclosure unit. The main structural units are parts such as columns, beams and plates which bear the weight and transfer force of the whole house; the secondary structure units are local or auxiliary bearing parts such as balconies, air-conditioning plates, stairs and the like, and the enclosure units are mainly non-bearing outer walls and inner partition walls. According to the division, the columns, the beams and the floor slabs in the main structural unit adopt a mature cast-in-place process; the balcony, the air-conditioning plate and the stair in the secondary structure unit adopt the processes of factory prefabrication and field installation; the non-bearing inner partition wall and outer wall are sprayed and built gypsum composite wall bodies, the ground mortar is made of gypsum self-leveling materials, and all the used mortar products are constructed by adopting a pneumatic conveying system.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the embodiment is a construction method of an assembly type building, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a built house is divided into four construction units, namely a structure, an enclosure, an intelligent gypsum tank and a construction control room, wherein the construction control monitors, schedules the structure, encloses construction and the working process of the intelligent gypsum tank unit;
secondly, the structural units are divided into main structural units for bearing the weight and the transmission force of the whole house and sub-structural units for local or auxiliary bearing parts such as balconies, air-conditioning plates and stairs;
thirdly, dividing the enclosure unit into a non-bearing outer wall and an inner partition wall;
fourthly, the columns, the beams and the floor plates in the main structural unit are implemented and finished by adopting a field pouring process;
fifthly, adopting factory prefabrication and mounting processes from the balcony, the air-conditioning plate and the stair in the secondary structure unit to a building construction site;
sixthly, spraying gypsum on the inner partition wall, the household partition wall, the kitchen and toilet and the outer wall in the non-bearing enclosure unit to construct a composite wall, and using gypsum self-leveling materials to construct mortar for the ground surface to be a terrace layer;
and seventhly, all the mortar products are constructed by adopting a pneumatic conveying system.
Furthermore, an outer wall in the non-bearing enclosure unit is a sprayed gypsum composite heat-insulation wall, wherein an outer side layer of the outer wall is sprayed with fine aggregate concrete or cement mortar, an inner side layer of the outer wall is sprayed with gypsum mortar, and an EPS heat-insulation plate with high efficiency and heat insulation is arranged in a hollow part of the composite heat-insulation wall.
Furthermore, the individual wall in the non-bearing enclosure unit adopts a sprayed gypsum composite hollow wall with good sound insulation performance and heat insulation performance or a sprayed gypsum composite solid wall with thin thickness and good sound insulation performance.
Furthermore, the kitchen and bathroom in the non-bearing enclosure unit adopts a gypsum composite solid wall body which is formed by spraying modified gypsum mortar with high softening coefficient and polymer waterproof mortar.
Furthermore, the sprayed and constructed gypsum composite heat-insulating wall body in the non-bearing enclosure unit is provided with a light steel keel and a mesh structure which are used as wall ribs; the light steel keel and the net piece are designed and processed according to the size of a house, and then transported to the site to be installed in a wall body; after qualified production and detection in factories, mortar sprayed on gypsum walls and self-leveling mortar are transported to intelligent gypsum tanks on site by bulk tankers, the mortar is conveyed to mixing pumps on various floors by a pneumatic conveying system, and after automatic water adding and stirring, the mortar is sprayed on a net sheet on which light steel keels are fixed in advance in a grading and layering manner until the light steel keels and the net sheet are completely covered and compounded into a wall.
Furthermore, the intelligence gypsum jar is the gypsum jar that has installed big dipper or GPS positioning system and weighing system, regularly sends jar stock quantity to the construction control room, and the control room arranges thick liquids allotment, safety in production control, transportation delivery, the process of building site construction order according to the information that receives.
The pneumatic conveying system in the embodiment comprises two or more slurry conveying machines, wherein the single machine has the working conveying height of 200 m and the energy consumption of 8.1 KW.
In conclusion, the problem that the existing main structural members of the fabricated building are connected through a sleeve grouting technology, and potential quality safety hazards exist is solved; the floor slab adopts a prefabricated laminated slab and cast-in-place mode, and the cast-in-place floor slab formed at one time is divided into an upper part and a lower part, so that the construction cost is increased, and the construction difficulty is improved; if the non-bearing external wall panel and the internal wall panel adopt a large panel form, the installation is difficult and the cost is high; if the batten form is adopted, the problems of wall surface cracking, poor sound insulation and construction complexity are inevitable.
The concrete expression is as follows:
1. the outer wall adopts a sprayed gypsum composite heat-insulating wall body, wherein the outer side layer is fine aggregate concrete or cement mortar, the inner side layer is gypsum mortar, and the hollow part is provided with a high-efficiency heat-insulating material such as an EPS heat-insulating plate;
2. the household wall adopts a sprayed gypsum composite hollow wall body, and has good sound insulation performance and heat preservation and insulation functions;
3. the compartment wall is a sprayed gypsum composite solid wall body, so that the thickness is thin and the sound insulation is good;
4. spraying and building gypsum composite solid wall bodies are adopted in kitchens and bathrooms, but spraying and building mortar is replaced by modified gypsum mortar and polymer waterproof mortar with high softening coefficients, so that the water resistance of the wall bodies is improved;
5. the terrace material is constructed by gypsum self-leveling mortar.
6. Designing and processing the light steel keel and the net piece required by the enclosure structure according to the size of a house, and transporting to a site for installation; after the gypsum wall sprayed with mortar and self-leveling mortar is qualified in production and detection in factories, the gypsum wall is transported to an intelligent gypsum tank on site by a bulk tanker, powder is conveyed to a mixing pump on each floor through a pneumatic conveying system, and the powder is automatically added with water, stirred and sprayed on a light steel keel, namely a net piece, so that the light steel keel and the net piece are completely covered and compounded to form a wall, and the light steel keel and the net piece become ribs of the wall. In addition, all mortar products used in the embodiment adopt an intelligent gypsum tank constructed by a pneumatic conveying system to install a GPS positioning system and a weighing system, the quantity of materials stored in the tank is sent to a factory control room at regular time, and the control room arranges production, transportation and delivery according to received information, so that the use of materials on a construction site is not influenced.
Claims (7)
1. A method of constructing a fabricated building, the method comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a built house is divided into four construction units, namely a structure, an enclosure, an intelligent gypsum tank and a construction control room, wherein the construction control room unit monitors and schedules the working processes of the structure construction unit, the enclosure construction unit and the intelligent gypsum tank unit;
secondly, the structural units are divided into main structural units for bearing the weight and the transmission force of the whole house and sub-structural units for local or auxiliary bearing parts such as balconies, air-conditioning plates and stairs;
thirdly, dividing the enclosure unit into a non-bearing outer wall and an inner partition wall;
fourthly, the columns, the beams and the floor plates in the main structural unit are implemented and finished by adopting a field pouring process; fifthly, adopting factory prefabrication and mounting processes from the balcony, the air-conditioning plate and the stair in the secondary structure unit to a building construction site;
sixthly, spraying gypsum on the inner partition wall, the household partition wall, the kitchen and toilet and the outer wall in the non-bearing enclosure unit to construct a composite wall, and using gypsum self-leveling materials to construct mortar for the ground surface to be a terrace layer;
and seventhly, all the mortar products are constructed by adopting a pneumatic conveying system.
2. The construction method of the fabricated building according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the non-load-bearing enclosure unit is a sprayed gypsum composite thermal insulation wall, wherein the outer layer of the outer wall is sprayed with fine aggregate concrete or cement mortar, the inner layer of the outer wall is sprayed with gypsum mortar, and an EPS thermal insulation board with high thermal insulation efficiency is installed in the hollow part of the composite thermal insulation wall.
3. The construction method of the fabricated building according to claim 1, wherein the individual walls in the non-load-bearing enclosure units are sprayed gypsum composite hollow walls with good sound insulation performance and heat preservation and insulation performance or sprayed gypsum composite solid walls with thin thickness and good sound insulation performance.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the kitchens and bathrooms of the non-load-bearing enclosure units are gypsum composite solid walls which are made of modified gypsum mortar with high softening coefficient and polymer waterproof mortar by spraying.
5. The construction method of the fabricated building according to claim 1, wherein the sprayed gypsum composite thermal insulation wall in the non-load-bearing enclosure unit has a light steel keel and a mesh structure as wall ribs; the light steel keel and the net piece are designed and processed according to the size of a house, and then transported to the site to be installed in a wall body; after qualified production and detection in factories, mortar sprayed on gypsum walls and self-leveling mortar are transported to intelligent gypsum tanks on site by bulk tankers, the mortar is conveyed to mixing pumps on various floors through a pneumatic conveying system, and the mixture is sprayed on a net sheet for fixing light steel keels in advance after automatic water adding and stirring until the light steel keels and the net sheet are completely covered and compounded to form the wall.
6. The assembly type building construction method of claim 1, wherein the intelligent gypsum tank unit is a gypsum tank equipped with a Beidou or GPS positioning system and a weighing system, the amount of stock in the tank is sent to a construction control room at regular time, and the control room arranges the progress of slurry preparation, safety production monitoring, transportation and delivery, and construction sequence of a construction site according to the received information.
7. The assembly type building construction method according to claim 5, wherein the pneumatic conveying system is composed of two or more slurry conveyers, wherein the single operation conveying height is 200 m, and the energy consumption is 8.1 KW.
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| CN108385862A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-10 | 上海恪耐新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of gypsum insulation mortar interior wall combined wall and its application |
| CN209028663U (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-06-25 | 长兴欧立亚新型建材有限公司 | A kind of mortar jar GPS real-time monitoring system |
| CN109801038A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-24 | 中铁三局集团广东建设工程有限公司 | A kind of versatility engineering construction method based on BIM technology application |
| CN209486723U (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-10-11 | 中铁三局集团广东建设工程有限公司 | A kind of construction management application platform based on BIM technology application |
| CN110984359A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-04-10 | 河北工程大学 | Low-rise assembled building structure |
| CN110409608A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-05 | 广东石油化工学院 | Half fabricated construction system of one kind and its construction method |
| CN110541505A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-06 | 上海恪耐新材料科技有限公司 | Method for constructing spraying-building type composite gypsum wall |
| CN111507681A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-08-07 | 南京熊猫电子股份有限公司 | Building engineering integrated management system |
| CN112554563A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 邓剑涛 | Construction method of full-assembly type concrete building system |
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